question stringlengths 66 3.58k | answer stringlengths 1 230 | options dict | meta_info stringclasses 2
values | answer_idx stringclasses 4
values | metamap_phrases listlengths 1 184 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A 41-year-old G3P3 woman presents with acute on chronic right upper quadrant abdominal pain. She says that her current symptoms acutely onset 8 hours ago after eating a large meal and have not improved. She describes the pain as severe, sharp and cramping in character, and localized to the right upper quadrant. She als... | They are formed due to bile supersaturated with cholesterol. | {
"A": "They are formed due to elevated uric acid in the blood.",
"B": "They are formed due to the release of beta-glucuronidase from infecting bacteria.",
"C": "These are usually radiopaque on X-ray imaging.",
"D": "They are formed due to bile supersaturated with cholesterol."
} | step1 | D | [
"year old",
"woman presents",
"acute on chronic right upper quadrant abdominal pain",
"current symptoms",
"onset 8 hours",
"eating",
"large meal",
"not improved",
"pain",
"severe",
"sharp",
"cramping",
"character",
"localized",
"right upper quadrant",
"feeling nauseous",
"patient",
... |
A 40-year-old male is brought into the emergency department as the unrestrained passenger in a motor vehicle collision. On presentation he is obtunded with multiple ecchymoses on his chest and abdomen. There is marked distortion of his left lower extremity. His blood pressure is 90/64 mmHg, pulse is 130/min, and respir... | Tracheal deviation to the right | {
"A": "Consolidation of the left lower lobe",
"B": "Collection of fluid in the left lung base",
"C": "Tracheal deviation to the left",
"D": "Tracheal deviation to the right"
} | step1 | D | [
"40 year old male",
"brought",
"emergency department",
"passenger",
"motor vehicle collision",
"presentation",
"obtunded",
"multiple ecchymoses",
"chest",
"abdomen",
"marked distortion",
"left lower extremity",
"blood pressure",
"90 64 mmHg",
"pulse",
"min",
"respirations",
"min",
... |
A 55-year-old woman presents to the emergency department with chest pain, shortness of breath, and weakness. She has no known past medical history and generally refuses to see a physician for health issues. Review of systems is notable for chronic, severe gastroesophageal reflux disease and chronic diarrhea. Her temper... | Captopril | {
"A": "Captopril",
"B": "Furosemide",
"C": "Labetalol",
"D": "Nifedipine"
} | step2&3 | A | [
"55 year old woman presents",
"emergency department",
"chest pain",
"shortness of breath",
"weakness",
"known past medical history",
"refuses to see",
"physician",
"health issues",
"Review of systems",
"notable",
"chronic",
"severe gastroesophageal reflux disease",
"chronic diarrhea",
"t... |
A 42-year-old woman presents to the emergency department in active labor. She has had no prenatal care and is unsure of the gestational age. Labor progresses rapidly and spontaneous vaginal delivery of a baby boy occurs 3 hours after presentation. On initial exam, the child is 1.9 kg (4.2 lb) with a small head and jaw.... | Cardiac defect | {
"A": "Duodenal atresia",
"B": "Dehydration and necrosis of bowel",
"C": "Cardiac defect",
"D": "Twisting of the bowel around itself"
} | step1 | C | [
"year old woman presents",
"emergency department",
"active labor",
"prenatal care",
"unsure",
"gestational age",
"Labor progresses rapidly",
"spontaneous vaginal delivery",
"baby boy occurs 3 hours",
"presentation",
"initial exam",
"child",
"1.9 kg",
"4.2",
"small head",
"jaw",
"sac"... |
A 27-year-old man presents to the emergency department with weakness and a fever for the past week. The patient is homeless and has a past medical history of alcohol and IV drug abuse. His temperature is 102°F (38.9°C), blood pressure is 107/68 mmHg, pulse is 120/min, respirations are 17/min, and oxygen saturation is 9... | Transesophageal echocardiography | {
"A": "CT scan of the chest",
"B": "Nafcillin and piperacillin-tazobactam",
"C": "Transesophageal echocardiography",
"D": "Vancomycin and gentamicin"
} | step2&3 | C | [
"27 year old man presents",
"emergency department",
"weakness",
"fever",
"past week",
"patient",
"homeless",
"past medical alcohol",
"IV drug abuse",
"temperature",
"blood pressure",
"68 mmHg",
"pulse",
"min",
"respirations",
"min",
"oxygen saturation",
"98",
"room air",
"Physi... |
A 52-year-old man presents to the his primary care physician complaining of an ongoing cough. He reports that the cough started 1 year ago after a “bad cold” and then never resolved. He feels the cough is getting worse, sometimes the cough is dry, but often the cough will bring up a clear to white mucus, especially in ... | Pseudostratified columnar | {
"A": "Pseudostratified columnar",
"B": "Simple cuboidal",
"C": "Stratified squamous",
"D": "Transitional"
} | step1 | A | [
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"primary care physician complaining of",
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"cough",
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A 64-year-old woman presents to the emergency room with complaints of severe, whole-body itching. She states that she first noticed her symptoms while in the bathtub at home. She has never had symptoms like this before. However, over the previous several months she has had episodes of severe joint swelling and pain in ... | Hydroxyurea | {
"A": "Diphenhydramine",
"B": "Hydroxyurea",
"C": "Febuxostat",
"D": "Prednisone"
} | step2&3 | B | [
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"whole-body itching",
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"first",
"symptoms",
"bathtub at home",
"never",
"symptoms",
"previous",
"months",
"episodes of severe joint swelling",
"pain",
"hands",
"redness",
"burning pain",
"swelling of... |
A 43-year-old woman, gravida 2, para 2, comes to the physician because of a 6-month history of heavy, irregular menstrual bleeding. Pelvic examination shows blood and clots in the posterior fornix and normal-appearing internal and external genitalia. An endometrial biopsy specimen shows straight uniform tubular glands ... | Aromatase | {
"A": "Luteinizing hormone",
"B": "Corpus luteum",
"C": "5-alpha-reductase",
"D": "Aromatase"
} | step1 | D | [
"year old woman",
"gravida 2",
"para 2",
"physician",
"month history",
"heavy",
"irregular",
"Pelvic examination shows blood",
"clots",
"posterior fornix",
"normal appearing internal",
"external genitalia",
"endometrial biopsy specimen shows straight uniform tubular glands lined",
"tall",
... |
A 2-year-old girl presents with high fever, restlessness, and a generalized papulovesicular rash. Past medical history is significant for varicella pneumonia and disseminated cytomegalovirus infection during the 1st year of her life. She was delivered vaginally to a primigravid 22-year-old woman from an uncomplicated p... | They have cell surface receptors for detecting MHC 1 on other cells | {
"A": "They have cell surface receptors for detecting MHC 1 on other cells",
"B": "They need MHC class 1 to be expressed on the cell to eliminate it",
"C": "They differentiate from the myeloid progenitor",
"D": "These cells also express the T cell receptor"
} | step1 | A | [
"2 year old girl presents",
"high fever",
"restlessness",
"generalized papulovesicular rash",
"Past medical history",
"significant",
"varicella pneumonia",
"disseminated cytomegalovirus infection",
"1st year",
"life",
"delivered",
"primigravid",
"year old woman",
"uncomplicated pregnancy",... |
A 12-year-old male child presents to the emergency department with a fever, dry cough, and shortness of breath. The condition began approximately 5 days ago with a rise in body temperature up to 38.7°C (101.7℉), headache, myalgias, and runny nose. Three days after the onset, the patient started to develop a non-product... | Increased A-a gradient, increased diffusion distance | {
"A": "Normal A-a gradient, increased diffusion distance",
"B": "Decreased A-a gradient, increased diffusion distance",
"C": "Decreased A-a gradient, decreased diffusion distance",
"D": "Increased A-a gradient, increased diffusion distance"
} | step2&3 | D | [
"year old male presents",
"emergency department",
"fever",
"dry cough",
"shortness of breath",
"condition began approximately 5 days",
"rise",
"body temperature",
"headache",
"myalgias",
"runny nose",
"Three days",
"onset",
"patient started to",
"non-productive cough",
"later",
"dysp... |
A 49-year-old man comes to the physician for evaluation of several painless, pruritic lesions on his left forearm that he first noticed 4 days ago. They were initially pink marks that progressed into blisters before ulcerating. He has also had a headache for 1 week. His temperature is 38.1°C (100.6°F). A photograph of ... | Wool handling | {
"A": "Pool swimming",
"B": "Wool handling",
"C": "Sexual contact",
"D": "Spider bite"
} | step1 | B | [
"year old man",
"physician",
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"painless",
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"left forearm",
"first",
"4 days",
"initially pink marks",
"progressed",
"blisters",
"ulcerating",
"headache",
"1 week",
"temperature",
"100",
"photograph",
"one",
"lesions",
"shown",
"edema of",
"surrounding... |
A 76-year-old woman comes in for a routine checkup with her doctor. She is concerned that she feels tired most days and has difficulty doing her household chores. She complains that she gets fatigued and breathless with mild exertion. Past medical history is significant for diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease fro... | Chronic kidney disease | {
"A": "Chronic kidney disease",
"B": "Alcoholism",
"C": "Liver disease",
"D": "Colorectal cancer"
} | step1 | A | [
"76 year old woman",
"routine checkup",
"doctor",
"concerned",
"feels tired",
"days",
"difficulty",
"household chores",
"gets fatigued",
"breathless",
"mild exertion",
"Past medical history",
"significant",
"diabetes mellitus",
"chronic kidney disease",
"prolonged elevated blood sugar"... |
A 23-year-old Caucasian G2P1 presents for a routine prenatal care visit at 25 weeks gestation. She has no complaints and the pregnancy has been uncomplicated thus far. The previous pregnancy was complicated by pre-eclampsia and she delivered a small-for-gestational-age girl at 36 weeks gestation. The pre-pregnancy weig... | re-pregnancy BMI | {
"A": "Patient age",
"B": "re-pregnancy BMI",
"C": "History of pre-eclampsia",
"D": "History of birth of a small-for-gestational-age baby"
} | step2&3 | B | [
"23 year old Caucasian",
"presents",
"routine prenatal care visit",
"weeks gestation",
"complaints",
"pregnancy",
"uncomplicated",
"far",
"previous pregnancy",
"complicated",
"pre-eclampsia",
"delivered",
"small-for-gestational-age girl",
"36 weeks",
"pre-pregnancy weight",
"kg",
"no... |
A 78-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 2-month history of right-sided headache and generalized fatigue. She also has pain, weakness, and stiffness of her shoulders and hips. The stiffness is worse in the morning and usually improves after 60–90 minutes of activity. Three months ago, she fell and hit he... | Large-vessel vasculitis | {
