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As a cigarette substitute, atomizing electronic cigarettes have occupied a large percentage of the market for smoking substitute products. The improvement of atomizing electronic cigarette technology is a prerequisite for widespread application and acceptance of electronic cigarettes.
At present, the existing atomizing... | {
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1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates generally to filter elements and in particular to compact hybrid multi-pole filter elements that are useful in the design of radio frequency filters.
2. Description of Related Art
Conventional radio frequency filters have been constructed by a variety of different elemen... | {
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The subject invention pertains to a new shape charge for use in a perforating gun, and more particularly, to a new solid state detonator for use in each such shape charge.
Perforating guns of the prior art generally include a plurality of shape charges, each charge containing an explosive material. A detonating cord is... | {
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The present 1nvention relates to a thin film magnetic head used in a magnetic recording/playback apparatus and a manufacturing method thereof, and more particularly to a thin-film magnetic head capable of thickly stacking a magnetic layer with retaining a size of an outward appearance of the head in order to prevent a ... | {
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Unless otherwise indicated herein, the materials described in this section are not prior art to the claims in this application and are not admitted to be prior art by inclusion in this section.
Computing systems such as personal computers, laptop computers, tablet computers, cellular phones, among many other types of c... | {
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Voltage regulators, such as DC to DC converters, are used to provide stable voltage sources for electronic systems, particularly electronic systems that include integrated circuits. Efficient DC to DC converters are particularly needed for battery management in low power devices, such as laptop notebooks and cellular p... | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
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Reconstructing 3D scenes from 2D images is a very important problem in computer vision and other imaging applications. Conventional 3D reconstruction methods typically use two or more images to obtain depths in the scene. However, depth recovery from a single 2D imago is a severely ill-posed problem. Rather than recons... | {
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Many compounds having basic skeleton of pyridonecarboxylic acid are known to be useful synthetic antibacterials for their excellent antibacterial properties and wide antibacterial spectrum. Among such compounds, norfloxacin (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 53-141286), enoxacin (Japanese Patent Application Lai... | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
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Neutron radiography is a non-destructive testing process used for determining certain material characteristics. In its simplest terms, neutron radiography is accomplished by irradiating an object with neutrons and measuring the resulting flux of neutrons which pass through the object per unit area. Material variations ... | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
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1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an isolation testing circuit and a testing circuit optimization method for executing an isolation test of a plurality of IPs incorporated into an LSI.
2. Description of the Related Art
The number of IPs incorporated into the LSI becomes huge nowadays pursuant t... | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
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The present invention relates to adjustable pliers and more particularly to adjustable pliers which are adapted to be locked in a particular position.
A number of patents have issued on adjustable pliers. Applicant is aware of at least the following patents relating to adjustable pliers: U.S. Pat. Nos.
4,651,598 PA0 4,... | {
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Rotating equipment used in the industry often require mechanical sealing in the region where a shaft driven by a motor enters a housing. Equipment such as pumps, blowers, mixers, and compressors can often contain fluid within the housing. It is desirable to seal the shaft entry to prevent any fluid in the housing from ... | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
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There has been a continuing need for improving the oil/water ratio during hydrocarbon production. One way to improve hydrocarbon production is by using chemical gel systems to resist the flow of injected or natural aqueous drive fluid through high permeability channels and fractures, sometimes referred to in the art as... | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
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The invention generally relates to a semiconductor device. More particularly, the invention relates to a semiconductor comprising of a fin-transistor and a method for fabricating the same.
In a fin-channel-array-transistor (FCAT), a fin channel transistor has a three-dimensional structure where a tri-gate surrounds a c... | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
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The conversion of ethers to their corresponding alkenes and alkanols is an important reaction in a number of commercial processes. Thus, for example, this reaction is used to remove ethers, such as isopropyl ether, produced as the by-products of other processes, such as the hydration of propylene to produce isopropanol... | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
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Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) refers to formatting rules developed by the W3C (World Wide Web Consortium) for web page content. The word “cascading” refers to the way CSS determines how a particular element is ultimately displayed in the web page. The style (color, font and spacing) in which the element is displayed is ... | {
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1. Technical Field
The disclosure relates to an imaging apparatus that irradiates a subject with excitation light or visible light and receives reflected light from the subject by a plurality of pixels to perform photoelectric conversion, to thereby output image information.
