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135
533d29aa-ae81-473a-8120-1771e0b0dd5f
Unmet need for contraception in a 35 years female is for ?
Spacing bih
Limiting bih
Improve maternal health
Improve family health
1b
single
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Limiting bih Many women who are sexually active would prefer to avoid pregnancy, but neveheless are not using any method of contraception.These women are considered to have 'unmet need' for family planning.The concept is usually applied to married women.According to the National Family Health Survey-3...
Social & Preventive Medicine
null
d9dbf255-f646-4fb9-bb22-a3d1657e00bb
While shaving, a 45-year-old teacher notices a marble-sized mass beneath his left ear. The mass is eventually excised, revealing which of the following benign parotid gland lesions?
Glandular hyperophy, secondary to vitamin A deficiency
Cystic dilation
Mikulicz's disease
Wahin's tumor
3d
multi
Papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum /Wahin's tumor/Adenolymphoma Exclusively seen in parotid gland Derived from salivary tissue inclusion in lymph node More common in males Associated with smoking Only tumor to show hot spot on TC99m-Peecnate Histopathology Papillary cystic pattern lined with columnar oncocytes and cub...
Surgery
Salivary Glands
e90c3e9c-ca17-40c4-95e6-cbfca88fcc9a
Substrate for gluconeogenesis include?
Glycerol
Leucine
Fatty acids
Acetyl CoA
0a
single
Only 5 amino acids are both glucogenic and ketogenic. Mnemonic - TTT I P Both glucogenic and ketogenic amino acids: Tryptophan Tyrosine Threonine, Isoleucine, Phenylalanine Note: there is a controversy regarding Lysine, some book says it is purely ketogenic some say it is both Ketogenic and glucogenic serine is only gl...
Biochemistry
Classification and metabolism of amino acids
dc4a9e0f-7e84-40c9-ab1d-fc1bdb18b25c
Langerhans cells in skin are
Antigen presenting cells
Pigment producing cells
Keratin synthesising cells
Sensory neurons
0a
single
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Antigen presenting cells
Microbiology
null
858f2bda-6f1f-4046-8e37-74d07bbd4469
Black eye is a type of-
Patterend abrasion
Ectopic abrasion
Ectopic bruise
Friction abrasion
2c
single
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Ectopic bruise [Ref: Reddy 30th/ep. 167-168\o Site of bruise is at the site of impact most of the time however it may be away from the site of impact due to gravity shifting of blood, i.e., ectopic bruise. So, site of bruise does not always indicate site of violencet.o Example of ectopic bruise are : ...
Forensic Medicine
Injuries by Blunt Force
b9e8b009-e41b-4a4d-a800-1518aa31810d
Ideally Dentist population ration should be
5.597222222
1:10000
1:20000
1:40000
2c
multi
null
Dental
null
d94eeaad-b0ad-453d-a2c2-dbe5cd4b11f7
Tongue develops from which branchial arches?
I, II, IV
I, II, III
I, III, IV
I, II, III, IV
3d
single
null
Anatomy
null
dc001cab-d553-4ab2-8a47-9ee239eb12b7
Umbilical cord attached to the margin of placenta:
Circumvallate placenta
Battledore placenta
Velamentous insertion
Vasa previa
1b
multi
Ans. (b) Battledore placentaRef. William's Obstetrics 23rd ed. Ch: 27* Normally, the cord usually is inserted at or near the center of the fetal surface of the placenta.* Cord insertion at the placental margin is sometimes referred to as a Battledore placenta. It is found in about 7% of term placentas.* Velamentous ins...
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
Abortion
4e3de300-758d-4e5b-8105-f5d2d594724b
Cataracts in a newborn is:
Zonular
Nuclear
Snowflake
Cortical
0a
single
a zonular refkhurana 3rd/e p. 187
Ophthalmology
Lens
8556e900-e3b6-44a9-a4fd-d94867491a26
The causative agent of Lyme's disease:
Borrelia burgdorferi
Borrelia recurrentis
Leptospira icterohemorrhagiae
Clostridium difficile
0a
single
Borrelia burgdorferi
Microbiology
null
71f44cd9-e1a7-4614-a954-e78a73e718e1
A patient presented with vomiting and ataxia. There were oxalate crystals in the urine. The patient was given ethanol and 4 methyl pyrazole for treatment. The likely diagnosis of the patient was?
Methanol poisoning
Ethanol poisoning
Ethylene glycol poisoning
Diazepam poisoning
2c
single
Ans. (C) Ethylene glycol poisoning(Ref: Harrison 19/e p319)Symptoms of alcohol overdose along with oxalate crystalluria points towards ethylene glycol poisoning. It is confirmed because the patient is being treated with antidotes like ethanol and fomepizol (4 methyl pyrazole).
Pharmacology
Opioids
c177181b-8569-47a7-9bc8-794167a5de49
Loeffler's syndrome is seen with all except :
>Toxocara
>Strongyloides stercoralisL. tryptophan
>Giardiasis
Giardiasis
3d
multi
Giardiasis Pulmonary diseases associated with tissue or blood eosinophilia are a heterogenous group of disorders. They are classified as : Loeffler's syndrome It is a benign acute eosinophilic pneumonia of unknown cause characterized by migrating pulmonary infiltrates and minimal clinical manifestations. These are usua...
Microbiology
null
28c4628b-0e78-4fbc-88f2-307488d1c36b
Which of the following muscles elevates the mandible?
Buccinator
Temporalis
Caninus
Lateral pterygoid
1b
single
null
Anatomy
null
498a7a61-6899-4e29-960e-0824f76542ad
A 60-year-old woman presents with symptoms of weight loss, anxiety, and palpitations. On examination, she has a thyroid goiter. Which of the following is the most likely cardiac finding?
prolonged circulation time
decreased cardiac output
paroxysmal atrial fibrillation
pericardial effusion
2c
single
Thyroid disease may affect the heart muscle directly or there may be excessive sympathetic stimulation. Common symptoms of thyrotoxic heart disease include palpitations, exertional dyspnea, and worsening angina. Atrial fibrillation is particularly common in older individuals.