"A": "Tension headache",
"B": "Large-vessel vasculitis",
"C": "Hyperthyroidism",
"D": "Cluster headache"
} | step1 | B | [
"year old woman",
"physician",
"of",
"2 month history",
"right-sided headache",
"generalized fatigue",
"pain",
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"hips",
"stiffness",
"worse",
"morning",
"usually improves",
"minutes",
"activity",
"Three months",
"fell",
"hit",
"head",
"k... |
Three days after delivery, a 4000-g (8.8-lb) male newborn has several episodes of right-sided arm and leg twitching and lip smacking. These shaking episodes have occurred about six times over the last hour and have lasted for about 40 seconds. He has also had rapid breathing and poor feeding. He has not had fever or tr... | Maternal familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia | {
"A": "Maternal familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia",
"B": "Neonatal ingestion of formula with high phosphate load",
"C": "Neonatal hypoglycemia",
"D": "Increased neonatal thyroid hormone secretion"
} | step2&3 | A | [
"Three days",
"delivery",
"4000",
"male newborn",
"several episodes of right-sided arm",
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"lip smacking",
"shaking episodes",
"occurred",
"six times",
"last hour",
"lasted",
"40 seconds",
"rapid breathing",
"poor feeding",
"not",
"fever",
"trauma",
"born",
"week... |
A 25-year-old man presents with a nodule on his right foot. He says that he first noticed the nodule last week. It has not undergone any change in size and color. He denies any history of trauma or fever. Past medical history is significant for HIV, diagnosed 6 years ago. He is currently not on antiretroviral therapy. ... | Erythromycin | {
"A": "Cefazolin",
"B": "Penicillin",
"C": "Erythromycin",
"D": "Interferon-α"
} | step1 | C | [
"year old man presents",
"nodule",
"right foot",
"first",
"nodule",
"week",
"not",
"change in size",
"color",
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"Past medical history",
"significant",
"HIV",
"diagnosed",
"years",
"currently not",
"antiretroviral therapy",
"last CD4",
"... |
A 17-year-old boy is brought to the physician by his father because of a 7-month history of fatigue, recurrent leg cramps, and increased urinary frequency. His pulse is 94/min and blood pressure is 118/85 mm Hg. Physical examination shows dry mucous membranes. Laboratory studies show:
Serum
Na+ 130 mEq/L
K+ 2.8 mEq/L
C... | Distal convoluted tubule | {
"A": "Ascending loop of Henle",
"B": "Distal convoluted tubule",
"C": "Collecting duct",
"D": "Proximal convoluted tubule"
} | step1 | B | [
"year old boy",
"brought",
"physician",
"father",
"month history",
"fatigue",
"recurrent leg cramps",
"increased urinary frequency",
"pulse",
"min",
"blood pressure",
"85 mm Hg",
"Physical examination shows dry mucous membranes",
"Laboratory studies show",
"mEq",
"K",
"8",
"Cl",
... |
A 66-year-old male presents to the emergency room with shortness of breath with exertion and at rest for the past 5 days. His shortness of breath is mostly at night, and he is also concerned about bilateral leg swelling. He is a heart failure patient who is being managed with oral medication and has been compliant with... | A decrease in the interval between the heart sounds S1 and S2 | {
"A": "A decrease in the interval between the heart sounds S1 and S2",
"B": "An increase in the left ventricular end-systolic volume",
"C": "A decrease in the interval between the heart sounds S2 and S1",
"D": "A decrease in the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure"
} | step1 | A | [
"66 year old male presents",
"emergency room",
"shortness of breath",
"exertion",
"rest",
"past",
"days",
"shortness of breath",
"mostly",
"night",
"concerned",
"bilateral leg swelling",
"heart patient",
"managed",
"oral medication",
"compliant",
"drugs",
"Physical examination reve... |
A geriatric investigator is evaluating the consistency of Alzheimer dementia diagnoses based on clinical symptoms. Patients with known chart diagnoses of Alzheimer dementia were evaluated by multiple physicians during a fixed time interval. Each evaluator was blinded to the others' assessments. The extent to which the ... | Precision | {
"A": "Validity",
"B": "Specificity",
"C": "Precision",
"D": "Sensitivity"
} | step1 | C | [
"geriatric investigator",
"evaluating",
"consistency",
"Alzheimer dementia diagnoses based",
"clinical symptoms",
"Patients",
"known chart diagnoses",
"Alzheimer dementia",
"evaluated",
"multiple physicians",
"fixed time interval",
"evaluator",
"blinded",
"others",
"assessments",
"exte... |
A 19-year-old woman presents with irregular menstrual cycles for the past 3 years and facial acne. Patient says she had menarche at the age of 11, established a regular cycle at 13, and had regular menses until the age of 16. Patient is sexually active with a single partner, and they use barrier contraception. They cur... | Oral contraceptives | {
"A": "Oral contraceptives",
"B": "Clomiphene",
"C": "Goserelin",
"D": "Letrozole"
} | step2&3 | A | [
"year old woman presents",
"irregular menstrual cycles",
"past",
"years",
"facial acne",
"Patient",
"menarche at",
"age",
"established",
"regular cycle",
"regular menses",
"age",
"16",
"Patient",
"sexually active",
"single partner",
"use barrier contraception",
"currently",
"not ... |
A 41-year-old man presents to the office with pain in his right big toe. The pain started yesterday and has been progressively getting worse to the point that it is difficult to walk. He describes his right big toe as being swollen and hot to the touch. He has never had symptoms like this before. He drinks 3 beers per ... | Negatively birefringent crystals | {
"A": "Negatively birefringent crystals",
"B": "Positively birefringent crystals",
"C": "Glucose < 40 mg/dL",
"D": "Normal"
} | step1 | A | [
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"pain started",
"getting worse",
"point",
"difficult to walk",
"right big toe",
"swollen",
"hot",
"touch",
"never",
"symptoms",
"drinks 3 beers",
"night",
"Medical history",
"significant",
"chronic kidney disease",
"Physical e... |
A 56-year-old man comes to the clinic complaining of intermittent abdominal pain for the past 2 months. He reports that the pain improves with oral intake and is concentrated at the epigastric area. The pain is described as gnawing in quality and improves when he takes his wife’s ranitidine. He denies weight changes, f... | Mutation of the MEN1 gene | {
"A": "Infection with Helicobacter pylori",
"B": "Mutation of the APC gene",
"C": "Mutation of the MEN1 gene",
"D": "Mutation of the RET gene"
} | step1 | C | [
"year old man",
"clinic",
"intermittent abdominal pain",
"past",
"months",
"reports",
"pain improves",
"oral intake",
"concentrated",
"epigastric area",
"pain",
"described",
"gnawing",
"quality",
"improves",
"takes",
"ranitidine",
"denies weight changes",
"fever",
"chest pain",... |
A 2980-g (6.6-lb) female newborn is brought to the emergency department by her mother because of worsening lethargy. The newborn was delivered at home 10 hours ago. The mother has had no prenatal care. The newborn's temperature is 39.7°C (103.5°F). Physical examination shows scleral icterus. Her leukocyte count is 36,0... | Streptococcus agalactiae | {
"A": "Pseudomonas aeruginosa",
"B": "Listeria monocytogenes",
"C": "Streptococcus pyogenes",
"D": "Streptococcus agalactiae"
} | step1 | D | [
"female newborn",
"brought",
"emergency department",
"mother",
"worsening lethargy",
"newborn",
"delivered at home 10 hours",
"mother",
"prenatal care",
"newborn's temperature",
"Physical examination shows scleral icterus",
"leukocyte count",
"36",
"mm3",
"85",
"segmented neutrophils",... |
A 75-year-old man is brought to the emergency room after being found unconscious in his home. His medical history is unknown. On physical examination he does not demonstrate any spontaneous movement of his extremities and is unable to respond to voice or painful stimuli. You notice that he is able blink and move his ey... | Basilar artery | {
"A": "Anterior cerebral artery",
"B": "Anterior inferior cerebellar artery",
"C": "Basilar artery",
"D": "Posterior cerebral artery"
} | step1 | C | [
"75 year old man",
"brought",
"emergency room",
"found unconscious",
"home",
"medical history",
"unknown",
"physical examination",
"not",
"spontaneous movement",
"extremities",
"unable to",
"to voice",
"painful stimuli",
"able blink",
"move",
"eyes",
"vertical plane",
"Based",
... |
A 48-year-old man presents to an urgent care center with epigastric discomfort following meals and an occasional dry cough worse in the morning, both of which have increased in frequency over the past several months. He is otherwise healthy and has no additional complaints. Past medical history is significant for major... | Lifestyle modifications | {
"A": "Electrocardiography (ECG)",
"B": "Lifestyle modifications",
"C": "Begin omeprazole therapy",
"D": "Fluoroscopic barium swallow"
} | step2&3 | B | [
"48 year old man presents",
"urgent care center",
"epigastric discomfort following meals",
"occasional dry cough worse",
"morning",
"increased",
"frequency",
"past",
"months",
"healthy",
"additional complaints",
"Past medical history",
"significant",
"major depressive disorder",
"anxiety... |
A 26-year-old gravida 3 para 1 is admitted to labor and delivery with uterine contractions. She is at 37 weeks gestation with no primary care provider or prenatal care. She gives birth to a boy after an uncomplicated vaginal delivery with APGAR scores of 7 at 1 minute and 8 at 5 minutes. His weight is 2.2 kg (4.4 lb) a... | Alcohol consumption | {
"A": "Phenytoin usage",
"B": "Alcohol consumption",
"C": "Maternal toxoplasmosis",
"D": "Maternal hypothyroidism"
} | step2&3 | B | [
"year old gravida 3 para 1",
"admitted to labor",
"delivery",
"uterine contractions",
"weeks gestation",
"primary care provider",
"prenatal care",
"gives birth",
"boy",
"uncomplicated vaginal delivery",
"APGAR scores",
"at 1 minute",
"5 minutes",
"weight",
"2.2 kg",
"4.4",
"length",
... |
A 4-year-old boy is brought to the physician because of a rash and difficulty swallowing. His family emigrated from Nigeria 2 months ago. Examination shows an erythematous rash with fine yellow scales on his eyebrows and nasolabial folds. Oral examination shows an erythematous throat and swollen tongue. There is peelin... | Flavin adenine dinucleotide | {
"A": "Flavin adenine dinucleotide",
"B": "Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide",
"C": "Methylcobalamin",
"D": "Pyridoxal phosphate"
} | step1 | A | [
"4 year old boy",
"brought",
"physician",
"rash",
"difficulty swallowing",
"family",
"Nigeria",
"months",
"Examination shows",
"erythematous rash",
"fine yellow scales",
"eyebrows",
"nasolabial folds",
"Oral examination shows",
"erythematous throat",
"swollen tongue",
"peeling",
"f... |
A 16-year-old girl presents with primary amenorrhea. On exam, you note that she is short and has a shield chest. You order abdominal imaging, which suggests the presence of streak gonads.
