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583121fc-95c1-4e8a-bd7d-f80f1d223566 | Scar endometriosis can occur following : | Classical Cesarean Section | Hysterotomy | Episiotomy | All of the above | 3d | multi | Ans. is d i.e. All of the above Endometriosis sometimes occurs in abdominal wall scars following operations on uterus or tubes and is known as Scar endometriosis. Operations most likely to be followed by scar endometriosis Hysterotomydeg * Classical cesarean sectiondeg Myomectomydeg * Ventrofixationdeg Following operat... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
846be67d-4d7b-4eea-b950-c81d2fd17e08 | Which of the following is the most common predisposing factor for placenta accreta? | Myomectomy | Recent curettage | Previous cesarean section | Placenta pre | 3d | single | Placenta accreta is the attachment of placenta directly to the myometrium without any intervening decidua basalis Impoant risk factor : * Placenta pre ( most common ) * Prior cesarean section | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Placenta - Types and their complications |
c57f9567-484b-45ce-b570-a2e35abbdbe9 | What is the best characterizes of the sinusoids | Have smaller diameter than lymph capillaries | Are not found in skeletal muscle | Have a continuous endothelial lining | Have a continuous basement membrane | 1b | multi | sinusoids - In some tissues the 'exchange' network is made up of vessels that are somewhat different from capillaries, and are called sinusoids. Sinusoids are found typically in organs that are made up of cords or plates of cells. These include the liver, the adrenal coex, the hypophysis cerebri, and the parathyroid gl... | Anatomy | General anatomy |
de51cebe-a745-4538-ab7c-e066f4c0b07f | The chest CXR of patient shows? | Emphysema | Reticular shadows | Batwing edema | Kerley B lines | 1b | single | CXR shows the presence of reticular nodular shadows in both lung fields. Choice A is ruled out since emphysema shows hyperinflation with flattening of the diaphragm. Choice C and D are associated with increased CT ratio and cardiac borders can be ruled out. Hence answer by exclusion is choice B | Medicine | Interstitial Lung Disease |
c8dd1209-766f-4901-8ec0-6a83d54510d9 | Elschnig&;s pearls are a sign of | Secondary cataract | Cystoid macular oedema | Chronic uveitis | All of the above | 0a | multi | After cataract It is also known as 'secondary cataract'. It is the opacity which persists or develops after extracapsular lens extraction. Causes: (i) Residual opaque lens matter may persist as after cataract when it is imprisoned between the remains of the anterior and posterior capsule, surrounded by fibrin (followin... | Ophthalmology | Lens |
5954e5fb-b9c6-4e0b-836f-5dd56503a6cb | Regarding urinary bladder stone one is Not true ? | Common in Paediatric pt in tropics than that of non tropical areas | Uric acid stones are dropped from above | Jack stone is due to urea splitting bacteria | Commonly distal passage obstruction cause stone | 1b | multi | Answer is 'b' i.e. Uric acid stones are dropped from above It is the oxalate stones that are usually dropped from above (i.e. formed in the kidney and dropped in the bladder through ureter). Uric acid stones are mostly formed within the bladder. In general most of the bladder calculi are formed within the bladder itsel... | Surgery | null |
7b660d57-98de-454d-aa47-292b265f3ec2 | A 13 year old boy has bilateral gynecomastia. i is height is 148 cm, weight 58 kg; the sexual maturity rating is stage 2. The gynecomastia is most likely due to – | Prolactinoma | Testicular tumour | Pubertal gynecomastia | Chronic liver disease | 2c | single | null | Pediatrics | null |
edda2042-4ce7-49bf-8b78-c128ba93381d | Following is used to stain fungi | PAS | Fontana stain | Ferrous trichrome | Pearls prussian blue | 0a | single | null | Pathology | null |
2fb7dc3b-1c9c-4523-81e5-f638a6d60476 | Fluoresciene stain is used in the eye to stain ? | Cornea | Retina | Choroid | Iris | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Cornea Impoant corneal examinations Keratometry, Corneal topography Specular microscopy Slit lamp Pachymeter Placido's disc Fluorescein, Alacian blue & Bengal rose stain Window reflex, slit lamp biomicroscopy, Placidos' disc Used for Curvature of cornea Corneal endothelial density Corneal opacity Thic... | Ophthalmology | null |
0b024109-b675-4d63-aa96-6594b245f35f | Hea failure cells are - | Lipofuscin granules in cardiac cells | Pigmented alveolar macrophages | Pigmented pancreatic acinar cells | Pigment cells seen in liver | 1b | single | Ans. is `b' i.e., Pigmented alveolar macrophageso Hea failure cells (siderophages) are hemosiderin containing macrophages in alveoli that are seen in left ventricular failure and denote previous episodes of pulmonary edema.Left sided hea failure o The major morphological and clinical effects of LVF are due increased ba... | Pathology | null |
c333ea69-4004-464a-8b28-8ad492afc746 | Submental lymph nodes drains from - | Centre of lower lips | Posterior 1 /3 of tongue | Anterior 2/3 of tongue | Angle of mouth | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Centre of lower lips Submental lymph nodeso These lymph nodes lie on the mylohyoid in the submental triangle. The receive afferents from superficial tissue below chin, central part of lower lip, adjoining gums, anterior part of the floor of the mouth and tip of the tongue. These nodes, themselves, dra... | Anatomy | Oral Cavity & Tongue |
