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1904.10488 | \section{Genesis of the Fireball Shock Model}
\label{intro}
Fireballs in astrophysics generally refer to an optically thick plasma whose temperature
exceeds the electron rest mass and which can produce $e^\pm$ pairs and photons in equilibrium
with a baryonic plasma.
An early study of the fireball radiation physics aim... |
1904.10258 | \section{Introduction}
The work of Greg Chaitin has been at the centre of my intellectual interests. He was not only one of the examiners for my PhD in computer science in 2011, but my work would have not been possible without his seminal ideas. I met Greg in 2006, having been invited to his home and to his office at ... |
1904.10432 | \subsection{\rm \bf Introduction}
The Belle collaboration has recently published results for $R_D$ and $R_{D^*}$ with a semileptonic tag \cite{Belle2019, Abdesselam:2019dgh}, and their result is consistent
with the Standard Model (SM) expectation within $1.2\sigma$. Consequently, the experimental world average has mov... |
2102.10123 | \section{Introduction}
\label{Introduction}
The increasing tension between the local measurements of the current expansion rate \cite{friedman,Riess:2019cxk} and that derived from the temperature anisotropies in the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) \cite{Aghanim:2018eyx} assuming the $\Lambda$-Cold Dark Matter ($\La... |
2102.10289 | \section{Introduction}
\IEEEPARstart{M}{odel} Predictive Control (MPC) is a well-known method to solve finite-horizon optimal control problems online, which has been extensively investigated in various fields \cite{qin2003survey,vazquez2014model,li2014fast}.
However, existing MPC algorithms still suffer from a major c... |
1612.03273 | \section{\uppercase{Introduction}}
\label{sec:introduction}
Images containing fences occur in several situations such as photographing statues in museums, animals in a zoo etc. Image de-fencing involves the removal of fences or occlusions in images. De-fencing a single photo is striclty an image inpainting problem th... |
1612.03243 | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction}
Understanding turbulence in stable density stratification is a central problem in atmosphere, ocean, and climate dynamics, as well as in the context of engineering flows \citep{Riley:2000bh}.
In strongly stratified turbulence a common phenomenon is the emergence of a ver... |
1612.03264 | \section{Introduction}
\label{Sec-I}
A self-reinforcing solitary wave which preserves its shape while traversing
at a constant speed is known as a bright soliton. The origin of the bright solitons
is due to a cancellation of the effects produced by non-linear and dispersive terms
in the Hamiltonian. Solitons have bee... |
2107.08534 | \section{Introduction\label{sec:intro}}
The Ising model is one of the most popular models in statistical physics:
its simplicity makes it easy to study while it is complex enough
that many interesting physical phenomena can be studied with it, such as
phase transitions and criticality \cite{brush1967history}. Since it... |
2106.00418 | \section{Introduction}
Contextual bandits, where personalized decisions are made sequentially and simultaneously with data collection, are increasingly used to address important decision-making problems where data is limited and/or expensive to collect, with applications in product recommendation \citep{li2010contextu... |
1505.07185 | \section{Introduction}\label{s:introduction}
Deligne--Lusztig theory \cite{DL76} gives a geometric description of the irreducible representations of finite groups of Lie type. In \cite{L79}, Lusztig suggests an analogue of Deligne--Lusztig theory for $p$-adic groups $G$. For an unramified maximal torus $T \subset G$, ... |
1505.07636 | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec1}
We know that there are three generations of fermions in nature.
Each generation carries the same quantum number,
and only their masses are different from each other.
In the Standard Model (SM), the transition among the generations occurs
only through the weak boson exchan... |
2212.02347 | \section{Introduction}Nonreciprocal optical devices (NRODs), such as optical isolators and circulators, enforcing unidirectional light propagation, have become key components for modern photonic applications~\cite{Millot2016NP, Zhang2022Nture, Jiho2019Science, Lai2020NP}, quantum information processing~\cite{Daiss2021,... |
2212.02339 | \section{Introduction}
As an efficient method to trace the source of leakage, digital watermarking technology has been widely studied. There have been many excellent works in image \cite{fang2018screen}, audio \cite{erfani2016audio}, and video \cite{asikuzzaman2017overview} watermarking.
