title stringlengths 0 1.13k | abstract stringlengths 1 15.7k | PMID int64 22 36.5M |
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Efficient gene replacement and direct hyphal transformation in Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. | Homologous recombination is required for gene-targeted procedures such as gene disruption and gene replacement. Ku80 is part of the non-homologous end-joining DNA repair mechanism in many organisms. We identified and disrupted the Ku80 homologue in Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and generated heterokaryon mutants enriched wi... | 19,019,000 |
Electrochemical detection of neurotransmitters in the gut wall. | Cells interact with each other by releasing signalling molecules, which can activate or inactivate target cells. In order to understand how coordination results from this communication, accurate measurements of these signalling molecules are prerequisite. Several different techniques exist to monitor and quantify these... | 19,019,019 |
Ink dispersion by sequential contractions in isolated segments of guinea pig ileum and duodenum. | Conventional preparations that record the effect of contractions on intestinal flow assess primarily net propulsion and not flow events that like mixing are essential for digestion and absorption. Here we recorded the flow of an ink bolus in response to peristaltic contractions of segments of guinea pig intestine. It t... | 19,019,034 |
The relation between epinephrine concentration and the anesthetic effect of lidocaine iontophoresis. | We assessed the effect of epinephrine at various concentrations on the anesthetic effect during lidocaine iontophoresis. A solution of 2% lidocaine with epinephrine in concentration of 1:80,000, 1:160,000, 1:320,000, 2% lidocaine plain and normal saline control was delivered to the medial antecubital skin for 10 minute... | 19,019,048 |
Liquid storage of goat semen in chemically defined extenders. | The suitability of certain commercial and self-made chemically defined extenders for liquid storage of goat semen was tested and the effects of storage temperatures, dilution rates and sperm washing and pH of extenders on the goat sperm during liquid storage were observed. Semen was collected from nine goat bucks of th... | 19,019,073 |
Induction of lymphotoxin-alpha by interleukin-12 p40 homodimer, the so-called biologically inactive molecule, but not IL-12 p70. | Interleukin-12 (IL-12) p70 (p40:p35) is a bioactive cytokine and its biological functions are becoming clear. On the other hand, the IL-12 p40 homodimer (p40(2)) was considered an inactive or inhibitory molecule and its functions are poorly understood. It has been reported that increased expression of lymphotoxin-alpha... | 19,019,087 |
CD4+ CD25(high) Foxp3+ regulatory T cells downregulate human Vdelta2+ T-lymphocyte function triggered by anti-CD3 or phosphoantigen. | Vdelta2+ T cells, the major circulating T-cell receptor-gammadelta-positive (TCR-gammadelta+) T-cell subset in healthy adults, are involved in immunity against many microbial pathogens including Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Vdelta2+ T cells recognize small phosphorylated metabolites (phosphoantigens), expand in response... | 19,019,089 |
Differential effects of tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-12 on isopentenyl pyrophosphate-stimulated interferon-gamma production by cord blood Vgamma9 T cells. | Lower numbers of Vgamma9Vdelta2 T cells in cord blood (CB) than in adult peripheral blood (PB), as well as their impaired ability to produce interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in response to stimulation, are associated with functional deficiency in the immune system in newborns. In this study, we stimulated CB Vgamma9 T cell... | 19,019,091 |
Signalling mechanisms for Toll-like receptor-activated neutrophil exocytosis: key roles for interleukin-1-receptor-associated kinase-4 and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase but not Toll/IL-1 receptor (TIR) domain-containing adaptor inducing IFN-beta (TRIF). | Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulates exocytosis in neutrophils. The signalling molecules involved in the regulation of this mechanism are currently unknown. Using neutrophils from interleukin-1-receptor-associated kinase (IRAK)-4- and Toll/IL-1 receptor (TIR) domain-containing adaptor inducing IFN-beta (TRIF)-deficient ... | 19,019,092 |
Selective induction of the Notch ligand Jagged-1 in macrophages by soluble egg antigen from Schistosoma mansoni involves ERK signalling. | Soluble egg antigen (SEA) from the helminth Schistosoma mansoni promotes T helper type 2 (Th2) responses by modulating antigen-presenting cell function. The Jagged/Notch pathway has recently been implicated in driving Th2 development. We show here that SEA rapidly up-regulated mRNA and protein expression of the Notch l... | 19,019,093 |
