Datasets:

s-conia
/

sciq_italian

id stringlengths 11 11	input stringlengths 14 399	input_translation stringlengths 17 435	metadata dict	choices sequencelengths 4 4	choices_translation sequencelengths 4 4
train-00000	What type of organism is commonly used in preparation of foods such as cheese and yogurt?	Quale tipo di organismo è comunemente utilizzato nella preparazione di alimenti come formaggio e yogurt?	{ "category": "question", "passage": "Mesophiles grow best in moderate temperature, typically between 25°C and 40°C (77°F and 104°F). Mesophiles are often found living in or on the bodies of humans or other animals. The optimal growth temperature of many pathogenic mesophiles is 37°C (98°F), the normal human body t...	[ "Mesophilic organisms.", "Protozoa.", "Gymnosperms.", "Viruses." ]	[ "Organismi mesofili.", "Protozoi.", "Gimnosperme.", "Virus." ]
train-00001	What phenomenon makes global winds blow northeast to southwest or the reverse in the northern hemisphere and northwest to southeast or the reverse in the southern hemisphere?	Quale fenomeno fa sì che i venti globali soffino da nord-est a sud-ovest o viceversa nell'emisfero settentrionale e da nord-ovest a sud-est o viceversa nell'emisfero meridionale?	{ "category": "question", "passage": "Without Coriolis Effect the global winds would blow north to south or south to north. But Coriolis makes them blow northeast to southwest or the reverse in the Northern Hemisphere. The winds blow northwest to southeast or the reverse in the southern hemisphere.", "passage_tra...	[ "Coriolis effect.", "Muon effect.", "Centrifugal effect.", "Tropical effect." ]	[ "Effetto Coriolis.", "Effetto Muon.", "Effetto Centrifugo.", "Effetto Tropicale." ]
train-00002	Changes from a less-ordered state to a more-ordered state (such as a liquid to a solid) are always what?	I cambiamenti da uno stato meno ordinato a uno stato più ordinato (come un liquido a un solido) sono sempre cosa?	{ "category": "question", "passage": "Summary Changes of state are examples of phase changes, or phase transitions. All phase changes are accompanied by changes in the energy of a system. Changes from a more-ordered state to a less-ordered state (such as a liquid to a gas) areendothermic. Changes from a less-ordere...	[ "Exothermic.", "Unbalanced.", "Reactive.", "Endothermic." ]	[ "Esotermici.", "Sbilanciati.", "Reattivi.", "Endotermici." ]
train-00003	What is the least dangerous radioactive decay?	Qual è il decadimento radioattivo meno pericoloso?	{ "category": "question", "passage": "All radioactive decay is dangerous to living things, but alpha decay is the least dangerous.", "passage_translation": "Tutti i decadimenti radioattivi sono pericolosi per gli esseri viventi, ma il decadimento alfa è il meno pericoloso." }	[ "Alpha decay.", "Beta decay.", "Gamma decay.", "Zeta decay." ]	[ "Decadimento alfa.", "Decadimento beta.", "Decadimento gamma.", "Decadimento zeta." ]
train-00004	Kilauea in hawaii is the world’s most continuously active volcano. Very active volcanoes characteristically eject red-hot rocks and lava rather than this?	Kilauea alle Hawaii è il vulcano più attivamente attivo del mondo. I vulcani molto attivi espellono caratteristicamente rocce incandescenti e lava piuttosto che questo?	{ "category": "question", "passage": "Example 3.5 Calculating Projectile Motion: Hot Rock Projectile Kilauea in Hawaii is the world’s most continuously active volcano. Very active volcanoes characteristically eject red-hot rocks and lava rather than smoke and ash. Suppose a large rock is ejected from the volcano wi...	[ "Smoke and ash.", "Greenhouse gases.", "Carbon and smog.", "Magma." ]	[ "Fumi e cenere.", "Gas serra.", "Carbonio e smog.", "Magma." ]
train-00005	When a meteoroid reaches earth, what is the remaining object called?	Quando un meteoroide raggiunge la Terra, quale è l'oggetto rimanente chiamato?	{ "category": "question", "passage": "Meteoroids are smaller than asteroids, ranging from the size of boulders to the size of sand grains. When meteoroids enter Earth’s atmosphere, they vaporize, creating a trail of glowing gas called a meteor. If any of the meteoroid reaches Earth, the remaining object is called a...	[ "Meteorite.", "Comet.", "Meteor.", "Orbit." ]	[ "Meteorite.", "Cometa.", "Meteora.", "Orbita." ]
train-00006	What kind of a reaction occurs when a substance reacts quickly with oxygen?	Che tipo di reazione si verifica quando una sostanza reagisce rapidamente con l'ossigeno?	{ "category": "question", "passage": "A combustion reaction occurs when a substance reacts quickly with oxygen (O 2 ). For example, in the Figure below , charcoal is combining with oxygen. Combustion is commonly called burning, and the substance that burns is usually referred to as fuel. The products of a complete ...	[ "Combustion reaction.", "Invention reaction.", "Fluid reaction.", "Nitrogen reaction." ]	[ "Reazione di combustione.", "Reazione di invenzione.", "Reazione fluida.", "Reazione di azoto." ]
train-00007	Organisms categorized by what species descriptor demonstrate a version of allopatric speciation and have limited regions of overlap with one another, but where they overlap they interbreed successfully?.	Gli organismi categorizzati da quale descrittore di specie dimostrano una versione di speciazione allopatrica e hanno regioni limitate di sovrapposizione tra loro, ma dove si sovrappongono si incrociano con successo?	{ "category": "question", "passage": "Ring species Ring species demonstrate a version of allopatric speciation. Imagine populations of the species A. Over the geographic range of A there exist a number of subpopulations. These subpopulations (A1 to A5) and (Aa to Ae) have limited regions of overlap with one another...	[ "Ring species.", "Surface species.", "Fitting species.", "Species complex." ]	[ "Specie anello.", "Specie superficiali.", "Specie adattabili.", "Complesso di specie." ]
train-00008	Alpha emission is a type of what?	L'emissione alfa è un tipo di cosa?	{ "category": "question", "passage": "One type of radioactivity is alpha emission. What is an alpha particle? What happens to an alpha particle after it is emitted from an unstable nucleus?.", "passage_translation": "Un tipo di radioattività è l'emissione alfa. Cos'è una particella alfa? Cosa succede a una partic...	[ "Radioactivity.", "Radiation.", "Heat.", "Light." ]	[ "Radioattività.", "Radiazione.", "Calore.", "Luce." ]
train-00009	What is the stored food in a seed called?	Qual è il cibo immagazzinato in un seme chiamato?	{ "category": "question", "passage": "The stored food in a seed is called endosperm . It nourishes the embryo until it can start making food on its own.", "passage_translation": "Il cibo immagazzinato in un seme è chiamato endosperma. Nutre l'embrione fino a quando non può iniziare a produrre cibo da solo." }	[ "Endosperm.", "Pollin.", "Membrane.", "Larval." ]	[ "Endosperma.", "Polline.", "Membrana.", "Larvale." ]
train-00010	Zinc is more easily oxidized than iron because zinc has a lower reduction potential. Since zinc has a lower reduction potential, it is a more what?	Lo zinco è più facilmente ossidato del ferro perché lo zinco ha un potenziale di riduzione più basso. Poiché lo zinco ha un potenziale di riduzione più basso, è un metallo più che?	{ "category": "question", "passage": "One way to keep iron from corroding is to keep it painted. The layer of paint prevents the water and oxygen necessary for rust formation from coming into contact with the iron. As long as the paint remains intact, the iron is protected from corrosion. Other strategies include a...	[ "Active metal.", "Much metal.", "Trap metal.", "Usually metal." ]	[ "Metallo attivo.", "Metallo molto.", "Metallo trappola.", "Metallo di solito." ]
train-00011	What is controlled by both genes and experiences in a given envionment?	Cosa è controllato sia dai geni che dalle esperienze in un dato ambiente?	{ "category": "question", "passage": "Most animal behaviors are controlled by both genes and experiences in a given environment.", "passage_translation": "La maggior parte dei comportamenti animali è controllata sia dai geni che dalle esperienze in un dato ambiente." }	[ "Animal behaviors.", "Reflexes.", "Instincts.", "Learned behaviors." ]	[ "Comportamenti animali.", "Riflessi.", "Istinti.", "Comportamenti appresi." ]
train-00012	What tells you how much of the food you should eat to get the nutrients listed on the label?	Cosa ti dice quanto cibo dovresti mangiare per ottenere i nutrienti elencati sull'etichetta?	{ "category": "question", "passage": "The information listed at the right of the label tells you what to look for. At the top of the label, look for the serving size. The serving size tells you how much of the food you should eat to get the nutrients listed on the label. A cup of food from the label pictured below ...	[ "Serving size.", "Regular size.", "Scoop size.", "Longer size." ]	[ "Dimensione della porzione.", "Dimensione regolare.", "Dimensione del cucchiaio.", "Dimensione più lunga." ]