a65c561a-3316-49be-bd2d-1a624d03bf8c | Amoebic liver abscess most commonly affects - | Right lobe of liver | Left lobe of liver | Portal vein | Right pleural cavity | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Right lobe of liver Amoebic Liver abscesso Caused by Entamoeba histolytica whose cysts are acquired through the feco-oral route and their trophozoites reach the liver through portal venous systemo Like pyogenic abscess they are also common in rt. lobe of livero Clinical Picture# the typical clinical p... | Surgery | Hepatic Tumors, Cysts, and Abscesses |
4d94fb8f-f3be-4392-a555-2256015f61d4 | Apple-jelly nodules is/are seen in: | Lupus vulgaris | DLE | Lichen planus | Psoriasis | 0a | single | Ans: A (Lupus vulgaris) Apple jelly nodules:characterized by yellow-brown nodules with tiny darker granules. On probing, the noduies are soft jelly-like"- Neena Khanna 3rd/217Lupus Vulgaris Neena Khanna 3rd/217MorphologySingle (or few) lesions.Well demarcated, annular or arcuate plaques which slowly extend centrifugall... | Skin | C. Mycobacteria |
72f2d5c0-9419-4fc5-a396-b8316e5d68ee | Both PT and APTT are prolonged in - | Factor II deficiency | Thrombocytopenia | Factor VII deficiency | Heparin therapy | 0a | multi | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Factor II deficiencyo Prolongation of both PT and A PPT is typically seen in deficiency of involoved in the common pathway, namely factor //, factor V and factor X (and fibrinogen).o Heparin in clinical concentrations is typically associated with isolated prolongation of APTT while PT is normal be cau... | Medicine | Bleeding and Thrombotic Disorders |
b205e045-f3af-4dc9-9049-d348a22b1c87 | Fejereskov and Thylstrup index is used for | Caries Index in primary teeth | Index to measure Fluorosis | Gingival Bleeding Index | Periodontal Index | 1b | single | null | Dental | null |
a875ff74-4138-4641-816c-c1037cecf34d | At which level the somites initially form- | Thoracic level | Cervical level | Lumbar level | Sacral level | 1b | multi | The first pair of somites develop a short distance posterior to the cranial end of the notochord, and the rest of the somites from caudally. | Anatomy | null |
3c621a20-423a-48e1-ba8f-bf4d4759fce5 | An infant has papulovesicular lesions on palms, soles, face and trunk. The diagnosis would he | Scabies | Atopic dermatitis | Uicaria | Seborrhoic dermatitis | 0a | single | Ans. a. Scabies Scabies: Primary lesions are of three types:Q Burrow: Serpentine (S-shaped) path traversed by parasite in stratum corneumQ. It is pathognomic of lesion. Papules and papulovesicles: Due to hypersensitivityto the mite Fine pin head size follicular papules Scalp, face, palms and soles are characteristicall... | Skin | null |
167efc54-fa4d-4d2c-904b-b36cf7040875 | Blood supply of femoral head is: | Femoral aery | Obturator aery | Internal pudendal aery | All | 1b | multi | B i.e. Obturator aery | Anatomy | null |
2bf471cf-6bce-4665-bffa-7e06e131c2e6 | Hyperpolarization is due to | Influx of chlorine | Influx of potassium | Influx of sodium | All | 0a | multi | In hyperpolarization the membrane becomes more negative It is due to continued potassium efflux or chloride ion influx. Ref:Guyton and Hall textbook of medical physiology 12th edition,page number:67,68,69 | Anatomy | General anatomy |
fd61091f-97e0-4d50-9ea4-9f325c7f662b | Which of the following cancer makes up the majority in reproductive tract neoplasms during pregnancy? | Vaginal | Cervical | Uterine | Ovarian | 1b | single | Cancer in the reproductive tract may also complicate pregnancy and of these cervical neoplasia makes up the majority.Cervical > Ovary > Uterus, Vulva or Vagina(Ref: William's Obstetrics; 25th edition) | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | All India exam |
5d9a0623-6ec1-4dc5-bf90-8b6e0b42049f | Resistance to acyclovir is most commonly due to mutation in a viral gene that encodes a protein that: | Conves viral RNA into DNA | Phosphorylates acyclovir | transpos acyclovir into the cell | Transpos acyclovir out of the cell | 1b | single | (Ref: KDT 6/e p768) Nucleoside/tide analogues (like acyclovir) act by conveing to NTPs. First phosphorylation step occurs inside the virs and resistance occurs if there is mutation in this gene. | Pharmacology | Other topics and Adverse effects |
f74bef4a-c236-4fa2-8e13-13faa3e3b47f | Which of the following stages of gypsum expansion shows initial crystal growth? | I | II | III | IV | 1b | single | Imagine that the initial mix is represented in the figure (stage I) by the three round particles of hemihydrate surrounded by water.
Under normal setting conditions, the crystals of the dihydrate begin to form on the nuclei. The water around the particles is reduced by hydration and these particles are drawn more close... | Dental | null |
923fbe25-caa5-4388-9465-63b9133a416c | In neonates, spinal cord ends at:March 2010 and 2012, March 2013 | L1 | L2 | L3 | L4 | 2c | single | Ans. C: L3 | Anatomy | null |
f2a070f5-c219-4479-b9df-acf2ca2123e3 | Which of the following is the most important interaction in the formation of cell membrane lipid bilayer and in lipid-protein interaction? | Hydrophobic interactions | Both hydrophobic and convalent interactions | Covalent bonds | Hydrogen bonds | 0a | multi | Interactions in the cell membrane.