The two most important prope... |
2112.00516 | \section{INTRODUCTION}
The dynamics of most systems, like autonomous vehicles \cite{Ames2016}, robotics \cite{robot2020}, and chemical processes \cite{chemProccess2013}, is constrained. Inputs are constrained by actuation capability, and state constraints are either imposed by physical limitations or safety considerati... |
0801.0621 | \section{Tridiagonal pairs}
\indent
Throughout the paper $\mathbb{K}$ denotes a field
and $V$ denotes a vector space over $\mathbb{K}$
with finite positive dimension.
\medskip
We begin by recalling the notion of a tridiagonal pair.
We will use the following terms.
Let $\text{End}(V)$ denote the $\mathbb{K}$-algebr... |
0801.1339 | \section{Introduction}
Relativistic plasma flows are observed in a number of astrophysical objects, ranging from a mildly relativistic jets of the sources like SS433, through the-Lorentz-factor-of-a-few jets in AGNs and galactic `micro-quasars', up to highly ultra-relativistic outflows in sources of gamma ray b... |
0801.0836 | \section{Introduction}
Two-dimensional (2D) lattice models with continuous local spin symmetry,
such as the classical XY-model and the classical Heisenberg model on the
square lattice, do not have finite magnetization when temperature is finite.
This fact proved by Mermin and Wagner~\cite{Mermin} does not exclude
the ... |
2012.12422 | \section{Introduction}
Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys, MICS (\url{mics.unicef.org}), are one of the most significant global sources of household data on health, education, and the well-being of women and children. Supported by UNICEF, they have been conducted since the mid-1990s in over 100 count... |
0909.0091 | \section{Introduction}\label{s:intro}
In this seventh paper in the series of the discovery of isotopes, the discovery of the iron isotopes is discussed. Previously, the discovery of cerium \cite{Gin09}, arsenic \cite{Sho09}, gold \cite{Sch09}, tungsten \cite{Fri09}, krypton \cite{Hei09} and einsteinium \cite{Bur09} is... |
2008.00956 | \section{Introduction}\label{intro}
This is an extended and improved version of
our PADL'20 paper \cite{padl20}.\footnote{
Selected by the reviewers of PADL'20 and the program chairs
Ekaterina Komendantskaya and Yanhong Annie Liu to be
submitted to the Rapid Publications track of the
journal \emph{Theory and Practic... |
2008.00957 | \section*{\refname}}
\title{Free-Electron Shaping Using Quantum Light
}
\author{Valerio~Di~Giulio}
\affiliation{ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain}
\author{F.~Javier~Garc\'{\i}a~de~Abajo}
\email{javier.garciadeabajo@nanophot... |
quant-ph/9509009 | \section{Introduction}
Consider the equations of motion of Bohmian mechanics\
for a system of $N$ particles with
masses $m_{1},...,m_{N}$ moving in physical space ${\rm I\! R}^3$: the wave function\ $\psi$
evolves according to
Schr\"{o}dinger 's equation
\begin{equation} \label{seq}
i\hbar \frac{\partial \psi _t(q)}{... |
hep-th/9509032 | \section{INTRODUCTION}
The main purpose of our work is to approach the scaling region and extract
physical results by analytic calculations.
For a lattice calculation, a basic requirement is that for weak enough
coupling,
the dimensionless quantities should satisfy the scaling law,
predicted by renormalization group e... |
hep-ph/9509253 | \section*{\centering REFERENCES}\list
{\arabic{enumi}.}{\settowidth\labelwidth{#1.}\leftmargin\labelwidth
\advance\leftmargin\labelsep
\usecounter{enumi}}
\def\hskip .11em plus .33em minus .07em{\hskip .11em plus .33em minus .07em}
\sloppy\clubpenalty4000\widowpenalty4000
\sfcode`\.=1000\relax}
\let\endThebibliogr... |
2212.01804 | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro}
\begin{enumerate}
\item what are numerical models? what equations do we consider?
