question stringlengths 66 3.58k | answer stringlengths 1 230 | options dict | meta_info stringclasses 2
values | answer_idx stringclasses 4
values | metamap_phrases listlengths 1 184 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A 56-year-old man presents to the physician for the evaluation of excess snoring over the past year. He has no history of a serious illness and takes no medications. He does not smoke. His blood pressure is 155/95 mm Hg. BMI is 49 kg/m2. Oropharyngeal examination shows an enlarged uvula. Examination of the nasal cavity... | Obesity hypoventilation syndrome | {
"A": "Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome",
"B": "Obesity hypoventilation syndrome",
"C": "Central hypoventilation syndrome",
"D": "Central hypoventilation syndrome with obstructive sleep apnea"
} | step2&3 | B | [
"year old man presents",
"physician",
"evaluation",
"excess snoring",
"past year",
"history",
"serious illness",
"takes",
"medications",
"not smoke",
"blood pressure",
"95 mm Hg",
"BMI",
"kg/m2",
"Oropharyngeal examination shows",
"enlarged uvula",
"Examination of",
"nasal cavity s... |
A 55-year-old woman comes to the physician because of increased blurring of vision in both eyes for the past 4 months. She has tried using over-the-counter reading glasses, but they have not helped. She has a history of hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Current medicatio... | Laser photocoagulation | {
"A": "Topical timolol therapy",
"B": "Laser photocoagulation",
"C": "Oral ganciclovir therapy",
"D": "Ocular massage"
} | step2&3 | B | [
"55 year old woman",
"physician",
"of increased blurring",
"vision",
"eyes",
"past",
"months",
"using over-the-counter reading glasses",
"not helped",
"history of hypertension",
"type 2 diabetes mellitus",
"chronic obstructive pulmonary disease",
"Current medications include lisinopril",
"... |
A 67-year-old man presents to his primary care physician because of a dry cough and shortness of breath for 2 months. He notes that recently he has had easy bruising of the skin without obvious trauma. He has a past history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and recently diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. Family his... | Small cell lung cancer | {
"A": "Small cell lung cancer",
"B": "Squamous cell carcinoma of the lung",
"C": "Large cell carcinoma of the lung",
"D": "Wegener granulomatosis"
} | step2&3 | A | [
"67 year old man presents",
"primary care physician",
"dry cough",
"shortness of breath",
"2 months",
"notes",
"recently",
"easy bruising",
"skin",
"trauma",
"past history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease",
"recently diagnosed",
"type 2",
"Family history",
"non contributory",
"... |
A 14-year-old girl is brought to the physician because she frequently experiences cramping and pain in her legs during school sports. She is at the 10th percentile for height. Her blood pressure is 155/90 mm Hg. Examination shows a high-arched palate with maloccluded teeth and a low posterior hairline. The patient has ... | Osteoporosis | {
"A": "Osteoporosis",
"B": "Severe acne",
"C": "Hyperphagia",
"D": "Alzheimer disease"
} | step1 | A | [
"year old girl",
"brought",
"physician",
"frequently experiences cramping",
"pain in",
"legs",
"school sports",
"percentile",
"height",
"blood pressure",
"90 mm Hg",
"Examination shows",
"high-arched palate",
"teeth",
"low posterior hairline",
"patient",
"broad chest",
"widely spac... |
A 2-month-old boy presents to the clinic with his mother for evaluation of crusty, greasy patches on the skin of the scalp that appeared 1 week ago. The mother states that the patient has been acting normally and is feeding well. She had a vaginal birth with no complications. On examination, the patient is smiling and ... | Seborrheic dermatitis | {
"A": "Seborrheic dermatitis",
"B": "Atopic dermatitis",
"C": "Impetigo",
"D": "Chickenpox"
} | step1 | A | [
"2 month old boy presents",
"clinic",
"mother",
"evaluation",
"crusty",
"greasy patches",
"skin of",
"scalp",
"appeared 1 week",
"mother states",
"patient",
"acting",
"feeding well",
"vaginal birth",
"complications",
"examination",
"patient",
"smiling",
"playful",
"mothers arms... |
A 28-year-old male presents to his primary care physician with complaints of intermittent abdominal pain and alternating bouts of constipation and diarrhea. His medical chart is not significant for any past medical problems or prior surgeries. He is not prescribed any current medications. Which of the following questio... | "Can you tell me more about the symptoms you have been experiencing?" | {
"A": "\"Is the diarrhea foul-smelling?\"",
"B": "\"Can you tell me more about the symptoms you have been experiencing?\"",
"C": "\"Does the diarrhea typically precede the constipation, or vice-versa?\"",
"D": "\"Are the symptoms worse in the morning or at night?\""
} | step1 | B | [
"year old male presents",
"primary care physician",
"complaints",
"intermittent abdominal pain",
"alternating bouts",
"constipation",
"diarrhea",
"medical chart",
"not significant",
"past medical problems",
"prior surgeries",
"not prescribed",
"current medications",
"following questions",
... |
A 74-year-old woman presents with severe and progressively worsening shortness of breath. She says that her breathing has been difficult for many years but now it is troubling her a lot. She reports a 50-pack-year smoking history and drinks at least 2 alcoholic beverages daily. On physical examination, the patient is l... | Increased oxygen diffusion into capillary | {
"A": "Better binding of oxygen to hemoglobin",
"B": "Decreases respiratory rate and work of breathing",
"C": "Free radical formation killing pathogens",
"D": "Increased oxygen diffusion into capillary"
} | step1 | D | [
"74 year old woman presents",
"severe",
"worsening shortness of breath",
"breathing",
"difficult",
"years",
"now",
"lot",
"reports",
"50 pack-year smoking history",
"drinks at least",
"alcoholic beverages daily",
"physical examination",
"patient",
"forward",
"breathing",
"pursed lips... |
A 14-month-old African American boy is brought to the emergency department because of fever, lethargy, and lack of appetite for 6 days. The patient’s mother says he fell off the changing table 10 days ago and landed on his left side, which she says has been tender since then. His vital signs include: temperature 38.0°C... | Hemoglobin electrophoresis | {
"A": "Peripheral blood smear",
"B": "Hemoglobin electrophoresis",
"C": "Full blood count",
"D": "Iron studies"
} | step2&3 | B | [
"month old African American boy",
"brought",
"emergency department",
"fever",
"lethargy",
"lack of appetite",
"6 days",
"patients mother",
"fell",
"changing table 10 days",
"landed",
"left side",
"tender",
"then",
"vital signs include",
"temperature",
"100 4F",
"blood pressure 85",... |
A pharmaceutical corporation has asked you to assist in the development of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) to evaluate the response of renal cell carcinoma to a novel chemotherapeutic agent. Despite all of the benefits that an RCT has to offer, which of the following would make an RCT unacceptable with regard to st... | The treatment has a known, adverse outcome | {
"A": "The treatment is not widespread in use",
"B": "The treatment does not represent the best known option",
"C": "The treatment has a known, adverse outcome",
"D": "The treatment is expensive"
} | step2&3 | C | [
"pharmaceutical corporation",
"to assist",
"development",
"randomized controlled trial",
"to evaluate",
"response",
"renal cell carcinoma",
"novel chemotherapeutic agent",
"benefits",
"RCT",
"to",
"following",
"make",
"RCT unacceptable",
"study design"
] |
A 55-year-old man, who was recently diagnosed with tuberculosis, presents to his primary care provider as part of his routine follow-up visit every month. He is currently in the initial phase of anti-tubercular therapy. His personal and medical histories are relevant for multiple trips to Southeast Asia as part of volu... | Inhibition of arabinosyltransferase | {
"A": "Inhibition of mycolic acid synthesis",
"B": "Induction of free radical metabolites",
"C": "Inhibition of protein synthesis by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit",
"D": "Inhibition of arabinosyltransferase"
} | step1 | D | [
"55 year old man",
"recently diagnosed",
"tuberculosis",
"presents",
"primary care provider",
"part of",
"routine follow-up visit",
"month",
"currently",
"initial phase",
"tubercular therapy",
"personal",
"medical histories",
"relevant",
"multiple trips",
"Southeast Asia",
"part of v... |
A 33-year-old G2P2 woman presents with a history of fatigue and difficulty breathing upon exertion. She was not able to tolerate antenatal vitamin supplements due to nausea and constipation. Her vital signs include: temperature 37.0°C (98.6°F), blood pressure 112/64 mm Hg, and pulse 98/min. Physical examination reveals... | Anisopoikilocytosis | {
"A": "Teardrop cells",
"B": "Degmacytes",
"C": "Anisopoikilocytosis",
"D": "Echinocytes"
} | step2&3 | C | [
"year old",
"woman presents",
"history",
"fatigue",
"difficulty breathing",
"exertion",
"not able to",
"antenatal vitamin supplements due to nausea",
"constipation",
"vital signs include",
"temperature",
"98",
"blood pressure",
"64 mm Hg",
"pulse 98 min",
"Physical examination reveals ... |
A 43-year-old man is brought to the emergency department because of severe epigastric pain and vomiting for 6 hours. The pain radiates to his back and he describes it as 9 out of 10 in intensity. He has had 3–4 episodes of vomiting during this period. He admits to consuming over 13 alcoholic beverages the previous nigh... | Hematocrit | {
"A": "Hematocrit",
"B": "Lipase",
"C": "Alkaline phosphatase",
"D": "Total bilirubin"
} | step2&3 | A | [
"year old man",
"brought",
"emergency department",
"severe epigastric",
"vomiting",
"hours",
"pain radiates",
"back",
"out",
"10",
"intensity",
"episodes of vomiting",
"period",
"admits",
"alcoholic beverages",
"previous night",
"personal",
"family history",
"serious illness",
... |
A 6-year-old boy is brought to the physician because of a 2-week history of fever and pain in his right thigh that is causing him to limp. The mother thinks he may have hurt himself during soccer practice. He has no history of rash or joint pain. His older sister has systemic lupus erythematosus. His immunizations are ... | Bone biopsy of the right femur | {
"A": "Nafcillin therapy",
"B": "Nuclear scan of the right upper leg",
"C": "Arthrocentesis",
"D": "Bone biopsy of the right femur"
} | step2&3 | D | [
"year old boy",
"brought",
"physician",
"2-week history",
"fever",
"pain in",
"right thigh",
"causing",
"limp",
"mother thinks",
"soccer practice",