Medicine
C.V.S.
fc690b3b-cf20-4f32-91cb-aa396ad9ffb8
Pedigree analysis - Analyze the following pedigree and give the mode of inheritance ?
Autosomal recessive
Autosomal dominant
Mitochondrial inheritance
X linked dominant
2c
single
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Mitochondrial inheritance i) Disease is manifesting in both males and females. ii) But, the disease is transmitting to next generation only by females (mother). Both these are characteristics of mitochondrial diseases. Mitochondrial diseaes o Mitochondria' DNA is the only non-chromosomal DNA in human ...
Pediatrics
null
ff7f214f-d0ce-4b03-bcc3-aad739727d26
Term cafe coronary was coined by -
Roger Haugen
J. Morton
NeilMarkson
M.Hoppefield
0a
single
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Roger Haugen "A popular term 'cafe coronary * was coined by Dr. Roger Haugen, Medical Examiner of Broward County, Florida for such impaction of food in the respiratory passage ".-- Krishan Vij
Forensic Medicine
Misc.
0e14ecf1-fc0d-47c1-8939-ed1bdcef3c2c
Demyelinating disorder among the following is
Multiple sclerosis
Typhoid
Cholera
All
0a
multi
Multiple sclerosis is a autoimmune disorder It leads to demyelination of myelinated nervefibers Ref:Guyton and Hall textbook of medical physiology 12th edition,page number:72,73
Anatomy
General anatomy
84ed7fcd-ee25-4b49-b01e-e2c9db2bd3a2
IL1 antagonist is -
Anakinra
Abatacept
Adalimumab
Leflunomide
0a
single
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Anakinra Drugs used for Rheumatoid arthritisDisease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs)Biologic response modifier (BRMs)Adjuvant drugs1. Immunosuppresants - Methotrexate, azathioprine, cyclosporine2. Sulfasalazine3. Choloroquine or hydroxychloroquine4. Leflunomide5. Gold sod. thiomalate, Auranofin6...
Pharmacology
Immunomodulator
462f3921-fa1d-4251-b741-2e6560cd9f15
Direct filling gold formed by electrolytic precipitation is called by all the terms, EXCEPT:
Crystalline gold
Granular gold
Mat gold
Sponge gold
1b
multi
Electrolytic Precipitate Gold Another form of direct filling gold is microcrystalline gold powder formed by electrolytic precipitation, which is sandwiched between sheets of gold foil and formed into strips. It is also called mat or sponge gold. Granular (Powdered) Gold Gold powders in agglomerated form can also be pre...
Dental
null
d5a87c4f-e16b-49d9-a4d2-cead5773e7ee
Predominant blood supply to the supraduodenal bile duct is from vessels:
Which run upward from the major vessels located near the lower pa of bile duct such as the gastroduodenal and retro duodenal aery
Which run downward along the bile duct from right hepatic aery
That arise from hepatic aery proper as it carries up along the common bile duct and supplies it with twigs in a non-axial distribution
That run from cystic aery
0a
single
Approximately 60% of the blood supply to the supraduodenal bile duct originates from the pancreaticoduodenal and retroduodenal aeries, whereas 38% of the blood supply originates from the right hepatic aery and cystic duct aery and 2 percent is non-axial.Ref: Gray's Anatomy (40th Edition), Pages 1177, 1185; Essentials o...
Anatomy
null
a09c2aa3-f5f1-4c8f-b2a8-303606082514
The commonest gastric polyp is -
Hyperplastic polyp
Inflammatory polyp
Adenomatous polyp
Part of familial polyposis
0a
single
null
Surgery
null
11f72356-c59c-4f43-a667-596e08b270f5
Which of the following is not involved in intrinsic pathway?
Factor XII
Factor XI
Factor IX
Factor VII
3d
single
Factor VII is required for the activation of Factor X in extrinsic pathway Ref: Ganong's Review of Medical Physiology Twenty-Third Edition Page No:533
Physiology
Cardiovascular system
ed61802c-f45f-439f-b718-ba40d08c79bb
General feility rate is a better measure of feility than the crude bih rate because the denominator includes
15 - 45 years of aged females
Midyear population
Total women population
Married women population
0a
single
General feility rate is the number of live bihs per 1000 women in the reproductive are group ( 15-44 or 49 years) in a given year GFR = number of live bih in an area during the year X 1000/ mid year female population age group 15-44 (or 49) in the same area in same year General feility rate is a better measure of feili...
Social & Preventive Medicine
Demography and family planning
dbc3c190-1406-46cc-a5bf-d91d4a4fb320
Not a feature of Hartnup's disease:
Pellagroid skin lesion
Cerebellar ataxia
Mental retardation
Psychological disturbances
2c
single
c. Mental retardation(Ref: Nelson's 20/e p 636-642, Ghai 8/e p 653-655)Clinical features of Hartnup disease:Most children with Hartnup defect remain asymptomaticMajor clinical manifestation in symptomatic patient is cutaneous photosensitivity: pellagra-like rash on sun exposureSome patients may have intermittent ataxia...
Pediatrics
Inborn Errors of Metabolism
92f196ac-38d1-4c7a-a105-1e81ee9771cb
A 65-year-old chronic smoker presents with a rapidly enlarging large hilar mass on a chest film associated with significant adenopathy. He also experiences recurrent hypoglycemic spells these days. A provisional diagnosis of Lung carcinoma being considered which of the following subtype will most commonly lead to this ...
Squamous cell carcinoma
Adenocarcinoma
Large cell carcinoma
Small cell tumour
3d
multi
Small cell - Mediastinal adenopathy, - Hilar mass, - Small or invisibleftlung nodule, - High metastatic potential, - Rapid growth. - May be associated with Hypoglycemia, Cushing's syndrome, Inappropriate secretion of ADH, excessive gonadotropin secretion.
Physiology
All India exam
3d6b9b3f-4cc9-4124-b3b9-5a277cafa472
Which is not a feature of non cirrhotic poal HT?
Ascites
Hematemesis
Splenomegaly
All are seen
0a
multi
.