\item GRMHD/semi-analytical code and model description used in the ngeht challenges
\item time and radial information of these models
\item disks vs. jets, MAD vs. SANE
\item ... |
2105.09756 | \section{Introduction}
\label{section:introduction}
Distributed systems are notoriously subject to faults and much of the effort
in the design and implementation of distributed algorithms is devoted to fault
tolerance issues.
Introduced in the seminal paper of Dijkstra~\cite{dijkstra1982self},
\emph{self-stabilization}... |
2111.01577 | \section{Conclusion\label{subsec:Conclusion}}
Our study provides insight into how developers use named casts. This
technique provides the opportunity to prioritise refactorings for
named cast operators. The results have shown that identifiers can
add insights into program semantics. This is beneficial in several
ways,... |
1104.2417 | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
The distribution of particles transported by turbulent flows is a current research topic with implications in diverse fields, such as process technology (\cite{Pratsinis1996}), cloud formation (\cite{Bodenschatz2010}), and plankton dynamics (\cite{Schmitt2008}). In most of the c... |
2009.09164 | \section{Introduction}
Constructing a quantum network where states can be transferred in a coherent manner between two nodes is a task of fundamental importance towards the realization of an efficient platform for quantum information processing \cite{divincenzo2000physical}. The past two decades great effort has been ... |
1901.10255 | \section{Introduction}
\label{introduction}
The deep learning revolution has yielded models of increasingly large size.
In recent years, designing compact and accurate neural networks with a small number of trainable parameters has been an active research topic, motivated by practical applications in embedded syst... |
1405.1745 | \section{Steady state response and Josephson harmonics in the RSJ}
In this section, we present a detailed calculation of the steady-state amplitudes of the Josephson oscillation and its harmonics ($\omega_{J}, 2\omega_{J}$ ..) in an RSJ. This requires a self-consistent evaluation of the static and rf characteristics o... |
1405.1943 | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:Intro}
There is an extensive literature dedicated to well-posedness of the Cauchy problem
for the incompressible Euler equations of hydrodynamics.
The first rigorous results on the local in time existence and uniqueness of solutions
go back to the papers of Gyunter \cite{Gu} and ... |
1303.5031 | \section{Introduction}
This article studies perturbations of finite dimensional dynamical systems by small multiplicative L\'evy noise with
heavy-tailed large jumps with the focus on the exit behavior
from a bounded neighborhood of those global attractor. The scenario we shall study is as follows.
Let us consider... |
0906.1938 | \section{Introduction}
When atoms or molecules are irradiated with laser fields that are
intense enough to induce nonlinear effects, a wealth of fascinating
phenomena may be observed~\cite{posthumus-2004}. This applies even to
deceitfully ``uninteresting'' systems such as the simplest molecule,
H$_2^+$~\cite{giusti-s... |
2102.08748 | \section{Introduction}
The short time Fourier transform (STFT) has many applications specially in signal and image processing for providing good time-frequency localization. Singularities of discontinuity across a curve such an edges in an image in multidimensional often hold the key information. To tackle the directio... |
math/0411244 | \section{Introduction}
\smallskip
A subgroup covering (coset covering) of the group $G$ is a collection of its subgroups (cosets of its subgroups) whose union is the whole group.
A covering is called irredundant or minimal if none of its memebers can be omitted.