train-00013	What are used to write nuclear equations for radioactive decay?	Cosa si usa per scrivere equazioni nucleari per il decadimento radioattivo?	{ "category": "question", "passage": "Nuclear symbols are used to write nuclear equations for radioactive decay. Let’s consider the example of the beta-minus decay of thorium-234 to protactinium-234. This reaction is represented by the equation:.", "passage_translation": "I simboli nucleari sono usati per scriver...	[ "Nuclear symbols.", "Trigonometric symbols.", "Critical symbols.", "Radioactive symbols." ]	[ "Simboli nucleari.", "Simboli trigonometrici.", "Simboli critici.", "Simboli radioattivi." ]
train-00014	What is controlled by regulatory proteins that bind to regulatory elements on dna?	Cosa è controllato da proteine regolatorie che si legano a elementi regolatori sul DNA?	{ "category": "question", "passage": "Gene transcription is controlled by regulatory proteins that bind to regulatory elements on DNA. The proteins usually either activate or repress transcription.", "passage_translation": "La trascrizione genica è controllata da proteine regolatorie che si legano a elementi rego...	[ "Gene transcription.", "Amino acids.", "Mrna.", "Substance transcription." ]	[ "Trascrizione genica.", "Aminoacidi.", "Mrna.", "Trascrizione di sostanze." ]
train-00015	Boron only occurs naturally in compounds with what element?	Il boro si trova naturalmente solo in composti con quale elemento?	{ "category": "question", "passage": "Occurrence, Preparation, and Compounds of Boron and Silicon Boron constitutes less than 0.001% by weight of the earth’s crust. In nature, it only occurs in compounds with oxygen. Boron is widely distributed in volcanic regions as boric acid, B(OH)3, and in dry lake regions, inc...	[ "Oxygen.", "Helium.", "Nitrogen.", "Carbon." ]	[ "Ossigeno.", "Elio.", "Azoto.", "Carbonio." ]
train-00016	What organ systems link exchange surfaces with cells throughout the body?	Quali sistemi organici collegano le superfici di scambio con le cellule in tutto il corpo?	{ "category": "question", "passage": "42.1 Circulatory systems link exchange surfaces with cells throughout the body.", "passage_translation": "42.1 I sistemi circolatori collegano le superfici di scambio con le cellule in tutto il corpo." }	[ "Circulatory.", "Vascular.", "Pulmonary.", "Nervous." ]	[ "Circolatorio.", "Vascolare.", "Polmonare.", "Nervoso." ]
train-00017	What occurs when the immune system attacks a harmless substance that enters the body from the outside?	Cosa accade quando il sistema immunitario attacca una sostanza innocua che entra nel corpo dall'esterno?	{ "category": "question", "passage": "An allergy occurs when the immune system attacks a harmless substance that enters the body from the outside. A substance that causes an allergy is called an allergen. It is the immune system, not the allergen, that causes the symptoms of an allergy.", "passage_translation": "...	[ "Allergy.", "Panic attack.", "Nausea.", "Plague." ]	[ "Allergia.", "Attacco di panico.", "Nausea.", "Peste." ]
train-00018	Fertilization is the union of a sperm and egg, resulting in the formation of what?	La fertilizzazione è l'unione di uno spermatozoo e di un ovulo, che porta alla formazione di cosa?	{ "category": "question", "passage": "Fertilization is the union of a sperm and egg, resulting in the formation of a zygote.", "passage_translation": "La fertilizzazione è l'unione di uno spermatozoo e di un ovulo, che porta alla formazione di uno zigote." }	[ "A zygote.", "A cytoplasm.", "A nuclei.", "A bacteriophage." ]	[ "Uno zigote.", "Un citoplasma.", "Un nucleo.", "Un batteriofago." ]
train-00019	The plants alternation between haploid and diploud generations allow it to do what?	L'alternanza delle generazioni haploidi e diploidi delle piante consente di fare cosa?	{ "category": "question", "passage": "All plants have a characteristic life cycle that includes alternation of generations . Plants alternate between haploid and diploid generations. Alternation of generations allows for both asexual and sexual reproduction. Asexual reproduction with spores produces haploid individ...	[ "Reproduce asexually and sexually.", "Reproduce asexually and simultaneously.", "Reproduce sexually and autonomously.", "Reproduce asexually and biologically." ]	[ "Riprodursi in modo asessuale e sessuale.", "Riprodursi in modo asessuale e simultaneamente.", "Riprodursi sessualmente e autonomamente.", "Riprodursi in modo asessuale e biologico." ]
train-00020	Most of the chemical reactions in the body are facilitated by what?	La maggior parte delle reazioni chimiche nel corpo sono facilitate da cosa?	{ "category": "question", "passage": "Enzymes are critical to the body’s healthy functioning. They assist, for example, with the breakdown of food and its conversion to energy. In fact, most of the chemical reactions in the body are facilitated by enzymes.", "passage_translation": "Gli enzimi sono fondamentali pe...	[ "Enzymes.", "Proteins.", "Vitamins.", "Carbohydrates." ]	[ "Enzimi.", "Proteine.", "Vitamine.", "Carboidrati." ]
train-00021	What is the termination of a pregnancy in progress called?	Come si chiama l'interruzione di una gravidanza in corso?	{ "category": "question", "passage": "", "passage_translation": "" }	[ "Abortion.", "Contraception.", "Miscarriage.", "Delivery." ]	[ "Aborto.", "Contraccezione.", "Abortire.", "Parto." ]
train-00022	Cutting down on the use of chemical fertilizers and preserving wetlands are ways to prevent what "unlivable" regions in bodies of water?	Ridurre l'uso di fertilizzanti chimici e preservare le zone umide sono modi per prevenire quali regioni "inabitabili" nei corpi idrici?	{ "category": "question", "passage": "Cutting down on the use of chemical fertilizers is one way to prevent dead zones in bodies of water. Preserving wetlands is also important. Wetlands are habitats such as swamps, marshes, and bogs where the ground is soggy or covered with water much of the year. Wetlands slow do...	[ "Dead zones.", "Inhabitable zones.", "Hostile zones.", "Fresh zones." ]	[ "Zone morte.", "Zone inabitabili.", "Zone ostili.", "Zone fresche." ]
train-00023	Which muscles allow your fingers to also make precise movements for actions?	Quali muscoli permettono alle tue dita di compiere anche movimenti precisi per le azioni?	{ "category": "question", "passage": "Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand The intrinsic muscles of the hand both originate and insert within it (Figure 11.28). These muscles allow your fingers to also make precise movements for actions, such as typing or writing. These muscles are divided into three groups. The thenar mu...	[ "Intrinsic muscles.", "Paired muscles.", "Motoric muscles.", "Fine movement muscles." ]	[ "Muscoli intrinseci.", "Muscoli accoppiati.", "Muscoli motori.", "Muscoli di movimento fine." ]
train-00024	Testing what usually requires making observations or performing experiments?	Testare cosa richiede solitamente di fare osservazioni o eseguire esperimenti?	{ "category": "question", "passage": "Usually, testing a hypothesis requires making observations or performing experiments. In this case, we will look into existing scientific literature to see if either of these hypotheses can be disproved, or if one or both can be supported by the data.", "passage_translation":...	[ "Hypothesis.", "Variables.", "Conclusion.", "Homeostasis." ]	[ "Ipotesi.", "Variabili.", "Conclusione.", "Omeostasi." ]
train-00025	This sharing of electrons produces what is known as a covalent bond. Covalent bonds are ~20 to 50 times stronger than what?	Questa condivisione di elettroni produce ciò che è noto come un legame covalente. I legami covalenti sono ~20 a 50 volte più forti di cosa?	{ "category": "question", "passage": "any other electron, they become a part of the molecule’s electron system.204 This sharing of electrons produces what is known as a covalent bond. Covalent bonds are ~20 to 50 times stronger than van der Waals interactions. What exactly does that mean? Basically, it takes 20 to ...	[ "Van der waals interactions.", "Mendelian systems.", "Newton's third law.", "Gravitational pull." ]	[ "Interazioni di Van der Waals.", "Sistemi mendeliani.", "La terza legge di Newton.", "Attrazione gravitazionale." ]
train-00026	Water molecules move about continuously due to what type of energy?	Le molecole d'acqua si muovono continuamente a causa di che tipo di energia?	{ "category": "question", "passage": "Water molecules move about continuously due to their kinetic energy. When a crystal of sodium chloride is placed into water, the water’s molecules collide with the crystal lattice. Recall that the crystal lattice is composed of alternating positive and negative ions. Water is a...	[ "Kinetic.", "Seismic.", "Potential.", "Optical." ]	[ "Cinetica.", "Sismica.", "Potenziale.", "Ottica." ]