Pathology
All India exam
72a47942-3629-4c23-8eb8-b019611b3578
Giardiasis is best diagnosed by:
CFT
Presence of both cysts and trophozoites in stools
Presence of cysts only
Haemaglutination
1b
multi
Presence of both cysts and trophozoites in stools
Microbiology
null
8e945d84-4300-492e-afe2-abc8eb94978d
Biopsy of the parotid gland in Sjogren’s shows:
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils
Lymphocytes
3d
single
"The earliest histologic finding in both the major and the minor salivary glands is periductal and perivascular lymphocytic infiltration." (Ref: Robbins) Sjogren Syndrome It is an immune-mediated destruction of the lacrimal and salivary glands characterized by dry eyes {keratoconjunctivitis sicca) and dry mouth (xeros...
Pathology
null
be631359-fec9-4679-a547-17af77ae61a7
The disease for which vaccination ceificate is required for international travel is -
Cholera
Hepatitis
Yellow fever
Tetanus
2c
single
All travellers including infants exposed to the risk of yellow fever or passing through an endemic zones of yellow fever should possess a valid international ceificate of vaccination against yello fever before they are allowed to enter yellow fever receptive areas. Reference; Park&;s Textbook of preventive and social m...
Social & Preventive Medicine
Communicable diseases
de894dbd-c6d5-49fb-a648-ad2168104f4d
24 hours after fever, maculopapular rash and erythema appears on the face of infant. This organism can also cause
ALL
CML
Pure red cell aplasia
Hairy cell leukemia
2c
multi
It’s caused by Parvo B19 virus, and it causes the following diseases Erythema infectiosum Fifth disease. Slapped cheek appearances. Arthropathy. Transient Aplastic crisis. Hydrops fetalis (most sensitive period 2nd trimester) Myocarditis. PPGSS Papular - Purpuric Gloves & Stock Syndrome.   Transient Aplastic Crisis ...
Unknown
null
f8326564-efdc-4101-9458-c619df9a03a9
Cementum is primarily
Amorphous
Organic
Inorganic
Soft tissue
2c
single
null
Dental
null
f3853730-b776-4d1a-b5bb-79acbd7c19aa
Which of the following is not a bronchodilator
Beta 2 agonist
Methylxanthines
Steroids
Anticholinergics
2c
single
Classification: bronchodilators: beta 2 agonists anticholinergics and methylxanthines like caffeine and theophylline ref KD Tripathi 8th ed
Pharmacology
Respiratory system
9cbc1d25-945b-4668-845e-9f12595dc681
Difference between contusion and post-moem lividity is that post-moem lividity-
Shows sequential color change
Easily washable
Shows diffuse irregular margins
Has raised enzyme levels
1b
single
The synopsis of forensic medicine & toxicology;Dr k.s narayan reddy; 28th edition;pg.no. 88; Contusion or bruises are not washable but postmoem lividity is washable. Also refer page no.106
Forensic Medicine
Mechanical injuries
3837875e-2eac-4904-af61-61ac9ee459f5
Fomepizole acts as antidote for ?
Methanol poisoning
Cannabis poisoning
Lead poisoning
Cadmium Poisoning
0a
single
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Methanol poisoning Methanol is highly toxic alcohol. It is metabolized to formaldehyde (by alcohol dehydrogenas) and formic acid (by acetaldehyde dehydrogenase). It is the accumulation of formic acid which causes toxic effects in methanol poisoning. Accumulation of formic acid results in lactic acidos...
Pharmacology
null
cc5c8086-8a24-4dcb-9202-24f929fcdfa4
Chancroid is caused by?
H. Ducrei
N. Gonnorrea
T. Pallidum
H. Influenza
0a
multi
Ans:A.)H. Ducrei CHANCROID (SOFT SORE) This venereal infection is caused by the Gram-negative bacillus Haemophilus ducreyi. One to 5 days post-infection, a soft sloughy ulcer appears on the penis or vulva. The treatment of choice is erythromycin (500 mg 6-hourly for 14 days).
Skin
null
8c2a6208-86a2-48f7-969b-a5b04b9bedce
Blue daper syndrome is associated with
Tryptophan malabsorption
Tryptophan hyperabsorption
Tyrosine malabsorption
Tyrosine hyperabsorption
0a
single
null
Biochemistry
null
f8fbb990-f838-4b99-8978-552096725a83
Pentavalent immunoglobin is -
IgA
IgG
IgM
IgE
2c
single
Ans. is 'c' i.e., IgiMValency of antibodyo The valency of antibody refers to the number of antigenic determinants that an individual antibody molecule can bind.o The valency of all antibodies is at least two and in some instances more.AntibodyValencyIgG2IgA2,4IgM10IgD2IgE2Though the theoretical valency of Ig M is ten, ...
Microbiology
Immunology
3e037a56-18d3-4a0c-a4bc-c41a21d18aa5
BCR ABL gene mutation is seen in ?
CML
AML
CLL
ALL
0a
multi
ANSWER: (A) CMLREF: Robbins 7th ed p. 697BCR gene on chromosome 9 gets translocated to ABL gene on chromosome 22 leading to the formation of a fusion protein with a tyrosine kinase activity.
Unknown
null
d70c4174-b6c6-47ee-9f2d-eaa96feb9ece
T helper cells recognizes -
MHC class I
MHC class II
Processed peptides
Surface Ig
1b
single
MHC restriction T cells (in contrast to B cells) cannot be activated by soluble antigens. Therefore, presentation of processed antigen by antigen presenting cells is required for induction of cell mediated immunity. T cell receptors recognizes peptide antigens that are displayed by major histo compatibility complex (M...
Microbiology
null
25bc3186-87e9-49ac-a35f-23ab56d52254
Most sensitive test for detection of argemone oil?
Nitric acid test
Paper chromatography
Phosphatase test
Methylene blue test
1b
single
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Paper chromatography o Paper chromatography is the most sensitive test. o Note : In previous question, paper chromatography was not there in options, therefore the answer was nitric acid test.
Social & Preventive Medicine
null
cd93687c-75fd-4616-aba8-dac5297319b2
Prostaglandin inhibiting action of Aspirin is useful in the treatment of all of the following conditions except
Analgesia and antipyresis
Closure of ductus aeriosus
Uricosuria
Anti-inflammatory and antiplatelet aggregation
2c
multi
Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis is responsible for analgesia, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory and antiplatelet action of aspirin. this action is also utilised in the treatment of PDA. high doses of Aspirin causes uricosuria various therapeutic doses result in hyperuricemia these effects are and related to its acti...