The replication fork trap and termination of chromosome replication. | Bacteria that have a circular chromosome with a bidirectional DNA replication origin are thought to utilize a 'replication fork trap' to control termination of replication. The fork trap is an arrangement of replication pause sites that ensures that the two replication forks fuse within the terminus region of the chrom... | 19,019,156 |
Elevated cerebrospinal fluid levels of prostaglandin E2 and 15-(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid in multiple sclerosis. | To test the hypothesis that the arachodinic acid metabolites prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and 15-(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15(S)-HETE) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are elevated and reflect neuroinflammation and degenerative changes in multiple sclerosis (MS). We measured PGE2 and 15(S)-HETE concentrations, as well a... | 19,019,188 |
Preferential allocation to beneficial symbiont with spatial structure maintains mycorrhizal mutualism. | Mutualisms, beneficial interactions between species, are expected to be unstable because delivery of benefit likely involves fitness costs and selection should favour partners that deliver less benefit. Yet, mutualisms are common and persistent, even in the largely promiscuous associations between plants and soil micro... | 19,019,195 |
Light responses in the mouse retina are prolonged upon targeted deletion of the HCN1 channel gene. | Hyperpolarization-activated and cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels contribute to pacemaker activity, and co-determine the integrative behaviour of neurons and shape their response to synaptic stimulation. Four channel isoforms, HCN1-4, have been described in mammals. Recent studies showed particularly strong expres... | 19,019,198 |
Visual mismatch negativity for changes in orientation--a sensory memory-dependent response. | It remains unclear whether the mismatch negativity of event-related potentials (ERPs) in vision resembles its auditory counterpart in terms of memory relatedness. We recorded ERPs to visual bars in adult humans engaged in an auditory task. In one condition, a bar ('standard') repeated at 400- or 1100-ms non-stimulated ... | 19,019,200 |
Role of spinal 5-HT2 receptor subtypes in quipazine-induced hindlimb movements after a low-thoracic spinal cord transection. | A role of serotonin receptors (5-HTRs) in spinal rhythmogenesis has been proposed several years ago based mainly upon data showing that bath-applied 5-HT could elicit locomotor-like rhythms in in vitro isolated spinal cord preparations. Such a role was partially confirmed in vivo after revealing that systemically admin... | 19,019,202 |
Genome-wide survey of prokaryotic serine proteases: analysis of distribution and domain architectures of five serine protease families in prokaryotes. | Serine proteases are one of the most abundant groups of proteolytic enzymes found in all the kingdoms of life. While studies have established significant roles for many prokaryotic serine proteases in several physiological processes, such as those associated with metabolism, cell signalling, defense response and develo... | 19,019,219 |
Development of a fluorescence-based method for monitoring glucose catabolism and its potential use in a biomass hydrolysis assay. | The availability and low cost of lignocellulosic biomass has caused tremendous interest in the bioconversion of this feedstock into liquid fuels. One measure of the economic viability of the bioconversion process is the ease with which a particular feedstock is hydrolyzed and fermented. Because monitoring the analytes ... | 19,019,221 |
The inv dup (15) or idic (15) syndrome (Tetrasomy 15q). | The inv dup(15) or idic(15) syndrome displays distinctive clinical findings represented by early central hypotonia, developmental delay and intellectual disability, epilepsy, and autistic behaviour. Incidence at birth is estimated at 1 in 30,000 with a sex ratio of almost 1:1. Developmental delay and intellectual disab... | 19,019,226 |
Comparison of quality control for trauma management between Western and Eastern European trauma center. | Quality control of trauma care is essential to define the effectiveness of trauma center and trauma system. To identify the troublesome issues of the system is the first step for validation of the focused customized solutions. This is a comparative study of two level I trauma centers in Italy and Romania and it has bee... | 19,019,230 |
Dispensary level pilot implementation of rapid diagnostic tests: an evaluation of RDT acceptance and usage by providers and patients--Tanzania, 2005. | Malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) may assist in diagnosis, improve prescribing practices and reduce potential drug resistance development. Without understanding operational issues or acceptance and usage by providers and patients, the costs of these tests may not be justified. To evaluate the impact of RDTs on pres... | 19,019,233 |