train-00027	A small scale version of what type of map displays individual rock units?	Una versione in scala ridotta di che tipo di mappa mostra singole unità rocciose?	{ "category": "question", "passage": "Geologic maps display rock units and geologic features. A small scale map displays individual rock units while a large scale map shows geologic provinces.", "passage_translation": "Le mappe geologiche mostrano unità rocciose e caratteristiche geologiche. Una mappa in scala ri...	[ "Geologic map.", "Seismic map.", "Geographic map.", "Polar map." ]	[ "Mappa geologica.", "Mappa sismica.", "Mappa geografica.", "Mappa polare." ]
train-00028	What is defined as a change in the inherited traits of organisms over time?	Cosa è definito come un cambiamento nei tratti ereditari degli organismi nel tempo?	{ "category": "question", "passage": "One idea is that evolution happens. Evolution is a change in the inherited traits of organisms over time. Living things have changed as descendants diverged from common ancestors in the past.", "passage_translation": "Un'idea è che l'evoluzione avvenga. L'evoluzione è un camb...	[ "Evolution.", "Variation.", "Divergence.", "Generation." ]	[ "Evoluzione.", "Variazione.", "Divergenza.", "Generazione." ]
train-00029	What hormone, which is associated with luteinizing hormone and male sexuality, helps bring about physical changes in puberty?	Quale ormone, associato all'ormone luteinizzante e alla sessualità maschile, aiuta a portare a cambiamenti fisici durante la pubertà?	{ "category": "question", "passage": "What causes puberty to begin? The hypothalamus in the brain “tells” the pituitary gland to secrete hormones that target the testes. The main pituitary hormone involved is luteinizing hormone (LH) . It stimulates the testes to secrete testosterone. Testosterone, in turn, promote...	[ "Testosterone.", "Steroids.", "Epinephrine.", "Estrogen." ]	[ "Testosterone.", "Steroidici.", "Epinefrina.", "Estrogeno." ]
train-00030	Where do angiosperms produce seeds in flowers?	Dove producono i semi le angiosperme nei fiori?	{ "category": "question", "passage": "Seed plants called angiosperms produce seeds in the ovaries of flowers.", "passage_translation": "Le piante da seme chiamate angiosperme producono semi nelle ovaie dei fiori." }	[ "Ovaries.", "Germs.", "Cones.", "Testes." ]	[ "Ovaie.", "Germogli.", "Coni.", "Testicoli." ]
train-00031	In order to create food, what do photosynthetic protists use?	Per creare cibo, cosa usano i protisti fotosintetici?	{ "category": "question", "passage": "Photosynthetic protists use light energy to make food. They are major producers in aquatic ecosystems.", "passage_translation": "I protisti fotosintetici usano l'energia luminosa per produrre cibo. Sono produttori principali negli ecosistemi acquatici." }	[ "Light energy.", "Thermal energy.", "Hydrocarbons.", "Decayed matter." ]	[ "Energia luminosa.", "Energia termica.", "Idrocarburi.", "Materia decomposta." ]
train-00032	What type of vertebrates are birds?	Che tipo di vertebrati sono gli uccelli?	{ "category": "question", "passage": "Birds are endothermic tetrapod vertebrates. They are bipedal, which means they walk on two legs. Birds also lay amniotic eggs, and the eggs have hard, calcium carbonate shells. Although birds are the most recent class of vertebrates to evolve, they are now the most numerous ver...	[ "Endothermic tetrapod.", "Epidermal tetrapod.", "Invertebrates.", "Exothermic." ]	[ "Tetrapodi endotermici.", "Tetrapodi epidermici.", "Invertebrati.", "Ectotermi." ]
train-00033	What type of ions do ionic compounds contain?	Che tipo di ioni contengono i composti ionici?	{ "category": "question", "passage": "An ionic compound contains positive and negative ions.", "passage_translation": "Un composto ionico contiene ioni positivi e negativi." }	[ "Positive and negative.", "Regular and irregular.", "Positive and charged.", "Negative and neutal." ]	[ "Positivi e negativi.", "Regolari e irregolari.", "Positivi e caricati.", "Negativi e neutri." ]
train-00034	All living things need air and this to survive?	Tutti gli esseri viventi hanno bisogno d'aria e di questo per sopravvivere?	{ "category": "question", "passage": "", "passage_translation": "" }	[ "Water.", "Stimuli.", "Habitat.", "Ecosystem." ]	[ "Acqua.", "Stimoli.", "Habitat.", "Ecosistema." ]
train-00035	The cells of all eukarya have a what?	Le cellule di tutti gli eucarioti hanno cosa?	{ "category": "question", "passage": "Some Eukarya are also single-celled, but many are multicellular. Some have a cell wall; others do not. However, the cells of all Eukarya have a nucleus and other organelles.", "passage_translation": "Alcuni eucarioti sono anche unicellulari, ma molti sono multicellulari. Alcu...	[ "Nucleus.", "Chloroplast.", "Epidermis.", "Necrosis." ]	[ "Nucleo.", "Cloroplasto.", "Epidermide.", "Necrosi." ]
train-00036	What type of plate boundaries produce huge mountain ranges in the ocean basin?	Quale tipo di confini delle placche produce enormi catene montuose nel bacino oceanico?	{ "category": "question", "passage": "Divergent plate boundaries produce huge mountain ranges under water in every ocean basin.", "passage_translation": "I confini delle placche divergenti producono enormi catene montuose sott'acqua in ogni bacino oceanico." }	[ "Divergent.", "Coherent.", "Parallel.", "Tractional." ]	[ "Divergente.", "Coerente.", "Parallelo.", "Tractionale." ]
train-00037	Interstitial carbides are produced by the reaction of most transition metals at high temperatures with what element?	I carburi interstiziali sono prodotti dalla reazione della maggior parte dei metalli di transizione ad alte temperature con quale elemento?	{ "category": "question", "passage": "temperatures with electropositive metals such as those of groups 1 and 2 and aluminum produces ionic carbides, which contain discrete metal cations and carbon anions. The identity of the anions depends on the size of the second element. For example, smaller elements such as ber...	[ "Carbon.", "Hydrogen.", "Oxygen.", "Nitrogen." ]	[ "Carbonio.", "Idrogeno.", "Ossigeno.", "Azoto." ]
train-00039	What are the sites of protein synthesis or assembly?	Quali sono i siti di sintesi o assemblaggio delle proteine?	{ "category": "question", "passage": "Ribosomes are small organelles and are the sites of protein synthesis (or assembly). They are made of ribosomal protein and ribosomal RNA, and are found in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. Unlike other organelles, ribosomes are not surrounded by a membrane. Each ribosome ...	[ "Ribosomes.", "Chloroplasts.", "Chromosomes.", "Plasma." ]	[ "Ribosomi.", "Cloroplasti.", "Cromosomi.", "Plasma." ]
train-00040	What must replicate in the cell cycle before meiosis i takes place?	Cosa deve replicarsi nel ciclo cellulare prima che abbia luogo la meiosi I?	{ "category": "question", "passage": "Meiosis I begins after DNA replicates during interphase of the cell cycle. In both meiosis I and meiosis II , cells go through the same four phases as mitosis - prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase. However, there are important differences between meiosis I and mitosis. ...	[ "Dna.", "Cell walls.", "Sperm.", "Meiotic fluid." ]	[ "Dna.", "Pareti cellulari.", "Spermatozoi.", "Fluido meiotico." ]
train-00041	What phenomenon is primarily the result of plate tectonic motions?	Quale fenomeno è principalmente il risultato dei movimenti tettonici delle placche?	{ "category": "question", "passage": "Earthquakes are primarily the result of plate tectonic motions. What type of stress would cause earthquakes at each of the three types of plate boundaries?.", "passage_translation": "I terremoti sono principalmente il risultato dei movimenti tettonici delle placche. Che tipo ...	[ "Earthquake.", "Eruption.", "Tsunamis.", "Volcanoes." ]	[ "Terremoto.", "Eruzione.", "Tsunami.", "Vulcani." ]
train-00042	What is a group of neuron cell bodies in the periphery called?	Qual è il nome di un gruppo di corpi cellulari neuronali nella periferia?	{ "category": "question", "passage": "Ganglia A ganglion is a group of neuron cell bodies in the periphery. Ganglia can be categorized, for the most part, as either sensory ganglia or autonomic ganglia, referring to their primary functions. The most common type of sensory ganglion is a dorsal (posterior) root gangl...	[ "Ganglion.", "Crystals.", "Organism.", "Gangism." ]	[ "Ganglio.", "Cristalli.", "Organismo.", "Gangismo." ]
train-00043	Where does most of our food come from?	Da dove proviene la maggior parte del nostro cibo?	{ "category": "question", "passage": "", "passage_translation": "" }	[ "Angiosperms.", "Microbes.", "Lichen.", "Gymnosperms." ]	[ "Angiosperme.", "Microbi.", "Licheni.", "Gimnosperme." ]