Of the choices listed below, which of the following karyotypes is possible in this patient?
I: 45, XO
II: 45XO/46XX mosaicism
III:... | I, II, and III | {
"A": "I only",
"B": "I and II",
"C": "I, II, and III",
"D": "II and III"
} | step1 | C | [
"year old girl presents",
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"short",
"shield chest",
"order abdominal imaging",
"suggests",
"presence",
"streak gonads",
"choices listed",
"following karyotypes",
"possible",
"patient",
"I",
"XO II",
"46XX mosaicism III",
"46XX",
"partial delet... |
A 62-year-old man seeks evaluation at an outpatient clinic for a single, red, crusty lesion on the shaft of his penis and a similar lesion on the middle finger of his left hand. He recently immigrated to the US from Africa. The lesions are painless and the physicians in his country treated him for syphilis and eczema, ... | Bowen's disease | {
"A": "Bowenoid papulosis",
"B": "Lichen sclerosus",
"C": "Bowen's disease",
"D": "Erythroplasia of Queyrat"
} | step1 | C | [
"62 year old man",
"evaluation",
"outpatient clinic",
"single",
"red",
"crusty lesion",
"shaft",
"penis",
"similar lesion",
"middle finger of",
"left hand",
"recently",
"Africa",
"lesions",
"painless",
"physicians",
"country treated",
"syphilis",
"eczema",
"improvement",
"liv... |
A 36-year-old male suffered a gun-shot wound to the abdomen that required an emergent exploratory laparotomy to repair and resect damaged portions of the bowel. Four days later, the patient reports increased generalized abdominal pain. His vital signs are as follows: T 38.5, HR 110, BP 110/60, RR 18, SpO2 96%. Physical... | Bacteroides fragilis | {
"A": "Salmonella enteritidis",
"B": "Bacteroides fragilis",
"C": "Enterococcus species",
"D": "Streptococcus bovis"
} | step1 | B | [
"36 year old male suffered",
"gun-shot",
"abdomen",
"required",
"emergent exploratory laparotomy to repair",
"resect damaged portions",
"bowel",
"Four days later",
"patient reports increased generalized abdominal pain",
"vital signs",
"follows",
"T",
"BP",
"60",
"RR",
"96",
"Physical... |
A parent-teacher conference is called to discuss the behavior of a 9 year-old boy. According to the boy's teacher, he has become progressively more disruptive during class. When asked to help clean up or read out-loud, he replies with "You're not the boss of me." or "You can't make me." He refuses to participate in gym... | Oppositional defiant disorder | {
"A": "Oppositional defiant disorder",
"B": "Antisocial personality disorder",
"C": "Attention deficit disorder",
"D": "Separation anxiety disorder"
} | step1 | A | [
"parent teacher conference",
"called to discuss",
"behavior",
"year old boy",
"boy",
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"isruptive ",
"lass.",
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"ss o",
"e me",
"uses to pa",
"ss, b",
"y th",
"e ga es du",
"s al",
"l-li ed by",
"rs. H",
"her re orts th",
"... |
A 51-year-old African American man presents to his primary care physician’s office for an annual visit. He has no major concerns and says that he has been healthy for the last year. His past medical history is significant for diabetes as well as long standing hypertension that has developed gradually since his 30's; ho... | Cobblestone kidney | {
"A": "Cobblestone kidney",
"B": "Kimmelstiel-Wilson lesions",
"C": "Renal cortex necrosis",
"D": "String of beads on angiography"
} | step1 | A | [
"year old African American man presents",
"primary care physicians office",
"annual visit",
"major concerns",
"healthy",
"year",
"past medical history",
"significant",
"diabetes",
"long standing hypertension",
"30's",
"refused to take",
"medications",
"Physical exam shows",
"abnormal fin... |
A 38-year-old woman comes to the physician because of an 8-week history of shortness of breath and dull chest pain. She has a history of antiphospholipid syndrome. Physical examination shows jugular venous distention. Right heart catheterization shows a mean pulmonary arterial pressure of 30 mm Hg and a pulmonary capil... | Dilation of the coronary sinus | {
"A": "Constriction of the renal afferent arteriole",
"B": "Dilation of the coronary sinus",
"C": "Decreased left ventricular contractility",
"D": "Hemosiderin-laden macrophages\n\""
} | step1 | B | [
"year old woman",
"physician",
"of",
"week history",
"shortness",
"breath",
"dull chest pain",
"history",
"antiphospholipid syndrome",
"Physical examination shows jugular venous distention",
"Right heart catheterization shows",
"mean pulmonary arterial pressure",
"30 mm Hg",
"pulmonary cap... |
A neonate born at 33 weeks is transferred to the NICU after a complicated pregnancy and C-section. A week after being admitted, he developed a fever and become lethargic and minimally responsive to stimuli. A lumbar puncture is performed that reveals the following:
Appearance Cloudy
Protein 64 mg/dL
Glucose 22 mg/dL
P... | Start the patient on IV cefotaxime | {
"A": "Provide supportive measures only",
"B": "MRI scan of the head",
"C": "Start the patient on IV cefotaxime",
"D": "Start the patient on oral rifampin"
} | step2&3 | C | [
"neonate born",
"weeks",
"transferred",
"NICU",
"complicated pregnancy",
"C-section",
"week",
"admitted",
"fever",
"lethargic",
"responsive",
"stimuli",
"lumbar puncture",
"performed",
"reveals",
"following",
"Appearance",
"Cloudy Protein 64 mg Glucose",
"dL Pressure 330 mm",
"... |
A 19-year-old woman presents to the dermatology clinic for a follow-up of worsening acne. She has previously tried topical tretinoin as well as topical and oral antibiotics with no improvement. She recently moved to the area for college and says the acne has caused significant emotional distress when it comes to making... | Document 2 negative urine or blood pregnancy tests before beginning oral isotretinoin | {
"A": "Wear a wide-brimmed hat outdoors",
"B": "Use non-comedogenic sunscreen daily with SPF of at least 45",
"C": "Document 2 negative urine or blood pregnancy tests before beginning oral isotretinoin",
"D": "Apply topical retinoids in the evening before bed"
} | step2&3 | C | [
"year old woman presents",
"dermatology clinic",
"follow-up",
"worsening acne",
"topical tretinoin",
"topical",
"oral antibiotics",
"improvement",
"recently moved to",
"area",
"college",
"acne",
"caused significant emotional distress",
"making new friends",
"significant past medical",
... |
A 65-year-old man comes to the physician for a routine examination. He feels well. His pulse is 80/min and blood pressure is 140/85 mm Hg. Cardiac examination shows a holosystolic murmur in the 4th intercostal space along the left sternal border that gets louder during inspiration. The increase of this patient's murmur... | Increased right ventricular stroke volume | {
"A": "Increased peripheral vascular resistance",
"B": "Increased right ventricular stroke volume",
"C": "Decreased left ventricular venous return",
"D": "Increased systemic venous compliance"
} | step1 | B | [
"65 year old man",
"physician",
"routine examination",
"feels well",
"pulse",
"80 min",
"blood pressure",
"85 mm Hg",
"Cardiac examination shows",
"holosystolic murmur",
"4th intercostal space",
"left sternal border",
"gets louder",
"inspiration",
"increase",
"patient's murmur",
"bes... |
A 4-year-old boy presents with a dry cough. The patient’s mother states that the cough started a week ago and has not improved. She says the patient will have fits of forceful coughing that will last for minutes, followed by gasping as he catches his breath. Occasionally, the patient will vomit after one of these episo... | Paroxysmal stage | {
"A": "Catarrhal stage",
"B": "Paroxysmal stage",
"C": "Convalescent stage",
"D": "Intermittent stage"
} | step2&3 | B | [
"4 year old boy presents",
"dry cough",
"patients mother states",
"cough started",
"week",
"not improved",
"patient",
"fits of forceful coughing",
"last",
"minutes",
"followed by gasping",
"catches",
"breath",
"Occasionally",
"patient",
"vomit",
"one of",
"episodes",
"Past medica... |
A 28-year-old primigravid woman is brought to the emergency department after complaining of severe abdominal pain for 3 hours. She has had no prenatal care. There is no leakage of amniotic fluid. Since arrival, she has had 5 contractions in 10 minutes, each lasting 70 to 90 seconds. Pelvic examination shows a closed ce... | Esophageal atresia | {
"A": "Esophageal atresia",
"B": "Achalasia",
"C": "Pulmonary hypoplasia",
"D": "Defective swallowing reflex"
} | step2&3 | A | [
"year old primigravid woman",