Gamma probes and their use in tumor detection in colorectal cancer. | The purpose of this article is to summarize the role of gamma probes in intraoperative tumor detection in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), as well as provide basic information about the physical and practical characteristics of the gamma probes, and the radiopharmaceuticals used in gamma probe tumor detection. I... | 19,019,238 |
A second generation genetic map for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). | Genetic maps characterizing the inheritance patterns of traits and markers have been developed for a wide range of species and used to study questions in biomedicine, agriculture, ecology and evolutionary biology. The status of rainbow trout genetic maps has progressed significantly over the last decade due to interest... | 19,019,240 |
High prevalence of HIV infection among homeless and street-involved Aboriginal youth in a Canadian setting. | Aboriginal people experience a disproportionate burden of HIV infection among the adult population in Canada; however, less is known regarding the prevalence and characteristics of HIV positivity among drug-using and street-involved Aboriginal youth. We examined HIV seroprevalence and risk factors among a cohort of 529... | 19,019,253 |
The relationship between population growth and elderly suicide rates: a cross-national study. | Elderly suicide rates are associated with the elderly population size, the proportion of elderly in the general population and the elderly dependency ratio. A cross-national study examining the "a priori" hypothesis that the relationship between elderly suicide rates and average annual population growth rates would be ... | 19,019,260 |
Subjective memory impairment in a rural population with low education in the Amazon rainforest: an exploratory study. | The high prevalence of subjective memory impairment (SMI) in the elderly living in developed countries may be partly dependent on greater demand placed on them by new technologies. As part of a comprehensive study on cognitive impairment in a population living in the Amazon rainforest, we evaluated the prevalence of SM... | 19,019,263 |
ALS drug development: reflections from the past and a way forward. | Tremendous advances in our understanding of pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) have provided a rich pipeline of drugs for clinical trialists. At least 32 unique compounds have been tested. Nevertheless, riluzole is currently the only treatment that prolongs survival. We present a critical overview of p... | 19,019,302 |
Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies: current and future therapeutic options. | Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (notably polymyositis and dermatomyositis) are relatively uncommon diseases with a heterogeneous clinical presentation. Only a few randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials have been performed, measures to assess outcome and response to treatment have to be validated. Initia... | 19,019,306 |
Therapeutic approaches in glycogen storage disease type II/Pompe Disease. | Glycogen storage disease type II (GSDII)/Pompe disease is an autosomal recessive multi-system disorder due to a deficiency of the glycogen-degrading lysosomal enzyme, acid alpha-glucosidase. Without adequate levels of alpha-glucosidase, there is a progressive accumulation of glycogen inside the lysosome, resulting in l... | 19,019,308 |
Gender differences in global-local perception? Evidence from orientation and shape judgments. | Direct examinations of gender differences in global-local processing are sparse, and the results are inconsistent. We examined this issue with a visuospatial judgment task and with a shape judgment task. Women and men were presented with hierarchical stimuli that varied in closure (open or closed shape) or in line orie... | 19,019,319 |
Nanofluids droplets evaporation kinetics and wetting dynamics on rough heated substrates. | The influence of aluminium nanoparticles on the evaporation and wetting dynamics of ethanol sessile droplets on a heated PTFE surface is investigated experimentally. The experimental technique uses a goniometer to measure the evolution in time of the shape of the droplets (contact angle, base diameter and volume). The ... | 19,019,321 |
The recommendation for bed rest in the setting of arrested preterm labor and premature rupture of membranes. | The objective of the study was to estimate practice patterns regarding bed rest in women with preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) and arrested preterm labor. This was a mail-based survey of all Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine members in the United States asking whether they would recommend bed rest in th... | 19,019,329 |