train-00044	Gases are most ideal at high temperature and what pressure?	I gas sono più ideali ad alta temperatura e a quale pressione?	{ "category": "question", "passage": "Under what conditions then, do gases behave least ideally? When a gas is put under high pressure, its molecules are forced closer together as the empty space between the particles is diminished. A decrease in the empty space means that the assumption that the volume of the part...	[ "Low.", "Absolute.", "High.", "Stable." ]	[ "Bassa.", "Assoluta.", "Alta.", "Stabile." ]
train-00045	Hard igneous rocks and easily dissolved sedimentary rocks respond very differently to what natural force?	Le rocce ignee dure e le rocce sedimentarie facilmente solubili rispondono in modo molto diverso a quale forza naturale?	{ "category": "question", "passage": "Each type of rock weathers in its own way. Certain types of rock are very resistant to weathering. Igneous rocks tend to weather slowly because they are hard. Water cannot easily penetrate them. Granite is a very stable igneous rock. Other types of rock are easily weathered bec...	[ "Weathering.", "Gravity.", "Sunlight.", "Evaporation." ]	[ "Erosione.", "Gravità.", "Luce solare.", "Evaporazione." ]
train-00046	A diet rich in calcium and what vitamin may reduce the risk of osteoporosis and related bone fractures?	Una dieta ricca di calcio e quale vitamina può ridurre il rischio di osteoporosi e fratture ossee correlate?	{ "category": "question", "passage": "Skeletal system problems include osteoporosis, bone fractures, and ligament sprains. A diet rick in calcium and vitamin D may reduce the risk of osteoporosis and related bone fractures. Following safe practices may also reduce the risk of fractures as well as sprains.", "pass...	[ "Vitamin d.", "Niacin.", "Vitamin a.", "Vitamin c." ]	[ "Vitamina D.", "Niacina.", "Vitamina A.", "Vitamina C." ]
train-00047	How many people die from air pollution each year?	Quante persone muoiono a causa dell'inquinamento atmosferico ogni anno?	{ "category": "question", "passage": "Air pollution is harmful to human beings and other living things. About 22 million people die from air pollution each year. Breathing polluted air increases the risk of developing lung diseases such as asthma and lung cancer. Breathing bad air also increases the chances of dyin...	[ "22 million.", "14 million.", "17 million.", "5 million." ]	[ "22 milioni.", "14 milioni.", "17 milioni.", "5 milioni." ]
train-00048	What substances serve as catalysts in most of the biochemical reactions that take place in organisms?	Quali sostanze fungono da catalizzatori nella maggior parte delle reazioni biochimiche che avvengono negli organismi?	{ "category": "question", "passage": "Enzymes are involved in most of the biochemical reactions that take place in organisms. About 4,000 such reactions are known to be catalyzed by enzymes, but the number may be even higher. Enzymes allow reactions to occur at the rate necessary for life.", "passage_translation"...	[ "Enzymes.", "Hormones.", "Carbohydrates.", "Iseotrops." ]	[ "Enzimi.", "Ormoni.", "Carboidrati.", "Iseotrops." ]
train-00049	The formation of an amalgam allows the metal to react with what?	La formazione di un amalgama consente al metallo di reagire con cosa?	{ "category": "question", "passage": "The metals of group 13 (Al, Ga, In, and Tl) are all reactive. However, passivation occurs as a tough, hard, thin film of the metal oxide forms upon exposure to air. Disruption of this film may counter the passivation, allowing the metal to react. One way to disrupt the film is ...	[ "Air and water.", "Helium and oxygen.", "Cloth and plastic.", "Blood and sweat." ]	[ "Aria e acqua.", "Elio e ossigeno.", "Tessuto e plastica.", "Sangue e sudore." ]
train-00050	A pulley changes the direction of the force t exerted by the cord without changing its what?	Una puleggia cambia la direzione della forza t esercitata dalla corda senza cambiare il suo cosa?	{ "category": "question", "passage": "automobile axle drives a wheel, which has a much larger diameter than the axle. The MA is less than 1. (c) An ordinary pulley is used to lift a heavy load. The pulley changes the direction of the force T exerted by the cord without changing its magnitude. Hence, this machine ha...	[ "Magnitude.", "Longitude.", "Latitude.", "Position." ]	[ "Magnitudine.", "Longitudine.", "Latitudine.", "Posizione." ]
train-00051	What is the name of the small bumps that contain taste buds and covers the tongue?	Qual è il nome delle piccole protuberanze che contengono le papille gustative e ricoprono la lingua?	{ "category": "question", "passage": "Figure 14.3 The Tongue The tongue is covered with small bumps, called papillae, which contain taste buds that are sensitive to chemicals in ingested food or drink. Different types of papillae are found in different regions of the tongue. The taste buds contain specialized gusta...	[ "Papillae.", "Lingual tonsils.", "Palatine tonsils.", "Cuticle." ]	[ "Papille.", "Tonsille linguali.", "Tonsille palatine.", "Cuticola." ]
train-00052	In the absence of air resistance, all falling objects accelerate at the same rate due to what force?	In assenza di resistenza dell'aria, tutti gli oggetti in caduta accelerano alla stessa velocità a causa di quale forza?	{ "category": "question", "passage": "What if you were to drop a bowling ball and a soccer ball at the same time from the same distance above the ground? The bowling ball has greater mass than the basketball, so the pull of gravity on it is greater. Would it fall to the ground faster? No, the bowling ball and baske...	[ "Gravity.", "Velocity.", "Weight.", "Motion." ]	[ "Gravità.", "Velocità.", "Peso.", "Movimento." ]
train-00053	The ability for a plasma membrane to only allow certain molecules in or out of the cell is referred to as what?	La capacità di una membrana plasmatica di consentire solo a determinate molecole di entrare o uscire dalla cellula è chiamata in che modo?	{ "category": "question", "passage": "The plasma membrane forms a barrier between the cytoplasm inside the cell and the environment outside the cell. It protects and supports the cell and also controls everything that enters and leaves the cell. It allows only certain substances to pass through, while keeping other...	[ "Selective permeability.", "Periodic permeability.", "Total permeability.", "Moderate permeability." ]	[ "Permeabilità selettiva.", "Permeabilità periodica.", "Permeabilità totale.", "Permeabilità moderata." ]
train-00054	In the presence of oxygen, hydrogen can interact to make what?	In presenza di ossigeno, l'idrogeno può interagire per creare cosa?	{ "category": "question", "passage": "A pile of leaves slowly rots in the backyard. In the presence of oxygen, hydrogen can interact to make water. Gold can be stretched into very thin wires.", "passage_translation": "Una pila di foglie marcisce lentamente nel cortile. In presenza di ossigeno, l'idrogeno può inte...	[ "Water.", "Carbon.", "Helium.", "Acid." ]	[ "Acqua.", "Carbonio.", "Elio.", "Acido." ]
train-00055	What galaxy is our solar system a part of?	Quale galassia fa parte del nostro sistema solare?	{ "category": "question", "passage": "Compared to Earth, the solar system is a big place. But galaxies are bigger - a lot bigger. A galaxy is a very large group of stars held together by gravity. How enormous a galaxy is and how many stars it contains are impossible for us to really understand. A galaxy contains up...	[ "Milky way.", "Centaurus.", "Andromeda.", "Bode's galaxy." ]	[ "Via Lattea.", "Centauro.", "Andromeda.", "Galassia di Bode." ]
train-00056	The angle at which light bends when it enters a different medium is known as what?	L'angolo in cui la luce si piega quando entra in un mezzo diverso è conosciuto come cosa?	{ "category": "question", "passage": "The angle at which light bends when it enters a different medium depends on its change in speed. The greater the change in speed, the greater the angle of refraction is. For example, light refracts more when it passes from air to diamond than it does when it passes from air to ...	[ "Refraction.", "Bounce.", "Frequency.", "Resonance." ]	[ "Rifrazione.", "Rimbalzo.", "Frequenza.", "Risonanza." ]
train-00057	Whether the organism is a bacterium, plant, or animal, all living things access energy by breaking down these?	Se l'organismo è un batterio, una pianta o un animale, tutti gli esseri viventi accedono all'energia scomponendo questi?	{ "category": "question", "passage": "The Energy Cycle Whether the organism is a bacterium, plant, or animal, all living things access energy by breaking down carbohydrate molecules. But if plants make carbohydrate molecules, why would they need to break them down, especially when it has been shown that the gas org...	[ "Carbohydrate molecules.", "Lipid molecules.", "Protein molecules.", "Oxygen molecules." ]	[ "Molecole di carboidrati.", "Molecole di lipidi.", "Molecole di proteine.", "Molecole di ossigeno." ]
