id stringlengths 36 36 | text stringlengths 88 999 | metadata stringlengths 408 443 | embedding stringlengths 9.43k 9.56k |
|---|---|---|---|
e483fb65-43b7-41de-bbb0-c62ec8341002 | Companion planting
Companion planting in gardening and agriculture is the planting of different crops in proximity for any of
a number of different reasons, including weed suppression, pest control, pollination, providing habitat for
beneficial insects, maximizing use of space, and to otherwise increase crop productivi... | {"loc": {"lines": {"to": 15, "from": 1}}, "pdf": {"info": {"Title": "Companion planting - Wikipedia", "Creator": "Chromium", "ModDate": "D:20250905161045+00'00'", "Producer": "Skia/PDF m139", "CreationDate": "D:20250905161045+00'00'", "IsXFAPresent": false, "PDFFormatVersion": "1.4", "IsAcroFormPresent": false}, "versi... | [0.04119518,0.064284,-0.21348761,-0.009424908,0.013094026,-0.021197395,0.013572826,-0.010773566,0.035102457,-0.011235624,0.019517409,-0.04353872,0.06487126,0.04445314,-0.021248613,0.018257214,-0.02496917,-0.044939928,0.00074110134,0.0070880624,0.00047068976,-0.009490894,0.019119706,-0.025836853,0.038541794,0.0302779,-0... |
6f980c40-a25a-469d-8ee3-bcebaba60c19 | forest gardens in Asia, and thousands of years ago in Mesoamerica. The technique may allow farmers to
reduce costly inputs of artificial fertilisers and pesticides.
Traditional practice
History
Companion planting was practiced in various forms by the indigenous peoples of the Americas prior to the
arrival of Europeans.... | {"loc": {"lines": {"to": 29, "from": 12}}, "pdf": {"info": {"Title": "Companion planting - Wikipedia", "Creator": "Chromium", "ModDate": "D:20250905161045+00'00'", "Producer": "Skia/PDF m139", "CreationDate": "D:20250905161045+00'00'", "IsXFAPresent": false, "PDFFormatVersion": "1.4", "IsAcroFormPresent": false}, "vers... | [0.07276378,0.046936937,-0.1994336,0.0054574786,0.0004628438,-0.02635499,-0.015834916,-0.006816422,0.01929576,0.011999964,0.01491493,-0.025050115,0.08370127,0.036796663,0.003856638,-0.01784591,-0.0151978545,5.5809225e-05,0.012739773,0.0244057,-0.033791743,0.035798497,0.014993086,0.013671718,0.016487282,-0.0059474176,-0... |
dc834d8d-e489-4d4b-996a-1f7db607691e | (allelopathic) to other plants nearby.
[7]
Theophrastus reported that the bay tree and the cabbage plant
enfeebled grapevines.
[8][9]
Pliny the Elder wrote that the "shade" of the walnut tree (Juglans regia) poisoned
other plants.
[10][9]
In China, mosquito ferns (Azolla spp.) have been used for at least a thousand y... | {"loc": {"lines": {"to": 34, "from": 25}}, "pdf": {"info": {"Title": "Companion planting - Wikipedia", "Creator": "Chromium", "ModDate": "D:20250905161045+00'00'", "Producer": "Skia/PDF m139", "CreationDate": "D:20250905161045+00'00'", "IsXFAPresent": false, "PDFFormatVersion": "1.4", "IsAcroFormPresent": false}, "vers... | [0.102135025,0.025710601,-0.20129365,0.027877778,0.028562063,-0.030308334,-0.065943755,0.027446067,0.022887476,-0.011170406,0.06640895,0.015520814,0.09249146,0.04613497,-0.042510785,-0.028476665,-0.03612155,0.002328411,0.03460674,0.010834815,-0.056304663,0.0040252157,-0.020094182,0.0054803877,0.03057725,0.08682932,-0.0... |
954f5237-4f79-4493-a676-c56d577db431 | they block light from plants that would compete with the rice.