- Hydrophobic (most important)–
Between lipids- Information of lipid bilayer
Transmembrane proteins and lipids
- Van der walls interaction
Between lipids- Information of lipid bilayer
Transmembrane proteins and lipids
- Electrostatic bonds
Between transmemb... | Physiology | null |
19383a25-6995-4415-a34b-7e5ae4da4563 | Spot the diagnosis in the following IVU | Horse shoe kidney | Bladder diveiculum | Pelvic mass | Ectopic kidney | 3d | single | Note the ectopic kidney seen in the pelvis on left side above the urinary bladder. This patient had solitary right kidney, which was normal in position. Ectopic kidneys are found in one in 1000 people, usually on the left near the pelvic brim. The other kidney is generally normal. A diseased ectopic kidney may present ... | Radiology | Genitourinary radiology |
c6d037fd-bbc7-43b4-a3ef-bf05ce9c4eab | Which of the following is true regarding the principle of use of MRCP | Intra liminal dye is used to create the three dimension view of the structures | Dye is instilled percutaneously first then MRI is used | Use of heavily T2-weighted image without contrast to create the three dimensional image of the biliary tree using MIP algorithm | Use of systemic Gadolinium as a contrast agent to create the three dimensional image of the biliary tree | 2c | multi | MRI cholangiography and MRI cholangiopancreaticography (MRCP) are imaging techniques used to evaluate the biliary system. Heavily T2- weighted images are used to provide an overview of the biliary system and pancreatic duct Excellent diagnostic - quality images are obtainable, with high sensitivity and specificity for ... | Anatomy | G.I.T |
9a05da9b-02ba-4a30-a5e2-2d5cb2298df4 | A 5 years old boy presents with hepatomegaly, hypoglycaemia, ketosis. The diagnosis is: | Mucopolysaccharidosis | Glycogen storage disorder | Lipopolysaccharidosis | Diabetes mellitus | 1b | single | Ans. B. Glycogen Storage Disorder(Ref: Nelson 20e Chapter 715 Defects in metabolism of Carbohydrates)Patients with type IGSD may present in the neonatal period with hypoglycemia and lactic acidosisThese children often have doll-like faces with fat cheeks, relatively thin extremities, short stature, and a protuberant ab... | Biochemistry | Carbohydrates |
dce8de49-8525-4e50-a17c-4e770c840a87 | Early fusion of coronal suture along with other skull sutures is seen in: | Brachycephaly | Oxycephaly | Trigonocephaly | Scapocephaly | 1b | single | Premature closure of the coronal suture results in a ahigh, tower-like cranium, called oxycephaly or turricephaly. It is more common in females. | Anatomy | null |
855cf896-4f81-4f71-94ba-c5076d3ba405 | In Hanup's disease, the following amino acids are excreted into the urine | Basic amino acids | Acidic amino acids | Neutral amino acids | Hydrophilic aminoacids | 2c | single | Hanup disease reflects impaired intestinal and renal transpo of tryptophan and other neutral amino acids.The defect limits tryptophan availability for niacin biosynthesis and accounts for the pellagra-like signs and symptomsHarper 30th edition Pg: 308 | Biochemistry | Metabolism of protein and amino acid |
985953c7-eb82-4a46-9205-5d5e86a2c3f3 | The contribution of operation of sodium potassium electrogenic pump for the development of net -90 millivolt on resting membrane potential is | -4 millivolt | -80 millivolt | -70 millivolt | +4 millivolt | 0a | single | null | Surgery | null |
86e0203a-807c-46ee-aa01-8769ac31c285 | Malleus and Incus are derived from? | First arch | Second arch | Third arch | Fouh arch | 0a | multi | A i.e. First arch | Anatomy | null |
db773618-4e3a-4c1a-b2d2-8da77cb74621 | Which of the following is known to cause Pedal Botryomycosis - | Actinomyces somaliensis | Nocardia asteroides | Staphylococcus aureus | All of the above | 2c | multi | null | Microbiology | null |
1a75f21b-fae8-4c17-b4a1-732899826a80 | A farmer is found convulsing in the farm. Diarrhea, sweating and urination are apparent. Pupils are pin point. Drug poisoning is suspected. Most probable cause is: | Acetaminophen overdose | Amphetamine toxicity | Organophosphate poisoning | Atropine poisoning | 2c | single | Ans. C. Organophosphate poisoningThese are characteristic features of anti-cholinesterase (organophosphate and carbamate) poisoning.A. Symptom due to muscarinic actions: (DUMBELS)* Diarrhoea, Diaphoresis* Urination* Miosis* Bronchoconstriction* Excitation CNS* Lacrimation,* SalivationB. Symptom due to nicotinic action:... | Pharmacology | Anaesthesia |
bcd2bd64-68a5-437f-a0e4-1990576cf211 | In post-ductal coarctation of aoa, collaterals may be formed by which of the following: | Veebral aery | Suprascapular aery | Subscapular aery | None | 3d | multi | Suprascapular aery, Subscapular aery, Posterior intercostal aery and Veebral Aery may all form channels for collateral ciculation in coarctation of aoa. The veebral aery is probably the least prominent pathway for collateral circulation amongst the options provided and hence may be accepted as the single best answer by... | Anatomy | null |
b0fa4358-b1d3-4405-8b29-2c0dab66816c | Which enzymatic mutation is responsible for immortaity of cancer cells | DNA reverse transcipatase | RNA polymerase | Telomerase | DNA polymerase | 2c | single | Prevention of telomere shortening with every cell division, due to activity of telomerase is the cause of immortality in cancer cells, germ cells, and stem cells as it protects from cellular aging and apoptosis. | Biochemistry | null |
eaa79ce5-2cda-4404-9c7e-4aa7176a8cb6 | Because of an inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's disease) and a small bowel obstruction leading to bowel ischemia, an elderly woman requires bypass of her ileum and jejunum and is scheduled for a gastrocolostomy. The surgeon will ligate all aeries that send branches to the stomach. Which of the following aeries may be... | Splenic aery | Gastroduodenal aery | Inferior pancreaticoduodenal aery | Left gastroepiploic aery | 2c | multi | The inferior pancreaticoduodenal aery does not supply the stomach. All the other aeries supply the stomach. | Anatomy | Stomach and aerial supply of abdomen |