"brought",
"emergency department",
"severe abdominal",
"3 hours",
"prenatal care",
"leakage of amniotic fluid",
"arrival",
"5 contractions",
"10 minutes",
"lasting 70 to 90 seconds",
"Pelvic examination shows",
"closed cervix",
"uterus consistent",
"size",
... |
A 16 year-old female is being evaluated for shortness of breath. For the last year she has had shortness of breath and subjective wheezing with exercise and intermittent coughing at night. She reports waking up from sleep coughing 1-2 times per month. She now skips gym class because of her symptoms. She denies any coug... | Methacholine | {
"A": "Methacholine",
"B": "Pilocarpine",
"C": "Carbachol",
"D": "Physostigmine"
} | step1 | A | [
"year old female",
"evaluated",
"shortness of breath",
"last year",
"shortness of breath",
"subjective wheezing",
"exercise",
"intermittent coughing",
"night",
"reports waking",
"sleep coughing 1-2 times per month",
"now skips",
"class",
"symptoms",
"denies",
"coughing",
"chest tight... |
A 36-year-old man is admitted to the hospital for treatment of burn wounds on his upper extremities. Analgesic therapy with an opioid drug is begun. Shortly after, the patient develops chills, diaphoresis, nausea, and abdominal pain. On further questioning, the patient reports that he has been smoking opium at home to ... | Butorphanol | {
"A": "Hydrocodone",
"B": "Fentanyl",
"C": "Oxycodone",
"D": "Butorphanol"
} | step1 | D | [
"36 year old man",
"admitted",
"hospital",
"treatment of burn wounds",
"upper extremities",
"Analgesic",
"opioid",
"begun",
"patient",
"chills",
"diaphoresis",
"nausea",
"abdominal pain",
"further questioning",
"patient reports",
"smoking opium at home to help",
"depression",
"pain... |
A 55-year-old man comes to the physician because of heartburn for the past 2 years. He has no chest pain, dysphagia, weight loss, or fever. He has no history of any serious illnesses. He takes omeprazole daily. Vital signs are within normal limits. Body mass index (BMI) is 34 kg/m2. Physical exam shows no abnormalities... | Multiple endoscopic biopsies | {
"A": "Endoscopic mucosal ablation therapy",
"B": "High-dose pantoprazole",
"C": "Laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication",
"D": "Multiple endoscopic biopsies"
} | step2&3 | D | [
"55 year old man",
"physician",
"of heartburn",
"past",
"years",
"chest pain",
"dysphagia",
"weight loss",
"fever",
"history",
"serious illnesses",
"takes omeprazole daily",
"Vital signs",
"normal limits",
"Body mass index",
"kg/m2",
"Physical exam shows",
"abnormalities",
"endos... |
A 25-year-old male is brought into the emergency department by emergency medical services. The patient has a history of bipolar disease complicated by polysubstance use. He was found down in his apartment at the bottom of a staircase lying on his left arm. He was last seen several hours earlier by his roommate. He is d... | Calcium gluconate | {
"A": "Intubation",
"B": "Albuterol",
"C": "Insulin",
"D": "Calcium gluconate"
} | step2&3 | D | [
"year old male",
"brought",
"emergency department",
"emergency medical services",
"patient",
"history of bipolar disease complicated",
"polysubstance use",
"found",
"apartment",
"bottom of",
"staircase lying",
"left arm",
"last seen several hours earlier",
"roommate",
"disoriented",
"u... |
A 22-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department because of a 1-day history of double vision and rapidly worsening pain and swelling of her right eye. She had an upper respiratory tract infection a week ago after which she has had nasal congestion, recurrent headaches, and a purulent nasal discharge. She took... | Pain with eye movements | {
"A": "Worsening of ocular pain",
"B": "Leukocytosis",
"C": "Pain with eye movements",
"D": "Purulent nasal discharge and right cheek tenderness"
} | step2&3 | C | [
"year old woman",
"brought",
"emergency department",
"1-day history",
"double vision",
"rapidly worsening pain",
"swelling of",
"right eye",
"upper respiratory tract infection",
"week",
"nasal congestion",
"recurrent headaches",
"purulent nasal discharge",
"took antibiotics",
"respirator... |
A 55-year-old man with a 60 pack-year smoking history is referred by his primary care physician for a pulmonary function test (PFT). A previously obtained chest x-ray is shown below. Which of the following will most likely appear in his PFT report? | Residual volume increased, total lung capacity increased | {
"A": "Residual volume increased, total lung capacity increased",
"B": "Residual volume decreased, total lung capacity increased",
"C": "Residual volume normal, total lung capacity normal",
"D": "Residual volume normal, total lung capacity decreased"
} | step1 | A | [
"55 year old man",
"60 pack",
"smoking history",
"referred by",
"primary care physician",
"pulmonary function test",
"obtained chest x-ray",
"shown",
"following",
"most likely appear",
"PFT"
] |
Fourteen days after a laparoscopic cholecystectomy for cholelithiasis, a 45-year-old woman comes to the emergency department because of persistent episodic epigastric pain for 3 days. The pain radiates to her back, occurs randomly throughout the day, and is associated with nausea and vomiting. Each episode lasts 30 min... | Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography | {
"A": "Counseling on alcohol cessation",
"B": "Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography",
"C": "Reassurance and follow-up in 4 weeks",
"D": "CT scan of the abdomen"
} | step2&3 | B | [
"Fourteen days",
"laparoscopic cholecystectomy",
"cholelithiasis",
"year old woman",
"emergency department",
"of persistent episodic epigastric",
"3 days",
"pain radiates",
"back",
"occurs",
"day",
"associated with nausea",
"vomiting",
"episode",
"30 minutes",
"one hour",
"Antacids",... |
A 53-year-old woman presents to the office complaining of an extreme, nonradiating stabbing pain in the epigastric region after having a meal. She states that it has happened several times in the past week approximately 30 minutes after eating and spontaneously resolves. A day before, the patient went to urgent care wi... | Superior mesenteric artery | {
"A": "Superior mesenteric artery",
"B": "Gastroduodenal artery",
"C": "Gallbladder",
"D": "Inferior mesenteric artery"
} | step1 | A | [
"year old woman presents",
"office",
"extreme",
"stabbing pain",
"epigastric region",
"meal",
"states",
"happened",
"times",
"past approximately 30 minutes",
"eating",
"resolves",
"day",
"patient",
"urgent care",
"same complaint",
"abdominal X-ray",
"normal",
"Surgical history",
... |
A 36-year-old man is seen in the emergency department for back pain that has been getting progressively worse over the last 4 days. Upon further questioning, he also notes that he has been having a tingling and burning sensation rising up from his feet to his knees bilaterally. The patient states he is having difficult... | MRI | {
"A": "Emergency surgery",
"B": "Lumbar puncture",
"C": "MRI",
"D": "Pulmonary function tests"
} | step2&3 | C | [
"36 year old man",
"seen in",
"emergency department",
"back pain",
"getting",
"worse",
"days",
"further questioning",
"notes",
"tingling",
"burning sensation rising",
"feet",
"knees",
"patient states",
"difficulty urinating",
"bowel movements",
"days",
"temperature",
"97 4F",
"... |
A 45-year-old man presents with a long history of ulcers on the bottom of his feet. He recalls having a similar looking ulcer on the side of his penis when he was 19 years old for which he never sought treatment. The patient denies any fever, chills, or constitutional symptoms. He reports multiple sexual partners and a... | Positive Romberg's sign | {
"A": "Wide-based gait with a low step",
"B": "Positive Romberg's sign",
"C": "Memory loss",
"D": "Agraphesthesia"
} | step1 | B | [
"year old man presents",
"long history",
"ulcers",
"bottom of",
"feet",
"recalls",
"similar looking ulcer",
"side of",
"penis",
"years old",
"never",
"treatment",
"patient denies",
"fever",
"chills",
"constitutional symptoms",
"reports multiple sexual partners",
"very promiscuous s... |
A 44-year-old man presents for a checkup. The patient says he has to urinate quite frequently but denies any dysuria or pain on urination. Past medical history is significant for diabetes mellitus type 2 and hypertension, both managed medically, as well as a chronic mild cough for the past several years. Current medica... | Start exenatide. | {
"A": "Stop metformin.",
"B": "Replace captopril with valsartan.",
"C": "Start rosiglitazone.",
"D": "Start exenatide."