Postmenopausal hormone therapy and incident urinary incontinence in middle-aged women. | The objective of the study was to examine the association of hormone therapy with incident urinary incontinence (UI) in postmenopausal women aged 37-54 years in the Nurses' Health Study II. Participants reported use of hormone therapy, including hormone type, on biennial questionnaires from 1989 to 2001. Among 7341 pos... | 19,019,333 |
Activity of jaw muscles in unilateral cross-bite without mandibular shift. | To evaluate and compare electromyographic activity of jaw muscles at rest and during maximal voluntary clenching in maximal intercuspation between growing individuals with unilateral posterior cross-bite without functional mandibular lateral shift during closure and matched individuals with normal occlusion. These find... | 19,019,348 |
Combined analysis of prenatal (maternal hair and blood) and neonatal (infant hair, cord blood and meconium) matrices to detect fetal exposure to environmental pesticides. | The aim of this study was to determine optimum biomarkers to detect fetal exposure to environmental pesticides by the simultaneous analysis of maternal (hair and blood) and infant (cord blood, infant hair or meconium) matrices and to determine if a combination of these biomarkers will further increase the detection rat... | 19,019,354 |
Effect of 1-month war in Lebanon on sex ratio. | Our study showed no effect of 33-day war in Lebanon on sex ratio. More research is needed to explore other modifying factors for a better understanding of the complex effect of wars on sex ratio changes. | 19,019,356 |
Wave intensity amplification and attenuation in non-linear flow: implications for the calculation of local reflection coefficients. | Local reflection coefficients (R) provide important insights into the influence of wave reflection on vascular haemodynamics. Using the relatively new time-domain method of wave intensity analysis, R has been calculated as the ratio of the peak intensities (R(PI)) or areas (R(CI)) of incident and reflected waves, or as... | 19,019,371 |
Influence of surface penetration on measured fluid force on a hand model. | The purpose of this study was to quantify the effect of wave drag due to surface penetration on drag and lift forces (C(d) and C(l)) acting on a hand model. The values of C(d) and C(l) had been acquired to gain the hydrodynamic characteristics of the swimmer's hand and predict force on the swimmer's hand. These values ... | 19,019,377 |
Analysis of industrial contaminants in indoor air: part 1. Volatile organic compounds, carbonyl compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls. | This article reviews recent literature on the analysis of industrial contaminants in indoor air in the framework of the REACH project, which is mainly intended to improve protection of human health and the environment from the risks of more than 34 millions of chemical substances. Industrial pollutants that can be foun... | 19,019,381 |
Nitric oxide stimulates embryonic somatotroph differentiation and growth hormone mRNA and protein expression through a cyclic guanosine monophosphate-independent mechanism. | In the pituitary gland, NO is locally synthesized by gonadotroph and folliculo-stellate cells. Many reports have shown that NO can modulate the growth hormone (GH) secretion. However, its role on mice embryo GH regulation remains unclear. In addition, it is unknown whether the regulation is associated with the prolifer... | 19,019,400 |
Insights into adenovirus host cell interactions from structural studies. | Human adenoviruses cause a significant number of acute respiratory, enteric and ocular infections, however they have also served as useful model systems for uncovering fundamental aspects of cell and molecular biology. In addition, replication-defective forms of adenovirus are being used in gene transfer and vaccine cl... | 19,019,405 |
Does chest CT matter in the staging of GTN? | The term gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) encompasses a variety of uncommon neoplastic conditions arising from the placental trophoblast. Staging of GTN using the FIGO 2000 system divides patients into low and high risk groups and treatment of these patients depends on the risk score achieved. Chest x-ray (CXR... | 19,019,416 |
LPA receptor 2 mediates LPA-induced endometrial cancer invasion. | We have previously shown that lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) promotes the ovarian cancer metastatic cascade. In this study, we evaluated the role of LPA on endometrial cancer invasion. Transient mRNA knockdown was accomplished using pre-designed siRNA duplexes against LPA receptor 2 (LPA2) and human matrix metalloproteina... | 19,019,417 |