B.H. Neumann observed \cite{NE} that if a group $G$ has a... |
cond-mat/0411329 | \section{Introduction}
In view of various applications such as the study of two--dimensional melting
\cite{Pie80}, investigations of mesoscale structure formation \cite{Joa01}
or engineering of colloidal crystals on spherical surfaces \cite{Din02},
the self--assembly of
sub-$\mu$m colloidal particles at water--air o... |
gr-qc/0411130 | \section{Introduction}
There exist many approaches for the quantisation of systems
with (first-class) constraints. They fall essentially into two
categories, according to whether they implement the constraints
before or after quantisation. In the first category lie schemes
that attempt to quantise directly the reduc... |
astro-ph/0411733 | \section{Introduction}
In Rocca-Volmerange et al., 2004, hereafter RV04, we showed that
powerful radio sources are hosted by the most massive galaxies. Based on
measurements of stellar masses with robust evolution models, the
maximum mass is limited by the fragmentation limit at
$\s... |
math-ph/0411069 | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:int}
We consider systems composed of electrons and nuclei, i.e.,
point particles which interact via Coulomb interaction with
the negatively charged particles being fermions.
Due to their important role in describing nature,
such systems have been intensively investigated.
In particula... |
nlin/0411045 | \section{Introduction}
Chaos in simple power system models has been studied extensively in
recent papers. In Abed {\em et al.,} [1993], Tan {\em et al.,}
[1993], bifurcations and chaos in a three node power system with a
dynamic load model were studied using a classical model for the
generator. In Rajesh \& Padiyar [19... |
cond-mat/0411466 | \section{\bf Introduction}
The fundamental electron-hole (e-h) recombination process in organic light
emitting diodes (OLEDs)
can be written as,
\begin{equation}
\label{CT}
P^+ + P^- \to G + S/T
\end{equation}
where $P^{\pm}$ are charged polaronic states of the emissive molecule, $G$
is the ground state of the neutra... |
cond-mat/0411302 | \section{Introduction}
The concept of entanglement is at the heart of modern ideas on quantum
information processing and quantum computing [1--5]. There exist different
suggestions for manipulating quantum entanglement, in particular, by employing
spin systems or considering atomic systems interacting with electromagn... |
nucl-th/0411053 | \section{Introduction}
Lately we have been concerned with
probing the behavior of the isospin-asymmetric
equation of state (EOS) \cite{AS02}. With our recent work on neutron radii and neutron skins
\cite{AS203}, we have explored applications of the EOS at densities typical for normal nuclei.
It is also i... |
1004.5543 | \section{Introduction}
The most commonly used large sample tests are the likelihood ratio
\citep{Wilks1938}, Wald \citep{Wald1943} and Rao score \citep{Rao1948}
tests. Recently, \cite{Terrell2002} proposed a new test statistic that
shares the same first order asymptotic properties with the
likelihood ratio ($LR$), Wa... |
1004.5525 | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
The current ongoing flow of high accuracy astrophysical observations
has important consequences for our understanding of the very early
Universe. In particular, the widely accepted inflationary
paradigm~\cite{Guth:1980zm, Linde:1981mu,
Albrecht:1982wi,Linde:1983gd} (for a rev... |
2111.09321 | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Cosmological observations imply that around 80\% of the total matter
content in our universe is made up of dark matter
(DM)~\cite{Planck:2018vyg}. The gravitational impact of DM on the
dynamics of visible matter has been measured on a large range of
astrophysical and cosmologic... |
2111.09203 | \section{Introduction}
In the past decades photoelectron spectroscopy has developed into the most powerful experimental technique to determine the detailed electronic properties of matter. On the experimental side, a wide range of energy-, momentum- and spin-resolving electron spectrometers has been employed. Here the ... |
1702.07113 | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
A fundamental connection between three dimensional topology and higher categories is the $(2+1)$-dimensional topological quantum field theory ($\mathrm{TQFT}$) introduced in \cite{witten1988topological,atiyah1988topological}. A $(2+1)$-$\mathrm{TQFT}$ associates to every
closed ... |
1702.06902 | \section{Invariant verification}
\label{sec:reachalgo}
A subproblem for invariant verification is to
compute $\reachtube{\H}$, or more specifically, the reachtubes for the set of trajectories $\TL$ in a given mode, up to a time bound.