Anatomy
General anatomy
e6998cf5-3304-4583-85b3-bcd046bba191
Dermatological sign of carcinoma stomach is?
Palmoplantar keratoderma
Acquired ichthyosis
Acanthosis Nigrans
Acrokeratosis paraneopiastica
2c
single
ANSWER: (C) Acanthosis NigransREF: Fitz Patricks Dermatology 6th Edition Page 1612, Harrison's 18th ed chapter 53Indirect repeat Dermatology 2008,2003 (See table of TYPES AND CAUSES OF ACANTHOSIS NIGRICANS) 8t Surgery June 2009
Unknown
null
65917ca5-e31f-4fe3-a35c-a5e5377885b1
Which one of the following statements best describe pseudoaneurysm
Focal dilation of vessel in which intimal and medial layers are disrupted and the dilated segment is lined by adventitia
Focal dilation of a vessel only involving one poion of the circumference
Apparent dilation of a vessel due to intrinsic narrowing proximal and distal to the point of apparent narrowing
Dilation of a vessel, though not to the size necessary to be diagnosed as a true aneurysm
0a
multi
Pseudoaneurysm Wall is not formed by all the three layers Pseudoaneurysms can arise from Primary defects in the aoic wall (e.g -After trauma or contained aneurysm rupture) Anastomotic or cannulation site leaks that occur after cardiovascular surgery. Anastomotic pseudoaneurysms can be caused by Technical problems Deter...
Surgery
Aerial disorders
3a4924cf-c71b-4501-9741-739a882e42b9
'Brush burn' is
An abrasion
Electric bum
Chemical bum
Contusion
0a
single
Ans. a (An abrasion) (Ref. FMT by Reddy. 27th/ Pg. 145 & FMT by Krishan Vij 4th/Pg. 282-283).# An abrasion (or a graze) is a superficial injury involving only the outer layers of the skin and not penetrating the full thickness of the epidermis.# A graze is an injury, which is produced when a broad surface of the skin s...
Forensic Medicine
Injuries by Blunt Force
61c5b173-b4f5-4f85-bae9-e71d5daaae2d
Characteristic feature of nephritic syndrome in children -
Lipid casts in urine
WBC casts in urine
RBC casts in urine
Albumin in urine
2c
single
Ans. is 'c' i.e., RBC casts in urine Acute nephritic syndrome o Nephritic syndrome is a collection of signs associated with disorders affecting the kidneys, more specifically glomerular disorders and is characterized by haematuria, protenuria, hypeension, edema and oliguria. 1. Haematuria The haematuria is slight givin...
Pediatrics
null
30733200-5657-4c6d-b0dd-c77b8388afe0
A 24-year old woman notices increasing shortness of breath after recent treatment for right lower lobe pneumonia. She has no fever, cough, or sputum production. On examination, the pertinent findings are decreased fremitus, dullness on percussion, and absent breath sounds of the right lower lung. In addition, the trach...
acute asthmatic attack
complete pneumothorax
large pleural effusion
atelectasis
2c
multi
Careful physical examination can be very useful in diagnosing many common pulmonary disorders. Atelectasis and large pleural effusions both can present with decreased fremitus, dullness or flatness to percussion, and absent breath sounds. In atelectasis, tracheal shift, if present, is toward the affected side, and the ...
Medicine
Respiratory
67c7cfaf-92b0-4a73-b5ed-f40706303bf0
6 years old girl with vaginal spotting. Diagnosis is –
Ovarian cancer
Foreign body
Sexual abuse
PID
1b
single
A foreign body is commonly responsible for vaginal bleeding in pediatric patients.
Pediatrics
null
85e668dd-1745-4551-b067-07530de468e3
McNaughton's rule is related to:
IPC 82
IPC 84
IPC 87
IPC 85
1b
single
- Mc Naughton's rule is related to Criminal responsibility of Insane person - Sec. 84 IPC also deals with the Criminal responsibility of Insane person Section 84 IPC embodies McNaughton rules as follows: "Nothing is an offence which is done by a person who, at the time of doing it, by reason of unsoundness of mind, is ...
Forensic Medicine
FMGE 2019
559f2623-e217-473b-9119-6638df93c6ac
How many vascular segments are present in each kidney?
3
4
5
6
2c
single
Ans. is 'c' i.e., 5o Renal artery Right renal artery is longer and passes behind I VC. Renal artery divides into : -Posterior division :- Supplies posterior segment.Anterior division :-Divides further into 4 branches to supply apical, upper anterior, middle anterior and lower segments.o Thus, there are five vascular se...
Anatomy
KUB & Adrenal Gland
f70f5f9a-8ce6-4d59-a745-0209fba667f3
Why are rounded internal line angles desirable in the preparation of amalgam restorations in primary teeth?
They increase retention
They conserve tooth structure
They increase resistance
They decreases internal stresses in the restorative material
3d
single
They decreases internal stresses in the restorative material. Due to the small size of primary molars and, therefore, small restorations as well, it is helpful to reduce stresses within the restorative material. It has been demonstrated that rounded internal line angles aid in reducing stress when compared to sharp int...
Dental
null
30b1b21e-ba0b-448c-9282-616068182906
Bence Jones proteins are best described as:
u chains
g chains
Kappa and Lambda chains
Fibrin split products
2c
single
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Kappa and Lambda chains (Ref: Ananthanarayan, 9th/e, p. 99 and 8th/e, p. 100)* A Bence Jones protein is a monoclonal globulin protein or immunoglobulin light chain found in the urine, with a molecular weight of 22-24 kDa. Detection of Bence Jones protein may be suggestive of multiple myeloma or Walden...
Microbiology
Immunology
63e60c88-3798-41cf-8fce-094236cfcefd
Dichotomy means -
Erasure of name
Disclosure of secrets of patients
Fee-splitting
Adultery
2c
single
Dichotomy means fee splitting or bribery or commissioning. Receiving commissions on referral of a patient to a doctor or forwarding commissions, both are included under dichotomy. Dichotomy is infamous conduct as defined under the rules and regulations of MCI, 2002. If a doctor repeatedly indulges in dichotomy, a warni...