"history",
"rash",
"joint pain",
"older sister",
"systemic lupus erythematosus",
"immunizations",
"date",
"patient",
"percentile",... |
A 28-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 2-month history of multiple right inframammary lumps. They are tender and have a foul-smelling odor. She has had previous episodes of painful swellings in the axillae 12 months ago that resolved with antibiotic therapy, leaving some scarring. She has Crohn disease... | Groin | {
"A": "Forehead",
"B": "Central face",
"C": "Groin",
"D": "Shin"
} | step2&3 | C | [
"year old woman",
"physician",
"2 month history",
"multiple right inframammary lumps",
"tender",
"foul smelling odor",
"previous episodes of painful swellings",
"axillae 12 months",
"resolved",
"antibiotic therapy",
"scarring",
"Crohn disease",
"Menses occur",
"irregular",
"40 day interv... |
A 62-year-old man comes to the physician because of an oozing skin ulceration on his foot for 1 week. He has a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus and does not adhere to his medication regimen. Physical exam shows purulent discharge from an ulcer on the dorsum of his left foot. Pinprick sensation is decreased bilateral... | Protein A | {
"A": "Protein A",
"B": "Exotoxin A",
"C": "IgA protease",
"D": "M protein"
} | step1 | A | [
"62 year old man",
"physician",
"of",
"skin ulceration",
"foot",
"1 week",
"history of type 2 diabetes mellitus",
"not adhere",
"medication regimen",
"Physical exam shows purulent discharge",
"ulcer",
"dorsum of",
"left foot",
"sensation",
"decreased",
"level",
"tibia",
"culture",
... |
A 62-year-old man comes to the physician for the evaluation of nocturia and a weak urinary stream. These symptoms began 1 year ago, but have progressively worsened over the past 6 months. He now wakes up 3–5 times every night to urinate. He has hypertension treated with hydrochlorothiazide and lisinopril. The patient h... | Transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy | {
"A": "Cystoscopy",
"B": "Repeat PSA level in one year",
"C": "Transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy",
"D": "CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis"
} | step2&3 | C | [
"62 year old man",
"physician",
"evaluation",
"nocturia",
"weak urinary stream",
"symptoms began 1 year",
"worsened",
"past 6 months",
"now wakes up 35 times",
"night to",
"hypertension treated with hydrochlorothiazide",
"lisinopril",
"patient",
"smoked",
"half pack",
"cigarettes daily... |
A 25-year-old G2P1001 at 32 weeks gestation presents to the hospital with painless vaginal bleeding. The patient states that she was taking care of laundry at home when she experienced a sudden sensation of her water breaking and saw that her groin was covered in blood. Her prenatal history is unremarkable according to... | Cesarean section | {
"A": "Betamethasone",
"B": "Cesarean section",
"C": "Lumbar epidural block",
"D": "Red blood cell transfusion"
} | step2&3 | B | [
"25 year old",
"32 weeks gestation presents",
"hospital",
"painless vaginal bleeding",
"patient states",
"taking care",
"laundry at home",
"experienced",
"sudden sensation",
"water breaking",
"saw",
"groin",
"covered",
"blood",
"prenatal history",
"unremarkable according",
"clinic re... |
A 75-year-old man presents to the emergency department because of pain in his left thigh and left calf for the past 3 months. The pain occurs at rest, worsens with walking, and is slightly improved by hanging his foot off the bed. He has had hypertension for 25 years and type 2 diabetes mellitus for 30 years. He has sm... | Critical limb ischemia | {
"A": "Critical limb ischemia",
"B": "Raynaud’s phenomenon",
"C": "Pseudogout",
"D": "Cellulitis"
} | step2&3 | A | [
"75 year old man presents",
"emergency department",
"of pain",
"left thigh",
"left calf",
"past 3 months",
"pain occurs",
"rest",
"worsens",
"walking",
"slightly improved",
"hanging",
"foot",
"bed",
"hypertension",
"years",
"type 2 diabetes mellitus",
"30 years",
"smoked",
"cig... |
A previously healthy 6-month-old girl is brought to the physician by her mother for occasional “eye crossing.” Her mother says that the symptoms have become worse, especially before bedtime. The patient was born via cesarean delivery at 37-weeks' gestation and has met all developmental milestones. The patient's immuniz... | Cyclopentolate eye drops on the left | {
"A": "Urgent surgery",
"B": "Patching of the right eye",
"C": "Measurement of intraocular pressure",
"D": "Cyclopentolate eye drops on the left"
} | step2&3 | D | [
"healthy",
"month old girl",
"brought",
"physician",
"mother",
"occasional eye crossing",
"mother",
"symptoms",
"worse",
"bedtime",
"patient",
"born",
"cesarean delivery",
"weeks",
"gestation",
"met",
"developmental milestones",
"patient's immunizations",
"date",
"50th percenti... |
A scientist is designing a study to determine whether eating a new diet is able to lower blood pressure in a group of patients. In particular, he believes that starting the diet may help decrease peak blood pressures throughout the day. Therefore, he will equip study participants with blood pressure monitors and follow... | Confounding | {
"A": "Confounding",
"B": "Hawthorne effect",
"C": "Pygmalion effect",
"D": "Recall bias"
} | step1 | A | [
"scientist",
"designing",
"study to",
"eating",
"new diet",
"able to lower blood pressure",
"group",
"patients",
"starting",
"diet",
"help decrease peak blood pressures",
"day",
"study participants",
"blood pressure monitors",
"follow pressure trends",
"hour period",
"subjects",
"s... |
A 65-year-old male with a history of COPD presents to the emergency department with dyspnea, productive cough, and a fever of 40.0°C (104.0°F) for the past 2 days. His respiratory rate is 20/min, blood pressure is 125/85 mm Hg, and heart rate is 95/min. A chest X-ray is obtained and shows a right lower lobe infiltrate.... | T cell-dependent B cell response | {
"A": "T cell-dependent B cell response",
"B": "Natural killer cell response",
"C": "Mast cell degranulation response",
"D": "No need to vaccinate, as the patient has already had a pneumonia vaccine"
} | step1 | A | [
"65-year-old male",
"history",
"COPD presents",
"emergency department",
"dyspnea",
"productive cough",
"fever",
"40",
"past 2 days",
"respiratory rate",
"20 min",
"blood pressure",
"85 mm Hg",
"heart rate",
"95 min",
"chest X-ray",
"obtained",
"shows",
"right lower lobe infiltrat... |
A 32-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 3-month history of fatigue and myalgia. Over the past month, she has had intermittent episodes of nausea. She has a history of intravenous drug use, but she has not used illicit drugs for the past five years. She has smoked one pack of cigarettes daily for 14 year... | PCR for viral RNA | {
"A": "Western blot for HIV",
"B": "PCR for viral RNA",
"C": "PCR for viral DNA",
"D": "Liver biopsy"
} | step2&3 | B | [
"year old woman",
"physician",
"3 month history",
"fatigue",
"myalgia",
"past month",
"intermittent episodes of nausea",
"history",
"intravenous drug use",
"not used illicit drugs",
"past five years",
"smoked one pack",
"cigarettes daily",
"years",
"drinks one alcoholic beverage daily",
... |
A 52-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 4-month history of fatigue, weakness, constipation, decreased appetite, and intermittent flank pain. He takes ibuprofen for knee and shoulder pain. Physical examination shows mild tenderness bilaterally in the costovertebral areas. His serum calcium concentration is... | 25-hydroxycholecalciferol → 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol | {
"A": "25-hydroxycholecalciferol → 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol",
"B": "Ergocalciferol → 25-hydroxyergocalciferol",
"C": "7-dehydrocholesterol → cholecalciferol",
"D": "25-hydroxycholecalciferol → 24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol"
} | step1 | A | [
"year old man",
"physician",
"4 month history",
"fatigue",
"weakness",
"constipation",
"decreased appetite",
"intermittent flank",
"takes ibuprofen",
"knee",
"shoulder pain",
"Physical examination shows mild tenderness",
"areas",
"serum concentration",
"mg/dL",
"phosphorus concentratio... |
A 23-year-old male is brought by police officers from a social gathering due combative behavior and altered mental status. The police say that phencyclidine was found on the premises. The patient is alone, and acquiring an accurate history proves difficult. However, you do learn that the patient is having visual halluc... | Antagonist of D2 receptors | {
"A": "Increases duration of chloride channel opening of GABA-A receptors",
"B": "Competitive opioid receptor antagonist",
"C": "Antagonist of D2 receptors",
"D": "Mu-opioid receptor partial agonist"
} | step2&3 | C | [
"23 year old male",
"brought",
"police officers",
"social gathering due combative behavior",
"altered mental status",
"police",
"phencyclidine",
"found",
"patient",
"alone",
"acquiring",
"accurate history",
"difficult",
"learn",
"patient",
"visual hallucinations",
"Vital signs show",... |
A 37-year-old man previously treated with monotherapy for latent tuberculosis develops new-onset cough, night sweats and fever. He produces a sputum sample that is positive for acid-fast bacilli. Resistance testing of his isolated bacteria finds a mutation in the DNA-dependent RNA polymerase. To which of the following ... | Rifampin | {
"A": "Ethambutol",
"B": "Rifampin",
"C": "Streptomycin",
"D": "Pyrazinamide"
} | step1 | B | [
"year old man",
"treated with",
"latent tuberculosis",
"new-onset cough",
"night sweats",
"fever",
"sputum sample",
"positive",
"acid-fast bacilli",
"Resistance testing",
"isolated bacteria finds",
"mutation",
"DNA-dependent RNA polymerase",
"following antibiotics",
"patient's infection"... |
A 4-year-old boy is brought to the physician because of non-fluent speech. His mother worries that his vocabulary is limited for his age and because he cannot use simple sentences to communicate. She says he enjoys playing with his peers and parents, but he has always lagged behind in his speaking and communication. Hi... | Audiology testing | {
"A": "Audiology testing",
"B": "Psychiatric evaluation",
"C": "Referral to speech therapist",
"D": "Thyroid-stimulating hormone"
} | step2&3 | A | [
"4 year old boy",
"brought",
"physician",
"non-fluent speech",
"mother worries",
"vocabulary",
"limited",
"age",
"use simple sentences",
"communicate",
"playing",
"peers",
"parents",
"always lagged",
"speaking",
"communication",
"speech",
"frequently not understood",
"strangers",... |
A 19-year-old recent ROTC male recruit presents to the university clinic with left foot pain. He reports that the pain started a week ago while running morning drills. The pain will improve with rest but will occur again during exercises or during long periods of standing. He denies any recent trauma. His medical histo... | Rest and ibuprofen | {