} | step1 | D | [
"year old man presents",
"checkup",
"patient",
"to",
"frequently",
"denies",
"dysuria",
"pain",
"urination",
"Past medical history",
"significant",
"diabetes mellitus type 2",
"hypertension",
"managed",
"chronic mild cough",
"past",
"years",
"Current medications",
"metformin",
... |
A 39-year-old woman presents to the clinic with complaints of constipation for the past 2 weeks. She reports that it has been getting increasingly difficult to pass stool to the point that she would go for 2-3 days without going to the bathroom. Prior to this, she passed stool every day without difficulty. She denies w... | Inhibition of sodium-phosphate cotransporter at the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) | {
"A": "Chronic renal disease caused by recurrent renal stones",
"B": "Defective G-coupled calcium-sensing receptors in multiple tissues",
"C": "Hereditary malfunction of phosphate absorption at the small brush border",
"D": "Inhibition of sodium-phosphate cotransporter at the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)"
... | step1 | D | [
"year old woman presents",
"clinic",
"complaints",
"constipation",
"past 2 weeks",
"reports",
"getting",
"difficult to pass stool",
"point",
"go",
"3 days",
"bathroom",
"passed stool",
"day",
"difficulty",
"denies weight changes",
"headaches",
"chest pain",
"abdominal pain",
"f... |
A 72-year-old man presents to the emergency department with a complaint of rectal bleeding. He describes blood mixed in with the stool, which is associated with a change in his normal bowel habit such that he is going more frequently than normal. He also has some crampy left-sided abdominal pain and weight loss. His sy... | Increasing age | {
"A": "Lack of dietary fiber intake",
"B": "Increasing age",
"C": "Low-dose aspirin use",
"D": "Naproxen use"
} | step2&3 | B | [
"72 year old man presents",
"emergency department",
"complaint",
"rectal bleeding",
"blood mixed",
"stool",
"associated with",
"change",
"normal bowel habit",
"more frequently",
"normal",
"crampy left-sided abdominal pain",
"weight loss",
"symptoms started 2 months",
"thought",
"due to... |
A 2-year-old male presents to the emergency department for fatigue and lethargy. Upon presentation, the patient is found to be severely dehydrated. The patient's mother says that he has been having non-bloody diarrhea for a day. She also says that the patient has not received any vaccinations after 6 months and current... | Rotavirus | {
"A": "Salmonella",
"B": "Shigella",
"C": "Rotavirus",
"D": "Norovirus"
} | step1 | C | [
"2 year old male presents",
"emergency department",
"fatigue",
"lethargy",
"presentation",
"patient",
"found to",
"severely dehydrated",
"patient's mother",
"non bloody diarrhea",
"day",
"patient",
"not received",
"vaccinations",
"months",
"currently attends",
"daycare center",
"re... |
A 3-year-old boy is brought to the physician by his mother for the evaluation of delay in attaining developmental milestones. He could sit upright by 14 months and has not been able to walk without support. He can build a tower of 3 blocks and cannot use utensils to feed himself. He speaks in unclear 2-word phrases and... | Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency | {
"A": "FMR1 gene mutation",
"B": "Branched-chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase complex deficiency",
"C": "Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency",
"D": "Microdeletion of paternal chromosome 15"
} | step2&3 | C | [
"3 year old boy",
"brought",
"physician",
"mother",
"evaluation",
"delay",
"developmental milestones",
"sit upright",
"months",
"not",
"able to walk",
"support",
"build",
"tower",
"blocks",
"use",
"to feed",
"speaks",
"word phrases",
"draw",
"circle",
"mother",
"hitting",... |
A 36-year-old man presents with the complaint of loose and watery stools for the past 3 days. He is now having bowel movements four to five times a day. He denies any blood or mucus in the stool. He also complains of abdominal pain and fatigue. Furthermore, he feels nauseous and does not feel like drinking anything. Hi... | Loop of Henle | {
"A": "Glomerulus",
"B": "Proximal straight tubule",
"C": "Loop of Henle",
"D": "Distal tubule"
} | step1 | C | [
"36 year old man presents",
"complaint",
"loose",
"watery stools",
"past 3 days",
"now",
"bowel movements four",
"five times",
"day",
"denies",
"blood",
"mucus in",
"stool",
"abdominal pain",
"fatigue",
"feels nauseous",
"not feel",
"drinking",
"urine",
"yellow",
"low",
"vo... |
A 19-year-old male presents to the ER with generalized tonic-clonic seizures. He does not have a prior history of seizures and has not taken any drugs except for his daily asthma medication. Which of the following is associated with seizures: | Theophylline | {
"A": "Albuterol",
"B": "Cromolyn",
"C": "Theophylline",
"D": "Prednisone"
} | step1 | C | [
"year old male presents",
"ER",
"generalized tonic-clonic seizures",
"not",
"prior history",
"seizures",
"not taken",
"drugs",
"daily asthma medication",
"following",
"associated with seizures"
] |
Please refer to the summary above to answer this question
This patient is at greatest risk of damage to which of the following cardiovascular structures?"
"Patient Information
Age: 44 years
Gender: M, self-identified
Ethnicity: Caucasian
Site of Care: office
History
Reason for Visit/Chief Concern: “I am thirsty all the... | Cardiac conduction system | {
"A": "Pulmonary valve",
"B": "Cardiac septum",
"C": "Coronary artery",
"D": "Cardiac conduction system"
} | step2&3 | D | [
"refer",
"summary above to answer",
"question",
"patient",
"greatest risk",
"damage",
"following cardiovascular structures",
"Patient Age",
"years Gender",
"M",
"self identified Ethnicity",
"Caucasian Site of Care",
"office History Reason for Visit",
"Concern",
"I",
"thirsty",
"time"... |
A 50-year-old woman presents with altered taste and a gritty sensation in her eyes for the last month. She mentions that she needs to drink water frequently and often feels that her mouth and throat are dry. On physical examination, she has bilateral enlargement of the parotid glands and dry conjunctivae. Her physical ... | Selective M3 muscarinic receptor agonist | {
"A": "Selective M1 muscarinic receptor antagonist",
"B": "Selective M2 muscarinic receptor agonist",
"C": "Selective M2 muscarinic receptor antagonist",
"D": "Selective M3 muscarinic receptor agonist"
} | step1 | D | [
"50 year old woman presents",
"altered taste",
"gritty sensation",
"eyes",
"last month",
"needs to drink water frequently",
"often feels",
"mouth",
"throat",
"dry",
"physical examination",
"bilateral enlargement of",
"parotid glands",
"dry conjunctivae",
"physical examination",
"labora... |
A 54-year-old man with alcoholism comes to the emergency department because of vomiting blood for 6 hours. He has had 3–4 episodes in which he has vomited dark red blood during this period. He has had no epigastric pain or tarry stools. On arrival, his temperature is 37.3°C (99.1°F), pulse is 134/min, and blood pressur... | Variceal ligation | {
"A": "Octreotide therapy",
"B": "Terlipressin",
"C": "Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt",
"D": "Variceal ligation"
} | step2&3 | D | [
"54 year old man",
"alcoholism",
"emergency department",
"of vomiting blood",
"hours",
"episodes",
"vomited dark red blood",
"period",
"epigastric pain",
"tarry stools",
"arrival",
"temperature",
"3C",
"99",
"pulse",
"min",
"blood pressure",
"80 50 mm Hg",
"resuscitated",
"0.9"... |
A 38-year-old man presents to his primary care practitioner for 2 months of rectal bleeding. He also reports occasional diarrhea and abdominal pain. His family history is relevant for his father and uncle, who died from complications of colorectal cancer. Colonoscopy shows more than 10 colorectal adenomas. Which of the... | APC | {
"A": "RAS",
"B": "TP53",
"C": "APC",
"D": "hMLH1"
} | step1 | C | [
"year old man presents",
"primary practitioner",
"2 months",
"rectal bleeding",
"reports occasional diarrhea",
"abdominal pain",
"family history",
"relevant",
"father",
"uncle",
"died",
"complications",
"colorectal",
"Colonoscopy shows more",
"10 colorectal adenomas",
"following genes"... |
A 36-year-old male is taken to the emergency room after jumping from a building. Bilateral fractures to the femur were stabilized at the scene by emergency medical technicians. The patient is lucid upon questioning and his vitals are stable. Pain only at his hips was elicited. Cervical exam was not performed. What is t... | Anterior-posterior (AP) and lateral radiographs of hips, knees, lumbar, and cervical area | {
"A": "Lateral radiograph (x-ray) of hips",
"B": "Computed tomagraphy (CT) scan of his hips and lumbar area",
"C": "Anterior-posterior (AP) and lateral radiographs of hips, knees, lumbar, and cervical area",
"D": "AP and lateral radiographs of hips"
} | step2&3 | C | [
"36 year old male",
"taken",
"emergency room",
"jumping from",
"building",
"Bilateral fractures",
"femur",
"stabilized",
"emergency medical technicians",
"patient",
"lucid",
"questioning",
"stable",
"Pain only",
"hips",
"elicited",
"Cervical exam",
"not performed",
"best imaging ... |
A 65-year-old man presents to the dermatology clinic to have a basal cell carcinoma excised from his upper back. The lesion measures 2.3 x 3.2 cm. He has a medical history significant for hypertension and diabetes mellitus type II, for which he takes lisinopril and metformin, respectively. He has had a basal cell carci... | Local anesthesia | {
"A": "Local anesthesia",
"B": "Peripheral nerve block",
"C": "Spinal anesthesia",
"D": "General anesthesia"
} | step2&3 | A | [
"65 year old man presents",
"dermatology clinic to",
"basal cell carcinoma",
"upper back",
"lesion measures 2",
"2",
"medical history significant",
"hypertension",
"diabetes mellitus type II",
"takes lisinopril",
"metformin",
"basal cell carcinoma",
"clinic",
"complications",
"following ... |
A 53-year-old man is brought to the physician by his wife because of strange behavior and emotional outbursts for the past 6 months. He was previously healthy and physically active, but he recently started binge-eating candy and stopped exercising. He was fired from his job for inappropriate behavior after he undressed... | Frontal cortex | {