Forensic Medicine
null
1892c57a-6ae0-4f47-9b73-ca107368784c
DNA of HBV is?
Single-stranded
Double-stranded
Partially single stranded
Partially double stranded
3d
multi
Ans- D Ref 1 - Although HBV is among the smallest viruses in terms of virion and genome size, it has numerous unique features that make it completely distinct from other DNA viruses. It has a partially double stranded DNA with highly complex genome organization, life cycle and natural history. Remarkably distinct from ...
Unknown
null
ddc3fcd0-d23e-43d3-82c4-dd3c09c2ca8b
A 5-week-old male infant is born without a thymus or inferior parathyroid glands. Which of the following pharyngeal arches is most likely involved?
First
Second
Third
Fourth
2c
single
Absence of the thymus and inferior parathyroid glands would be due to defective development of the third pharyngeal pouch, their normal site of origin. The first pouch gives rise to the tympanic membrane and cavity. The second pouch gives rise to the palatine tonsils and tonsillar sinus. The fourth pharyngeal pouch giv...
Anatomy
Head & Neck
f976b21a-e63e-4739-8974-7e91b47a8adb
Pompholyx affects:
Groin
Trunk
Scalp
Palm and soles
3d
single
Ans. d. Palm & solesPompholyx is a form of recurrent palmoplantar eczema with firm deep-seated vesicles on sides of finger giving sago grain or tapioca like feel
Skin
Papulosquamous Disorders
085c111d-3fcc-4d63-bf73-460634a665da
Best quality proteins are found in highest quantities in –
Rice
Wheat
Ragi
Bajra
0a
single
Rice proteins are richer in lysine than other cereal proteins, and for this reason, rice protein is considered to be a better quality.
Social & Preventive Medicine
null
3bfea1d3-8e52-41f1-b07a-d6f69aa2d916
Jet black pigmentation of tongue with tactile hallucination is a feature of which substance use
Heroin
Cannabis
Cocaine
LSD
2c
multi
Chronic cannabis use can lead to jet black pigmentation of tongue. And patients may also have feeling of insects crawling under the skin also known as magnan phenomenon.
Psychiatry
null
a5bef839-c9ea-4b94-846f-0ddd9e28341b
In extended supraomohyoid neck dissection, lymph node dissection is done upto:
2
3
4
5
2c
single
null
Surgery
null
4c866f64-8641-4976-85a1-605e68908b0a
SIADH -- all are features except,
Decreased sodium, maintaining the concentrating ability of the urine osmolality (> 100 mOsm)
Normal sodium balance maintained indicating excess urinary sodium is due to efficient sodium intake
Hypouricemia
Low blood pressure due to volume depletion
3d
multi
Low blood pressure due to volume depletion The serum sodium concentration is normally regulated by ? The balance of water intake. Renal excretion of sodium and ADH mediated water conservation by distal renal tubule. These processes are mediated by ? Stimulation of thirst Secretion of ADM Feedback mechanisms of the reni...
Surgery
null
4df4e891-ad95-41dd-aa68-e028855e7024
The following statements regarding Turner syndrome are true except -
Occurence of Turner syndrome is influenced by maternal age.
Most patients have primary amenorrhoea.
Most patients have short stature.
Edema of hands and feet is an important feature during infancy.
0a
multi
Occurence of Turner syndrome is not affected by maternal age. It is Down's syndrome which is affected by maternal age (Risk of Down's syndrome increases after 35 yrs. of maternal age*)
Medicine
null
305099b7-1b32-4e47-8fc3-080420f31923
A 33-year-old man presents at OPD complaining of fever and headache. On examination, he had leukopenia and increased liver enzymes, and inclusion bodies were seen in his monocytes. History revealed that he went on camping and remembered removing a tick from his leg. Which of the following diseases is most likely causin...
Lyme disease
Ehrlichiosis
Rocky Mountain spotted fever
Q fever
1b
single
All the listed diseases except Q fever are tick-borne. The rickettsia C. burnetii causes Q fever, and humans are usually infected by aerosol of a sporelike form shed in milk, urine, feces, or placenta of infected sheep, cattle, or goats. Lyme disease is caused by a spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi, and produces the cha...
Microbiology
Systemic Bacteriology (Haemophilus, Yersinia, Spirochaetes, Ricketssia, Chlamydia, Mycoplasma and Miscellaneous Bacteria)
2f9623cf-80b4-4e4d-a014-5a9f73d66563
The causative agent of Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis is:
Endolimax nana
Dientamoeba fragilis
Naegleria fowleri
Entamoeba histolytica
2c
single
(C) Naegleria fowleri # Human infection of naegleria comes from water containing the amoebae and usually follows swimming or diving in ponds.> Patients are mostly previously healthy young adults and children.> The amoebae invade the nasal mucosa, pass through the olfactory nerve and initiate an acute meningitis and enc...
Microbiology
Misc.
c20d83da-2a5b-499e-803b-98d88f45da74
Adult polycystic kidney disease is inherited:March 2005
X-linked dominant
X-linked recessive
Autosomal recessive
Autosomal dominant
3d
single
Ans. D: Autosomal dominantAutosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is one of the most common inherited disorders. It is the most frequent genetic cause of renal failure in adults,It is a multisystemic and progressive disorder characterized by the formation and enlargement of cysts in the kidney and other or...
Pathology
null
3f8127ff-c402-4b50-baa4-40663ae3ef9f
A 5-year-old child refuses to sleep in his bed, claiming there are monsters in his closet and that he has bad dreams. The parents allow him to sleep with them in their bed to avoid the otherwise inevitable screaming fit. The parents note that the child sleeps soundly, waking only at sunrise. Choose the sleep disturbanc...
Night terrors
Nightmares
Learned behavior
Obstructive sleep apnea
2c
multi
Sleep disturbances are fairly common in childhood. Many children resist going to bed, and parents frequently give in just to get the child to sleep by allowing the child to sleep in the parents' bed or allowing them to stay up late. Unfortunately, children learn remarkably well how to get what they want, and the parent...