18817371-aae2-4e83-9db8-732b06531d7a | Multiple drug resistance is transferred through - | Transduction | Transformation | Conjugation | Mutation | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Conjugation Resistance to multiple drugs is transmitted by R factor (plasmid) o R factor is transferred from one bacterium to other by conjugation. o Transduction and mutation usually cause resistance to one drug. o Transformation is not involved significantly in drug resistance. | Pharmacology | null |
fa2e5107-26ee-487d-97a7-7a957e4a5eca | Which line of death ceificate represent major antecedent cause of death - | Ia | Ib | Ic | II | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Ic International death ceificate The basis of moality data is death ceificate. For ensuring national and international comparability, it is necessary to have a uniform and standardized system of recording and classifying deaths. For this purpose WHO has recommended international death ceificate. Consi... | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
52854007-73d3-45e5-9b38-ef30cda2723a | Which of the following is not associated with mucous secretion? | Paneth cell | Goblet cell | Brunner's glands | Crypts of Lieberkuhn | 0a | single | Panthet cells are not associated with mucous secretion, it secretes lysozyme and also has some phagocytic functions. Goblet cells are specialized mucus secreting cells present throughout the intestine. Brunners glands are found in the submucosa of small intestine, they produce viscid, mucoid, alkaline secretion which n... | Physiology | null |
dcc3c697-23eb-4dca-bfdc-4d3c3f35115f | Which of the following cranial nerves do not carry parasympathetic outflow | Occulomotor | Trochlear | Facial | Glossopharyngeal | 1b | single | Parasympathetic cranial nerves are 3-occulomotor 7-facial 9-glossopharyngeal 10-vagus Refer kDT 7/e p78 | Pharmacology | Autonomic nervous system |
697a4432-84aa-49fc-9be9-52f7f71abfc4 | Which is not given in anaphylactic reaction? | Epinephrine | Anti-histamine | Blood transfusion | Beta-adrenergic agonists | 2c | single | null | Pharmacology | null |
da2e7620-e32d-4298-b5bd-eb6f5b5e1908 | A hospitalized patient has an ejection fraction of 0.4, a hea rate of 95 beats/min, and a cardiac output of 3.5 L/min. What is the patient's end-diastolic volume? | 14 mL | 37 mL | 55 mL | 92 mL | 3d | single | First, calculate stroke volume from the cardiac output and hea rate: Cardiac output = stroke volume x hea rate; thus, stroke volume = cardiac output/ hea rate = 3500 mL/95 beats/min = 36.8 mL. Then, calculate end-diastolic volume from stroke volume and ejection fraction: Ejection fraction = stroke volume/end-diastolic ... | Physiology | Cardiac Output |
9e758ccb-3bcc-461d-a31b-0feb910ee961 | Phantom limb is an example of disorder of: | Thought | Perception | Cognition | None of the above | 1b | multi | Perception is defined as any information which is perceived through sensory organs In phantom limb, the patient feels sensations in the amputated limb which in reality is not present. Hence, it's a disorder of perception. | Psychiatry | Basics of Psychiatry |
9011e96e-d8d9-481d-9847-19b48c8f7466 | The most common prescription medication for sialorrhea | Glycopyrrolate | Atropine sulphate | Scopolamine | Amitriptyline | 0a | single | Traditional medications for the treatment of drooling target the reduction of saliva production using anticholin- ergic mechanisms. While they will reduce salivary output, they do not treat the underlying neuromuscular problems, so some patients may find the anticholinergic side effects out - weigh the benefit of the d... | Pathology | null |
6091e027-b401-4a86-9fd3-164e480ca485 | True about Measles rash appearance: | Along with Koplik spots | 1-2 days before Koplik spots | 1-2 days after Koplik spots | Post measles stage | 2c | multi | RASH IN MEASLES Stas 12-24 hours after appearance of Koplik spots. Retro -auricular origin spreads to other pas of body (fades in opposite direction). Takes 1 - 2 days to cover body * Fever is highest and patient is sickest on day of rash. | Social & Preventive Medicine | Respiratory Infections |
2a07a02a-45c3-4d00-87b9-09165148e4ad | Grading disease severity as mild, moderate, severe is an example of which scale? | Nominal | Ordinal | Interval | Ratio | 1b | single | There are characteristics that should be measured in terms of quantities but nonavailability of a good instrument compels measure in terms of what is called an ordinal scale. Example is disease severity measured as mild, moderate or severe. Ref: Medical biostatistics, 1st edition pg: 99 | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
1040818c-4093-449d-b4ad-a2445c4e7a2d | Which of the following antitubercular drugs is not hepatotoxic | Isoniazid | Rifampicin | Ethionamide | Streptomycin | 3d | single | Refer KDT 6/e p743 Streptomycin and Ethambutol are not hepatotoxic Read carefully option (c) is Ethionamide AMD not Ethambutol | Pharmacology | Chemotherapy |
32b366a1-fb34-4016-a2c1-3d52381cb5e7 | Landau-Kleffner syndrome is characterized by all of following except | Seizure | Loss of language skill | Normal EEG during sleep | Normal brain CT scan | 2c | multi | Ans. C. Normal EEG during sleep Ref : Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics 20th/ed p2837ExplanationLandau-Kleffner syndrome is a condition of unknown cause characterized by:# Loss of language skills attributed to auditory agnosia in a previously normal child# Seizures (focal, generalized tonic-clonic, atypical absence, partia... | Pediatrics | Central Nervous System |
8a6cd863-7239-4364-922a-4a22f0f71904 | Nicotinic acid ? | Increases HDL | Increased triglyceride synthesis | Type II hyperlipoproteinemia | Decreased hydrolysis of VLDL | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Increases HDL Nicotinic acid (Niacin) There arc three main type of lipases related to metabolism of lipoproteins ? Lipoprotein lipase - Present in blood vessels and causes hydrolysis of tryglyceride content of VLDL and chylomicrones. Hepatic lipase - Conves IDL to LDL by hydrolysing the triglyceride c... | Pharmacology | null |