"A": "Frontal cortex",
"B": "Caudate nucleus",
"C": "Hippocampus",
"D": "Corona radiata"
} | step1 | A | [
"year old man",
"brought",
"physician",
"wife",
"strange behavior",
"emotional outbursts",
"past 6 months",
"healthy",
"physically active",
"recently started binge-eating candy",
"stopped exercising",
"fired",
"job",
"inappropriate behavior",
"undressed",
"office",
"made",
"remarks... |
A 10-month-old infant is brought in by his parents because he is vomiting and not passing stool. His parents say he has vomited multiple times over the past couple of hours, but the most recent vomit was green. The patient has no significant past medical history. On physical examination, the patient is irritable and cr... | Intussusception | {
"A": "Meckel’s diverticulum",
"B": "Duodenal atresia",
"C": "Pyloric stenosis",
"D": "Intussusception"
} | step1 | D | [
"A 10 month old infant",
"brought",
"parents",
"vomiting",
"not passing stool",
"parents",
"vomited multiple times",
"past couple",
"hours",
"most recent vomit",
"green",
"patient",
"significant past medical history",
"physical examination",
"patient",
"irritable",
"crying",
"palpa... |
A 23-year-old woman comes to the physician because of increased urinary frequency and pain on urination for two days. She has had three similar episodes over the past year that resolved with antibiotic treatment. She has no history of serious illness. She is sexually active with one male partner; they do not use barrie... | Daily oral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
" | {
"A": "Postcoital vaginal probiotics",
"B": "Treatment of the partner with intramuscular ceftriaxone",
"C": "Postcoital oral amoxicillin-clavulanate",
"D": "Daily oral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole\n\""
} | step2&3 | D | [
"23 year old woman",
"physician",
"increased urinary frequency",
"pain",
"urination",
"two days",
"three similar episodes",
"past year",
"resolved",
"antibiotic treatment",
"history",
"serious illness",
"sexually active",
"one male partner",
"not use barrier contraception",
"questionin... |
A patient presents to the emergency department with arm pain. The patient recently experienced an open fracture of his radius when he fell from a ladder while cleaning his house. Surgical reduction took place and the patient's forearm was put in a cast. Since then, the patient has experienced worsening pain in his arm.... | Emergency fasciotomy | {
"A": "Ibuprofen and reassurance",
"B": "Radiography",
"C": "Measurement of compartment pressure",
"D": "Emergency fasciotomy"
} | step2&3 | D | [
"patient presents",
"emergency department",
"arm pain",
"patient recently experienced",
"open fracture of",
"radius",
"fell from",
"ladder",
"cleaning",
"house",
"Surgical reduction took place",
"patient's forearm",
"put",
"cast",
"then",
"patient",
"experienced worsening pain in",
... |
A 4-month-old boy is brought to the pediatrician for a wellness visit. Upon examination, the physician notes severe burns on the sun-exposed areas of the skin, including the face (especially the ears and nose), dorsal aspect of the hands, shoulders, and dorsal aspect of his feet. The child has very fair skin and blond ... | UV-B radiation | {
"A": "Infrared radiation",
"B": "Child abuse",
"C": "UV-B radiation",
"D": "Ionizing radiation"
} | step1 | C | [
"4 month old boy",
"brought",
"pediatrician",
"wellness visit",
"examination",
"physician notes severe burns",
"sun-exposed areas of",
"skin",
"including",
"face",
"ears",
"nose",
"dorsal aspect",
"hands",
"shoulders",
"dorsal aspect",
"feet",
"child",
"very fair skin",
"blond ... |
Three days after undergoing an open cholecystectomy, a 73-year-old man has fever and abdominal pain. He has hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and benign prostatic hyperplasia. He had smoked one pack of cigarettes daily for 40 years but quit 1 year ago. He does not drink alco... | Bladder outlet obstruction | {
"A": "Wound contamination",
"B": "Impaired alveolar ventilation",
"C": "Bladder outlet obstruction",
"D": "Intraabdominal abscess formation"
} | step2&3 | C | [
"Three days",
"open cholecystectomy",
"year old man",
"fever",
"abdominal pain",
"hypertension",
"type 2 diabetes mellitus",
"chronic obstructive pulmonary disease",
"benign prostatic hyperplasia",
"smoked one pack",
"cigarettes daily",
"40 years",
"quit",
"year",
"not drink alcohol",
... |
A 45-year-old man presents to his primary care physician complaining of increasingly frequent headaches. He also reports that his hats and wedding ring do not fit anymore. His temperature is 99°F (37.2°C), blood pressure is 145/80 mmHg, pulse is 85/min, and respirations are 16/min. Physical examination is notable for f... | Carpal tunnel syndrome | {
"A": "Pheochromocytoma",
"B": "Medullary thyroid carcinoma",
"C": "Carpal tunnel syndrome",
"D": "Osteosarcoma"
} | step1 | C | [
"year old man presents",
"primary care physician",
"frequent headaches",
"reports",
"hats",
"wedding ring",
"not fit",
"temperature",
"blood pressure",
"80 mmHg",
"pulse",
"85 min",
"respirations",
"min",
"Physical examination",
"notable",
"frontal bossing",
"prominent jaw",
"enl... |
A 78-year-old man presents to the clinic complaining of shortness of breath at rest and with exertion. He also complains of difficulty breathing while lying down. He also is concerned because he startles from sleep and feels like he is choking. These symptoms have been bothering him for the last several weeks and they ... | Captopril | {
"A": "Captopril",
"B": "Verapamil",
"C": "Levofloxacin",
"D": "Nitroglycerin"
} | step2&3 | A | [
"year old man presents",
"clinic",
"of shortness",
"breath",
"rest",
"exertion",
"difficulty breathing",
"lying",
"concerned",
"sleep",
"feels",
"choking",
"symptoms",
"last",
"weeks",
"getting worse",
"afebrile with",
"known sick contacts",
"months",
"acute myocardial infarcti... |
A 72-year-old man is brought in by his daughter who is concerned about his recent memory impairment. The patient’s daughter says she has noticed impairment in memory and functioning for the past month. She says that he has forgotten to pay bills and go shopping, and, as a result, the electricity was cut off due to non-... | Pseudodementia | {
"A": "Pseudodementia",
"B": "Dementia",
"C": "Delirium",
"D": "Pick’s disease"
} | step2&3 | A | [
"72 year old man",
"brought",
"daughter",
"concerned",
"recent",
"patients daughter",
"impairment",
"memory",
"functioning",
"past month",
"forgotten to pay bills",
"go shopping",
"result",
"electricity",
"cut off due to non payment",
"last week",
"turned",
"stove",
"forgot",
"... |
A 47-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 3-day history of fever, fatigue, loss of appetite, cough, and chest pain. Physical examination shows diffuse inspiratory crackles over the left lung field. An x-ray of the chest shows hilar lymphadenopathy and well-defined nodules with central calcifications. Urin... | Exposure to bat droppings | {
"A": "Treatment with inhaled glucocorticoids",
"B": "Recent trip to Brazil",
"C": "Previous mycobacterial infection",
"D": "Exposure to bat droppings"
} | step1 | D | [
"year old woman",
"physician",
"3-day history",
"fever",
"fatigue",
"loss of appetite",
"cough",
"chest",
"Physical examination shows diffuse inspiratory crackles",
"left lung field",
"x-ray of",
"chest shows hilar lymphadenopathy",
"well-defined nodules",
"central calcifications",
"Urin... |
Researchers are studying the relationship between heart disease and alcohol consumption. They review the electronic medical records of 500 patients at a local hospital during the study period and identify the presence or absence of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and the number of alcoholic drinks consumed on the day of ... | Cross-sectional study | {
"A": "Randomized controlled trial",
"B": "Cross-sectional study",
"C": "Retrospective study",
"D": "Prospective study"
} | step1 | B | [
"Researchers",
"studying",
"relationship",
"heart",
"alcohol consumption",
"review",
"electronic medical records",
"500 patients",
"local hospital",
"study period",
"presence",
"absence",
"acute coronary syndrome",
"number",
"alcoholic drinks",
"day",
"presentation",
"find",
"low... |
A 38-year-old man presents to his primary care provider for abdominal pain. He reports that he has had a dull, burning pain for several months that has progressively gotten worse. He also notes a weight loss of about five pounds over that time frame. The patient endorses nausea and feels that the pain is worse after me... | Medication use | {
"A": "Physiologic stress",
"B": "Alcohol use",
"C": "Medication use",
"D": "Family history of cancer"
} | step2&3 | C | [
"year old man presents",
"primary care provider",
"abdominal pain",
"reports",
"dull",
"burning pain",
"months",
"gotten worse",
"notes",
"weight loss of",
"five pounds over",
"time frame",
"patient",
"nausea",
"feels",
"pain",
"worse",
"meals",
"denies",
"vomiting",
"diarrhe... |
A 26-year-old man being treated for major depressive disorder returns to his psychiatrist complaining that he has grown weary of the sexual side effects. Which other medication used to treat major depressive disorder may be appropriate as a stand-alone or add-on therapy? | Buproprion | {
"A": "Paroxetine",
"B": "Venlafaxine",
"C": "Buproprion",
"D": "Cyproheptadine"
} | step2&3 | C | [
"year old man",
"treated",
"major depressive disorder returns",
"psychiatrist",
"weary",
"sexual side effects",
"medication used to treat major depressive disorder",
"appropriate",
"stand-alone",
"add",
"therapy"
] |
A 25-year-old man presents to the emergency department with a severe pulsatile headache for an hour. He says that he is having palpitations as well. He adds that he has had several episodes of headache in the past which resolved without seeking medical attention. He is a non-smoker and does not drink alcohol. He denies... | Phenoxybenzamine followed by propanolol | {
"A": "Propranolol followed by phenoxybenzamine",
"B": "Phenoxybenzamine followed by propanolol",
"C": "Amlodipine",
"D": "Hydralazine"
} | step2&3 | B | [
"year old man presents",
"emergency department",
"severe pulsatile headache",
"hour",
"palpitations",
"well",