"A": "Casting",
"B": "MRI",
"C": "Rest and ibuprofen",
"D": "Splinting"
} | step2&3 | C | [
"year old recent",
"male",
"presents",
"university clinic",
"left",
"reports",
"pain started",
"week",
"running morning drills",
"pain",
"rest",
"occur",
"exercises",
"long periods",
"standing",
"denies",
"recent trauma",
"medical history",
"consistent",
"partial color",
"chr... |
A previously healthy 52-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 1-week history of productive cough, fevers, and malaise. She has smoked one pack of cigarettes daily for 35 years. Her temperature is 39°C (102.2°F). Diffuse inspiratory crackles are heard bilaterally. Her leukocyte count is 14,300/mm3. Sputum a... | Encapsulated, pleomorphic, gram-negative coccobacilli | {
"A": "Encapsulated, pleomorphic, gram-negative coccobacilli",
"B": "Anaerobic gram-positive, branching, filamentous bacilli",
"C": "Pseudohyphae with budding yeasts at 20°C",
"D": "Gram-positive, alpha-hemolytic, optochin-resistant cocci in chains"
} | step1 | A | [
"healthy",
"year old woman",
"physician",
"1-week history",
"productive cough",
"fevers",
"malaise",
"smoked one pack",
"cigarettes daily",
"35 years",
"temperature",
"Diffuse inspiratory crackles",
"heard",
"leukocyte count",
"300 mm3",
"Sputum analysis shows numerous polymorphonuclea... |
A 44-year-old man presents to the clinic worried about his risk for bladder cancer. His best friend who worked with him as a painter for the past 20-years died recently after being diagnosed with transitional cell carcinoma. He is worried that their long and heavy cigarette smoking history might have contributed to his... | Can decrease seizure threshold | {
"A": "Can decrease seizure threshold",
"B": "Can cause restlessness at initiation or termination",
"C": "Can worsen uncontrolled hypertension",
"D": "Can cause sedation and weight gain"
} | step1 | A | [
"year old man presents",
"clinic worried",
"risk",
"bladder cancer",
"best friend",
"worked",
"painter",
"past 20-years died recently",
"diagnosed",
"transitional cell carcinoma",
"worried",
"long",
"heavy cigarette",
"contributed",
"death",
"reports",
"feeling",
"friend's death",
... |
A 32-year-old woman who recently emigrated to the USA from Japan comes to the physician because of a 3-month history of night sweats, malaise, and joint pain. During this time, she has also had a 6-kg (13-lb) weight loss. Physical examination shows weak brachial and radial pulses. There are tender subcutaneous nodules ... | Granulomatous inflammation of the media | {
"A": "Fibrinoid necrosis of the intima and media",
"B": "Granulomatous inflammation of the media",
"C": "Subendothelial immune complex deposition",
"D": "Calcification of the media"
} | step1 | B | [
"year old woman",
"recently",
"USA",
"Japan",
"physician",
"3 month history",
"night sweats",
"malaise",
"joint pain",
"time",
"kg",
"weight loss",
"Physical examination shows weak brachial",
"radial pulses",
"tender subcutaneous nodules",
"legs",
"Carotid bruits",
"heard",
"ausc... |
A 35-year-old man comes to the physician for evaluation of a neck mass and hoarseness. He has no history of major medical illness. Physical examination shows a 2.5-cm fixed, irregular thyroid nodule. His serum calcitonin concentration is elevated. The nodule is most likely comprised of cells that are embryologically de... | Lateral endodermal anlage | {
"A": "Third branchial pouch",
"B": "Fourth branchial arch",
"C": "Lateral endodermal anlage",
"D": "Surface ectoderm"
} | step1 | C | [
"35 year old man",
"physician",
"evaluation of",
"neck mass",
"hoarseness",
"history of major medical illness",
"Physical shows",
"2.5",
"fixed",
"irregular thyroid nodule",
"serum calcitonin concentration",
"elevated",
"nodule",
"most likely comprised",
"cells",
"derived",
"followin... |
A 20-year-old man presents with a tremor involving his upper limbs for the past 3 weeks. He says his symptoms have been progressively worsening. Past medical history is significant for 2 episodes of undiagnosed jaundice over the last year. No significant family history. His temperature is 36.9°C (98.4°F), the pulse is ... | Myasthenia gravis | {
"A": "Constipation",
"B": "Weight gain",
"C": "Myasthenia gravis",
"D": "Sensorineural deafness"
} | step1 | C | [
"20 year old man presents",
"tremor involving",
"upper limbs",
"past",
"weeks",
"symptoms",
"worsening",
"Past medical history",
"significant",
"episodes of undiagnosed jaundice",
"last year",
"significant family history",
"temperature",
"36",
"98 4F",
"pulse",
"min",
"blood pressu... |
A biostatistician is processing data for a large clinical trial she is working on. The study is analyzing the use of a novel pharmaceutical compound for the treatment of anorexia after chemotherapy with the outcome of interest being the change in weight while taking the drug. While most participants remained about the ... | Mean > median > mode | {
"A": "Mean > median = mode",
"B": "Mean > median > mode",
"C": "Mean < median < mode",
"D": "Mean = median = mode"
} | step1 | B | [
"processing data",
"large clinical trial",
"working",
"study",
"use of",
"novel pharmaceutical compound",
"treatment",
"anorexia",
"chemotherapy",
"outcome",
"interest",
"change in weight",
"taking",
"drug",
"participants",
"same weight",
"continued to",
"weight",
"chemotherapy",... |
An investigator is studying the effects of drugs on the cardiac action potential. Cardiomyocytes are infused with a pharmacological agent and incubated for 5 minutes, after which the action potential is registered on a graph in real time for 2 minutes. The black line represents an action potential following the infusio... | Opening of voltage-gated sodium channels | {
"A": "Opening of voltage-gated calcium channels",
"B": "Closure of voltage-gated sodium channels",
"C": "Opening of voltage-gated sodium channels",
"D": "Closure of voltage-gated potassium channels"
} | step1 | C | [
"investigator",
"studying",
"effects of drugs",
"cardiac action potential",
"Cardiomyocytes",
"infused",
"pharmacological agent",
"incubated",
"5 minutes",
"action potential",
"registered",
"graph",
"real time",
"minutes",
"black line represents",
"action potential following",
"infus... |
A 23-year-old man presents to the emergency department with severe pain. The patient, who is a construction worker, was at work when he suddenly experienced severe pain in his arms, legs, chest, and back. He has experienced this before and was treated 2 months ago for a similar concern. His temperature is 100°F (37.8°C... | Microvascular occlusion | {
"A": "Autoimmune hemolysis",
"B": "Infarction of a major organ",
"C": "Infection of the bone",
"D": "Microvascular occlusion"
} | step2&3 | D | [
"23 year old man presents",
"emergency department",
"severe pain",
"patient",
"construction worker",
"work",
"experienced severe pain in",
"arms",
"legs",
"chest",
"back",
"experienced",
"before",
"treated 2 months",
"similar concern",
"temperature",
"blood pressure",
"68 mmHg",
... |
A 73-year-old man comes to the physician because of progressive fatigue and shortness of breath on exertion for 3 weeks. He has swelling of his legs. He has not had nausea or vomiting. His symptoms began shortly after he returned from a trip to Cambodia. He occasionally takes ibuprofen for chronic back pain. He has a h... | Rouleaux formation on peripheral smear | {
"A": "Rouleaux formation on peripheral smear",
"B": "Elevated anti-citrullinated peptide antibodies",
"C": "Positive interferon-γ release assay",
"D": "Dilated bronchi on chest CT\n\""
} | step2&3 | A | [
"year old man",
"physician",
"progressive fatigue",
"shortness of breath",
"exertion",
"weeks",
"swelling of",
"legs",
"not",
"nausea",
"vomiting",
"symptoms began",
"returned",
"trip",
"Cambodia",
"occasionally takes ibuprofen",
"chronic back pain",
"history of arterial hypertensi... |
An investigator is studying the effect of antihypertensive drugs on cardiac output and renal blood flow. For comparison, a healthy volunteer is given a placebo and a continuous infusion of para-aminohippuric acid (PAH) to achieve a plasma concentration of 0.02 mg/ml. His urinary flow rate is 1.5 ml/min and the urinary ... | 6 L/min | {
"A": "3 L/min",
"B": "6 L/min",
"C": "8 L/min",
"D": "1.2 L/min"
} | step1 | B | [
"investigator",
"studying",
"effect of antihypertensive drugs",
"cardiac output",
"renal blood flow",
"comparison",
"healthy volunteer",
"given",
"placebo",
"continuous infusion",
"para-aminohippuric acid",
"to",
"plasma concentration",
"0.02 mg/ml",
"urinary flow rate",
"1.5 ml/min",
... |
29-year-old construction worker is brought to the emergency department after falling 10 ft (3 m) from the scaffolding at a construction site. He reports that he landed on his outstretched arms, which are now in severe pain (10/10 on a numeric scale). He has a history of opioid use disorder and is currently on methadone... | Scheduled short-acting opioid administration | {
"A": "Urine toxicology screening",
"B": "Psychiatric evaluation for drug-seeking behavior",
"C": "Scheduled short-acting opioid administration",
"D": "Administration of buprenorphine\n\""
} | step2&3 | C | [
"29 year old construction worker",
"brought",
"emergency department",
"falling 10 ft",
"3 m",
"scaffolding",
"construction site",
"reports",
"landed",
"arms",
"now",
"severe pain",
"10",
"numeric scale",
"history of opioid use disorder",
"currently",
"methadone",
"pulse",
"100 mi... |
A 23-year-old woman presents to the emergency department with acute onset of shortness of breath, wheezing, and chest tightness. This is her 4th visit for these symptoms in the last 5 years. She tells you she recently ran out of her normal "controller" medication. Concerned for an asthma exacerbation, you begin therapy... | Gs protein coupled receptor activates adenylyl cyclase and increases intracellular cAMP | {
"A": "Gs protein coupled receptor activates adenylyl cyclase and increases intracellular cAMP",
"B": "Gs protein coupled receptor activates phospholipase C and increases intracellular calcium",
"C": "Gq protein coupled receptor activates phospholipase C and increases intracellular calcium",
"D": "Gq protein c... | step1 | A | [
"23 year old woman presents",
"emergency department",
"acute onset of shortness",
"breath",
"wheezing",
"chest tightness",
"4th visit",
"symptoms",
"last",
"years",
"recently ran out",
"normal",
"controller",
"medication",
"Concerned",
"asthma exacerbation",
"begin therapy",
"short... |