train-00058	Increasing the temperature of n2 molecules increases what energy of motion?	L'aumento della temperatura delle molecole di n2 aumenta quale energia di movimento?	{ "category": "question", "passage": "Increasing the temperature increases the average kinetic energy of the N2molecules.", "passage_translation": "L'aumento della temperatura aumenta l'energia cinetica media delle molecole di N2." }	[ "Kinetic energy.", "Compression energy.", "Residual energy.", "Emotional energy." ]	[ "Energia cinetica.", "Energia di compressione.", "Energia residua.", "Energia emotiva." ]
train-00059	Which radio frequency should you listen to if you want less noise?	Quale frequenza radio dovresti ascoltare se vuoi meno rumore?	{ "category": "question", "passage": "FM radio is inherently less subject to noise from stray radio sources than AM radio. The reason is that amplitudes of waves add. So an AM receiver would interpret noise added onto the amplitude of its carrier wave as part of the information. An FM receiver can be made to reject...	[ "Fm.", "Am.", "Wave.", "Cb." ]	[ "Fm.", "Am.", "Wave.", "Cb." ]
train-00060	What form of radiation is the energy emitted by the sun?	Quale forma di radiazione è l'energia emessa dal sole?	{ "category": "question", "passage": "Figure 8.11 The sun emits energy in the form of electromagnetic radiation. This radiation exists at different wavelengths, each of which has its own characteristic energy. All electromagnetic radiation, including visible light, is characterized by its wavelength.", "passage_t...	[ "Electromagnetic.", "Seismic.", "Magnetic.", "Thermal." ]	[ "Elettromagnetica.", "Sismica.", "Magnetica.", "Termica." ]
train-00061	What is the suns innermost layer called?	Qual è il nome dello strato più interno del sole?	{ "category": "question", "passage": "The core is the Sun's innermost layer. The core is plasma. It has a temperature of around 15 million degrees Celsius (C). Nuclear fusion reactions create the immense temperature. In these reactions, hydrogen atoms fuse to form helium. This releases vast amounts of energy. The e...	[ "Core.", "Surface.", "Solar.", "Flare." ]	[ "Nucleo.", "Superficie.", "Solare.", "Eruzione." ]
train-00062	A growth spurt requires constant divisions of what?	Una crescita rapida richiede divisioni costanti di cosa?	{ "category": "question", "passage": "To grow and develop, you must form new cells. Imagine how often your cells must divide during a growth spurt. Growing just an inch requires countless cell divisions. Your body must produce new bone cells, new skin cells, new cells in your blood vessels and so on.", "passage_t...	[ "Cells.", "Hairs.", "Seeds.", "Proteins." ]	[ "Cellule.", "Capelli.", "Semi.", "Proteine." ]
train-00063	What's the term for the gradual progression from simple plants to larger more complex ones in an area?	Qual è il termine per la progressione graduale da piante semplici a piante più grandi e complesse in un'area?	{ "category": "question", "passage": "The pioneer species is soon replaced by other populations. Abiotic factors such as soil quality, water, and climate will determine the species that continue the process of succession. Mosses and grasses will be able to grow in the newly created soil. During early succession, pl...	[ "Primary succession.", "Complex progression.", "Pattern progression.", "Primary pattern." ]	[ "Successione primaria.", "Progressione complessa.", "Progressione a schemi.", "Schema primario." ]
train-00064	Fungi may form mutualistic relationships with plants, algae, cyanobacteria, and what?	I funghi possono formare relazioni mutualistiche con piante, alghe, cianobatteri e cosa?	{ "category": "question", "passage": "", "passage_translation": "" }	[ "Animals.", "Plants.", "Farmers.", "Eggs." ]	[ "Animali.", "Piante.", "Agricoltori.", "Uova." ]
train-00065	Which cycle tracks the flow of nitrogen through an ecosystem?	Quale ciclo traccia il flusso di azoto attraverso un ecosistema?	{ "category": "question", "passage": "Mariana Ruiz Villarreal (LadyofHats) for CK-12 Foundation. The nitrogen cycle tracks the flow of nitrogen through an ecosystem . CC BY-NC 3.0.", "passage_translation": "Mariana Ruiz Villarreal (LadyofHats) per la CK-12 Foundation. Il ciclo dell'azoto traccia il flusso di azot...	[ "Nitrogen cycle.", "Nitrogen reaction.", "Water cycle.", "Life cycle." ]	[ "Ciclo dell'azoto.", "Reazione dell'azoto.", "Ciclo dell'acqua.", "Ciclo della vita." ]
train-00066	What consequence of a tornado is responsible for most injuries and deaths?	Quale conseguenza di un tornado è responsabile della maggior parte delle ferite e dei decessi?	{ "category": "question", "passage": "A tornado only strikes a small area. But it can destroy everything in its path. Most injuries and deaths from tornadoes are caused by flying debris ( Figure below ). In the United States, an average of 90 people are killed by tornadoes each year. The most violent two percent of...	[ "Flying debris.", "Catching debris.", "Touring debris.", "Falling debris." ]	[ "Detriti volanti.", "Catturare detriti.", "Touring detriti.", "Detriti che cadono." ]
train-00067	What are the only truly innate behaviors in humans called?	Quali sono i soli comportamenti veramente innati negli esseri umani?	{ "category": "question", "passage": "All animals have innate behaviors, even human beings. Can you think of human behaviors that do not have to be learned? Chances are, you will have a hard time thinking of any. The only truly innate behaviors in humans are called reflex behaviors . They occur mainly in babies. Li...	[ "Reflexes.", "Automatic movements.", "Flinches.", "Feats." ]	[ "Riflessi.", "Movimenti automatici.", "Sussulti.", "Imprese." ]
train-00068	What happens to the density of air as the altitude decreases?	Cosa succede alla densità dell'aria man mano che l'altitudine diminuisce?	{ "category": "question", "passage": "The pressure of the earth’s atmosphere, as with any fluid, increases with the height of the column of air. In the case of earth’s atmosphere, there are some complications. The density of the air is not uniform but decreases with altitude. Additionally there is no distinct top s...	[ "Decreases.", "Multiplies.", "Remains the same.", "Increases." ]	[ "Diminuisce.", "Moltiplica.", "Rimane la stessa.", "Aumenta." ]
train-00069	How do some animals change their depth?	Come fanno alcuni animali a cambiare la loro profondità?	{ "category": "question", "passage": "Some animals change their depth by changing their density. Recall that things that are denser than their surroundings sink while those that are less dense than their surroundings float. Most fish have a swim bladder, a special sac that is filled with gases from their blood. Whe...	[ "By changing their density.", "Mass migration.", "Metamorphosis.", "Spontaneous mutations." ]	[ "Cambiando la loro densità.", "Migrazione di massa.", "Metamorfosi.", "Mutazioni spontanee." ]
train-00070	What phenomenon is crowding out other species and making all the other causes of extinction worse?	Quale fenomeno sta soppiantando altre specie e rendendo tutte le altre cause di estinzione peggiori?	{ "category": "question", "passage": "Human overpopulation, which is crowding out other species. It also makes all the other causes of extinction worse.", "passage_translation": "La sovrappopolazione umana, che sta soppiantando altre specie. Rende anche tutte le altre cause di estinzione peggiori." }	[ "Human overpopulation.", "Climate change.", "Human suburbanization.", "Migration." ]	[ "Sovrappopolazione umana.", "Cambiamento climatico.", "Suburbanizzazione umana.", "Migrazione." ]
train-00071	Dessication is an extreme and usually fatal form of what in animals?	La disidratazione è una forma estrema e di solito fatale di cosa negli animali?	{ "category": "question", "passage": "", "passage_translation": "" }	[ "Dehydration.", "Diarrhea.", "Depletion.", "Starvation." ]	[ "Disidratazione.", "Diarrea.", "Esaurimento.", "Fame." ]
train-00072	Internal and external forms of what life process occur as simple diffusion due to a partial pressure gradient?	Quali forme interne ed esterne di quale processo vitale si verificano come diffusione semplice a causa di un gradiente di pressione parziale?	{ "category": "question", "passage": "Internal Respiration Internal respiration is gas exchange that occurs at the level of body tissues (Figure 22.23). Similar to external respiration, internal respiration also occurs as simple diffusion due to a partial pressure gradient. However, the partial pressure gradients a...	[ "Respiration.", "Reproduction.", "Metabolism.", "Photosynthesis." ]	[ "Respirazione.", "Riproduzione.", "Metabolismo.", "Fotosintesi." ]