"adds",
"several episodes of headache",
"past",
"resolved",
"seeking medical attention",
"non-smoker",
"not drink alcohol",
"denies use",
"illicit drugs",
"looks scared",
"an... |
An investigator is comparing the risk of adverse effects among various antiarrhythmic medications. One of the drugs being studied primarily acts by blocking the outward flow of K+ during myocyte repolarization. Further investigation shows that the use of this drug is associated with a lower rate of ventricular tachycar... | Amiodarone | {
"A": "Sotalol",
"B": "Procainamide",
"C": "Verapamil",
"D": "Amiodarone"
} | step1 | D | [
"investigator",
"comparing",
"risk",
"adverse effects",
"various antiarrhythmic",
"One",
"drugs",
"studied",
"acts",
"blocking",
"outward flow",
"K",
"myocyte",
"Further investigation shows",
"use",
"drug",
"associated with",
"lower rate",
"ventricular tachycardia",
"ventricula... |
A 67-year-old man presents with fatigue, progressive abdominal distention and yellow skin coloration for the past 2 weeks. He denies fever, chills, or other symptoms. Past medical history is unremarkable. He reports heavy alcohol consumption for the past several years but says he quit recently. On physical examination,... | Alcoholic liver disease | {
"A": "Hemochromatosis",
"B": "Chronic viral hepatitis",
"C": "Alcoholic liver disease",
"D": "Non alcoholic fatty liver disease"
} | step1 | C | [
"67 year old man presents",
"fatigue",
"progressive abdominal distention",
"yellow",
"past 2 weeks",
"denies fever",
"chills",
"symptoms",
"Past medical history",
"unremarkable",
"reports heavy alcohol consumption",
"past",
"years",
"quit recently",
"physical examination",
"patient app... |
A recent study attempted to analyze whether increased "patient satisfaction" driven healthcare resulted in increased hospitalization. Using this patient population, the sociodemographics, health status, and hospital use were assessed. Next year, patient satisfaction with health care providers was assessed using 5 items... | Prospective cohort | {
"A": "Cross-sectional study",
"B": "Prospective case-control",
"C": "Prospective cohort",
"D": "Retrospective case-control"
} | step2&3 | C | [
"recent study attempted to",
"increased",
"patient satisfaction",
"driven healthcare resulted",
"increased hospitalization",
"Using",
"patient population",
"health status",
"hospital use",
"assessed",
"Next year",
"patient satisfaction",
"health care providers",
"assessed using 5 items",
... |
A 16-year-old man presents to the emergency department complaining of episodes of pounding headache, chest fluttering, and excessive sweating. He has a past history of kidney stones that are composed of calcium oxalate. He does not smoke or drink alcohol. Family history reveals that his mother died of thyroid cancer. V... | RET proto-oncogene | {
"A": "BRAF",
"B": "RET proto-oncogene",
"C": "BCL2",
"D": "HER-2/neu (C-erbB2)"
} | step2&3 | B | [
"year old man presents",
"emergency department",
"of episodes",
"pounding headache",
"chest fluttering",
"excessive sweating",
"past history of kidney stones",
"calcium oxalate",
"not smoke",
"drink alcohol",
"Family history reveals",
"mother died of thyroid cancer",
"Vital signs reveal",
... |
A 65-year-old man presents to his primary care physician for fatigue. The patient states that he has not been sleeping well and requests sleep medication to help him with his fatigue. He recently changed his diet to try to increase his energy and has been on a vegetarian diet for the past several months. The patient ha... | Pancreatic adenocarcinoma | {
"A": "Autoimmune hemolytic anemia",
"B": "Gallbladder adenocarcinoma",
"C": "Iron deficiency anemia",
"D": "Pancreatic adenocarcinoma"
} | step2&3 | D | [
"65 year old man presents",
"primary care physician",
"fatigue",
"patient states",
"not",
"sleeping well",
"requests sleep medication to help",
"fatigue",
"recently changed",
"diet to",
"to increase",
"energy",
"vegetarian diet",
"past",
"months",
"patient",
"significant past medical... |
A 61-year-old man comes to the emergency department because of a 3-hour history of pain and redness of both eyes. He has new blurry vision and difficulty opening his eyes in bright surroundings. He has not had any recent trauma. He uses contact lenses daily. He had surgery on his left eye 6 months ago after a penetrati... | Autoimmune reaction against retinal antigens | {
"A": "Reactivation of herpes zoster virus",
"B": "Autoimmune reaction against retinal antigens",
"C": "Impaired drainage of aqueous humor",
"D": "Age-related denaturation of lens proteins"
} | step2&3 | B | [
"61 year old man",
"emergency department",
"3 hour history",
"pain",
"redness of",
"eyes",
"new blurry vision",
"difficulty opening",
"eyes",
"bright surroundings",
"not",
"recent trauma",
"uses contact lenses daily",
"surgery",
"left",
"months",
"penetrative trauma caused",
"splin... |
A 29-year-old woman presents with shortness of breath and chest pain for the past week. She says her chest pain is aggravated by deep breathing and she becomes short of breath while walking upstairs in her home. She also has been feeling feverish and fatigued for the past week, as well as pain in her wrists, hands, and... | Fas-FasL interaction | {
"A": "Intrinsic pathway",
"B": "Necrosis",
"C": "Fas-FasL interaction",
"D": "Bcl-2 overexpression"
} | step1 | C | [
"29 year old woman presents",
"shortness of breath",
"chest pain",
"past week",
"chest pain",
"aggravated",
"deep breathing",
"short of breath",
"walking upstairs in",
"home",
"feeling feverish",
"fatigued",
"past week",
"pain in",
"wrists",
"hands",
"left knee",
"Review of systems... |
An investigator is studying severely ill patients who experience hypoglycemia and ketonuria during times of fasting. The investigator determines that during these episodes, amino acids liberated from muscle proteins are metabolized to serve as substrates for gluconeogenesis. Nitrogen from this process is transported to... | Alanine | {
"A": "Pyruvate",
"B": "Arginine",
"C": "Alanine",
"D": "Glutamate"
} | step1 | C | [
"investigator",
"studying severely ill patients",
"experience hypoglycemia",
"ketonuria",
"times",
"fasting",
"investigator",
"episodes",
"amino acids",
"muscle proteins",
"metabolized to",
"substrates",
"gluconeogenesis",
"Nitrogen",
"process",
"transported",
"liver",
"form",
"f... |
A 62-year-old man presents to the emergency room with an acute myocardial infarction. Twenty-four hours after admission to the cardiac intensive care unit, he develops oliguria. Laboratory tests show that his serum BUN is 59 mg/dL and his serum creatinine is 6.2 mg/dL. Renal biopsy reveals necrosis of the proximal tubu... | Muddy brown casts | {
"A": "Fatty casts",
"B": "Muddy brown casts",
"C": "Hyaline casts",
"D": "Broad waxy casts"
} | step1 | B | [
"62 year old man presents",
"emergency room",
"acute myocardial infarction",
"Twenty-four hours",
"admission",
"cardiac intensive care unit",
"oliguria",
"Laboratory tests show",
"serum",
"59 mg/dL",
"serum creatinine",
"6.2 mg/dL",
"Renal biopsy reveals necrosis",
"proximal tubules",
"t... |
A 26-year-old man comes to the physician because of episodic palpitations for the past 2 months. He has the feeling that sometimes his heart “skips a beat”. His father has a history of atrial fibrillation and myocardial infarction. He has smoked one pack of cigarettes daily for 5 years. He drinks 1–2 beers on the weeke... | Smoking cessation | {
"A": "Coronary angiography",
"B": "Metoprolol therapy",
"C": "Permanent pacemaker placement",
"D": "Smoking cessation"
} | step2&3 | D | [
"year old man",
"physician",
"of episodic palpitations",
"past",
"months",
"feeling",
"sometimes",
"heart skips",
"father",
"history of atrial fibrillation",
"myocardial infarction",
"smoked one pack",
"cigarettes daily",
"5 years",
"drinks",
"beers",
"weekends",
"vital signs",
"... |
A 60-year-old woman is rushed to the emergency room after falling on her right elbow while walking down the stairs. She cannot raise her right arm. Her vital signs are stable, and the physical examination reveals loss of sensation over the upper lateral aspect of the right arm and shoulder. A radiologic evaluation show... | Teres minor | {
"A": "Teres minor",
"B": "Supraspinatus",
"C": "Teres major",
"D": "Subscapularis"
} | step1 | A | [
"60 year old woman",
"rushed",
"emergency room",
"falling",
"right elbow",
"walking",
"stairs",
"right arm",
"vital signs",
"stable",
"physical examination reveals loss of sensation",
"upper lateral aspect",
"right arm",
"shoulder",
"radiologic evaluation shows",
"fracture of",
"surg... |
A 25-year-old man presents to his gastroenterologist for trouble swallowing. The patient states that whenever he eats solids, he regurgitates them back up. Given this patient's suspected diagnosis, the gastroenterologist performs a diagnostic test. Several hours later, the patient presents to the emergency department w... | Gastrografin swallow | {
"A": "Barium swallow",
"B": "Urgent surgery",
"C": "Gastrografin swallow",
"D": "Ultrasound"
} | step2&3 | C | [
"year old man presents",
"gastroenterologist",
"swallowing",
"patient states",
"eats solids",
"regurgitates",
"back",
"Given",
"patient's suspected diagnosis",
"gastroenterologist performs",
"diagnostic test",
"hours later",
"patient presents",
"emergency department",
"chest pain",
"sh... |
A four-year-old boy is brought to his pediatrician by his mother for recurrent nosebleeds. The mother reports that the boy has had five nosebleeds within the past 2 weeks, each lasting between 15 and 20 minutes. The patient was born at term and has been hospitalized twice for pneumonia treatment. There is no family his... | Defect in DNA crosslink repair | {
"A": "Defect in DNA crosslink repair",
"B": "Mutation in WAS protein",
"C": "Recent history of NSAID use",
"D": "Postviral autoimmune reaction"
} | step2&3 | A | [
"four year old boy",
"brought",
"pediatrician",
"mother",
"recurrent nosebleeds",
"mother reports",
"boy",
"five nosebleeds",
"past 2 weeks",
"lasting",
"20 minutes",
"patient",
"born",
"term",
"hospitalized twice",
"pneumonia treatment",
"family history",
"serious illness",
"pat... |