A 5-year-old boy is brought to the clinic by his mother for an annual check-up. The family recently moved from Nebraska and is hoping to establish care. The patient is home schooled and mom is concerned about her son’s development. He is only able to say 2 to 3 word sentences and has been “behind on his alphabet." He a... | CGG trinucleotide repeat expansion | {
"A": "CGG trinucleotide repeat expansion",
"B": "CTG trinucleotide repeat expansion",
"C": "Microdeletion of the short arm of chromosome 5",
"D": "Microdeletion of the long arm of chromosome 7"
} | step1 | A | [
"5 year old boy",
"brought",
"clinic",
"mother",
"annual check-up",
"family recently moved from Nebraska",
"hoping to establish care",
"patient",
"home schooled",
"mom",
"concerned",
"sons development",
"only able",
"3 word sentences",
"alphabet",
"always",
"to",
"to",
"patient",... |
A previously healthy 21-year-old woman is brought to the physician because of weight loss and fatigue. Over the past 12 months she has lost 10.5 kg (23.1 lb). She feels tired almost every day and says that she has to go running for 2 hours every morning to wake up. She had been a vegetarian for 2 years but decided to b... | Inpatient nutritional rehabilitation | {
"A": "Inpatient nutritional rehabilitation",
"B": "Food diary and outpatient follow-up",
"C": "Outpatient psychodynamic psychotherapy",
"D": "Hospitalization and fluoxetine therapy"
} | step2&3 | A | [
"healthy 21-year-old woman",
"brought",
"physician",
"weight loss",
"fatigue",
"past 12 months",
"lost 10.5 kg",
"23",
"feels tired almost every day",
"to go running",
"hours",
"morning",
"wake up",
"vegetarian",
"years",
"to",
"vegan",
"months",
"lives with",
"mother",
"obse... |
A 20-year-old man presents to the emergency department. The patient was brought in by his coach after he fainted during a competition. This is the second time this has happened since the patient joined the track team. The patient has a past medical history of multiple episodes of streptococcal pharyngitis which were no... | Decreased murmur in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy | {
"A": "Decreased murmur in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy",
"B": "Increased murmur in mitral stenosis",
"C": "Decreased murmur in mitral stenosis",
"D": "Increased murmur in aortic stenosis"
} | step2&3 | A | [
"20 year old man presents",
"emergency department",
"patient",
"brought",
"coach",
"fainted",
"competition",
"second time",
"happened",
"patient",
"track team",
"patient",
"past medical multiple episodes",
"streptococcal pharyngitis",
"not treated",
"youth",
"not currently",
"medic... |
A 2-year-old boy is brought to the physician by his parents for a well-child visit. During his last well-child visit 9 months ago, the patient had not begun talking. The parents report that their son frequently avoids eye contact and has no friends at daycare. He was born at term and has been healthy except for an epis... | CGG trinucleotide repeats on x-chromosome | {
"A": "An additional X chromosome",
"B": "CGG trinucleotide repeats on x-chromosome",
"C": "Defective phenylalanine hydroxlyase activity",
"D": "Three copies of the same chromosome"
} | step2&3 | B | [
"2 year old boy",
"brought",
"physician",
"parents",
"well-child visit",
"last well-child visit",
"months",
"patient",
"not begun talking",
"parents report",
"son frequently",
"eye contact",
"friends",
"daycare",
"born",
"term",
"healthy",
"episode of otitis media",
"months",
"... |
A 37-year-old G1P0 woman presents to her primary care physician for a routine checkup. She has a history of diabetes and hypertension but has otherwise been healthy with no change in her health status since the last visit. She is expecting her first child 8 weeks from now. She also enrolled in a study about pregnancy w... | Living at high altitude | {
"A": "Anxiety attack",
"B": "Diarrheal disease",
"C": "Living at high altitude",
"D": "Loop diuretic abuse"
} | step1 | C | [
"year old",
"woman presents",
"primary care physician",
"routine checkup",
"history",
"diabetes",
"hypertension",
"healthy",
"change",
"health status",
"last visit",
"first child",
"weeks",
"now",
"enrolled",
"study",
"pregnancy",
"serial metabolic panels",
"arterial blood gases"... |
A 29-year-old woman is recovering on the obstetrics floor after vaginal delivery of 8 pound twin boys born at 42 weeks gestation. The patient is very fatigued but states that she is doing well. Currently she is complaining that her vagina hurts. The next morning, the patient experiences chills and a light red voluminou... | Supportive therapy only | {
"A": "Vancomycin and clindamycin",
"B": "Clindamycin and gentamicin",
"C": "Cefoxitin and doxycycline",
"D": "Supportive therapy only"
} | step2&3 | D | [
"29 year old woman",
"recovering",
"obstetrics floor",
"vaginal delivery",
"pound twin boys born",
"weeks gestation",
"patient",
"very fatigued",
"states",
"well",
"Currently",
"vagina",
"next morning",
"patient experiences chills",
"light red",
"discharge",
"vagina",
"states",
"... |
A 57-year-old man is brought to the physician for worsening mental status over the past 2 months. His wife reports he was initially experiencing lapses in memory and over the past 3 weeks he has begun having difficulties performing activities of daily living. Yesterday, he became lost heading to the post office down th... | Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease | {
"A": "Alzheimer's disease",
"B": "Huntington's disease",
"C": "Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease",
"D": "Normal pressure hydrocephalus"
} | step2&3 | C | [
"57 year old man",
"brought",
"physician",
"worsening mental status",
"past",
"months",
"wife reports",
"initially experiencing lapses",
"memory",
"past",
"weeks",
"begun",
"difficulties performing activities of daily living",
"lost",
"post office",
"street",
"hypertension treated wi... |
A 51-year-old Indian man visits his physician because of blisters that have appeared on both hands over the past 2 months. The patient states that he works outdoors on freeways and highways, re-paving cracked or otherwise damaged roads. Three months ago, he was working with his crew and felt a sharp pain in his thighs ... | Check the patient’s urine uroporphyrin level | {
"A": "Consider removing gluten from this patient’s diet",
"B": "Perform a stool guaiac test",
"C": "Check the patient’s urine uroporphyrin level",
"D": "Check the patient’s antinuclear antibody levels and renal panel"
} | step2&3 | C | [
"year old Indian man visits",
"physician",
"blisters",
"appeared",
"hands",
"past",
"months",
"patient states",
"works outdoors",
"freeways",
"highways",
"re paving cracked",
"damaged roads",
"Three months",
"working",
"felt",
"sharp pain in",
"thighs",
"lower back",
"assumed",... |
A 32-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 1-month history of intermittent tingling of his hand. He is an avid cyclist and has recently started training for a cycle marathon. Physical examination shows decreased grip strength in the right hand and wasting of the hypothenar eminence. On asking the patient to ... | Inability to extend the little finger at the proximal interphalangeal joints | {
"A": "Inability to flex the index finger at the interphalangeal joints",
"B": "Loss of sensation over the dorsum of the medial half of the hand",
"C": "Loss of sensation over the palmar aspect of the middle finger",
"D": "Inability to extend the little finger at the proximal interphalangeal joints"
} | step1 | D | [
"year old man",
"physician",
"month history",
"intermittent tingling",
"hand",
"avid",
"recently started training",
"cycle marathon",
"Physical examination shows decreased grip strength",
"right hand",
"wasting",
"hypothenar eminence",
"patient to grasp",
"piece",
"paper",
"right thumb... |
A 40-year-old man presents to the office complaining of chills, fever, and productive cough for the past 24 hours. He has a history of smoking since he was 18 years old. His vitals are: heart rate of 85/min, respiratory rate of 20/min, temperature 39.0°C (102.2°F), blood pressure 110/70 mm Hg. On physical examination, ... | Streptococcus pneumoniae | {
"A": "Streptococcus pneumoniae",
"B": "Legionella pneumophila",
"C": "Haemophilus influenzae",
"D": "Mycoplasma pneumoniae"
} | step1 | A | [
"40 year old man presents",
"office",
"chills",
"fever",
"productive cough",
"past 24 hours",
"history of smoking",
"years old",
"heart rate",
"85 min",
"respiratory rate",
"20 min",
"temperature",
"blood pressure",
"70 mm Hg",
"physical examination",
"dullness",
"percussion",
"u... |
A 65-year-old male with a history of coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction status post coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery presents to his cardiologist for a routine appointment. On physical exam, the cardiologist appreciates a holosystolic, high-pitched blowing murmur heard loudest at the apex and ... | Presence of audible S3 | {
"A": "Enhancement with expiration",
"B": "Presence of audible S3",
"C": "Enhancement with inspiration",
"D": "Presence of audible S4"
} | step1 | B | [
"65-year-old male",
"history of coronary artery disease",
"myocardial infarction status post coronary artery bypass graft",
"surgery presents",
"cardiologist",
"routine appointment",
"physical exam",
"cardiologist",
"high-pitched blowing murmur heard loudest",
"apex",
"radiating",
"axilla",
... |
A 72-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department because of lethargy and weakness for the past 5 days. During this period, she has had a headache that worsens when she leans forward or lies down. Her arms and face have appeared swollen over the past 2 weeks. She has a history of hypertension and invasive duct... | Lung cancer | {
"A": "Pulmonary tuberculosis",
"B": "Constrictive pericarditis",
"C": "Lung cancer",
"D": "Nephrotic syndrome\n\""
} | step2&3 | C | [
"72 year old woman",
"brought",
"emergency department",
"lethargy",
"weakness",
"past 5 days",
"period",
"headache",
"worsens",
"forward",
"arms",
"face",
"appeared swollen",
"past 2 weeks",
"history of hypertension",
"invasive ductal carcinoma of the left breast",
"radical amputatio... |
A 50-year-old man presents to his primary care provider complaining of double vision and trouble seeing out of his right eye. His vision started worsening about 2 months ago and has slowly gotten worse. It is now severely affecting his quality of life. Past medical history is significant for poorly controlled hypertens... | The unopposed superior oblique muscle rotates the eye downward. | {
"A": "The parasympathetic nerve fibers of this patient’s eye are activated.",
"B": "The unopposed superior oblique muscle rotates the eye downward.",
"C": "The unopposed inferior oblique muscle rotates the eye downward.",
"D": "The sympathetic nerve fibers of this patient’s eye are inhibited."