train-00073	The fossil record shows that this type of event is followed by the evolution of new species to fill the habitats where old species lived?	Il record fossile mostra che questo tipo di evento è seguito dall'evoluzione di nuove specie per riempire gli habitat in cui vivevano le vecchie specie?	{ "category": "question", "passage": "After each mass extinction, new species evolve to fill the habitats where old species lived. This is well documented in the fossil record.", "passage_translation": "Dopo ogni estinzione di massa, nuove specie evolvono per riempire gli habitat in cui vivevano le vecchie specie...	[ "Mass extinction.", "Minor extinction.", "Moderate extinction.", "Formation extinction." ]	[ "Estinzione di massa.", "Estinzione minore.", "Estinzione moderata.", "Estinzione di formazione." ]
train-00074	Soluble minerals and clays accumulate in what soil layer, allowing it to hold more water?	I minerali solubili e le argille si accumulano in quale strato del suolo, permettendogli di trattenere più acqua?	{ "category": "question", "passage": "Below the topsoil is the “B” horizon. This is also called the subsoil . Soluble minerals and clays accumulate in the subsoil. Because it has less organic material, this layer is lighter brown in color than topsoil. It also holds more water due to the presence of iron and clay. ...	[ "Subsoil.", "Silt.", "Subsurface.", "Topsoil." ]	[ "Strato di sottosuolo.", "Limo.", "Strato sottostante.", "Strato superficiale." ]
train-00075	What is the common word for potential difference in a circuit?	Qual è la parola comune per differenza di potenziale in un circuito?	{ "category": "question", "passage": "Conceptual Questions 19.1 Electric Potential Energy: Potential Difference 1. Voltage is the common word for potential difference. Which term is more descriptive, voltage or potential difference? 2. If the voltage between two points is zero, can a test charge be moved between th...	[ "Voltage.", "Watt.", "Velocity.", "Frequency." ]	[ "Tensione.", "Watt.", "Velocità.", "Frequenza." ]
train-00076	How many chambers does the stomach of a crocodile have?	Quante camere ha lo stomaco di un coccodrillo?	{ "category": "question", "passage": "The crocodilian digestive system is highly adapted to their lifestyle. Crocodilians are known to swallow stones, known as gastroliths , which help digest their prey. The crocodilian stomach is divided into two chambers. The first is powerful and muscular. The other stomach is t...	[ "Two.", "Six.", "Ten.", "Three." ]	[ "Due.", "Sei.", "Dieci.", "Tre." ]
train-00077	When populations get close to the carrying capacity, what happens to growth?	Cosa succede alla crescita quando le popolazioni si avvicinano alla capacità di carico?	{ "category": "question", "passage": "Populations usually grow bigger when they have what they need. How fast they grow depends on birth and death rates. They grow more slowly as they get close to the carrying capacity. This is the biggest population the environment can support.", "passage_translation": "Le popol...	[ "Slows.", "Halts.", "Dies.", "Spikes." ]	[ "Rallenta.", "Si ferma.", "Muore.", "Aumenta improvvisamente." ]
train-00078	Although air can transfer heat rapidly by convection, it is a poor conductor and thus a good what?	Sebbene l'aria possa trasferire calore rapidamente per convezione, è un cattivo conduttore e quindi un buon cosa?	{ "category": "question", "passage": "Although air can transfer heat rapidly by convection, it is a poor conductor and thus a good insulator. The amount of available space for airflow determines whether air acts as an insulator or conductor. The space between the inside and outside walls of a house, for example, is...	[ "Insulator.", "Magnet.", "Absorber.", "Transporter." ]	[ "Isolante.", "Magnete.", "Assorbitore.", "Trasportatore." ]
train-00079	Most plants grow continuously, except for what periods?	La maggior parte delle piante cresce continuamente, tranne per quali periodi?	{ "category": "question", "passage": "", "passage_translation": "" }	[ "Dormant.", "Abnormal.", "Mutant.", "Winter." ]	[ "Dormiente.", "Anormale.", "Mutante.", "Inverno." ]
train-00080	What man-made devices in space are used to observe the earth's surface?	Quali dispositivi artificiali nello spazio vengono utilizzati per osservare la superficie terrestre?	{ "category": "question", "passage": "Observations can happen on many scales. You can use a microscope to observe tiny things. You can use a telescope to observe distant things in space. To learn about the effects of climate change, you could observe Earth's surface. How would you make observations of Earth's surfa...	[ "Satellites.", "Crystals.", "Telescopes.", "Sensors." ]	[ "Satellite.", "Cristalli.", "Telescopi.", "Sensori." ]
train-00081	Carboxylic acids are weak acids, meaning they are not 100% ionized in what?	Gli acidi carbossilici sono acidi deboli, il che significa che non sono ionizzati al 100% in cosa?	{ "category": "question", "passage": "Carboxylic acids are weak acids (see the chapter on acids and bases), meaning they are not 100% ionized in water. Generally only about 1% of the molecules of a carboxylic acid dissolved in water are ionized at any given time. The remaining molecules are undissociated in solutio...	[ "Water.", "Air.", "Ethanol.", "Liquid." ]	[ "Acqua.", "Aria.", "Etanolo.", "Liquido." ]
train-00082	An endocrine disease usually involves the secretion of too much or not enough of what?	Una malattia endocrina di solito comporta la secrezione di troppo o non abbastanza di cosa?	{ "category": "question", "passage": "Diseases of the endocrine system are relatively common. An endocrine disease usually involves the secretion of too much or not enough hormone. When too much hormone is secreted, it is called hypersecretion. When not enough hormone is secreted, it is called hyposecretion.", "p...	[ "Hormone.", "Enzyme.", "Metabolite.", "Sweat." ]	[ "Ormone.", "Enzima.", "Metabolita.", "Sudore." ]
train-00083	In experiments with garden peas, austrian monk gregor mendel described the basic patterns of what?	Negli esperimenti con i piselli da giardino, il monaco austriaco Gregor Mendel descrisse i modelli di base di cosa?	{ "category": "question", "passage": "For thousands of years, humans have understood that characteristics such as eye color, hair color, or even flower color are passed from one generation to the next. The passing of characteristics from parent to offspring is called heredity . Humans have long been interested in u...	[ "Inheritance.", "Behavior.", "Preference.", "Color." ]	[ "Eredità.", "Comportamento.", "Preferenza.", "Colore." ]
train-00084	Nutrition and diet affect your metabolism. More energy is required to break down fats and proteins than this?	La nutrizione e la dieta influenzano il tuo metabolismo. È necessaria più energia per scomporre grassi e proteine rispetto a questo?	{ "category": "question", "passage": "24.7 Nutrition and Diet Nutrition and diet affect your metabolism. More energy is required to break down fats and proteins than carbohydrates; however, all excess calories that are ingested will be stored as fat in the body. On average, a person requires 1500 to 2000 calories f...	[ "Carbohydrates.", "Vitamins.", "Electrolytes.", "Minerals." ]	[ "Carboidrati.", "Vitamine.", "Elettroliti.", "Minerali." ]
train-00085	What are unsaturated hydrocarbons with at least one double bond between carbon atoms called?	Quali sono gli idrocarburi insaturi con almeno un legame doppio tra atomi di carbonio?	{ "category": "question", "passage": "Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons with at least one double bond between carbon atoms.", "passage_translation": "Gli alcheni sono idrocarburi insaturi con almeno un legame doppio tra atomi di carbonio." }	[ "Alkenes.", "Amines.", "Enzymes.", "Peptides." ]	[ "Alcheni.", "Amine.", "Enzimi.", "Peptidi." ]
train-00086	What is the opposite of melting?	Qual è l'opposto di scioglimento?	{ "category": "question", "passage": "All of the changes of state that occur between solid, liquid and gas are summarized in the diagram in the figure below. Freezing is the opposite of melting and both represent the equilibrium between the solid and liquid states. Evaporation occurs when a liquid turns to a gas. C...	[ "Freezing.", "Evaporation.", "Liquidation.", "Compression." ]	[ "Congelamento.", "Evaporazione.", "Liquidazione.", "Compressione." ]
train-00088	Most of the pathogens that cause stis enter the body through mucous membranes of which organs?	La maggior parte dei patogeni che causano le IST entra nel corpo attraverso le membrane mucose di quali organi?	{ "category": "question", "passage": "Most of the pathogens that cause STIs enter the body through mucous membranes of the reproductive organs. All sexual behaviors that involve contact between mucous membranes put a person at risk for infection. This includes vaginal, anal, and oral sexual behaviors. Many STIs can...	[ "Reproductive organs.", "Eyes.", "Kidneys.", "Stomach." ]	[ "Organi riproduttivi.", "Occhi.", "Reni.", "Stomaco." ]