[11]
20th century
More recently, starting in the 1920s, organic farming and horticulture have made frequent use of
companion planting, since many other means of fertilizing, weed reduction and pest control are
forbidden.
[12]
Permaculture advocates similar... | {"loc": {"lines": {"to": 51, "from": 36}}, "pdf": {"info": {"Title": "Companion planting - Wikipedia", "Creator": "Chromium", "ModDate": "D:20250905161045+00'00'", "Producer": "Skia/PDF m139", "CreationDate": "D:20250905161045+00'00'", "IsXFAPresent": false, "PDFFormatVersion": "1.4", "IsAcroFormPresent": false}, "vers... | [0.057531867,0.08419162,-0.1839527,0.012829299,-0.014297915,-0.019005438,-0.013179325,-0.0030926818,0.023655158,-0.020034166,0.0676368,-0.015865529,0.0769847,0.036896534,-0.003592895,7.5463955e-05,-0.021348853,-0.019172264,-0.012523955,0.04037737,-0.03243379,0.04266655,-0.0090839425,-0.042964637,0.0062495316,0.06162652... |
d49eb1c3-4e77-430f-a112-3ec2ffe6289b | cabbage family (Brassicaceae) are traditionally claimed to grow well with celery, onion family plants (Allium),
and aromatic herbs, but are thought best not grown with strawberry or tomato.
[14][15]
In 2022, agronomists recommended that multiple tools including plant disease resistance in crops,
conservation of natural... | {"loc": {"lines": {"to": 63, "from": 49}}, "pdf": {"info": {"Title": "Companion planting - Wikipedia", "Creator": "Chromium", "ModDate": "D:20250905161045+00'00'", "Producer": "Skia/PDF m139", "CreationDate": "D:20250905161045+00'00'", "IsXFAPresent": false, "PDFFormatVersion": "1.4", "IsAcroFormPresent": false}, "vers... | [0.046825852,0.0377419,-0.16678643,0.031768147,0.058309454,-0.020598121,-0.056437753,-0.013139186,0.023220947,-0.003433511,0.06063929,-0.03182521,0.100244455,0.009707197,-0.0076551037,-0.0049665365,-0.028703224,-0.032608427,0.02899176,0.05404702,0.008319,-0.0062652095,0.024343004,-0.01708404,0.0027823297,0.06456577,-0.... |
2342d372-89a7-4b29-b96c-95541d43842d | or using field trials.
[17]
Multiple interactions between companion plants, target crops, weeds, pests, and beneficial insects such as
parasitoids and predators of the pests make a multitrophic approach necessary.
[16] | {"loc": {"lines": {"to": 65, "from": 60}}, "pdf": {"info": {"Title": "Companion planting - Wikipedia", "Creator": "Chromium", "ModDate": "D:20250905161045+00'00'", "Producer": "Skia/PDF m139", "CreationDate": "D:20250905161045+00'00'", "IsXFAPresent": false, "PDFFormatVersion": "1.4", "IsAcroFormPresent": false}, "vers... | [0.014094369,0.054181274,-0.18496485,0.012913234,0.06840406,-0.0013323465,-0.019525014,-0.016919758,0.023479078,0.010602935,0.060051028,-0.031896077,0.10226938,0.02744007,-0.05062284,-0.015212126,-0.0025199968,-0.06831262,0.050328363,0.03641641,-0.057477325,0.006587074,0.020772023,-0.005033559,0.018528428,0.03907807,-0... |
d76edf26-5f39-4531-a1d9-f657d3d15da1 | Mechanisms
Companion planting can help to increase crop productivity through a variety of mechanisms, which may
sometimes be combined. These include pollination, weed suppression, and pest control, including by
providing habitat for beneficial insects.