} | step1 | B | [
"50 year old man presents",
"primary care provider",
"double vision",
"seeing out",
"right",
"vision started worsening",
"months",
"slowly gotten worse",
"now severely affecting",
"quality of life",
"Past medical history",
"significant",
"poorly controlled hypertension",
"hyperlipidemia",
... |
A 45-year-old woman presents to her primary care physician for abdominal pain. Her pain began approximately 1 week prior to presentation and is located in the epigastric region. She has noticed that the pain worsens with eating and improves when she is not eating. Medical history is significant for rheumatoid arthritis... | Dexlansoprazole | {
"A": "Aluminum hydroxide",
"B": "Dexlansoprazole",
"C": "Nizatidine",
"D": "Sucralfate"
} | step1 | B | [
"year old woman presents",
"primary care physician",
"abdominal pain",
"pain began approximately 1 week prior to presentation",
"epigastric region",
"pain worsens",
"eating",
"improves",
"not eating",
"Medical history",
"significant",
"rheumatoid arthritis",
"treated with methotrexate",
"i... |
A 68-year-old female presents to your office for her annual check-up. Her vitals are HR 85, T 98.8 F, RR 16, BP 125/70. She has a history of smoking 1 pack a day for 35 years, but states she quit five years ago. She had her last pap smear at age 64 and states all of her pap smears have been normal. She had her last col... | Chest CT scan | {
"A": "Abdominal ultrasound",
"B": "Chest CT scan",
"C": "Pap smear",
"D": "Chest radiograph"
} | step2&3 | B | [
"68 year old female presents",
"office",
"annual check-up",
"85",
"T 98",
"F",
"RR",
"BP",
"70",
"history of smoking",
"pack",
"day",
"35 years",
"states",
"quit five years",
"last pap smear",
"age 64",
"states",
"pap smears",
"normal",
"last colonoscopy",
"age 62",
"norm... |
A 65-year-old woman presents to her primary care provider for shoulder pain. She reports that she initially thought the pain was due to "sleeping funny" on the arm, but that the pain has now lasted for 4 weeks. She denies trauma to the joint and says that the pain is worse when reaching overhead to retrieve things from... | Rotator cuff tendinopathy | {
"A": "Adhesive capsulitis",
"B": "Biceps tendinopathy",
"C": "Glenohumeral osteoarthritis",
"D": "Rotator cuff tendinopathy"
} | step2&3 | D | [
"65 year old woman presents",
"primary care provider",
"shoulder pain",
"reports",
"initially thought",
"pain",
"due to",
"sleeping",
"arm",
"pain",
"now lasted",
"weeks",
"denies trauma",
"joint",
"pain",
"worse",
"reaching",
"to",
"things",
"kitchen cabinets",
"physical exa... |
A 57-year-old presents to your clinic complaining of baldness. He is overweight, has been diagnosed with BPH, and is currently taking atorvastatin for hyperlipidemia. The patient has tried several over-the-counter products for hair-loss; however, none have been effective. After discussing several options, the patient i... | DHT | {
"A": "GnRH",
"B": "DHT",
"C": "LH",
"D": "Testosterone"
} | step1 | B | [
"57 year old presents",
"clinic",
"baldness",
"overweight",
"diagnosed",
"BPH",
"currently taking atorvastatin",
"hyperlipidemia",
"patient",
"over-the-counter products",
"hair-loss",
"effective",
"discussing several options",
"patient",
"prescribed",
"medication to treat",
"baldness... |
A 26-year-old woman comes to the emergency department because of a 3-day history of nausea and vomiting. Her last menstrual period was 9 weeks ago. A urine pregnancy test is positive. Ultrasonography shows an intrauterine pregnancy consistent in size with a 7-week gestation. The hormone that was measured in this patien... | Maintenance of the corpus luteum | {
"A": "Maintenance of the corpus luteum",
"B": "Inhibition of ovulation",
"C": "Development of breast tissue",
"D": "Inhibition of preterm uterine contractions"
} | step1 | A | [
"year old woman",
"emergency department",
"3-day history",
"nausea",
"vomiting",
"last menstrual period",
"weeks",
"urine pregnancy test",
"positive",
"Ultrasonography shows",
"intrauterine pregnancy consistent",
"size",
"week gestation",
"hormone",
"measured",
"patient's urine to dete... |
A 54-year-old man is brought by his family to the emergency department because of severe pain and weakness in his right leg. His symptoms have been gradually worsening over the past 5 weeks, but he did not seek medical care until today. He has a history of lower back pain and has no surgical history. He denies tobacco ... | Compression of the cauda equina | {
"A": "Compression of the cauda equina",
"B": "Compression of the conus medullaris",
"C": "Focal demyelination of the spinal cord",
"D": "Sacroiliitis and enthesitis"
} | step2&3 | A | [
"54 year old man",
"brought",
"family",
"emergency department",
"severe pain",
"weakness",
"right",
"symptoms",
"worsening",
"past",
"weeks",
"not",
"medical care",
"today",
"history of lower back pain",
"surgical history",
"denies tobacco",
"alcohol use",
"temperature",
"98",
... |
An 8-year-old boy presents to his pediatrician for a well visit. His parents state that he has been doing well in school and has many friends. The patient is a member of the chess club and enjoys playing video games. He has a past medical history of asthma which is treated with albuterol. The patient is in the 99th per... | Precocious puberty | {
"A": "Constitutional growth delay",
"B": "Hypertension",
"C": "Precocious puberty",
"D": "Slipped capital femoral epiphysis"
} | step2&3 | C | [
"year old boy presents",
"pediatrician",
"well visit",
"parents state",
"well",
"school",
"friends",
"patient",
"member",
"chess club",
"playing video games",
"past medical",
"treated with albuterol",
"patient",
"99th percentile",
"weight",
"percentile",
"height",
"temperature",
... |
A 49-year-old woman presents to the family medicine clinic with concerns about her weight. She has been constantly gaining weight for a decade now as she has not been able to control her diet. She has tried exercising but says that she is too lazy for this method of weight loss to work. Her temperature is 37° C (98.6° ... | Metformin | {
"A": "Dietary modification alone",
"B": "Metformin",
"C": "Glipizide",
"D": "Sitagliptin"
} | step2&3 | B | [
"year old woman presents",
"family medicine clinic",
"concerns",
"weight",
"constantly gaining weight",
"decade now",
"not",
"able to control",
"diet",
"exercising",
"lazy",
"method of weight loss to work",
"temperature",
"98",
"F",
"respirations",
"min",
"pulse",
"67 min",
"bl... |
A 2-year-old girl who emigrated from Pakistan 2 weeks ago is brought to the emergency department because of lower limb weakness for one-day. One week ago, she had a 3-day episode of flu-like symptoms that resolved without treatment. She has not yet received any routine childhood vaccinations. Deep tendon reflexes are 1... | Poliomyelitis | {
"A": "Poliomyelitis",
"B": "HSV encephalitis",
"C": "Tetanus",
"D": "Guillain-Barre syndrome\n\""
} | step1 | A | [
"2 year old girl",
"Pakistan 2 weeks",
"brought",
"emergency department",
"of lower limb weakness",
"one",
"week",
"3-day episode of flu-like symptoms",
"resolved",
"treatment",
"not",
"received",
"routine childhood vaccinations",
"Deep tendon reflexes",
"1",
"right lower extremity",
... |
A previously healthy 50-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department 30 minutes after she was observed having a seizure. On arrival, she is conscious and reports that she feels drowsy. An MRI of the brain shows a 4-cm, round, sharply demarcated mass. She undergoes resection of the mass. A photomicrograph of a ... | Arachnoid cells | {
"A": "Astrocytes",
"B": "Schwann cells",
"C": "Arachnoid cells",
"D": "Oligodendrocytes"
} | step1 | C | [
"healthy 50 year old woman",
"brought",
"emergency department 30 minutes",
"observed",
"seizure",
"arrival",
"conscious",
"reports",
"feels drowsy",
"MRI of",
"brain shows",
"4",
"round",
"mass",
"resection",
"mass",
"photomicrograph",
"section",
"resected specimen",
"shown",
... |
A 33-year-old man with a history of IV drug and alcohol abuse presents to the emergency department with back pain. He states that his symptoms started 3 days ago and have been gradually worsening. His temperature is 102°F (38.9°C), blood pressure is 127/68 mmHg, pulse is 120/min, respirations are 17/min, and oxygen sat... | Osteomyelitis | {
"A": "Degenerative spine disease",
"B": "Herniated nucleus pulposus",
"C": "Musculoskeletal strain",
"D": "Osteomyelitis"
} | step2&3 | D | [
"year old man",
"history",
"IV drug",
"alcohol abuse presents",
"emergency department",
"back pain",
"states",
"symptoms started 3 days",
"worsening",
"temperature",
"blood pressure",
"68 mmHg",
"pulse",
"min",
"respirations",
"min",
"oxygen saturation",
"98",
"room air",
"Phys... |
A 33-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department 15 minutes after being stabbed in the chest with a screwdriver. Her pulse is 110/min, respirations are 22/min, and blood pressure is 90/65 mm Hg. Examination shows a 5-cm deep stab wound at the upper border of the 8th rib in the left midaxillary line. Which of ... | Lower lung lobe | {
"A": "Intercostal nerve",
"B": "Spleen",
"C": "Lower lung lobe",
"D": "Left ventricle"
} | step1 | C | [
"year old woman",
"brought",
"emergency department 15 minutes",
"stabbed",
"chest",
"screwdriver",
"pulse",
"min",
"respirations",
"min",
"blood pressure",
"90 65 mm Hg",
"Examination shows",
"5",
"deep stab wound",
"upper border of",
"rib",
"left midaxillary line",
"following st... |