d779bcc8-f9ab-4bf5-a78c-84693308e74a | Circulus aeriosus iridis major is formed by the anastomosis of | Long posterior ciliary aeries with sho posterior ciliary aeries | Long posterior ciliary aeries with anterior conjunctival aeries | Long posterior ciliary aeries with anterior ciliary aeries | Anterior ciliary aeries with sho posterior ciliary aeries | 2c | single | Anterior ciliary aeries: These are derived from the muscular branches of ophthalmic aery. These aeries pass anteriorly in the episclera, give branches to sclera, limbus and conjunctiva; and ultimately pierce the sclera near the limbus to enter the ciliary muscle; where they anastomose with the two long posterior ciliar... | Ophthalmology | Anatomy, Development and clinical examination |
d5210d12-6dda-4a4c-b9c2-cd2d934a4118 | A 20 year old patient presents with syncope. His current ECG is shown below. His elder brother had died suddenly while watching television. The patient was given Cardioversion and subsequent cardiac MRI revealed fibro-fatty changes in RV myocardium. What is the diagnosis of this patient? | Hyperophic obstructive Cardiomyopathy | Arythmogenic RV dysplasia | Brugada syndrome | Tako- Tsubo Cardiomyopathy | 1b | single | Arythmogenic RV dysplasia(ARVD) ECG shows HR of 300/min with broad complex tachycardia. Variation in amplitude of QRS complexes which indicates a diagnosis of polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia. In acute setting DC shock 200 J Biphasic should be given. The Cardiac MRI repo showing fibro-fatty changes in RV myocardium ... | Medicine | ECG and Arrhythmias 1 |
22285557-454d-4537-8d8b-096ccaad4c38 | Most common phase I biotransformation reaction is? | Oxidation | Hydrolysis | Cyclisation | Reduction | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Oxidation Oxidation is the most impoant metabolizing reaction. | Pharmacology | null |
00d2ec9a-b4a0-4e1f-8806-b30803ad4bd3 | Sulfasalazine is used in - | Ulcerative colitis | Osteoarthritis | Gouty arthritis | Irritable bowel syndrome | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Ulcerative colitis Inflammatory bowel disease (crohn's disease & ulcerative colitis)o 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) is the main anti-inflammatory compound that acts locally in colon. It is the first line of treatment in mild to moderate UC and CD. When given alone 5-ASA is absorbed > 80% in proximal i... | Pharmacology | G.I.T |
5e6eadec-afaf-47d1-b8c6-259852f3d548 | Kaposi sarcoma is caused by: March 2013 | HHV 6 | HHV 7 | HHV 8 | All of the above | 2c | multi | Ans. C i.e. HHV 8 Kaposi sarcoma (KS) It is a tumor caused by Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8), also known as Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). It was originally described by Moritz Kaposi , a Hungarian dermatologist practicing at the University of Vienna in 1872. It became more widely known as one of the AIDS-de... | Microbiology | null |
c0b26902-473a-4579-9674-20a9aef5ab3d | All of the following are examples of microdeletion syndromes, EXCEPT: | Wilms' tumor-aniridia complex | Miller Dieker syndrome | Velocardiofacial syndrome | None of the above | 3d | multi | The term contiguous gene syndrome refers to genetic disorders that mimic a combination of single-gene disorders. They result from the deletion of a small number of tightly clustered genes. Because some are too small to be detected cytogenetically, they are termed microdeletions. The application of molecular techniques ... | Medicine | null |
a9d6a4df-029e-4955-bf03-388dc4580f0b | All are true for PTSD except | Hippocampus & amygdala | Anhedonia | Depression and quilt | Anxiolytic is treatment of choice | 3d | multi | D i.e. Anxiolytic is treatment of choice | Psychiatry | null |
114a81b1-9922-4108-84e7-9fcac92978f2 | Which of the following is true regarding Pneumothorax? | May occur in asthma patient | Pleuritic chest pain may be present | Decreased breath sounds | All the above | 3d | multi | Spontaneous pneumothorax in most patients occurs from the rupture of blebs and bullae. Primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP) is typically observed in tall, young people without parenchymal lung disease and is thought to be related to increased shear forces in the apex. Secondary spontaneous pneumothoraces (SSP) occur ... | Medicine | null |
66b83499-305c-4995-9dda-1d73d559451d | 'Herald patch' is seen in: | Pityriasis rosea | Pityriasis rubra pilaris | Pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta | Pityriasis alba | 0a | single | Ans. A. Pityriasis rosea. (Ref. Harrison's 18lh/pg. 367)In Pityriasis rosea, initially, there is a single 2- to 6-cm annular salmon-colored patch (herald patch) with a peripheral rim of scale, followed in days to weeks by a generalized eruption involving the trunk and proximal extremities.Pityriasis rosea:# It is an ac... | Skin | Papulosquamous Disorders |
af398a68-b91e-4911-a7c2-fe1228b53042 | Common fungus causing corneal ulcer -a) Aspergillusb) Mucorc) Fusariumd) Sprothrix | a | bc | ad | ac | 3d | single | null | Microbiology | null |
abd22ebe-9179-43ca-b09c-8fdb4d8bf4f6 | A 34-year-old man is brought to the emergency room by his family because of extreme lethargy. After further questioning, he admits to taking a large number of phenobarbital tablets. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management? | acidification of urine to pH 3.0 | repetitive administration of activated charcoal | ipecac to induce vomiting | hemoperfusion | 1b | multi | Activated charcoal absorbs barbiturates very effectively and is useful in decontamination of the GI tract. Renal elimination of phenobarbital is enhanced by alkalinization of the urine to a pH of 8 with sodium bicarbonate and fluids. Hemodialysis and hemoperfusion are reserved for extreme cases with refracting hypotens... | Medicine | Miscellaneous |
1eec3dab-7c27-4682-b67a-622efaa6eac9 | Degree of freedom for 2/2 contingency table is? | 1 | Zero | 2 | 4 | 0a | single | Ref: Parks 23rd edition Degree of freedom = (r-1)(c-1) =(2-1)(2-1)= 1 | Social & Preventive Medicine | Biostatistics |
051b8b6f-020c-426b-8a19-623e0ba582a2 | Most common cause of lobar hemorrhage in the elderly | Coagulopathy | Aneurysm | Amyloid angiopathy | Trauma | 2c | single | Answer- C. Amyloid angiopathyLobar intracerebral hemorrhage is bleeding in the largest pa of the brain called the cerebrum.Intracerebral hemorrhage are attributed to hypeensive vasculopathy in small penetrating brain aeries and subcoical vessels in patients with amyloid angiopathy.Amyloid angiopathn a chronic depositio... | Medicine | null |