This is a difficult problem, even when $\TL$ is generated by white-box models.
The a... |
cond-mat/9605118 | \section{\bf Introduction}
The most interesting feature of high temperature superconductors
(HTSCs) is that
the superconducting transition is broadened in presence of magnetic field
which has been understood in terms of thermodynamic fluctuations near the
superconducting phase transition and has drawn a great interes... |
hep-ph/9605315 | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
It is generally believed that QCD undergoes chiral restoration
at sufficiently high temperatures. This is supported by lattice
simulations \cite{K95}, as well as by a variety of model
calculations. As the temperature grows, the value
of the quark condensate increases fr... |
hep-th/9605097 | \section{Introduction}
In 1981 Polyakov \cite{Pol} showed that when non-critical strings are
quantised so as to maintain reparametrisation invariance, the scale of
the metric becomes a dynamical degree of freedom even though it
decouples classically. Although the associated action is that of a
soluble quantum field t... |
hep-ph/9605382 | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:1}
In the past few years it has become clear that topological defects produced in
the early universe may have a considerably richer microstructure than had
previously been imagined\cite{sym rest}. In particular, the core of a defect
acquires additional features at each subsequent symm... |
2104.01387 | \section{Introduction \label{sec:intro}}
Flows in magnetic confinement devices are known to have a strong influence in suppressing turbulence and affecting neoclassical \citep{Hinton_Wong_1985_neoclassical_transport_rotating,helander1998neoclassical} and turbulent transport \citep{burrell1997_ExB_effects}, as well as ... |
1806.05358 | \section{Byzantine Perturbed Gradient Descent}\label{sec:perturbed_bgd}
In this section, we describe our algorithm, \emph{Byzantine Perturbed Gradient Descent} (ByzantinePGD), which provably finds a second-order stationary point of the population loss $F(\cdot)$ in the distributed setting with Byzantine machines.
As ... |
1806.05195 | \section*{Glossary}
Here we provide an overview of the acronyms used throughout this
paper and also in common use in the literature. \\
\begin{tabular}{ll}
BBH & Binary black hole\\
BH & Black hole \\
BNS & Binary neutron star\\
BSSN & Baumgarte-Shapiro-Shibata-Nakamura \\
CBM & Compact binary me... |
1604.02813 | \section{Introduction}
The cornerstones of Auslander-Reiten duality are the following
formulas for modules over an artin algebra $\Lambda$:
\[D\operatorname{Ext}^1_\Lambda(C,-)\cong\operatorname{\overline{Hom}}_\Lambda(-,D\operatorname{Tr} C)\quad\text{and}\quad
\operatorname{Ext}^1_\Lambda(-,D\operatorname{Tr} C)\con... |
2212.08888 | \section{Introduction}
It has been repeatedly shown that the user and product information associated with reviews is helpful for sentiment polarity prediction~\cite{tang-etal-2015-user-product,tang-etal-2015-user-product,chen-etal-2016-neural-sentiment,ma-etal-2017-cascading}. Just as the same user is expected to hav... |
2101.02510 | \section{Introduction}
One of the most typical properties of social networks is the presence of
\emph{homophily}~\cite{mcpherson_homophily_1987,shrum_friendship_1988,moody_race_2001,mcpherson_birds_2001},
i.e. the increased tendency of an edge to exist between two nodes if
they share the same underlying characteristic... |
1502.04533 | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:Intro}
A wireless ad-hoc network is a self-organized decentralized network that consists of independent radio transceivers (transmitter/receiver)
and does not rely on any existing infrastructure. The network nodes (stations) communicate over radio channels.