Pediatrics
Growth, Development, and Behavior
dc2b590f-7616-46df-bfb3-9d3305896751
Monetary benefit is measured in
Program budgeting system
Network analysis
Cost effective analysis
cost benefit analysis
3d
single
ref : park 21st ed
Social & Preventive Medicine
All India exam
c390a8ea-bd2a-4bd6-a327-20172b4a9d2c
A 26-year-old woman complains of early fatigue and weakness in doing strenuous activity. Her symptoms are worse near the end of the day. She appears well, muscle bulk, tone, and reflexes are normal. Handgrip strength decreases with repetitive testing.For the above patient with muscle weakness, select the most likely an...
anterior horn cell
peripheral nerve
neuromuscular junction
muscle
2c
multi
Diurnal fluctuations and pathologic fatigue are common in disorders of neuromuscular transmission (e.g., myasthenia gravis). (Ropper, pp. 1250-1251)
Medicine
C.N.S.
a2f375ee-6b9a-4ed0-898b-9e5ad18c401d
Reichert-Meissl number:
0.1 N KOH
0.5 KOH
0.1 N NaOH
0.5 NaOH
0a
single
Ans. A. 0.1NKOHReichert-Meissl number is defined as the number of moles of 0.1NKOH required to Completely neutralize the soluble volatile fatty acids distilled from 5g fat.
Biochemistry
Structure & Function of Protein
186c1062-d8f9-4545-bf0b-4ec175c538c2
This kind of graph can be seen in all of the following condition except
Ventilatory malfunction
hypoventilation
hyperventilation
malignant hyperpyrexia
2c
multi
In hyperventilation the EtCO2 value will decrease. Increases ETCO2 is seen in thyrotoxicosis, fever (increased CO2production) and high spinal anesthesia (alveolar hypoventilation). Factors affecting ETCO2 Increased ETCO2 Decreased ETCO2 Metabolism Hypehermia Fever Thyrotoxicosis Pain Shivering Metabolism Hypothermia Me...
Anaesthesia
Anaesthesia Q Bank
cca03ea7-c10f-42cd-9559-934485f90c8a
A patient was hospitalized after an automobile accident. The wounds became infected and the patient was treated with tobramycin, carbenicillin, and clindamycin. Five days after antibiotic therapy was initiated, the patient developed severe diarrhea and pseudomembranous enterocolitis. Antibioticassociated diarrhea and t...
Clostridium sordellii
Clostridium perfringens
Clostridium difficile
S. aureus
2c
single
Patients treated with antibiotics develop diarrhea that, in most cases, is self-limiting. However, in some instances, paicularly in those patients treated with ampicillin or clindamycin, a severe, life-threatening pseudomembranous enterocolitis develops. This disease has characteristic histopathology, and membranous pl...
Microbiology
Bacteriology
12f73af4-5f3c-4bf4-8c87-19359487f80d
Which of the following muscle is derived from 1st pharyngeal arch ? (2019)
Anterior belly of digastric
Posterior belly of digastric
Stylopharyngeus
Tensor tympani
0a
single
.
Anatomy
All India exam
85cabf43-4f55-452e-ba1e-6a9aec2da054
Which of the following is an autosomal dominant metabolic disorder -
Cystic fibrosis
Phenylketonuria
Alpha-I anti-trypsin deficiency
Familial hypercholesterolemia
3d
single
Mutations involving single genes follow one of three patterns of inheritance: autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, or X-linked. Autosomal Dominant Inheritance Familial hypercholesterolemia Huntington disease Marfan syndrome Ehlers-Danlos syndrome Hereditary spherocytosis Neurofibromatosis, type 1 Adult polycystic k...
Pathology
General pathology
ce8e671c-f257-4643-af71-e291a566b65d
Which of the following statements is true about capillaries
Contains 5% of total blood volume
Contain 10% of total blood volume
Velocity of blood flow is maximum
Offer maximum resistance to blood flow
0a
multi
Capillaries contain 5% of the blood volume.
Physiology
null
f29063e9-8b67-4afc-ba61-970572d51f6c
A Patient falls down often with behavioral change and enuresis. What is the condition associated with him?
Frontotemporal dementia
Normal pressure hydrocephalus
Parkinson's disease
Alzheimer's disease
1b
multi
Ans- B. Normal pressure hydrocephalus Frontotemporal dementia - Associated with poor behavioral control, decision making, and language.Normal-pressure hydrocephalus - Associated with gait disturbance, behavioural change, enuresis, and dementia.Parkinson's disease - Associated with tremor and muscular stiffnessAlzheimer...
Psychiatry
null
769b0394-d70e-42af-9889-8f57c98c39df
Life spon of a housefly ?
1-2 days
5-10 days
10-15 days
15-20 days
3d
single
Ans. is 'd' i.e., 15-20 days Houseflies 'Houseflies should be regarded as a sign of insanitation' and their number as index of that sanitation. Impoant species : Musca domestica, M. vicinia, M. nebula, M. sorbens Life span : 15-25 days Eggs : 8-24 hours Larvae (maggots) : 2-7 days Pupae : 3-6 days Adults : 5-20 days Im...
Social & Preventive Medicine
null
f206d675-dadc-4bb3-833f-0f5a2c2300af
Threshold radiation dose for hematological syndrome is?
2 Gy
6 Gy
15 Gy
50 Gy
0a
single
Ans. is'a'i.e., 2 GyBone marrow or hematological syndrome:- Full syndrome occurs with a dose between 0.7 and 3 Gy (70-300 rads).The destruction of bone marrow cells results in pancytopenia.
Radiology
null
45f1f053-423c-4e42-8e53-89c51e2b8a4f
Which of the following drug causes hemorrhagic cystitis ?
Cyclophosphamide
Cycloserine
Ciprofloxacin
Cyclosporine
0a
single
null
Pharmacology
null
547bbe6f-6b25-4205-9307-84e6a79f1467
Causes of reduced bioavailability of a drug includes
High first pass metabolism
Increased absorption
IV drug administration
High lipid solubility
0a
single
When the metabolism of a drug is high during its passage from the site of absorption into the systemic circulation, the rate, and extent of absorption of that drug decreases. absorption- amount of drug reaching the systemic circulation from the site of administration (Ref.Essentials of medical pharmacology TD Tripathi ...