train-00089	The activation of what kind of buds induces branching?	L'attivazione di che tipo di gemme induce la ramificazione?	{ "category": "question", "passage": "", "passage_translation": "" }	[ "Axillary buds.", "Lymphatic buds.", "Leafy buds.", "Arterial buds." ]	[ "Gemme ascellari.", "Gemme linfatiche.", "Gemme fogliari.", "Gemme arteriose." ]
train-00090	Sexual reproduction involves haploid gametes and produces a diploid zygote through what process?	La riproduzione sessuale coinvolge gameti aploidi e produce uno zigote diploide attraverso quale processo?	{ "category": "question", "passage": "Sexual reproduction involves haploid gametes and produces a diploid zygote through fertilization.", "passage_translation": "La riproduzione sessuale coinvolge gameti aploidi e produce uno zigote diploide attraverso la fertilizzazione." }	[ "Fertilization.", "Infection.", "Vivisection.", "Sedimentation." ]	[ "Fertilizzazione.", "Infezione.", "Vivisezione.", "Sedimentazione." ]
train-00091	All alkanes are composed of carbon and hydrogen atoms, and have similar bonds, structures, and formulas; noncyclic alkanes all have a formula of cnh2n+2. The number of carbon atoms present in an alkane has what?	Tutti gli alcani sono composti da atomi di carbonio e idrogeno, e hanno legami, strutture e formule simili; gli alcani non ciclici hanno tutti una formula di CnH2n+2. Il numero di atomi di carbonio presenti in un alcano ha cosa?	{ "category": "question", "passage": "All alkanes are composed of carbon and hydrogen atoms, and have similar bonds, structures, and formulas; noncyclic alkanes all have a formula of CnH2n+2. The number of carbon atoms present in an alkane has no limit. Greater numbers of atoms in the molecules will lead to stronge...	[ "No limit.", "Done limit.", "Crippling limit.", "Such limit." ]	[ "Nessun limite.", "Limite fatto.", "Limite debilitante.", "Tale limite." ]
train-00092	What percentage of men suffer from some form of erectile dysfunction by age 40?	Quale percentuale di uomini soffre di qualche forma di disfunzione erettile entro i 40 anni?	{ "category": "question", "passage": "Male Reproductive System Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a condition in which a man has difficulty either initiating or maintaining an erection. The combined prevalence of minimal, moderate, and complete ED is approximately 40 percent in men at age 40, and reaches nearly 70 percen...	[ "Approximately 40 percent.", "Approximately 60 percent.", "Approximately 10 percent.", "Approximately 80 percent." ]	[ "Circa il 40 percento.", "Circa il 60 percento.", "Circa il 10 percento.", "Circa l'80 percento." ]
train-00093	What secures together immovable joints and prevents them from moving?	Cosa tiene insieme le articolazioni immobili e ne impedisce il movimento?	{ "category": "question", "passage": "Immovable joints allow no movement because the bones at these joints are held securely together by dense collagen . The bones of the skull are connected by immovable joints.", "passage_translation": "Le articolazioni immobili non consentono alcun movimento perché le ossa in q...	[ "Dense collagen.", "Light collagen.", "Light cartilage.", "Dense cartilage." ]	[ "Collagene denso.", "Collagene leggero.", "Cartilagine leggera.", "Cartilagine densa." ]
train-00094	Transform faults are the site of massive what?	Le faglie trasformative sono il sito di massicci cosa?	{ "category": "question", "passage": "Transform faults are the site of massive earthquakes.", "passage_translation": "Le faglie trasformative sono il sito di massicci terremoti." }	[ "Earthquakes.", "Vibrations.", "Storms.", "Tornadoes." ]	[ "Terremoti.", "Vibrazioni.", "Tempeste.", "Tornado." ]
train-00095	When water goes above and below its freezing point, what rock-breaking phenomenon is common?	Quando l'acqua supera e scende al di sotto del suo punto di congelamento, quale fenomeno di rottura delle rocce è comune?	{ "category": "question", "passage": "Rocks can break apart into smaller pieces in many ways. Ice wedging is common where water goes above and below its freezing point ( Figure below ). This can happen in winter in the mid-latitudes or in colder climates in summer. Ice wedging is common in mountainous regions like ...	[ "Ice wedging.", "Ice locking.", "Ice inverting.", "Ice crushing." ]	[ "Incastonamento del ghiaccio.", "Blocco del ghiaccio.", "Inversione del ghiaccio.", "Frantumazione del ghiaccio." ]
train-00096	The diatoms are unicellular photosynthetic protists that encase themselves in intricately patterned, glassy cell walls composed of silicon dioxide in a matrix of organic particles. These protists are a component of freshwater and these?	Le diatomee sono protisti fotosintetici unicellulari che si racchiudono in pareti cellulari di vetro finemente decorate, composte da biossido di silicio in una matrice di particelle organiche. Questi protisti sono un componente delle acque dolci e di che cosa?	{ "category": "question", "passage": "The diatoms are unicellular photosynthetic protists that encase themselves in intricately patterned, glassy cell walls composed of silicon dioxide in a matrix of organic particles (Figure 23.18). These protists are a component of freshwater and marine plankton. Most species of ...	[ "Marine plankton.", "Waste plankton.", "Land plankton.", "Source plankton." ]	[ "Plankton marino.", "Plankton di scarto.", "Plankton terrestre.", "Plankton sorgente." ]
train-00097	What type of reactions form compounds?	Che tipo di reazioni formano composti?	{ "category": "question", "passage": "A compound is a unique substance that forms when two or more elements combine chemically. Compounds form as a result of chemical reactions. The elements in compounds are held together by chemical bonds. A chemical bond is a force of attraction between atoms or ions that share o...	[ "Chemical reactions.", "Mineral reactions.", "Consumption reactions.", "Physical reactions." ]	[ "Reazioni chimiche.", "Reazioni minerali.", "Reazioni di consumo.", "Reazioni fisiche." ]
train-00098	Millions of years ago, plants used energy from the sun to form what?	Milioni di anni fa, le piante utilizzavano l'energia del sole per formare cosa?	{ "category": "question", "passage": "Fossil fuels include coal, oil, and natural gas. Fossil fuels are the greatest energy source for modern society. Millions of years ago, plants used energy from the Sun to form carbon compounds. These compounds were later transformed into coal, oil, or natural gas. Fossil fuels ...	[ "Carbon compounds.", "Fossil fuels.", "Evolution.", "Greenhouse gases." ]	[ "Composti di carbonio.", "Combustibili fossili.", "Evoluzione.", "Gas serra." ]
train-00099	What is the term for the process in which living things with beneficial traits produce more offspring than others do?	Qual è il termine per il processo in cui gli esseri viventi con tratti benefici producono più prole rispetto ad altri?	{ "category": "question", "passage": "The other idea is that evolution occurs by natural selection. Natural selection is the process in which living things with beneficial traits produce more offspring than others do. This results in changes in the traits of living things over time.", "passage_translation": "L'al...	[ "Natural selection.", "Natural process.", "Natural survival.", "Natural variety." ]	[ "Selezione naturale.", "Processo naturale.", "Sopravvivenza naturale.", "Varietà naturale." ]
train-00100	In a chemical reaction, the amounts of reactants and products will be constant when what state is attained?	In una reazione chimica, le quantità di reagenti e prodotti saranno costanti quando quale stato viene raggiunto?	{ "category": "question", "passage": "The amount of reactants and products do not have to be equal. However, after equilibrium is attained, the amounts of reactants and products will be constant.", "passage_translation": "La quantità di reagenti e prodotti non deve essere uguale. Tuttavia, dopo che l'equilibrio è...	[ "Equilibrium.", "Saturation.", "Peak.", "Homogeneity." ]	[ "Equilibrio.", "Saturazione.", "Picco.", "Omogeneità." ]
train-00101	What protects a developing flower while it is still a bud?	Cosa protegge un fiore in via di sviluppo mentre è ancora un bocciolo?	{ "category": "question", "passage": "Sepals protect the developing flower while it is still a bud. Sepals are usually green, which camouflages the bud from possible consumers.", "passage_translation": "I sepali proteggono il fiore in via di sviluppo mentre è ancora un bocciolo. I sepali sono solitamente verdi, i...	[ "Sepals.", "Shell.", "Petals.", "Lobes." ]	[ "Sepali.", "Conchiglia.", "Petali.", "Lobi." ]