[18]
Companion planting can reduce insect damage to crops, whether ... | {"loc": {"lines": {"to": 86, "from": 67}}, "pdf": {"info": {"Title": "Companion planting - Wikipedia", "Creator": "Chromium", "ModDate": "D:20250905161045+00'00'", "Producer": "Skia/PDF m139", "CreationDate": "D:20250905161045+00'00'", "IsXFAPresent": false, "PDFFormatVersion": "1.4", "IsAcroFormPresent": false}, "vers... | [0.0197684,0.044913698,-0.19782569,-0.004317101,0.043319803,-0.039083034,0.004115042,0.009587888,0.048174627,-0.008685842,0.026693974,-0.034851655,0.07754408,0.020730203,-0.004281898,0.03769971,-0.03315654,-0.05556736,0.016193017,0.0064329356,0.012035936,0.0053790566,0.025450181,-0.025919674,0.053679302,0.04648744,0.01... |
f86983d9-ef2e-4a3a-9112-705c3cad5cbb | or otherwise increase productivity
[19]
Nutrient provision
Root nodules of legumes fix nitrogen,
assisting the growth of nearby plants.
Legumes such as clover provide nitrogen compounds to neighbouring plants such as grasses by fixing
nitrogen from the air with symbiotic bacteria in their root nodules. These enable t... | {"loc": {"lines": {"to": 92, "from": 82}}, "pdf": {"info": {"Title": "Companion planting - Wikipedia", "Creator": "Chromium", "ModDate": "D:20250905161045+00'00'", "Producer": "Skia/PDF m139", "CreationDate": "D:20250905161045+00'00'", "IsXFAPresent": false, "PDFFormatVersion": "1.4", "IsAcroFormPresent": false}, "vers... | [0.046296235,0.06664575,-0.17930186,0.010420402,0.033126075,-0.047122385,-0.039697684,0.04191578,0.010132159,-0.034266144,0.021840354,-0.002620151,0.07988154,0.027646419,0.040967386,0.054903686,-0.03156256,-0.050653763,0.04738815,0.037457746,-0.030354436,0.044056553,0.04670212,-0.045630965,0.031090738,0.07666931,-0.023... |
44e27dc5-799e-41cc-b06c-77b732512a27 | Trap cropping
Trap cropping uses alternative plants to attract pests away from a main crop. For example, nasturtium
(Tropaeolum majus) is a food plant of some caterpillars which feed primarily on members of the cabbage
family (brassicas);
[24]
some gardeners claim that planting them around brassicas protects the food ... | {"loc": {"lines": {"to": 111, "from": 94}}, "pdf": {"info": {"Title": "Companion planting - Wikipedia", "Creator": "Chromium", "ModDate": "D:20250905161045+00'00'", "Producer": "Skia/PDF m139", "CreationDate": "D:20250905161045+00'00'", "IsXFAPresent": false, "PDFFormatVersion": "1.4", "IsAcroFormPresent": false}, "ver... | [0.032098398,0.057706643,-0.21022892,-0.0073906425,0.057495452,-0.00798263,-0.022682453,0.00010152586,0.037534,-0.012865651,0.036043737,0.022515344,0.12208086,0.017299091,-0.028425714,-2.6884882e-05,-0.03772893,-0.03337018,0.023460248,0.037274882,0.003716481,0.0067743575,0.03447909,-0.0059274756,-0.020798786,0.03193283... |
af632787-7e95-4952-9c60-5695c9ce6673 | even "decoy-plants" coloured green.