Visual field progression in the Collaborative Initial Glaucoma Treatment Study the impact of treatment and other baseline factors. | To evaluate factors associated with visual field (VF) progression, using all available follow-up through 9 years after treatment initiation, in the Collaborative Initial Glaucoma Treatment Study (CIGTS). Longitudinal follow-up of participants enrolled in a randomized clinical trial. Six hundred seven newly diagnosed gl... | 19,019,444 |
Corpus callosum size and shape in individuals with current and past depression. | The corpus callosum enables the efficient linking of the two cerebral hemispheres. Reductions in the size of the anterior callosum have been described in geriatric depression, although findings in young adults have been much more equivocal. Data was acquired in 26 currently depressed (mean age 32.15 years, 5/26 male) a... | 19,019,454 |
Cytokine expression by neutrophils of adult horses stimulated with virulent and avirulent Rhodococcus equi in vitro. | Rhodococcus equi is an intracellular pathogen of macrophages that causes rhodococcal pneumonia in foals and immunocompromised people. Evidence exists that neutrophils play a vital role in resistance to infection with R. equi; however, the means by which neutrophils exert their effects have not been clearly defined. In ... | 19,019,457 |
Stridor due to a bridge-like subglottic stenosis in a 10-week-old male infant. | We present an infant with post-intubation stridor caused by a bridge-like subglottic stenosis. At the age of 6 weeks he suffered from a RSV infection with the need for endotracheal intubation. At week 10 acute respiratory distress required a re-intubation. Flexible endoscopy was suggestive for laryngomalacia. Rigid end... | 19,019,463 |
Differential regulation of zebrafish metallothionein-II (zMT-II) gene transcription in ZFL and SJD cell lines by metal ions. | Two alleles of a zebrafish metallothionein II gene (zMT-II) promoter (zMT-IIA and zMT-IIB) containing 10 MREs in the 5'-flanking region (1514bp) were identified in zebrafish. These putative MREs were confirmed via electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) to have binding activities from the cellular and nuclear extra... | 19,019,466 |
The LINC-less granulocyte nucleus. | The major blood granulocyte (neutrophil) is rapidly recruited to sites of bacterial and fungal infections. It is a highly malleable cell, allowing it to squeeze out of blood vessels and migrate through tight tissue spaces. The human granulocyte nucleus is lobulated and exhibits a paucity of nuclear lamins, increasing i... | 19,019,491 |
The spreading of suicidal behavior: The contextual effect of community household poverty on adolescent suicidal behavior and the mediating role of suicide suggestion. | Despite the longstanding interest of social researchers in the social factors that influence suicide and suicidal behavior, multilevel research on this topic has been limited. Using nested survey data on 5331 Icelandic adolescents (born in 1990 and 1991) in 83 school-communities, the current study examines the contextu... | 19,019,522 |
Water quality in the upper Han River basin, China: the impacts of land use/land cover in riparian buffer zone. | Vegetated riparian zones adjacent to rivers and streams, can greatly mitigate nutrients, sediment from surface through deposition, absorption and denitrification, yet, human activities primarily land use practices have dramatically reduced the capacity. In this study, 42 sampling sites were selected in the riverine net... | 19,019,532 |
The experimental establishment of ruminant nematodes in European hares (Lepus europaeus). | The factors that control the demography of European hare Lepus europaeus populations are poorly understood, but it has been recognized that the decline of hares in Europe is associated with an increasing intensity of agricultural activity. Many mechanisms have been suggested. We propose another mechanism; a negative im... | 19,019,544 |
"Gearing to a time table"; the evolution of earlier surgical eschar excision in massive burns by British burns surgeons at the battles of Cassino, 1944: an example of real-time audit. | The effectiveness of burns care delivery is difficult to measure within a realistic workload and resource framework. In addition, workers must develop new tools for this purpose. We describe a historical example from World War II describing the evolution of burns excision in the context of thorough outcome assessment, ... | 19,019,557 |
Variation in Fusobacterium necrophorum strains present on the hooves of footrot infected sheep, goats and cattle. | Footrot is a disease of sheep, goats and cattle that causes losses in production and raises welfare issues world-wide. The disease is characterised by destruction of the hard keratin of the hoof leading to lameness, and both Dichelobacter nodosus (D. nodosus) and Fusobacterium necrophorum (F. necrophorum) are thought t... | 19,019,570 |