Each node broadcasts a sig... |
1502.05014 | \section{Introduction}
Hilbert functions and graded Betti numbers are widely studied invariants in commutative algebra. In particular, the problem of transforming an ideal into another that has the same Hilbert function and graded Betti numbers greater than or equal to those of the original ideal is one of interest t... |
2105.07279 | \section{INTRODUCTION}\label{section:1}
The second-order elastic constants are essential materials parameters, playing pivotal roles in many research areas of engineering \cite{R1, R2}, medical \cite{R3,R4}, condensed matter physics ~\cite{R5,R6, R7}, materials science \cite{R8}, geophysics \cite{R9}, and chemical \cit... |
2211.08646 | \section{Introduction}
\label{s_introduction}
Due to the explosion of wireless communication devices, spectrum congestion is becoming a severe problem, releasing increasing pressure on existing radar, communication, and other wireless systems. To cope with this issue, the concept of integrated sensing and communicatio... |
1407.2265 | \section{Introduction}
\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{Introduction}
\enlargethispage{\baselineskip}
Let $\alpha_{1},\ldots,\alpha_{n},\beta_{1},\ldots,\beta_{n}\in \mathbb{C}$. The generalized hypergeometric equation
\begin{equation}
\label{generalized hypergeometric equation}
\big[z(\theta-\alpha_{1})\cdots (\theta-... |
1503.02402 | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Pulsar Wind Nebulae (PWNe) are a class of Supernova Remnants (SNRs), whose broad-band emission is mostly non-thermal and powered by a fast-spinning magnetised neutron star, usually also observed as a pulsar. Most of the rotational energy lost by such a star goes into the acceler... |
1503.02318 | \section{Introduction}
What graphic should I use to make a new startup more eye-catching than Instagram? Which image caption will
help spread an under-represented shocking news? Should I put an image of a cat in my YouTube video if I want
millions of views? These questions plague professionals and regular internet... |
1612.04927 | \subsection{Local wellposedness in $H^s$ for $s>1$}
It is well known from the works of Klainerman and Machedon \cite{KlainermanMachedon1,KlainermanMachedon2,KlainermanMachedon3}, Klainerman and Selberg \cite{Klainerman1,Klainerman2}, and Selberg \cite{Selberg}, that the wave map equation (\ref{Mainwavemap}) is locally... |
2002.11106 | \section{Introduction}\vspace{-.4truecm}
Dirac reportedly once said about the so-called \emph{standard model of} ``\emph{everyday matter}'' that it
covers all of the chemistry and most of the physics of systems from the size of atoms and molecules all the way up
on the number-of-particles scale to objects the size o... |
1605.05402 | \section{Introduction \label{sec:Intro}}
With larger and more complex data sets becoming increasingly common, the annotation of data in order to semantically enrich it is a crucial task within data science \cite{TaylorJoudrey2008, Davies2009}. For example, in molecular biology a gene can be annotated by domain experts... |
2003.12137 | \section{Introduction}
\begin{figure*}
\centering
\begin{subfigure}{.5\textwidth}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=.75\linewidth]{figures/text2image.png}
\caption{Text to Image}
\label{fig:text2image}
\end{subfigure}%
\begin{subfigure}{.5\textwidth}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=.75\linewidth]{figures/... |
2003.12083 | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
In the early Universe, the first objects formed and filled the Universe with light. They ionized the neutral gas in the intergalactic medium (IGM) via a phenomenon called ``cosmic reionization''. One of the candidates for the main source of reionization is star-forming galaxies,... |
1512.04511 | \section{Introduction}
Magnetic fields pervade the universe. From the scales of planets up
to galaxy clusters and beyond, they are not only ubiquitous but have
also proven dramatically important in a wide variety of
astrophysical and geophysical processes. Despite this, our understanding
the mechanisms that lead to the... |
1512.04645 | \section{Introduction}
The \texttt{iopart-num} Bib\TeX{} style is intended for use in