A 12-day-old male newborn is brought to the emergency department because of a high-grade fever for 3 days. He has been lethargic and not feeding well during this period. He cries incessantly while passing urine. There is no family history of serious illness. He was delivered at 37 weeks' gestation and pregnancy was com... | Ablation of urethral valves
" | {
"A": "Urethral diverticulectomy",
"B": "Endoscopic dextranomer gel injection",
"C": "Vesicostomy",
"D": "Ablation of urethral valves\n\""
} | step2&3 | D | [
"day old male newborn",
"brought",
"emergency department",
"of",
"high grade fever",
"3 days",
"lethargic",
"not feeding well",
"period",
"cries",
"passing urine",
"family history",
"serious illness",
"delivered",
"weeks",
"gestation",
"pregnancy",
"complicated",
"mild oligohydra... |
An 8-year-old boy is brought in by his mother who is concerned about her child’s behavior. She says his teachers have complained about him bullying other students at school, starting fights, and stealing other children’s lunch money. She also says that a neighbor down the street called her 6 months ago and reported tha... | Antisocial personality disorder | {
"A": "Avoidant personality disorder",
"B": "Paranoid personality disorder",
"C": "Antisocial personality disorder",
"D": "Schizoid personality disorder"
} | step2&3 | C | [
"year old boy",
"brought",
"mother",
"concerned",
"childs behavior",
"teachers",
"bullying",
"students",
"school",
"starting fights",
"stealing",
"lunch money",
"neighbor",
"street called",
"months",
"reported",
"patient",
"entered",
"yard",
"started",
"kicking",
"dog",
"... |
A 4-day-old newborn is presented to the physician because of a generalized rash for the past day. He was born at term. The mother had no prenatal care and has a history of gonorrhea, which was treated 4 years ago. The newborn is at the 50th percentile for head circumference, 60th percentile for length, and 55th percent... | Erythema toxicum | {
"A": "Acropustulosis",
"B": "Congenital syphilis",
"C": "Erythema toxicum",
"D": "Pustular melanosis"
} | step2&3 | C | [
"4 day old newborn",
"presented",
"physician",
"of",
"generalized rash",
"past day",
"born",
"term",
"mother",
"prenatal care",
"history",
"gonorrhea",
"treated 4 years",
"newborn",
"50th percentile",
"head circumference",
"percentile",
"length",
"percentile",
"weight",
"vita... |
A 38-year-old woman presents to her primary care physician concerned about her inability to get pregnant for the past year. She has regular menstrual cycles and has unprotected intercourse with her husband daily. She is an immigrant from Australia and her past medical history is not known. She is currently taking folic... | Perform hysterosalpingogram | {
"A": "Advise against pregnancy given the patient's age",
"B": "Assess ovulation with an ovulation calendar",
"C": "Continue regular intercourse for 1 year",
"D": "Perform hysterosalpingogram"
} | step2&3 | D | [
"year old woman presents",
"primary care physician concerned",
"to",
"pregnant",
"past year",
"regular menstrual cycles",
"unprotected intercourse",
"husband daily",
"immigrant",
"Australia",
"past medical history",
"not known",
"currently taking folic acid",
"multivitamins",
"patient's ... |
A 60-year-old female sought a routine consultation in your clinic. She is diabetic and hypertensive. She had a history of myocardial infarction 2 years ago and is maintained on anticoagulants. When changing anticoagulants from heparin to warfarin, warfarin therapy is usually continued with heparin for the first 1–2 day... | To compensate for the initial prothrombotic property of warfarin | {
"A": "To achieve supraoptimal anticoagulation during critical periods of illness because warfarin and heparin have synergistic effects",
"B": "To prevent bleeding because heparin partially counteracts the warfarin hemorrhagic property",
"C": "Heparin decreases the clearance of warfarin, thus achieving a greater... | step1 | D | [
"60 year old female",
"routine consultation",
"clinic",
"diabetic",
"hypertensive",
"history of myocardial infarction",
"years",
"maintained",
"anticoagulants",
"changing anticoagulants",
"heparin",
"warfarin",
"warfarin therapy",
"usually continued",
"heparin",
"first",
"days",
"r... |
A 71-year-old man presents to his primary care physician with complaints of fatigue, weight loss, and early satiety for 3 weeks. Before this, he felt well overall. He is a former smoker, but otherwise has no past medical history. On examination, the patient appears fatigued and thin; his stool is guaiac positive. He is... | CT abdomen/pelvis | {
"A": "CT abdomen/pelvis",
"B": "PET-CT",
"C": "MRI abdomen/pelvis",
"D": "Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)"
} | step2&3 | A | [
"71 year old man presents",
"primary care physician",
"complaints",
"fatigue",
"weight loss",
"early satiety",
"weeks",
"felt well overall",
"former smoker",
"past medical history",
"examination",
"patient appears fatigued",
"thin",
"stool",
"guaiac positive",
"referred",
"gastroente... |
A 56-year-old male with a history of hypertension, asthma, intravenous drug use, and recent incarceration 2 months ago presents to your office with an erythematous, itchy rash on his arms and chest. He does not recall exactly when the rash first started but he believes it was several days ago. Review of symptoms is not... | Malignant carcinoid syndrome | {
"A": "Increased tryptophan",
"B": "Thiamine deficiency",
"C": "Homocystinuria",
"D": "Malignant carcinoid syndrome"
} | step1 | D | [
"year old male",
"history of hypertension",
"asthma",
"intravenous drug use",
"recent incarceration",
"months",
"presents",
"office",
"erythematous",
"itchy",
"arms",
"chest",
"not recall",
"rash first started",
"several",
"Review",
"symptoms",
"notable",
"cough",
"runny nose",... |
A 37-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 2-week history of generalized fatigue and malaise. During this period, she has had a non-productive cough with a low-grade fever. Over the past 6 months, she has had a 13-kg (28.6-lb) weight loss and intermittent episodes of watery diarrhea. She has generalized an... | Intravenous clindamycin and oral primaquine | {
"A": "Intravenous fluconazole",
"B": "Intravenous clindamycin and oral primaquine",
"C": "Intravenous trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole",
"D": "Intravenous trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and oral prednisone"
} | step2&3 | B | [
"year old woman",
"physician",
"2-week history",
"generalized fatigue",
"malaise",
"period",
"non-productive cough",
"low-grade fever",
"past 6 months",
"kg",
"28.6",
"weight loss",
"intermittent episodes of watery diarrhea",
"generalized anxiety disorder",
"hypothyroidism",
"severe al... |
A mother brings her 4-year-old boy to the physician, as the boy has a 7-day history of foul-smelling diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and fever. The mother adds that he has been vomiting as well, and she is very much worried. The child is in daycare, and the mother endorses sick contacts with both family and friends. The bo... | Rotavirus infection | {
"A": "Cryptosporidiosis",
"B": "Irritable bowel syndrome",
"C": "Norovirus infection",
"D": "Rotavirus infection"
} | step2&3 | D | [
"mother",
"4 year old boy",
"physician",
"boy",
"7 history",
"smelling diarrhea",
"abdominal cramps",
"fever",
"mother adds",
"vomiting",
"well",
"very much worried",
"child",
"daycare",
"mother",
"sick contacts with",
"family",
"friends",
"boy",
"not",
"vaccinated",
"paren... |
An 18-year-old man is known to be allergic to peanuts, and he mistakenly eats biscuits containing some traces of peanuts. Within 15 minutes, he develops generalized redness of the skin and urticaria, associated with shortness of breath and diffuse wheezing. His blood pressure is 80/55 mm Hg and heart rate is 124/min. H... | Immediate hypersensitivity | {
"A": "Immediate hypersensitivity",
"B": "Type II hypersensitivity",
"C": "Serum sickness",
"D": "Contact dermatitis"
} | step1 | A | [
"year old man",
"known to",
"allergic",
"peanuts",
"eats biscuits containing",
"traces",
"peanuts",
"15 minutes",
"generalized redness of",
"skin",
"urticaria",
"associated with shortness of breath",
"diffuse wheezing",
"blood pressure",
"80 55 mm Hg",
"heart rate",
"min",
"given i... |
A 58-year-old man comes to the physician for a 3-month history of progressive shortness of breath on exertion and tiredness throughout the day. His wife reports that he snores at night and that he sometimes chokes in his sleep. He has a history of hypertension treated with enalapril. His blood pressure is 149/96 mmHg. ... | Chronic hypoxia | {
"A": "Coronary artery disease",
"B": "Chronic hypoxia",
"C": "Alveolar destruction",
"D": "Hypertensive nephropathy\n\""
} | step1 | B | [
"58 year old man",
"physician",
"3 month history of progressive shortness",
"breath",
"exertion",
"tiredness",
"day",
"wife reports",
"snores",
"night",
"sometimes chokes",
"sleep",
"history of hypertension treated with enalapril",
"blood pressure",
"96 mmHg",
"jugular venous distentio... |
A student is experimenting with the effects of nitric oxide in the body. He used a variety of amino acid isolates and measured the resulting nitric oxide levels and the physiological effects on the body. The amino acids function as substrates for nitric oxide synthase. After supplement administration, blood vessels dil... | Arginine | {
"A": "Histidine",
"B": "Arginine",
"C": "Leucine",
"D": "Tyrosine"
} | step1 | B | [
"student",
"experimenting",
"effects",
"nitric oxide",
"body",
"used",
"variety",
"amino acid isolates",
"measured",
"resulting nitric oxide levels",
"physiological effects",
"body",
"amino acids function",
"substrates",
"nitric oxide synthase",
"supplement administration",