[27]
Pests find hosts in stages, first detecting plant odours which induce
it to try to land on the host plant, avoiding bare soil. If the plant is isolated, then the insect simply lands on
the patch of green near the odour, making an "appropriate landing". If it finds itself on the... | {"loc": {"lines": {"to": 123, "from": 109}}, "pdf": {"info": {"Title": "Companion planting - Wikipedia", "Creator": "Chromium", "ModDate": "D:20250905161045+00'00'", "Producer": "Skia/PDF m139", "CreationDate": "D:20250905161045+00'00'", "IsXFAPresent": false, "PDFFormatVersion": "1.4", "IsAcroFormPresent": false}, "ve... | [0.027869381,0.052591793,-0.22419411,-0.006048239,0.054762788,0.0039224643,-0.033744015,0.01687407,0.01773833,-0.030736515,0.018932221,-0.04201476,0.09996682,0.059360154,-0.025500664,-0.026542347,0.000923316,-0.08227012,0.038494498,0.010322284,0.003267526,-0.009300171,0.038554393,-0.022767067,0.00624297,0.043148488,-0.... |
50e48f8c-83eb-4157-bcbd-d50af10ecd31 | clover (which allowed a good crop). Simple decoys of green cardboard worked just as well as the live
ground cover.
[27]
Weed suppression
Several plants are allelopathic, producing chemicals which inhibit the growth of other species. For example,
rye is useful as a cereal crop, and can be used as a cover crop to suppres... | {"loc": {"lines": {"to": 131, "from": 120}}, "pdf": {"info": {"Title": "Companion planting - Wikipedia", "Creator": "Chromium", "ModDate": "D:20250905161045+00'00'", "Producer": "Skia/PDF m139", "CreationDate": "D:20250905161045+00'00'", "IsXFAPresent": false, "PDFFormatVersion": "1.4", "IsAcroFormPresent": false}, "ve... | [0.062132534,0.036889933,-0.1735593,0.03909594,0.010192841,-0.05162207,-0.021538261,0.035968423,0.04488084,-0.01765815,0.0568028,-0.0035163567,0.12878643,0.024024418,0.0043974244,0.024641791,-0.04849976,-0.042246357,0.051865984,0.0014545736,-0.05527983,0.0064341994,0.0154902395,-0.05077283,0.02610442,0.08390693,-0.0371... |
8bac586c-b0ee-417c-a3a9-81d0921c2962 | https://galeapps.gale.com/apps/auth?userGroupName=&sid=GVRL&origURL=https%3A%2F%2Fgo.gale.
com%2Fps%2Fi.do%3Fp%3DGVRL%26u%3D%26id%3DGALE%7CCX3408100055%26v%3D2.1%26i
t%3Dr%26sid%3DGVRL%26asid%3D54515a57&prodId=GVRL) from the original on 13 July 2021.
Retrieved 17 August 2019.
10. Tilley, Elizabeth; Ulrich, Lukas; Lüthi... | {"loc": {"lines": {"to": 863, "from": 853}}, "pdf": {"info": {"Title": "Compost - Wikipedia", "Creator": "Chromium", "ModDate": "D:20250905160259+00'00'", "Producer": "Skia/PDF m139", "CreationDate": "D:20250905160259+00'00'", "IsXFAPresent": false, "PDFFormatVersion": "1.4", "IsAcroFormPresent": false}, "version": "1.... | [-0.010461167,0.0070814453,-0.19320188,-0.050622046,0.096961446,-0.0042440696,0.00025742032,0.039777018,0.016299425,-0.029356942,0.021906242,0.02752168,0.090145424,0.0036003282,0.023471128,-0.048993807,0.0047471374,-0.0011992224,-0.03192709,-0.00805588,0.0017596936,-0.034939107,-0.030481022,-0.06972112,0.043543983,0.01... |
abcdd2d9-f672-47df-b4e2-50325ca01d78 | Pest suppression
Companion planting of
cornflowers among cabbages
helps the parasitoid wasp
Microplitis mediator (shown) to
control cabbage moth.