Virulence genotypes and phylogenetic background of fluoroquinolone-resistant and susceptible Escherichia coli urine isolates from dogs with urinary tract infection. | The origins and virulence potential of fluoroquinolone-resistant (FQ-R) Escherichia coli from dogs with urinary tract infection (UTI) are undefined. Therefore, fluoroquinolone-resistant (n=38) or susceptible (n=62) E. coli urine isolates from dogs with UTI were characterized for phylogenetic group (A, B1, B2, D) and 61... | 19,019,576 |
The relationship between smoking and age at the menopause: A systematic review. | Increasing life expectancy has made it ever more important to study the factors that influence the age at the menopause, given that when it is reached outside of the normal range, it is associated with increased risk of osteoporosis and cardiovascular diseases, among other conditions. Among the factors studied in relat... | 19,019,585 |
Serum lipids and neopterin in urine as new biomarkers of malnutrition and inflammation in the elderly. | Levels of serum lipids are influenced by malnutrition and inflammation. The study aimed to find the relation of the lipidogram to positive and negative markers of inflammation in geriatric patients. Attention was paid to neopterin in urine as a non-protein positive bioindicator of inflammation. It was a local, monocent... | 19,019,628 |
Refractive errors and schizophrenia. | Refractive errors (myopia, hyperopia and amblyopia), like schizophrenia, have a strong genetic cause, and dopamine has been proposed as a potential mediator in their pathophysiology. The present study explored the association between refractive errors in adolescence and schizophrenia, and the potential familiality of t... | 19,019,632 |
Surface characterization of immunosensor conjugated with gold nanoparticles based on cyclic voltammetry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. | This investigation describes the surface characterization of rabbit immunoglobulin G (IgG) conjugated with gold nanoparticles. Goat anti-rabbit immunoglobulin G tagged with 5nm gold nanoparticles was applied to detect the IgG. Then, the autocatalyzed deposition of Au(3+) onto the surface of anti-IgGAu increased the sur... | 19,019,639 |
Age-dependent relationship between bispectral index and sedation level. | To determine the relationship between bispectral index (BIS) and sedation. Prospective, observational clinical study. Intensive care unit of a public hospital in Japan. 22 ASA physical status I, II, and III middle-aged (18-65 yrs) and elderly (>65 yrs) patients receiving postoperative sedation with midazolam. Patien... | 19,019,662 |
Management of hemorrhagic shock when blood is not an option. | To describe an alternative approach to management of severe life- threatening hemorrhagic shock and the outcome when blood was not a treatment option. Case Report of the use of a Hemoglobin Based Oxygen Carrier (HBOC-201)when control of hemorrhage and intravenous crystalloids were unsuccessful in reversal of hemorrhagi... | 19,019,664 |
Children's perceptions and behavior with respect to glass littering in developing countries: a case study in Palestine's Nablus district. | The aims of this study were to assess the current situation regarding glass litter on the streets and children's attitudes, and behavior concerning glass litter. Out of 240 interviewed children, 41.7% admitted glass littering. This was reflected in the high incidence of injuries caused by street glass among children; 1... | 19,019,670 |
Abnormal thalamocortical dynamics may be altered by deep brain stimulation: using magnetoencephalography to study phantom limb pain. | Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is used to alleviate chronic pain. Using magnetoencephalography (MEG) to study the mechanisms of DBS for pain is difficult because of the artefact caused by the stimulator. We were able to record activity over the occipital lobe of a patient using DBS for phantom limb pain during presentati... | 19,019,684 |
Production of low-background CuSn6-bronze for the CRESST dark-matter-search experiment. | One of the most intriguing open questions in modern particle physics is the nature of the dark matter in our universe. As hypothetical weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) do interact with ordinary matter extremely rarely, their observation requires a very low-background detector environment regarding radioacti... | 19,019,691 |
Radiofrequency ablation: simultaneous application of multiple electrodes via switching creates larger, more confluent ablations than sequential application in a large animal model. | To compare radiofrequency (RF) ablations created by using a sequential technique to those created simultaneously by using a switching algorithm in ex vivo and in vivo liver models. RF ablation was performed by using either sequential or switched application of three cooled electrodes in a 2-cm triangular array in ex vi... | 19,019,701 |
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