preparing manuscripts for Institute of Physics Publishing journals,
including Journal of Physics. It provides numeric citation with
Harvard-like formatting, based upon the specification in ``How to
prepare and submit an article for ... |
1512.04523 | \section*{Abstract}
This document contains a description of physics entirely based on a geometric presentation: all of the theory is
described giving only a pseudo-riemannian manifold (M, g) of dimension n > 5 for which the g tensor is, in studied
domains, almost everywhere of signature (-, -, +, ..., +). No object is... |
1512.04275 | \section*{Supplemental Material on}
\begin{center}
{\large\bf A Tweezer for Chimeras in Small Networks}\\[5mm]
Iryna Omelchenko$^1$, Oleh E. Omel'chenko$^2$, Anna Zakharova$^1$, Matthias Wolfrum$^2$, and Eckehard Sch{\"o}ll$^1$\\[4mm]
$^1${\it Institut f{\"u}r Theoretische Physik, Technische Universit\"at Berlin, Harde... |
1303.0199 | \section{Introduction}
As a generalization of the Fenchel-Nielsen twist deformation for a simple closed curve, Thurston introduced earthquake deformations for measured geodesic laminations. Later in his study of minimal stretch maps, Thurston generalized earthquakes to shears (cataclysms), deformations incorporati... |
1303.0101 | \section{\boldmath Observation of $Z_b$ states in the $\Upsilon(nS)\pi^+\pi^-$ and $h_b(mP)\pi^+\pi^-$ channels}
Recently Belle observed the $h_b(1P)$ and $h_b(2P)$ states in the
transitions $\Upsilon(5S)\to h_b(mP)\pi^+\pi^-$~\cite{hb_belle}. The rates of these
transitions appeared to be unsuppressed relative to the ... |
1303.0227 | \section{Introduction}
Within our Solar System, Earth and smaller bodies are primarily rocky (or, far from the Sun, mixtures of rock and ices), whereas the cosmically-abundant low-density constituents H$_2$ and He dominate the volume in Uranus/Neptune and larger bodies. There are no local examples of bodies intermedi... |
2207.14376 | \section{\label{sec:level1}INTRODUCTION}
Transitional flow regime is very frequently encountered in turbomachines and especially in aircraft engines at relatively low Reynolds numbers. As a consequence, a significant part of the flow on the blade surfaces is under the laminar-turbulent transition process. The boundary ... |
2207.14385 | \section{Introduction}
In this paper we consider a family of active scalars in two dimensions, that are driven by an incompressible flow which is more singular than the scalar itself. More precisely, we say a function $w(x,t):\mathds{R}^2\times \mathds{R}_+\rightarrow \mathds{R}$, $w(x,t)\in H^{s}$, $s>2+\gamma$ is a ... |
2112.12474 | \section{Introduction}
Lattice field theories require an intensive use of numerical simulations, and often supercomputers are employed in order to render such simulations feasible in terms of time consumption.
The outstanding developments which occurred in the realm of machine learning in the past decade, together w... |
1404.1618 | \section{Introduction}
A {\em graph} is a pair $G = (V_G, E_G)$, where $V_G$ is the (finite, nonempty) set of vertices of $G$ and $E_G$ is the set of edges, where an edge is a two-element subset of vertices. The {\em complete graph} on $n$ vertices is denoted $K_n$.
An {\em induced subgraph} of $G$ is a subgraph obt... |
2104.07352 | \section{Introduction}
\IEEEPARstart{T}{he} instantaneous balance between generated and consumed active power is one of the basic principles of the AC power systems operation. Any variation from such a condition causes a frequency event, namely, the deviation of the system frequency from its nominal value.
The progre... |
1702.02332 | \section{\label{sec:1}Introduction}
The study of entropy driven transitions in the $2\times2$ hard square lattice gas model, or equivalently
the 2-NN model in which a particle excludes the nearest and next-nearest neighbor from
being occupied by another particle, has a long history
dating back to the 1950s~\cite{dom... |
1707.03520 | \section{Introduction}
\label{sect:Intro}
String theory combined with inflationary cosmology has led to the picture of inflationary multiverse, populated by a multitude of vacua with diverse properties. (For a review of multiverse cosmology and references to the literature see, e.g., \cite{Linde}.)