c072acce-9fbe-4bde-bfc5-0f4b8da4cb72 | Which of the following is not true about spasmodic dysphonia | Local laryngeal disorder | May be associated with other focal dysphonia | Patient with the abductor type have strained and strangled voice | Botulinum toxin is the standard treatment for it | 0a | multi | SPASMODIC DYSPHONIA Spasmodic dysphonia is also called as laryngeal dysphonia. The condition is characterised by spasm of phonatory muscles. It is a neurological disorder and is of following types: (A) Adductor spasm (M/C):- Adductor muscles go into spasm lead ing to strained and strangled voice (scratchy creaky voice)... | ENT | Larynx |
35c720cf-9c40-43a8-b936-e9b0f17f5878 | Which of the following organism is biggest ? | Balantidium coli | Entamoeba coli | Escherichia coli | Entamoeba histolytica | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Balantidium coli | Microbiology | null |
81009b09-9466-4ba6-9bf4-87d0d79bd920 | Drug producing haematological side effect is: | Nitrous oxide | Halothane | Ketamine | Sevoflurane | 0a | single | Ans: A (Nitrous oxide) Ref: Ajax Yadav, Short Textbook of Anesthesia, 1st edition, pg 59.Explanation:Nitrous oxide produces Aplastic anemia and Megaloblastic anemiaNITROUS OXIDE (LAUGHING GAS)Stored as liquid in blue color cylinderE5 times more heavier than air35 times more soluble than nitrogenAnesthetic propertiesIt ... | Anaesthesia | Miscellaneous General Anesthesia |
2139c14b-367c-41dc-85bb-8bd6ab36da77 | A patient presents with endocrinopathy. fibrous dysplasia of bone and hyperpigmentation. What should be the possible diagnosis? | Ollier's syndrome | Mazabraud syndrome | Mc Cune-Albright syndrome | Maffucci's syndrome | 2c | single | Mc Cune Albright syndrome is a triad of Precocious puberty (endocrinopathies) fibrous dysplasia, cafe-au-lait spots. | Pathology | null |
2374249c-f96b-4f33-a825-a614587d5f71 | Paneth cells characterized by | More number of lysosomal enzyme | High concentration of zinc | More concentration of EFR | Foamy cells | 1b | single | Paneth cells are zinc-containing cells widely distributed in Lieberkuhn's crypts of small intestine in many species, but their function has remained obscure. Our previous study showed that a single intravenous injection of diphenylthiocarbazone (dithizone), a zinc chelator, forms zinc-dithizonate complexes in the cytop... | Pathology | G.I.T |
184f084d-e54b-4886-bcf2-166829061f30 | The following drug has significant drug interaction with the digoxin except | Cholestyramine | Thiazide diuretics | Quinidine | Amlodipine | 3d | multi | Cholistyramine inhibits intestinal absorption of digoxin Thiazides result in hypokalemia and thus me precipitate digitalis toxicity by pharmacodynamic interaction Quinidine and verapamil reduces the excretion of digoxin and Thus may precipitate the toxicity(pharmakokinetic interaction) Refer kDT 6/e p499 | Pharmacology | Cardiovascular system |
70e42988-5271-46b9-9bd7-d1b7669c0694 | Acute cholinesterase inhibitors intoxication include all of the following except | Salivation, sweating | Mydriasis | Bronchial constriction | Vomiting and diarrhea | 1b | multi | Cholinesterase inhibitors have cholinomimetic actions. The major source of such intoxications is pesticide use in agriculture.The dominant initial signs are those of muscarinic excess: miosis, salivation, sweating, bronchial constriction, vomiting, and diarrhea. Central nervous system involvement (cognitive disturbance... | Pharmacology | Autonomic nervous system |
4fabc0a1-0b39-44bc-bd47-df23f119fd29 | Calcium is absorbed from: | Duodenum | Jejunum | Ileum | Colon | 0a | single | All the divalent cations, except Mg++ , are absorbed from duodenum. Mg++ is absorbed from ileum. Calcium is absorbed mainly in duodenum and upper jejunum, not whole of jejunum. | Physiology | Gastrointestinal System |
d8245966-fb0e-4aab-8c10-d60c6aa586e0 | A 62-year-old childless woman noticed a blood-tinged vaginal discharge twice during the past month. Her last menstrual period was 10 years ago. Bimanual pelvic examination shows that the uterus is normal in size, with no palpable adnexal masses. There are no cervical erosions or masses. Her body mass index is 33. Her m... | Adenocarcinoma | Choriocarcinoma | Leiomyosarcoma | Malignant mullerian mixed tumor | 0a | single | Postmenopausal vaginal bleeding is a red flag for endometrial carcinoma. Such carcinomas often arise in the setting of endometrial hyperplasia. Increased estrogenic stimulation is thought to drive this process, and risk factors include obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and infertility. Choriocarcinomas a... | Pathology | Female Genital Tract |
9d861117-6c17-4302-8648-af97b7d78acd | Aquaporin deficiency cause? | Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus | Liddle syndrome | Baer syndrome | Gitelman syndrome | 0a | single | 1. Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus: Aquaporin 2" gene mutation impede the normal functionality of the kidney water channel, which results in the kidney being unable to absorb water. Autosomal recessivemanner. 2. Liddle syndrome: Gain of function of epithelial Na channel (ENaC) 3. Bater syndrome:- Defect in "Na-K-2Cl cot... | Medicine | NEET Jan 2020 |
6596667c-daff-4ad9-838f-1d7e370bf7d1 | Sonographic criteria for diagnosing PCOD includes all except | Enlarged ovaries > 10mL | Presence of > 20 cysts in ovary | Cyst size 2 → 9 mm | Cysts in either one or both ovaries | 1b | multi | Presence of 12 or more cysts on ultrasound is diagnostic of PCOD. | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
83fb5ffb-3d0c-4f8c-a55f-f5e819d2f37b | Letrozole belongs to which group? | SERM | SERD | LHRH analogues | Aromatse inhibitors | 3d | single | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Aromatase inhibitors Aromatase inhibitorso Aromatase inhibitors are drugs which inhibit the enzyme Aromatase.o Aromatase is an enzyme responsible for the conversion of testosterone (androgens) to estrogens.o This conversion of androgens to estrogens occur in several tissues including ovary, adrenal co... | Pharmacology | Sex-Hormone |