A 21-year-old man presents to the physician with numbness and weakness in both legs for about a day. He also mentions that both thighs ache. His past medical history is not significant except for some diarrhea about 3 weeks ago. On physical examination, his temperature is 37.2ºC (99.0ºF), pulse rate is 108/min and resp... | Decreased neuronal excitability | {
"A": "Genetic overexpression of K+ channels in skeletal muscle",
"B": "Decreased neuronal excitability",
"C": "Toxin-mediated blockade of voltage-gated fast Na+ channels",
"D": "Autoantibody-mediated destruction of Ca2+ channels in the nerve endings at the neuromuscular junction"
} | step1 | B | [
"21-year-old man presents",
"physician",
"numbness",
"weakness in both legs",
"about",
"day",
"thighs ache",
"past medical history",
"not significant",
"diarrhea",
"3 weeks",
"physical examination",
"temperature",
"99",
"pulse rate",
"min",
"respiratory rate",
"min",
"blood press... |
Confident of your performance on Step 1 given your extensive utilization of Medbullets, you preemptively start to ponder your future specialty choice. You come across an analysis of lifestyle factors and how they affect medical student specialty choices. Image A depicts two scatter plots comparing the relationship betw... | Median income has a stronger correlation with matching difficulty than weekly work hours | {
"A": "The harder the specialty is to match into, the higher the weekly work hours",
"B": "Weekly work hours has a stronger correlation with matching difficulty than median income",
"C": "Median income has a stronger correlation with matching difficulty than weekly work hours",
"D": "The higher the median inco... | step1 | C | [
"Confident",
"performance",
"Step 1",
"extensive utilization",
"start to",
"future specialty choice",
"analysis",
"lifestyle factors",
"affect medical student specialty choices",
"Image",
"two scatter",
"comparing",
"relationship",
"median income",
"weekly work hours",
"difficulty",
... |
A 50-year-old man undergoes parathyroidectomy for treatment-resistant hyperparathyroidism. The procedure is complicated by brisk bleeding from an artery that travels along the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve. To stop the bleeding, the artery is ligated at its origin. Which of the following is most likel... | External carotid artery | {
"A": "Subclavian artery",
"B": "Internal carotid artery",
"C": "External carotid artery",
"D": "Thyrocervical trunk"
} | step1 | C | [
"50 year old man",
"parathyroidectomy",
"treatment resistant hyperparathyroidism",
"procedure",
"complicated",
"brisk bleeding",
"artery",
"travels",
"external branch of",
"superior laryngeal nerve",
"To stop",
"bleeding",
"artery",
"origin",
"following",
"most likely",
"origin",
"... |
A 27-year-old man presents to the emergency department with a progressively worsening cough, wheezes, and chest tightness over the last 2 days. He has a history of moderate persistent asthma and his maintenance regimen consists of an inhaled corticosteroid, a long-acting beta-agonist, and albuterol as rescue therapy. H... | Respiratory acidosis | {
"A": "Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) >70%",
"B": "Dyspnea that limits usual daily activity",
"C": "Symptoms lasting for > 3 days after starting treatment",
"D": "Respiratory acidosis"
} | step2&3 | D | [
"27 year old man presents",
"emergency department",
"worsening cough",
"wheezes",
"chest tightness",
"2 days",
"history of moderate persistent asthma",
"maintenance regimen consists",
"inhaled corticosteroid",
"a long",
"beta agonist",
"albuterol",
"therapy",
"not improved",
"inhaler",
... |
A 29-year-old woman is brought to the physician by her father because of a change in her behavior over the past 8 months. The father says that his daughter has become increasingly withdrawn; she has not answered any phone calls or visited her family and friends. The patient says that she has to stay at home because a f... | Schizophrenia | {
"A": "Schizophrenia",
"B": "Paranoid personality disorder",
"C": "Schizoid personality disorder",
"D": "Schizophreniform disorder"
} | step1 | A | [
"29 year old woman",
"brought",
"physician",
"father",
"change",
"behavior",
"past",
"months",
"father",
"daughter",
"withdrawn",
"not answered",
"phone calls",
"visited",
"family",
"friends",
"patient",
"to",
"home",
"foreign intelligence service",
"monitoring",
"thinks",
... |
A 5-year-old boy is brought to his pediatrician's office by his parents for a scheduled visit. His father tells the physician that he has observed, on several occasions, that his son has difficulty breathing. This is more prominent when he is outside playing with his friends. These symptoms are increased during the spr... | Inhaled albuterol | {
"A": "Inhaled salmeterol",
"B": "Inhaled albuterol",
"C": "High-dose budesonide",
"D": "Oral prednisone"
} | step2&3 | B | [
"5 year old boy",
"brought",
"pediatrician's office",
"parents",
"scheduled visit",
"father",
"physician",
"observed",
"several occasions",
"son",
"difficulty breathing",
"more prominent",
"outside playing",
"friends",
"symptoms",
"increased",
"spring",
"winter seasons",
"late",
... |
An 18-year-old man presents with bloody diarrhea and weight loss. He undergoes endoscopic biopsy which shows pseudopolyps. Biopsies taken during the endoscopy show inflammation only involving the mucosa and submucosa. He is diagnosed with an inflammatory bowel disease. Which of the following was most likely found? | Rectal involvement | {
"A": "Noncaseating granuloma",
"B": "Fistulas and strictures",
"C": "Rectal involvement",
"D": "Cobblestone mucosa"
} | step1 | C | [
"year old man presents",
"bloody diarrhea",
"weight loss",
"endoscopic biopsy",
"shows pseudopolyps",
"Biopsies taken",
"endoscopy show inflammation only involving",
"mucosa",
"submucosa",
"diagnosed",
"inflammatory bowel disease",
"following",
"most likely found"
] |
A 37-year-old man presents to his primary care provider complaining of bilateral arm numbness. He was involved in a motor vehicle accident 3 months ago. His past medical history is notable for obesity and psoriatic arthritis. He takes adalimumab. His temperature is 99.3°F (37.4°C), blood pressure is 130/85 mmHg, pulse ... | Ventral white commissure | {
"A": "Ventral white commissure",
"B": "Cuneate fasciculus",
"C": "Anterior corticospinal tract",
"D": "Spinocerebellar tract"
} | step1 | A | [
"year old man presents",
"primary care provider",
"bilateral arm numbness",
"involved",
"motor vehicle accident",
"months",
"past medical history",
"notable",
"obesity",
"psoriatic arthritis",
"takes adalimumab",
"temperature",
"99",
"4C",
"blood pressure",
"85 mmHg",
"pulse",
"90 ... |
A 46-year-old Caucasian male with past medical history of HIV (CD4: 77/mm^3), hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and osteoarthritis presents to the emergency department with sudden weakness of his right hand. He reports that the weakness has gradually been getting worse and that this morning he dropped his cup of coffee. He... | Head CT | {
"A": "Serology for Toxoplasma-specific IgG antibodies",
"B": "Head CT",
"C": "Empiric treatment with pyrimethamine-sulfadiazine",
"D": "Empiric treatment with itraconazole"
} | step2&3 | B | [
"year old Caucasian male",
"past medical history of HIV",
"CD4",
"mm",
"hypertension",
"hyperlipidemia",
"osteoarthritis presents",
"emergency department",
"sudden weakness of",
"right hand",
"reports",
"weakness",
"getting worse",
"morning",
"dropped",
"cup",
"coffee",
"never",
... |
A 17-year-old girl comes to the physician because of a 12-hour history of profuse watery diarrhea with flecks of mucus that started shortly after she returned from a trip to South America. She has not had any fever or nausea. Pulse is 104/min and blood pressure is 110/65 mm Hg. Physical examination shows dry mucous mem... | Luminal chloride hypersecretion due to overactivation of adenylate cyclase | {
"A": "Fluid and electrolyte loss due to inflammation of luminal surface epithelium",
"B": "Luminal chloride hypersecretion due to overactivation of adenylate cyclase",
"C": "Impaired intestinal motility due to degeneration of autonomic nerves",
"D": "Excessive water excretion due to osmotically active solutes... | step1 | B | [
"year old girl",
"physician",
"12-hour history",
"watery diarrhea",
"flecks",
"mucus",
"started",
"returned",
"trip",
"South America",
"not",
"fever",
"nausea",
"Pulse",
"min",
"blood pressure",
"65 mm Hg",
"Physical examination shows dry mucous membranes",
"decreased skin turgor... |
A 16-year-old girl comes to her primary care physician for an annual check-up. She has no specific complaints. Her medical history is significant for asthma. She uses an albuterol inhaler as needed. She has no notable surgical history. Her mom had breast cancer and her grandfather died of colon cancer. She received all... | No HPV-related screening and administer HPV vaccine | {
"A": "Cytology and human papilloma virus (HPV) testing now and then every 3 years",
"B": "Cytology and HPV testing now and then every 5 years",
"C": "Cytology now and then every 3 years",
"D": "No HPV-related screening and administer HPV vaccine"
} | step2&3 | D | [
"year old girl",
"primary care physician",
"annual check-up",
"specific complaints",
"medical history",
"significant",
"asthma",
"uses",
"albuterol inhaler as needed",
"notable surgical history",
"mom",
"breast cancer",
"grandfather died of colon cancer",
"received",
"childhood scheduled... |
A 4-year-old boy with beta thalassemia requires regular blood transfusions a few times per month because of persistent anemia. He is scheduled for a splenectomy in the next several months. Samples obtained from the boy’s red blood cells show a malformed protein with a length of 160 amino acids (in normal, healthy red b... | Splice site mutation | {
"A": "Frameshift mutation",
"B": "Missense mutation",
"C": "Nonsense mutation",
"D": "Splice site mutation"
} | step1 | D | [
"4 year old boy",
"beta",
"regular blood transfusions",
"few times",
"month",
"persistent anemia",
"scheduled",
"splenectomy",
"next",
"months",
"Samples obtained",
"boys red blood cells show",
"malformed protein",
"length",
"amino acids",
"normal",
"healthy red blood cells",
"func... |
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