The vacua are rep... |
1707.03479 | \section{Examples}\label{examples}
We apply the generating series formula to compute $Z(\Sym^n X,t)$ for various cases of varieties $X$ over finite fields. These serve to verify the formula and demonstrate the facility of writing the zeta function in the Witt ring. Note that below, sums of Teichm\"{u}ller elements ar... |
1202.4101 | \section{Introduction}
The long time behavior of trap models and related processes with disordered parameters has been the theme of several papers in the recent literature.
From the inaugurating work of Bouchaud~\cite{B}, where the case of the complete graph was shown to exhibit {\em aging}, the same as well as other
... |
1202.4193 | \section{Introduction}
First-order (FO) rewritability is the key concept of ontology-based data access (OBDA)~\cite{DFKM*08,HMAM*08,PLCD*08}, which is believed to lie at the foundations of the next generation of information systems. An ontology language $\mathcal{L}$ enjoys \emph{FO-rewritability} if any conjunctive q... |
1202.4749 | \section{Introduction}
Exchangeability is a basic distributional symmetry in probability.
It means that the distribution of a sequence of random variables is invariant under finite permutations of these random variables. The de Finetti theorem characterizes an exchangeable infinite sequence of random variables to be id... |
1202.4531 | \section{Introduction}
Recent experimental and theoretical studies have shown that external electromagnetic fields can be used as a powerful tool to manipulate molecular collisions and chemical reactivity at low temperatures \cite{Book,NJP,Schnell,Softley,Dulieu,JohnCPC,Roman08,BalaJPB04,prl06,jcp07,jcp06,Sergey09,jc... |
1705.08550 | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
According to the American Cancer Society, breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed solid cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death among U.S. women~\cite{acs}. Mammogram screening has been demonstrated to be an effective way for early detection and diagnosis, whic... |
2208.14614 | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Whereas traditional approaches in recommender systems infer user preferences solely based on historical user-item interaction data~\cite{he2017neural, wang2019neural, wang2019explainable}, conversational recommender systems (CRS) elicit user preferences through interactive ques... |
1706.02657 | \section{Motivation}
It is of general interest to compute quantum corrections to classical
field configurations like soliton solutions that are frequently interpreted
as particles. On top of the wish list we find the energies that predict
particle masses. The quantum correction to the energy can be quite
significant b... |
1703.02456 | \section{\label{sec:level1a}Introduction}
The first attempts to calculate the inverse of a matrix by the help of an iterative scheme were amongst others made by Schulz in the early thirties of the last century \cite{schu}. This resulted in the well-known Newton-Schulz iteration scheme that is widely used to approximate... |
1909.13036 | \section{Introduction}
In the common picture of giant planet formation, a gravitational instability (GI) triggers the collapse of gas clumps into protoplanets \citep{podolak93}. The disk instability scenario relies on the GI of massive and cold circumstellar disks \citep{safronov60,toomre64}. This GI can lead to the f... |
2006.00852 | \chapter*{Introduction}
\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{Introduction}
The main motivating question of the present thesis is the following:
\medskip\begin{center}
\emph{What do smooth maps between manifolds look like?}
\end{center}\medskip
Of course, this question is not at all precise, however, the description... |
2212.06148 | \section{Introduction}
A network with quantum resources has benefits in both computing enabled by quantum computation~\cite{arute2019quantum,zhong2020quantum,zhong2021phase,wu2021strong,liu2021rigorous,zhou2022experimental} and secure communication enabled by quantum key distribution~\cite{gisin2002quantum, bennett199... |
2004.01254 | \section{Introduction}
Research on deep learning has brought forth a number of remarkable applications in the domains of computer vision, natural language processing, self-learning agents and continuous control covering the fields of artificial vision, speech and motion. The main research focus in the past was placed o... |
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