"blood ve... |
A 21-year-old college student comes to the physician because of left knee pain. The pain started when he fell off his bike one year ago; since then he has had intermittent stabbing pain and tingling in his knee. The patient says that the pain is caused by a device that was implanted by the US government to control his ... | Quetiapine | {
"A": "Quetiapine",
"B": "Clonidine",
"C": "Lithium carbonate",
"D": "Valproic acid"
} | step2&3 | A | [
"21-year-old college student",
"physician",
"left",
"pain started",
"fell",
"bike one year ago",
"since then",
"intermittent stabbing",
"tingling",
"knee",
"patient",
"pain",
"caused",
"device",
"implanted",
"government to control",
"thoughts",
"actions",
"time",
"not",
"to",... |
A 55-year-old homeless man is presented to the emergency department by a group of volunteers after they found him coughing up blood during 1 of the beneficiary dinners they offer every week. His medical history is unknown as he recently immigrated from Bangladesh. He says that he has been coughing constantly for the pa... | Th1 lymphocytes | {
"A": "Th1 lymphocytes",
"B": "B lymphocytes",
"C": "Epithelioid cells",
"D": "Th2 lymphocytes"
} | step1 | A | [
"55 year old homeless man",
"presented",
"emergency department",
"group",
"volunteers",
"found",
"coughing up blood",
"1",
"beneficiary dinners",
"week",
"medical history",
"unknown",
"recently",
"Bangladesh",
"coughing constantly",
"past 3 months",
"occasional blood",
"sputum",
... |
A G1P0 34-year-old woman presents to the clinic complaining of difficulty breathing and coughing up blood for 2 days. Past medical history is significant for molar pregnancy 6 months ago. The patient was lost to follow up as she was abruptly laid off and had to stay at a homeless shelter for the past few months. She en... | Malignant proliferation of trophoblastic tissue | {
"A": "Acute infection with campylobacter jejuni",
"B": "Excessive production of thyroid hormone",
"C": "Infectious process by mycobacterium tuberculosis",
"D": "Malignant proliferation of trophoblastic tissue"
} | step1 | D | [
"year old woman presents",
"clinic",
"difficulty breathing",
"coughing up blood",
"2 days",
"Past medical history",
"significant",
"molar pregnancy 6 months",
"patient",
"lost to follow up",
"to",
"homeless shelter",
"past",
"months",
"nausea",
"vomiting",
"abdominal discomfort",
"... |
A homeless woman presents with shortness of breath on exertion and pedal edema. Cardiac workup performed shows evidence of dilated cardiomyopathy and increased cardiac output. She also has decreased sensation over both extremities bilaterally. Which vitamin deficiency most likely caused these symptoms? | Vitamin B1 | {
"A": "Vitamin C",
"B": "Vitamin B1",
"C": "Vitamin B6",
"D": "Vitamin A"
} | step1 | B | [
"homeless woman presents",
"shortness of breath",
"exertion",
"pedal edema",
"Cardiac workup performed shows evidence",
"dilated cardiomyopathy",
"increased cardiac output",
"decreased sensation",
"extremities",
"vitamin deficiency",
"likely caused",
"symptoms"
] |
A 67-year-old man presents to the emergency department with increased fatigue. He states that he has been feeling very tired lately but today lost consciousness while walking up the stairs. He report mild abdominal distension/discomfort, weight loss, a persistent cough, and multiple episodes of waking up drenched in sw... | Chronic myeloid leukemia | {
"A": "Acute lymphoblastic leukemia",
"B": "Acute myelogenous leukemia",
"C": "Chronic myeloid leukemia",
"D": "Tuberculosis"
} | step2&3 | C | [
"67 year old man presents",
"emergency department",
"increased fatigue",
"states",
"feeling very tired",
"today lost consciousness",
"walking",
"stairs",
"report mild abdominal discomfort",
"weight loss",
"persistent cough",
"multiple episodes of waking",
"sweat",
"middle",
"night",
"p... |
A 71-year-old man with colon cancer presents to his oncologist because he has been experiencing photosensitivity with his current chemotherapeutic regimen. During the conversation, they decide that his symptoms are most likely a side effect of the 5-fluorouracil he is currently taking and decide to replace it with anot... | Cardiac myocytes | {
"A": "Cardiac myocytes",
"B": "Enterocytes",
"C": "Hair follicle cells",
"D": "Liver hepatocytes"
} | step1 | A | [
"71 year old man",
"colon cancer presents",
"oncologist",
"experiencing photosensitivity",
"current chemotherapeutic regimen",
"conversation",
"symptoms",
"most likely",
"side effect",
"fluorouracil",
"currently",
"to replace",
"agent",
"patient",
"curious",
"organs appear to",
"resi... |
A 25-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 2-week history of episodic bleeding from the nose and gums and one episode of blood in her urine. She was treated with chloramphenicol 1 month ago for Rickettsia rickettsii infection. Her pulse is 130/min, respirations are 22/min, and blood pressure is 105/70 mm H... | Leukoreduction | {
"A": "Leukoreduction",
"B": "Warming",
"C": "Washing",
"D": "Irradiation"
} | step1 | A | [
"year old woman",
"physician",
"2-week history",
"episodic bleeding",
"nose",
"gums",
"one episode of blood",
"urine",
"treated with chloramphenicol 1 month",
"Rickettsia rickettsii infection",
"pulse",
"min",
"respirations",
"min",
"blood pressure",
"70 mm Hg",
"Examination shows mu... |
A 3-week-old boy has non-bilious projectile vomiting that occurred after feeding. After vomiting, the infant is still hungry. The infant appears dehydrated and malnourished. A firm, “olive-like” mass of about 1.5 cm in diameter is palpated in the right upper quadrant, by the lateral edge of the rectus abdominus muscle.... | Hypertrophy of the pylorus muscle | {
"A": "Duodenal atresia",
"B": "Hypertrophy of the pylorus muscle",
"C": "Aganglionic colon segment",
"D": "Achalasia"
} | step2&3 | B | [
"3 week old boy",
"non bilious projectile vomiting",
"occurred",
"feeding",
"vomiting",
"infant",
"hungry",
"infant appears dehydrated",
"malnourished",
"firm",
"olive",
"mass",
"diameter",
"palpated",
"right upper quadrant",
"lateral edge",
"rectus",
"muscle",
"laboratory testin... |
A 20-year-old female college student comes to the student clinic for an annual physical examination. She has no complaints. On further questioning, she admits to having only two friends on campus, which she attributes to her shyness, and has been present for as long as she can remember. She intentionally enrolls in lar... | Avoidant Personality Disorder | {
"A": "Avoidant Personality Disorder",
"B": "Schizoid personality disorder",
"C": "Adjustment disorder with depressed mood",
"D": "Dependent personality disorder"
} | step2&3 | A | [
"20 year old female college student",
"student clinic",
"annual physical examination",
"complaints",
"further questioning",
"admits to",
"only two friends",
"attributes",
"shyness",
"present",
"long",
"remember",
"large classes",
"not",
"participation",
"due to",
"fear",
"works par... |
An 11-month-old girl presents to a pediatrician with her mother who is concerned about a red discoloration with a rectangular shape over the child’s left buttock presenting since the previous night. The mother also mentions that her daughter has been crying excessively. There is no history of decreased breast feeding, ... | Abusive bruise | {
"A": "Hemophilia",
"B": "Abusive bruise",
"C": "Erythema multiforme minor",
"D": "Diaper dermatitis"
} | step2&3 | B | [
"month old girl presents",
"pediatrician",
"mother",
"concerned",
"red discoloration",
"rectangular shape",
"childs left buttock presenting",
"previous night",
"mother",
"daughter",
"crying excessively",
"history",
"decreased breast feeding",
"fever",
"joint swelling",
"vomiting",
"d... |
A 34-year-old Ethiopian woman who recently moved to the United States presents for evaluation to a surgical outpatient clinic with painful ulceration in her right breast for the last 2 months. She is worried because the ulcer is increasing in size. On further questioning, she says that she also has a discharge from her... | Inflammatory breast cancer | {
"A": "Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS)",
"B": "Inflammatory breast cancer",
"C": "Infiltrating lobular carcinoma",
"D": "Infiltrating ductal carcinoma"
} | step1 | B | [
"year old Ethiopian woman",
"recently moved to",
"United States presents",
"evaluation",
"surgical outpatient clinic",
"painful ulceration",
"right breast",
"months",
"worried",
"ulcer",
"increasing in size",
"further questioning",
"discharge from",
"right nipple",
"2nd child 4 months",
... |
A 28-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 1-year history of chronic back pain. He explains that the pain started after getting a job at a logistics company. He does not recall any trauma and does not have morning stiffness or neurological symptoms. He has been seen by two other physicians for his back pain ... | Somatic symptom disorder | {
"A": "Malignant neoplasm",
"B": "Atypical depression",
"C": "Somatic symptom disorder",
"D": "Acute stress disorder"
} | step2&3 | C | [
"year old man",
"physician",
"of",
"year history",
"chronic back pain",
"pain started",
"getting",
"job",
"logistics company",
"not recall",
"trauma",
"not",
"morning stiffness",
"neurological symptoms",
"seen",
"two other physicians",
"back pain",
"not establish",
"diagnosis",
... |
A 3-year-old boy is brought to the physician because of a 1-week history of yellowish discoloration of his eyes and skin. He has had generalized fatigue and mild shortness of breath for the past month. Three weeks ago, he was treated for a urinary tract infection with antibiotics. His father underwent a splenectomy dur... | Decreased spectrin in the RBC membrane | {