93f32b42-91e6-4a96-874d-79f0ebae9491 | CAD predisposing factors-a) Homocysteinemiab) ↓ Lipoprotein Bc) ↑ Fibrinogend) ↑ HDLe) ↑ plasminogen activator inhibitors 1 | acd | bde | cde | ace | 3d | single | Homocysteine and Prothrombotic (↑ fibrinogen and ↑ plasminogen activator inhibitors) factors are emerging risk factors for atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. | Pathology | null |
61db1f3c-f8de-400b-9885-15e292e6f33d | Drug of choice for prophylaxis of acute mountain sickness is? | Diltiazem | Digoxin | Dexamethasone | Acetazolamide | 3d | single | DOC for acute mountain sickness are Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors like Acetazolamide. BEST treatment is to descent down because it occurs due to decreased pO2 at high altitudes. DOC for motion sickness is Hyoscine. | Pharmacology | Kidney |
2f831bc8-b2c6-47da-a76a-9ada20456324 | In modern day obstetrics, most common cause of rupture uterus is - | Prolonged labour | Previous LSCS scar rupture | Forceps delivery | Internal podalic version | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Previous LSCS scar rupture * Disruption in the continuity of all uterine layers: endometrium, myometrium and serosa anytime beyond 28 weeks of pregnancy is called rupture of uterus.Incidence* 1 in 2000 to 1 in 200 deliveries. Rupture uterus from obstructed labor is becoming less because of improved ob... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Miscellaneous (Gynae) |
24c0ce75-6e0e-47e2-aa9d-0c035ee63291 | Which one of the following serum levels would help in distinguishing an acute liver disease from chronic liver disease - | minotransaminase | Alkaline phosphatase | Bilirubin | Albumin | 3d | single | null | Medicine | null |
fce84819-33a1-4d96-acc6-2a3124f92b68 | Which of the following features are of naso alveolar cyst | An ovoid shaped radiolucency above the lateral incisor and canine teeth | Erosion of base above lateral incisor and canine teeth | An inverted funnel shaped radiolucent lesion above the roots of lateral incisor and canine teeth | A pear shaped radiolucent Lesion between roots of lateral incisor and canine teeth | 1b | multi | null | Pathology | null |
0050d8a4-a761-469b-b2cc-eb74efee146d | A child develops non blanching macules and papules on lower extremities, mild abdominal pain and skin biopsy showed IgA deposition. Most appropriate diagnosis is - | Drug induced vasculitis | HSP | Wegener's granuloniatosis | Kawasaki disease | 1b | single | Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP), also known as IgA vasculitis, is a disease of the skin, mucous membranes, and sometimes other organs that most commonly affects children. In the skin, the disease causes palpable purpura (small, raised areas of bleeding underneath the skin), often with joint pain and abdominal pain. With... | Dental | Autoimmune skin disorders |
fbabcda6-88f3-4f70-90b3-84f966b8e17c | Not true about iodophores ? | Inorganic compounds | Release iodine | Surfactants | Disifectant | 0a | multi | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Inorganic compounds Iodine Iodine is more sporicidal than chlorine. Iodine is often used in aqueous and alcoholic solution as skin disinfectant. Aqueous and alcohol based povidone iodine preparations (Betadine) are best and safe skin disinfectants (antiseptics). Iodophores are organic compounds that s... | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
8d3fbb93-7987-4e7a-bdee-1ef5fbb1124b | Giant cells seen in Measles are called? | Hp bodies | Inclusion containing polykaryon | Koplik cells | Wahin-Finkeldey cells | 3d | multi | Lymphoid organs typically have marked follicular hyperplasia, large germinal centers and randomly distributed multinucleated giant cells called Wahin-Finkeldey cells, which have eosinophilic nuclear and cytoplasmic inclusion bodies.Found in the paracoical region of hyperplastic lymph nodes in some patients of measles a... | Pathology | null |
ab1932af-ff2f-458a-8b15-dd3bb48be8e7 | The term anisometropia indicates | Refractive error | Long vision | Sho vision | Ageing process | 0a | single | Ans. Refractive error | Ophthalmology | null |
69a32c84-1fbd-43c1-a7ba-78ab7c542a11 | A 40-year-old man presents to casualty with history of regular and heavy use of alcohol for 10 years and morning drinking for one year. The last alcohol intake was three days back. There is no history of head injury or seizures. On examination, there is no icterus, sign of hepatic encephalopathy or focal neurological s... | Diazepam | Haloperidol | Imipramine | Naltrexone | 0a | multi | Ans. A i.e. Diazepam | Psychiatry | null |
1b9ba6cb-4b24-4864-983f-132f6078274d | The features of uterine contraction in spastic lower segment are all except | Presence of fundal dominance | There may be reversed polarity | Inadequate relaxation in between contractions | Basal tonus is usually raised above the critical level of 20 mm Hg | 0a | multi | Fundal dominance ,which indicates that the intensity is strongest ath the fundus,(not at the lower segment) with a gradual decrease downwards. Refer page no 109 of Text book of obstetrics ,sheila balakrishnan,2 nd edition. | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Abnormal labor |
ccbc242a-370c-45db-86c6-6ffe25cbeee3 | 10 year old child with posterior fossa mass. On biopsy following features were seen. What are these dense eosinophilic fibers marked with arrow? | Rosenthal fibers | The Alzheimer type II astrocyte | Corpora amylacea | None | 0a | multi | Ans. (a) Rosenthal fibers*Rosenthal fibers are eosinophilic, corkscrew fibers found in pilocytic astrocytoma, the most common primary brain tumor in children. They contain two heat-shock proteins (aB-crystallin and hsp27) as well as ubiquitin.*They are seen in Alexander disease and, pilocytic astrocytoma. | Pathology | Central Nervous System |
cc3b0128-9207-43ca-97bb-4b414a579a4e | A large baby is born with which complication in pregnancy | Gestational diabetes | Gestational hypeension | Cardiac disease | Anaemia | 0a | single | Ans. is a i.e. Gestational diabetes | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