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SciQ - Italian (IT)

This dataset is an Italian translation of SciQ. SciQ is a dataset for scientific questions, which were semi-automatically generated from an existing set of questions. The dataset is designed to test the ability of models to answer questions that require scientific knowledge.

Dataset Details

The dataset consists of science-related questions, where each question is associated with a correct answer and three possible distractors. The task is to predict the correct answer to the question. The dataset also provides a support passage for most questions, which can be used to answer the question.

The dataset includes the following splits:

Train: 11,615 rows
Validation: 994 rows
Test: 995 rows

Differences with the original dataset

The number of instances in this dataset is smaller than the original dataset due to the translation process, during which some instances were filtered out.

Languages

This dataset is fully parallel between English and Italian. This allows us to have comparable evaluation setups and results across the two languages.

Translation Process

The translation has been carried out using 🍱 OBenTO, an open-source tool for LLM-based translation. The main motivation for using an open-source LLM is to encourage free, open, reproducible, and transparent research in LLM evaluation. See 🍱 OBenTO for more details on the translation process.

Other Information

Original dataset by: Welbl et al.
Translation by: Simone Conia
Languages: Italian, English
License: CC BY-NC 3.0

Dataset Format

This is an example that shows the format of the dataset, where:

id: a unique ID for each sample;
input: the original English sentence in the dataset;
input_translation: the translation of the sentence in Italian;
choices: the original English choices;
choices_translation: the translation of the choices in Italian;
label: the index of the correct answer.
metadata: additional information about the question, including the passage that should help with providing the answer.

Example of a question in SciQ

{
  "id": "validation-00002",
  "input": "A frameshift mutation is a deletion or insertion of one or more of what that changes the reading frame of the base sequence?",
  "input_translation": "Una mutazione di spostamento del fotogramma è una delezione o un'inserzione di uno o più di cosa che cambia il fotogramma di lettura della sequenza di basi?",
  "label": 0,
  "choices": [
    "Nucleotides.",
    "Proteins.",
    "Carotenoids.",
    "Genes."
  ],
  "choices_translation": [
    "Nucleotidi.",
    "Proteine.",
    "Carotenoidi.",
    "Genomi."
  ],
  "metadata": {
    "category": "question",
    "passage": "A frameshift mutation is a deletion or insertion of one or more nucleotides that changes the reading frame of the base sequence. Deletions remove nucleotides, and insertions add nucleotides. Consider the following sequence of bases in RNA:.",
    "passage_translation": "Una mutazione di spostamento del fotogramma è una delezione o un'inserzione di uno o più nucleotidi che cambia il fotogramma di lettura della sequenza di basi. Le delezioni rimuovono nucleotidi e le inserzioni aggiungono nucleotidi. Considera la seguente sequenza di basi nell'RNA:."
  }
}

License

The dataset is distributed under the CC BY-NC 3.0 license.

Acknowledgements

I would like to thank the authors of the original dataset for making it available to the research community. I would also like to thank Future AI Research for supporting this work and funding my research.