Pharmacology
Endocrinology
2531f592-19ff-42d8-95f2-427de8bbdfb2
Which strain of streptococci is implicated in neonatal meningitis is:
Group-A
Group-B
Group-C
Group-D
1b
single
Group-B
Microbiology
null
1b7ffa5a-8453-40e6-b2e6-8ebd70d26ec2
ASO (Antistreptolysin o) test Is used for the diagnosis of-
Rheumatoid ahritis
Typhoid fever
Rheumatic fever
Rickettsial fever
2c
single
Ref: R Alagappan - Manual of Practical Medicine 4th Edition.pg no:146-147 Jones Criteria for Diagnosis of Rheumatic Fever Major Criteria Carditis Pancarditis, seen in 50-60% of patients, develops within the first 2 weeks of rheumatic fever. Pericarditis is evidenced by presence of a pericardial rub, myocarditis by tach...
Medicine
C.V.S
9ee2ce0a-0afc-4fc3-9740-2612ce6a116b
All the following enzymes are involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics except
Hydroxylase
Cytochrome oxidase
Cytochrome P450
Methylase
1b
multi
Oxidation, reduction, and hydroxylation are phase 1 reactionsCyp. 450 is the most common enzyme involved in the metabolism of various drugs in phase 1 and phase 2.Methylase - phase 2 reactionRef: Goodman Gillman 11th ed, pg 71
Pharmacology
General pharmacology
e1c4c376-3789-4e0c-be4b-a48eda596e75
Which of the following sites is not involved in a posterior cerebral aery infarct:
Midbrain
Thalamus
Temporal lobe
Anterior Coex
3d
single
Answer is D (Anterior Coex) : Anterior Coex (Frontal lobe) is not involved in posterior cerebral aery infarct Posterior Cerebral Aery infarcts The posterior Cerebral Aery supplies the midbrain, thalamus, lateral geniculate bodies, posterior poion of choroid plexus, occipital lobes, inferior and medial aspect of the tem...
Medicine
null
4b07da44-f10e-4059-b318-f6f61e1a29ec
For a weight of 98 kgs and height of 175 cms, BMI is:
28
32
36
46
1b
single
32
Social & Preventive Medicine
null
b50c885d-cc4e-4495-a848-f667a32f9df1
Highest fat content is present in:
Rice
Wheat
Bajra
Jowar
2c
single
Fat content of food items: Food item Fat content Jowar 4% Bajra 6.5% - Highest fat content Rice 3% Wheat 3%
Social & Preventive Medicine
Proteins, Fats, Rich Sources
068c6788-406e-40bf-8a95-b9f30debe91f
Most accurate treatment of erectile dysfunction:
Sildenafil
Master and johnson technique
B-blockers
Papaverine
0a
single
A i.e. SildenafilSildenafil is only approved & effective oral agent for erectile dysfunctionQ. It is useful in wide range of e.d.including - pyschogenic, diabetogenic, vasculogenic, post radical prostatectomy (nerve sparing procedure) & spinal cord injury.It acts by inhibiting phosphodiesterase - 5 (PDE-5)Q & releasing...
Psychiatry
null
0415d880-674a-46ba-b86d-4a44d38885df
Secondary amyloidosis complicates which of the following
Pneumonia
Chronic glomerulonephritis
Irritable bowel sydrome
Chronic osteomyelitis
3d
single
Ref Robbins 9/e p257;8/e p253;7/e p261 TB , bronchiectasis and chronic osteomyelitis were the most impoant underlying conditions but with the advent of effective antimicrobial chemotherapy the connective tissue disorders such as rheumatoid ahritis , ankylosing spondylitis and inflammation bowel disease . paicularly cro...
Anatomy
General anatomy
47d48d6c-6314-4917-be3b-6d78c4164e93
A patient underwent breast conservation surgery for 3 cm lesion along with sentinel lymph node biopsy., which showed one-third of sentinel lymph nodes are positive for macrometastasis. Next step is
Completion axillary lymph node dissection chemotherapy and radiotherapy
MRM with level I lymphadenectomy
MRM with level III lymphadenectomy
Only chemotherapy and radiotherapy
0a
multi
Lymphatic metastasis in Carcinoma Breast: Lymphatic spread in CA breast occurs through subareolar lymphatic plexus of Sappey&;s lymphatic plexus, cutaneous lymphatics & inflammatory lymphatics. Lymphatic metastasis occurs primarily to the axillary (75%) & internal mammary lymph nodes. Tumors in the posterior one-third ...
Surgery
Endocrinology and breast
a47f8500-620a-4207-aeab-706ec128acc8
“Smack” is the “common” name for
Heroin
Cocaine
Opium
None
0a
multi
Heroin or di-acetyl-morphine is about two times more potent than morphine in injectable form. Apart from the parenteral mode of administration, heroin can also be smoked or ‘chased’ ( chasing the dragon), often in an impure form (called ‘ smack’ or ‘ brown sugar’ in India). Heroin is more addicting than morphine and c...
Psychiatry
null
8525419b-3c39-4124-813c-b1c02b0810de
All of the following are signs of uterine scar dehiscence except: September 2009
Tachycardia
Fetal distress
Strong uterine contractions
Falling BP
2c
multi
Ans. C: Strong Uterine Contractions The signs and symptoms of uterine rupture largely depend on the timing, site, and extent of the uterine defect. Uterine rupture at the site of a previous uterine scar is typically less violent and less dramatic than a spontaneous or traumatic rupture because the scar is relatively av...
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
null
e2c942c9-b750-4e59-a3d3-906cd5be7c5e
Young female with 3 day fever presents with headache, BP 90/60 mmHg, Hea rate of 114/min, and pin point spots developed distal to BP cuff. Most likely organism is:
Brucella abous
Brucella suis
N. meningitidis
Staphylococcus aureus
2c
single
Ans. (c). i.e. N. meningitidis The patient here is under state of shock (hypotension, tachycardia) in conjunction with meningitis (headache fever)and rash. Meningococcal meningitis is the most common meningitis complicated by shock. CLINICAL MANIFESTATION OF MENINGOCOCCAL DISEASE Rash A nonblanching rash (petechial or ...