abf304fc-1d14-47cc-bace-facd6622a965 | A woman was involved in an accident in which her left leg was crushed and immediate amputation had to be done but you couldn't get a prior consent as the victim was unconscious and the relatives were not available. Later her husband sues you you for doing an amputation without a valid consent. Which of the following se... | Section 92 IPC | Section 52 IPC | Section 88 IPC | Section 90 IPC | 0a | single | Any harm caused to a person in good faith, even without consent is not an offence if the circumstances are such that it is impossible for the person to signify consent and has no guardian from whom it is possible to obtain a consent in time for the thing to be done in benefit as per section 92 IPC. Also know: As per se... | Forensic Medicine | null |
81fe9a94-47ed-413f-9a6a-ddc676c95fdc | The Rorschach Inkblot test consists of a set of .......... standardized inkblots. These vary in colour, shading, form, and complexity. | 5 | 7 | 9 | 10 | 3d | single | Rorschach Inkblot test- Evaluation of Personality, it contains 10 cards having ambiguous inkblot patterns and the subject has to interpret what he is seeing in the card from preselected options Extra Edge Thematic Apperception Test- Test is built on the assumption that people's stories reveal impoant aspects of their n... | Psychiatry | Miscellaneous |
6cf9c68b-6920-49e1-9617-0464ebc41bff | Following are acute porphyrias except | ACUTE INTERMITTENT PORPHYRIA | Variegate porphyria | Heriditary corpoporphyria | Porphyria cutanea tarda | 3d | multi | The acute porphyrias are acute intermittent porphyria (AIP), variegate porphyria (VP), aminolevulinic acid dehydratase deficiency porphyria(ALAD) and hereditary coproporphyria (HCP). The non-acute porphyrias are X-linked dominant protoporphyria (XLDPP), congenital erythropoietic porphyria (CEP), porphyria cutanea tarda... | Medicine | Genetics |
17e554cf-7198-4d1e-9af7-27b871e1e49d | Which of the following glycolytic enzymes is used in gluconeogenesis? | Glucokinase | Aldolase | Pyruvate kinase | Phosphofructokinase | 1b | single | Aldolase is the enzyme which catalyses reversible reaction of glycolysis. So this enzyme is utilised in gluconeogenesis. Glucokinase, pyruvate kinase and phosphofructokinase are enzymes which catalyse the reversible reaction of glycolysis. | Biochemistry | null |
fb8542e4-9450-477c-b516-27143d0ad578 | An organism with sterols in their cell wall is | Mycoplasma | Bacillus | Streptococcus | Spirillum | 0a | multi | “Mycoplasma lacks a rigid cell wall and they are bounded by a triple-layered unit membrane that contains sterols.
” Mycoplasma PPLO - by Nocard & Roux • Smallest free-living organism • Gram-negative.highly pleomorphic organism,
stained by Giemsa • Found in the form of elementary bodies & filaments of various size • Fac... | Microbiology | null |
60841234-fd08-40a3-a44e-95a16ab29bab | Gas' in the tissue should be differenciated with - | Pseudomyxoma peritonei | Pseudomonas infection | Clostridium nouyi | Non clostridial infection | 2c | single | null | Surgery | null |
901a16f5-37e9-4567-8e7c-e722b1655b62 | Chest X-ray of an industrial worker exposed to asbestos for 20 yrs shows diffuse appearance of lower lobe with 'comet tail' infarct on PA view. The most likely diagnosis is: | Mesothelioma | Lobular collapse | Bronchogenic carcinoma | Round atelectasis | 0a | single | This is a case of mesothelioma secondary to asbestos exposure. The diffuse appearance of lower lobe with 'comet tail' infarct is typical of mesothelioma. Ref: Aicle: The Comet Tail Sign1; 1999 | Radiology | null |
c6560a39-e305-4557-a9d1-291239b7d197 | Most common presentation of Renal cell carcinoma is | Abdominal mass | Hematuria | Flank pain | Nocturia | 1b | single | null | Medicine | null |
97ab74ed-0abb-4268-9641-649cc4776c70 | In starvation, earliest to become depleted - | Carbohydrates | Proteins | Fats | None | 0a | multi | Ans. is 'a' i.e., CarbohydratesMetabolic alteration during fasting-starvationo he metabolic changes observed in fasting are generally opposite to those described for absorptive (fed) state. In the absence of food, plasma levels of glucose, amino acids, and TGs fall, triggering a decline in insulin secretion and an incr... | Physiology | Pancreas |
f1c7fa40-82f8-4a6c-8a8e-b00c1c5eb2f0 | Endocrinologic factors associated with recurrent aboion include all of the following except- | Thyroid disease | Hyperprolactinemia | Luteal phase insufficiency | Reduced secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) | 3d | multi | Endocrinologic factors associated with recurrent aboion include - Luteal phase insufficiency Diabetes mellitus Hypersecretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) Thyroid disease Insulin resistance Polycystic ovarian syndrome, Hyperprolactinemia Decreased ovarian reserve. | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Aboions, Spontaneous & Induced Emergency Contraception (Hey,whats the hurry !) |
ac9978e4-fe06-4656-82e9-14d693aeab6f | Primitive streak remanants give rise to ? | Neuroblastomas | Wilm's tumour | Sacrococcygeal teratoma | Hepatoblastoma | 2c | single | Sacrococcygeal teratoma (SCT) is a type of tumor known as a teratoma that develops at the base of the coccyx (tailbone) and is thought to be derived from the primitive streak. Sacrococcygeal teratomas are benign 75% of the time, malignant 12% of the time, and the remainder are considered "immature teratomas" that share... | Surgery | Urology |
1f5ebaf0-ca14-4175-9319-e2ffb82cc9f5 | Which is safest to be used in asthmatic patients: | Nitrazepam | Phenobarbitone | Chloral hydrate | All hypnotics are safe | 2c | multi | C i.e. Chloral hydrate | Anaesthesia | null |
fbcd3309-51db-4fac-9419-a2c87550d542 | True statements about the twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome include which of the following? | The donor twin develops hydramnios more often than does the recipient twin | Gross differences may be observed between donor and recipient placentas | The donor twin usually suffers from a hemolytic anemia | The donor twin is more likely to develop widespread thromboses | 1b | multi | In the twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome, the donor twin is always anemic, owing not to a hemolytic process but to the direct transfer of blood to the recipient twin, who becomes polycythemic. The recipient may suffer thromboses secondary to hyper-transfusion and subsequent hemoconcentration. Although the donor placent... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Obstructed Labour |
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