Some companion plants help prevent pest insects or pathogenic fungi from damaging the crop, through
their production of aromatic volatile chemicals, another type of allelop... | {"loc": {"lines": {"to": 154, "from": 133}}, "pdf": {"info": {"Title": "Companion planting - Wikipedia", "Creator": "Chromium", "ModDate": "D:20250905161045+00'00'", "Producer": "Skia/PDF m139", "CreationDate": "D:20250905161045+00'00'", "IsXFAPresent": false, "PDFFormatVersion": "1.4", "IsAcroFormPresent": false}, "ve... | [0.048461877,0.016592836,-0.19405125,-0.008462575,0.037824072,-0.027740745,-0.05357321,0.019633692,0.05556124,-0.008046855,0.020808164,-0.020823615,0.11012756,0.04417559,-0.014997196,0.006708993,-0.026905663,-0.051189575,0.004330087,0.02776117,-0.027381266,-0.04467933,0.016125873,-0.025643501,0.028904228,0.059064142,-0... |
90dda4c1-ce1b-440d-89d2-43c9f8780bd4 | other's pests: it is popularly believed that the onion smell puts off carrot root fly, while the smell of carrots
puts off onion fly.
[19][1]
Some studies have demonstrated beneficial effects. For instance, cabbage crops can be seriously damaged
by the cabbage moth. It has a natural enemy, the parasitoid wasp Microplit... | {"loc": {"lines": {"to": 167, "from": 152}}, "pdf": {"info": {"Title": "Companion planting - Wikipedia", "Creator": "Chromium", "ModDate": "D:20250905161045+00'00'", "Producer": "Skia/PDF m139", "CreationDate": "D:20250905161045+00'00'", "IsXFAPresent": false, "PDFFormatVersion": "1.4", "IsAcroFormPresent": false}, "ve... | [0.017740091,0.0459616,-0.19087927,0.009278068,0.06147604,-0.011375658,-0.06184412,0.015315394,0.048780885,0.0018533177,0.031896036,-0.02420835,0.09332054,0.039256476,-0.03227204,-0.0030559392,-0.010896039,-0.05915963,0.040379565,0.037395794,-0.00697366,-0.053078566,0.05208714,-0.038921073,0.016908115,0.07735846,-0.065... |
c9a02e7c-3dea-42c1-b714-e864b3be6c41 | [34]
Not all combinations of
target and companion are effective; for instance, clover, a useful companion to many crop plants, does not
mask Brassica crops.
[35]
However, effects on multi-species systems are complex and may not increase crop yields. Thus, French
marigold inhibits codling moth, a serious pest whose lar... | {"loc": {"lines": {"to": 172, "from": 163}}, "pdf": {"info": {"Title": "Companion planting - Wikipedia", "Creator": "Chromium", "ModDate": "D:20250905161045+00'00'", "Producer": "Skia/PDF m139", "CreationDate": "D:20250905161045+00'00'", "IsXFAPresent": false, "PDFFormatVersion": "1.4", "IsAcroFormPresent": false}, "ve... | [0.015130231,0.07062087,-0.16806486,0.01774814,0.0055355243,-0.0019340444,-0.019221097,-0.011932878,0.046137094,-0.007943995,0.014788659,-0.014043181,0.09364712,0.022233918,0.010765839,0.041043524,-0.0058856965,-0.012404923,0.053257376,0.046253793,0.00078736176,0.009357547,0.03737568,-0.00062307285,0.025172666,0.096976... |
311ad0f8-47d1-4070-954a-470ef1f17858 | Predator recruitment
Spearmint attracts the
mirid bug Nesidiocoris
tenuis, an active predator
that helps to suppress
crop pests.
[37]
Companion plants that produce copious nectar or pollen in a vegetable garden (insectary plants) may help
encourage higher populations of beneficial insects that control pests.