Microbiology
null
5ba62b8f-9bcd-4646-b9b0-59c0b5374ff6
The most impoant cells in type I hypersensitivity
Macrophages
Mast cells
Neutrophils
Lymphocytes
1b
single
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Mast cells Type I hypersensitivity (Immediate hypersensitivity) o It is a rapidly developing immunological reaction occuring within minutes after the combination of an antigen with antibody bound to mast cells in individuals previously sensitized to the antigen. o Immediate hypersensitivity reactions ...
Pathology
null
67bb2115-61fc-4a83-a29c-5e67868c9d58
Atrial fibrillation may occur in all the following conditions, except-
Mitral stenosis
Hypothyroidism
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Mitral regurgitation
1b
multi
Answer is B (Hypothroidism) Atrial Fibrillation is associated with hypehyroidism and not hypothyroidism Impoant causes of Atrial Fibrillation Cardiovascular causes of Atrial Fibrillation Rheumatic Hea disease (Includes mitral stenosis and mitral regurgitation) Non Rheumatic Mitral valve disease Chronic Hypeension Cardi...
Medicine
null
1572cbab-f2d2-4e6d-bb21-971d8e8fcaea
High Glycemic index is defined as value more than?
55
60
70
100
2c
single
High Glycemic index foods have values of 70 or greater and include baked potato, white bread and white rice. Low Glycemic index foods have values of 55 or lesser and include multi grain breads, pasta, legumes.
Medicine
Diabetes Mellitus
dd8d6da5-ea32-43ac-aefe-d261770561e5
Threshold of hearing in a young normal adult is ?
0 dB
10 dB
20 dB
30 dB
0a
single
Ans. is'a'i.e.,0 dBAudiometric zeroThreshold of hearing, i.e. The faintest intensity which a normal healthy person can hear will vary from person to person.The International Standards Organisation (ISO) adopted a standard for this, which is represented as the zero level on the audiometer (0 dB).According to ISO, audiom...
ENT
null
09c3f34a-2b4e-4d25-95be-5400d3505f02
A 4 years old child suffered from a fall on outstretched hand. X rays revealed a fracture with the fracture line at the physes with a small metaphyseal fragment. There was no epiphyseal fracture. What type of injury by Salter harris Classification is this?
I
II
III
IV
1b
multi
(Refer: Mohindra’s Fundamentals of Orthopedics, 2nd edition, pg no. 510) Type II: the fracture involves the physis and a triangle of metaphyseal bone (Thurston Holland sign).  This is the commonest type of epiphyseal injury accounting for 73 percent of cases over 10 years of age.
Unknown
null
93b5dafd-5a7a-4ea7-bec3-c425a3165d6c
Positive hepatojugular reflux is found in all of the following conditions except -
Tricuspid regurgitation
Right heart failure
Decreased after load
Increased capillary bed pressure
2c
multi
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Associated with decreased afterload [Ref: CMDT 2007p. 318; British Medical Journal May 1999\ Hepatojugular refluxThis is done by applying firm pressure with the palm of the hand to the right upper quadrant of the abdomen for 10- 30 seconds with the patients breathing quietly while the jugular vein is ...
Medicine
Liver
495f0900-664e-40bb-aee1-3b9ed066445f
A neurodevelopmental disorder which is characterized by impaired social interaction, impaired verbal and nonverbal communication, and restricted and repetitive behavior is description for:
Autism
Anxiety disorder
Antisocial personality disorder
Paranoid schizophrenia
0a
single
Autistic disorder (childhood autism) Social deficits. Examples include babies who don't like being held, and also reduced eye contact, unusual facial expressions, lack of gestures, poor understanding of others' feelings, lack of empathy, and few peer relationships. Communication deficits. Speech in autistic children sh...
Psychiatry
Psychoanalysis
9bd8f193-5321-420a-bb9b-f0b753bc6c95
Adrenal aldosteronoma is best diagnosed by -
HRCT
MRI
JVP
KUB
0a
single
Ans is option 1 HRCT The usual screening test is to measure the serum potassium level. If it is low, diagnostic tests are done including measuring blood and urinary aldosterone levels and blood renin levels. In Conn's syndrome, the aldosterone is elevated and the renin is suppressed. If these tests are diagnostic then ...
Medicine
Endocrinology
38155835-cc1e-47d5-81d4-0a7d66fc0fae
A 70 year old male chronic smoker is diagnosed of having cancer of the urinary bladder. It is confined to the trigone and extention is upto the submucosa. The management would be
Complete transurethral resction
Complete transurethral resection with intravesical chemotherapy
Palliative radiotherapy
Radical cystectomy
1b
multi
Answer- B. Complete transurethral resection with intravesical chemotherapyTreatment-T1Complete TUR followed by intravesical chemo- or immunotherapy or radical cystectomy
Surgery
null
92ca23bf-50f0-4ae9-9b09-37f2bc1cac64
Weakness of extensor Hallucis longus is due to which nerve root mainly?
L5
L4
S1
S2
0a
multi
Ans. is 'a' i.e., L5 Important muscles and their chief myotomesMuscleMyotomeExtensor Hallucis LongusL5Tibialis anteriorL4Flexor Hallucis LongusS1GastrosoleusS1Gluteus Medius and MinimusL5Gluteus MaximusS1Quadriceps FemorisL3
Anatomy
Lower Extremity
ee1d1c6b-3c4e-48c7-bc39-9bd0e9db28fd
Which of the following is not branch of the basilar aery ?
Labrynthine aery
Anterior inferior cerebellar aery
Pontine aery
Posterior communicating aery
3d
single
Posterior communicating aery is a branch of internal carotid aery. The other branches of basilar aery are: Superior cerebellar aery Posterior cerebral aeries . The branches of cerebral pa of internal carotid aery are: Ophthalmic aery Anterior cerebral aery Middle cerebral aery Posterior communicating aery Anterior chor...
Anatomy
Brain