"A": "Increased hemoglobin S",
"B": "Decreased spectrin in the RBC membrane",
"C": "Decreased synthesis of alpha chains of hemoglobin",
"D": "Deficiency of pyruvate kinase"
} | step1 | B | [
"3 year old boy",
"brought",
"physician",
"1-week history",
"discoloration",
"eyes",
"skin",
"generalized fatigue",
"mild shortness of breath",
"past month",
"Three weeks",
"treated",
"urinary tract infection",
"antibiotics",
"father",
"splenectomy",
"childhood",
"Examination shows... |
An 18-month-old boy is brought to the physician by his mother because of concern that he has not yet begun to walk. He was born at term and exclusively breastfed until 15 months of age. His mother says he has been well, apart from an episode of high fever and seizure 4 months ago for which she did not seek medical atte... | Defective growth plate mineralization | {
"A": "Defective growth plate mineralization",
"B": "Mutation of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3",
"C": "Deficiency of osteoclasts to reabsorb bone",
"D": "Osteoid proliferation in the subperiosteal bone\n\""
} | step2&3 | A | [
"month old boy",
"brought",
"physician",
"mother",
"concern",
"not",
"begun to walk",
"born",
"term",
"breastfed",
"months",
"age",
"mother",
"well",
"episode of high fever",
"seizure",
"months",
"not",
"medical attention",
"older brother",
"currently receiving medical treatm... |
A 52-year-old man comes to the physician because of progressive abdominal distention and weight gain over the last 2 months. He was diagnosed with alcoholic liver cirrhosis with large ascites 1 year ago. He has congestive heart failure with a depressed ejection fraction related to his alcohol use. For the last 6 months... | Perform large-volume paracentesis
" | {
"A": "Refer for transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt",
"B": "Refer for liver transplantation",
"C": "Refer for peritoneovenous shunt",
"D": "Perform large-volume paracentesis\n\""
} | step2&3 | D | [
"year old man",
"physician",
"progressive abdominal distention",
"weight gain",
"months",
"diagnosed",
"alcoholic liver cirrhosis",
"large ascites",
"year",
"congestive heart failure",
"depressed ejection fraction related",
"alcohol use",
"last",
"months",
"alcohol",
"followed",
"low... |
A 53-year-old male presents to your office for abdominal discomfort. The patient states he first noticed pain on his right flank several months ago, and it has been gradually getting worse. For the past week, he has also noticed blood in his urine. Prior to this episode, he has been healthy and does not take any medica... | Renal cell carcinoma | {
"A": "Renal cell carcinoma",
"B": "Polycystic kidney disease",
"C": "Pyelonephritis",
"D": "Renal oncocytoma"
} | step2&3 | A | [
"year old male presents",
"office",
"abdominal discomfort",
"patient states",
"first",
"pain",
"right flank",
"months",
"getting worse",
"past week",
"blood in",
"urine",
"episode",
"healthy",
"not take",
"medications",
"patient denies fever",
"chills",
"dysuria",
"40 pack-year... |
A 32-year-old woman comes to the physician for genetic consultation. She has a history of recurrent generalized seizures, diffuse muscular weakness, and multiple episodes of transient left-sided paresis. She has been hospitalized several times for severe lactic acidosis requiring intravenous fluid hydration. Her 10-yea... | Heterogenous mitochondrial DNA | {
"A": "Silenced paternal gene copy",
"B": "Heterogenous mitochondrial DNA",
"C": "Mutation in DNA repair gene",
"D": "Genetically distinct cell lines"
} | step1 | B | [
"year old woman",
"physician",
"genetic consultation",
"history",
"recurrent generalized seizures",
"diffuse muscular weakness",
"multiple episodes of transient left-sided paresis",
"hospitalized",
"times",
"severe lactic acidosis",
"intravenous fluid hydration",
"10 year old daughter",
"sei... |
A 1-week-old infant presents to the ED with seizures that are very difficult to control despite loading with fosphenytoin. The parents note that the child was born at home and has been like this since birth. They note that it has been a difficult week trying to get any response from the infant. Upon examination the inf... | Peroxisome | {
"A": "Lysosome",
"B": "Peroxisome",
"C": "Golgi apparatus",
"D": "Mitochondria"
} | step1 | B | [
"week old infant presents",
"ED",
"seizures",
"very difficult",
"control",
"loading",
"fosphenytoin",
"parents note",
"child",
"born at home",
"since birth",
"note",
"difficult week",
"to",
"response",
"infant",
"examination",
"infant",
"poor muscle tone",
"severe difficulties"... |
A 51-year-old man with alcohol use disorder comes to the physician because of a fever and productive cough. An x-ray of the chest shows a right lower lobe consolidation and a diagnosis of aspiration pneumonia is made. The physician prescribes a drug that blocks peptide transfer by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit. ... | Clindamycin | {
"A": "Doxycycline",
"B": "Clindamycin",
"C": "Azithromycin",
"D": "Ceftriaxone"
} | step1 | B | [
"year old man",
"alcohol use disorder",
"physician",
"fever",
"productive cough",
"x-ray of",
"chest shows",
"right lower lobe consolidation",
"diagnosis",
"aspiration pneumonia",
"made",
"physician",
"drug",
"blocks peptide transfer",
"binding",
"50S ribosomal subunit",
"following d... |
A 69-year-old man undergoes modified radical neck dissection for an oropharyngeal tumor. During the procedure, he requires multiple blood transfusions. Four hours after the surgery, examination shows that the right and left pupils do not constrict when a light is shone into the left eye. When light is shone into the ri... | Optic nerve | {
"A": "Optic nerve",
"B": "Pretectal nuclei",
"C": "Superior cervical ganglion",
"D": "Ciliary ganglion"
} | step1 | A | [
"69 year old man",
"modified radical neck dissection",
"oropharyngeal tumor",
"procedure",
"multiple blood transfusions",
"Four hours",
"surgery",
"examination shows",
"right",
"left pupils",
"not",
"light",
"left eye",
"light",
"right eye",
"pupils",
"Fundoscopic examination shows",... |
A 7-year-old girl is brought to the physician by her mother because of a 5-day history of fever, fatigue, and red spots on her body. Her temperature is 38.3°C (101.1°F), pulse is 115/min, and blood pressure is 100/60 mm Hg. Physical examination shows pallor and petechiae over the trunk and lower extremities. Laboratory... | Aplastic anemia | {
"A": "Aplastic anemia",
"B": "Multiple myeloma",
"C": "Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura",
"D": "Acute lymphoblastic leukemia"
} | step1 | A | [
"year old girl",
"brought",
"physician",
"mother",
"5-day history",
"fever",
"fatigue",
"red spots",
"body",
"temperature",
"3C",
"pulse",
"min",
"blood pressure",
"100 60 mm Hg",
"Physical examination shows pallor",
"petechiae",
"trunk",
"lower extremities",
"Laboratory studie... |
A 45-year-old man is brought to the emergency department after being found down in the middle of the street. Bystanders reported to the police that they had seen the man as he exited a local bar, where he was subsequently assaulted. He sustained severe facial trauma, including multiple lacerations and facial bone fract... | Foramen ovale | {
"A": "Foramen ovale",
"B": "Foramen rotundum",
"C": "Superior orbital fissue",
"D": "Inferior orbital fissue"
} | step1 | A | [
"year old man",
"brought",
"emergency department",
"found",
"middle",
"street",
"Bystanders reported",
"police",
"seen",
"man",
"exited",
"local",
"assaulted",
"sustained severe facial trauma",
"including multiple lacerations",
"facial bone fractures",
"man",
"taken",
"operating ... |
A 39-year-old man comes to the physician for a follow-up examination. He was treated for a urinary tract infection with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole 2 months ago. He is paraplegic as a result of a burst lumbar fracture that occurred after a fall 5 years ago. He has hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Current me... | Frequent position changes | {
"A": "Cessation of smoking",
"B": "Frequent position changes",
"C": "Topical antibiotic therapy",
"D": "Heparin therapy\n\""
} | step2&3 | B | [
"year old man",
"physician",
"follow-up examination",
"treated",
"urinary tract infection",
"trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole",
"months",
"paraplegic",
"result",
"burst lumbar fracture",
"occurred",
"fall",
"years",
"hypertension",
"type 2 diabetes mellitus",
"Current medications include ... |
A 56-year-old man presents to the emergency room after being in a motor vehicle accident. He was driving on an icy road when his car swerved off the road and ran head on into a tree. He complains of severe pain in his right lower extremity. He denies loss of consciousness during the accident. His past medical history i... | Femoral head smaller than contralateral side and posterior to acetabulum | {
"A": "Femoral head larger than contralateral side and inferior to acetabulum",
"B": "Femoral head smaller than contralateral side and posterior to acetabulum",
"C": "Fracture line extending between the greater and lesser trochanters",
"D": "Fracture line extending through the femoral neck"
} | step1 | B | [
"year old man presents",
"emergency room",
"motor vehicle accident",
"driving",
"icy road",
"car",
"road",
"ran head",
"tree",
"severe pain",
"right lower extremity",
"denies loss of consciousness",
"accident",
"past medical history",
"notable",
"poorly controlled hypertension",
"hyp... |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.