[38]
Som... | {"loc": {"lines": {"to": 192, "from": 174}}, "pdf": {"info": {"Title": "Companion planting - Wikipedia", "Creator": "Chromium", "ModDate": "D:20250905161045+00'00'", "Producer": "Skia/PDF m139", "CreationDate": "D:20250905161045+00'00'", "IsXFAPresent": false, "PDFFormatVersion": "1.4", "IsAcroFormPresent": false}, "ve... | [0.0036680656,0.020715464,-0.20373753,0.006092823,0.05436619,-0.01995304,-0.03711196,-0.015044941,0.031158108,0.0067885905,0.0047280523,0.013282827,0.08452821,0.0029459016,-0.030387571,0.021534016,-0.010264005,-0.050778307,0.050491974,0.035440035,-0.03391178,-0.007924122,0.039436717,-0.027566334,0.01885131,0.08385989,-... |
d09d4af9-49ee-41fa-96eb-b9802230065f | with parsley among a target crop of collard greens helped to suppress aphid pests (Brevicoryne brassicae,
Myzus persicae), even though it also cut down the numbers of parasitoid wasps. Predatory insect species
increased in numbers, and may have predated on the aphid-killing parasitoids, while the reduction in aphids
ma... | {"loc": {"lines": {"to": 203, "from": 192}}, "pdf": {"info": {"Title": "Companion planting - Wikipedia", "Creator": "Chromium", "ModDate": "D:20250905161045+00'00'", "Producer": "Skia/PDF m139", "CreationDate": "D:20250905161045+00'00'", "IsXFAPresent": false, "PDFFormatVersion": "1.4", "IsAcroFormPresent": false}, "ve... | [0.037213042,0.03114308,-0.20163989,-0.03236559,0.030860491,-0.010973399,-0.05776802,0.013101484,0.044297114,-0.0003163463,0.04276588,-0.038868297,0.113349274,0.0019740295,0.026551014,-0.009637097,0.0050691273,-0.044859093,0.023195978,-0.0010304892,-0.015097078,-0.037092797,0.04512047,-0.0494244,0.01734338,0.062760875,... |
eb70248f-013a-4cd5-84af-8aa30f6f65d3 | Dordrecht: Springer. pp. 15–37. doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-4093-1_2 (https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-1-4
020-4093-1_2). ISBN 978-1-4020-4092-4.
8. Theophrastus, Enquiry into Plants, Book IV, XVI, 5
9. Aliotta, Giovanni; Mallik, Azim U.; Pollio, Antonino (2008). "Historical Examples of Allelopathy and
Ethnobotany from the Med... | {"loc": {"lines": {"to": 273, "from": 262}}, "pdf": {"info": {"Title": "Companion planting - Wikipedia", "Creator": "Chromium", "ModDate": "D:20250905161045+00'00'", "Producer": "Skia/PDF m139", "CreationDate": "D:20250905161045+00'00'", "IsXFAPresent": false, "PDFFormatVersion": "1.4", "IsAcroFormPresent": false}, "ve... | [0.021979257,0.018854097,-0.1464732,-0.060947236,0.038115215,-0.01692024,0.020481983,0.0169316,0.013264186,-0.012160868,-0.0024134456,0.0005847695,0.122121446,-0.0025132573,0.029708603,-0.04074418,-0.03017214,-0.05529003,-0.025876798,0.091043085,-0.02418506,0.039361697,-0.04325152,-0.023544874,0.028441627,-0.0018888059... |
End of preview. Expand in Data Studio
Agriculture Domain Knowledge Safety Wikipedia Embeddings
Pre-computed vector embeddings from Wikipedia articles covering Agriculture, Planting Methods, and related topics — ready to drop into your RAG pipeline without any embedding overhead.
Dataset Details
| Property | Details |
|---|---|
| Embedding Model | nomic-ai/nomic-embed-text-v1.5 (135M) |
| Vector Dimensions | 768 |
| Source | Wikipedia |
| Topics | Agriculture, various plants, planting methods and more |
| Format | CSV (vectors + metadata) |
Quickstart
import pandas as pd
import ast
df = pd.read_csv("hf://datasets/rakhasetiawan/agricultural-knowledge-embedding-wikipedia/blob/main/agriculture_domain_vector_embeddings.csv")
# Convert the embedding column from string to list
df["embedding"] = df["embedding"].apply(ast.literal_eval)
print(df.head())
# text | embedding | title | url
License
Dataset content is sourced from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 license.
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