2. Related Art
Conventionally, in medical fi... | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
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1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to electronic lock mechanisms, and more particularly, to an electronic lock which may be unlocked through use of a card-key containing a digital code formed by series of infrared light transmissive portions and infrared light non-transmissive portions
2.... | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
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1. Field of Invention
The present invention relates to an authentication-authorization system and a method therefore, and more particularly, to a system and method for carrying out a bidirectional authentication-authorization or multiple authentication-authorizations between a mobile communication terminal and a data m... | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
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Due to its prevalence in today's society, the internet and other types of networks have become a hub for criminal activity. Criminal enterprises and/or actors often attempt to install malware or other harmful software on systems used by unsuspecting users by directing those users to malicious resources identified by un... | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
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Applications for electrophoresis, an analytical technique for separating and identifying biologically important molecules in a sample, include the determination of a sample's homogeneity, the determination of molecular weights of proteins and nucleic acids, the mapping of nucleic acid primary structures, i.e. DNA and R... | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
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The invention relates to a pneumatic mail station for the delivery, reception and transit of pneumatic dispatch cases with two pneumatic tube sections placed at mutually opposite limiting walls of the pneumatic mail station for coupling with an incoming forwarding tube path and an outgoing forwarding tube path as well ... | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
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1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a technique for efficiently scanning an image in an image processing apparatus including an image scanning unit.
2. Description of the Related Art
Currently multifunction printers (MFPS) including scanner units and printer units are widely available as image pr... | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
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The present invention relates to a super precise position detector, and more particularly, to a position detector for detecting a relative position between a mask and a wafer in a stepper X ray exposure apparatus in the order of 0.01 .mu.m by employing sector Fresnel zone plates.
In general, in a stepper X ray exposure... | {
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In many cemeteries, sidewalks and substantially flat, low profile memorial markers are provided throughout the grounds. In some instances, the memorial markers, which may generally be rectangular in shape, are position or located so that one edge of the marker is adjacent the edge of a sidewalk. As with most any sidewa... | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
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Memory devices are widely used in computers, cellular phones, and many other electronic items. A conventional memory device, such as a three-dimensional (3D) NAND flash memory device, has many memory cells to store information. The memory cells are often organized into blocks. A memory device has circuitry to provide s... | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
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The present invention relates to the field of equalization in high-speed receiving units, and more particularly to a peaking inductor array for a peaking control unit of a transceiver.
Data transceiving systems for high-speed communication are subject to signal distortion of the transmitted signal. Various measures are... | {
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Many modern electronic circuits employ electronic filters to remove unwanted signal components. One conventional filter structure may include an inductor and a capacitor (an LC) circuit. FIG. 1A illustrates a conventional LC circuit. FIG. 1B illustrates an equivalent balanced differential version of the LC circuit. Ele... | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
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1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to apparatus for flow conducting devices, and more particularly but not by way of limitation, to apparatus for quick connection and disconnection of flow conducting members in the use of liquid herbicides and the like.
2. Brief Description of the Related... | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
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1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a method of fabricating a fine structure on a surface of an article to produce new optical, mechanical, or physical properties of the article. This method of fabricating a fine structure is applicable to fabrication of, for example, a MLA (micro-lens array), a ... | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
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1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates, in general, to pressurized containers and, more particularly, pertains to pressurized containers having facilities for the separate storage of several different ingredients of a product until it is desired to admix them, at which time it is possible to establish ... | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
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1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a solid electrolyte gas sensor using a solid electrolyte material such as zirconia ceramic.
The present invention also relates to a process of producing a joined body of a ceramic member and a crystal of a hard-to-sinter oxyacid salt such as a sulphate or a car... | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
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1. Field of the Invention.
The present invention relates to an electrophotographic machine, and, more particularly, to a fuser assembly in an electrophotographic machine.
2. Description of the Related Art.
A fuser assembly is used in an electrophotographic machine to fuse previously applied toner onto a surface of a pr... | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a medical imaging modality that can create images of the inside of a human body without using X-rays or other ionizing radiation. MRI uses a powerful magnet to create a strong, uniform, static magnetic field (i.e., the “main magnetic field”). When a human body, or part of a human bod... | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
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1. Field of the Invention
The present invention generally relates to a semi-permeable membrane and, more particularly, to a biocompatible semi-permeable membrane. The present invention also relates to a method of manufacturing the semi-permeable membrane thereof.
2. Description of the Related Art
The dialysis membrane ... | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
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1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to storage media, particularly to a quick mounting system and media for video and other recordings.
2. Related Art
Historically, the television and film industry has relied on chemical film to record motion pictures and other videos recordings. This process has a number o... | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
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One or more applications on mobile device may occasionally wish make a network/data connection with a network element in some cases. Such a network connection may include a virtual private network (VPN), where a VPN is a private communications network used to communicate confidentially over a publicly accessible networ... | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
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1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates in general to magnetic resonance tomography (MRT) as used in the medical field for the examination of patients. This invention relates in particular to a process for avoiding peripheral interference signals in spin-echo images such as e.g. the ambiguity artifact.
... | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
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Violations of body cavities may occur for any of a number of reasons such as surgery, wounds or, in the case of pleural space invasion, rupture caused by coughing or disease. As a consequence atmospheric air, body gases and other fluids may invade the cavities and, e.g., in the case of pleurae, fill the pleural spaces ... | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
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Paclitaxel (Taxol®) is a therapeutic agent with antitumor activity against ovarian, breast, and lung carcinomas. The compound is extracted from the bark of the Pacific yew tree Taxus brevifolia, as well as from needles and stems of this and other Taxus species, and its complex chemical structure has been determined. In... | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
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Full-text searching of data is becoming increasingly popular and significant in the computing world. For many years, the information-retrieval community has had to deal with the storage of documents and with the retrieval of documents based on one or more keywords. Since the burgeoning of the Internet and the feasibili... | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
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Recliner chairs are available that enable a person to assume a reclining position while reading a newspaper, watching the television or taking a nap. However, after the person has reclined in the chair for a period of time he may experience symptoms of lumbago, back pain, head discomfort or neck discomfort, due to the ... | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
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A truck box is a container that is mounted in the bed of a truck, typically a pick-up truck. Ordinarily, the truck box is mounted directly behind the cab of the truck and spans the distance between the side walls of the truck bed. Items like tools, fasteners, and the like can be stored in the truck box rather than simp... | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
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Some software compilers provide built-in versions of certain functions in a corresponding software library. For example, the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC), wherein the name “GNU” is a recursive acronym for “GNU's Not Unix!”, provides built-in versions of functions in the high level C software programming language stand... | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
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In the cryogenic rectification of feed air into nitrogen and oxygen products, the oxygen is typically produced at a purity of about 99.5 mole percent. Because of the relative volatilities of the components of air, the argon in the feed air tends to concentrate with the oxygen rather than with the nitrogen. Accordingly,... | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
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This type of interface may be considered as being relatively restricting in various applications, e.g. identifying people or controlling the access of particular people to a building. It may also be restricting in banking transactions that require the card to pass through a slot in the terminal.
That is why the Applica... | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
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This invention relates generally to an automated process and apparatus for the solvent separation of organic/inorganic substances. More particularly, the invention relates to an automated process and apparatus for the solvent extraction of molecular constituents of coal-derived material such as coal liquefaction proces... | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
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For rotating members, in particular rotating shafts, it is sometimes necessary to receive accurate rotational information, which may be rotational position, velocity, and acceleration information. Various sensing systems have been developed to accomplish this task.
One sensing system in particular that works well in re... | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
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The invention relates to ladies adornments and, more particularly, to a decorative element associated with a brassiere. | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
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Plants exhibit remarkable developmental plasticity in response to changing environments. This post-embryonic reorganization requires transcriptional reprogramming at the cell-specific level to initiate new organs to explore the soil for nutrients (see, e.g., Himanen et al., 2004, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101, 5146-51). P... | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
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A variety of residential and commercial buildings have HVAC equipment that may, for example, provide conditioning such as heating, cooling, ventilation, filtration, humidification, and/or dehumidification to improve the environment within the residential and/or commercial building.
In some instances, a building may be ... | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
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This invention relates to thrust generating engines of the fluid expansion type for propelling a body through a fluid medium such as sea water and more particularly to underwater propulsion engines for torpedoes as disclosed in my prior U.S. Pat. No. 3,783,814, issued Jan. 8, 1974.
The foregoing type of propulsion engi... | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
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The invention relates to a sectional door and to component members thereof. | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
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High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) is a new coding standard that has been developed in recent years. In the High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) system, the fixed-size macroblock of H.264/AVC is replaced by a flexible block, named coding unit (CU). Pixels in the CU share the same coding parameters to improve coding eff... | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
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The exemplary embodiments described herein relate to optical analysis systems and methods for analyzing fluids.
Cementing operations are often used in wellbores for, inter alia, supporting casings and liners, providing zonal isolation, and protecting the casing from corrosive formation fluids. In such operations, it is... | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
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At present, the cushioning offered by a body, such as a mattress, a shoe sole, etc., is provided by means of pressure or impact; the impact is not deflected and the effect of the cushioning is limited, logically depending on the physical characteristics of the body in question.
There are no known cushioning systems bas... | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
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In a data processing system, data and system control structures may be shared between several programs running on a single central processing complex (CPC), or shared between several CPC's using a shared facility.
Commands are communicated over a link to the shared facility through channel apparatus. The channel expect... | {
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1. Field
Embodiments of the invention relate to the field of counterbalance mechanisms; and more specifically, to spring force counterbalance mechanisms for rotating loads.
2. Background
In load positioning systems the effects of gravity on the load may be compensated for with a counterbalance or counterweight, a const... | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
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The invention relates, generally, to a holder for organizing household wrap cartons.
Household wraps such as aluminum foil, wax paper, plastic wrap, and plastic sandwich and garbage bags are typically sold in cartons consisting of rectangular cardboard boxes from which the wrap can be dispensed. Moreover, cartons that ... | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
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1. Technical Field
This disclosure generally relates to a system comprising a touch sensor on polymer lens and methods for manufacturing such system.
2. Description of Related Art
Since touch screens provide an easy interface for human-machine interactions, they recently have found wide range of applications in consume... | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
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Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a power supply apparatus that wirelessly supplies power and a method of wirelessly supplying power.
Description of the Related Art
In recent years, there is known a power supply system that wirelessly transmits power without connection through a connector. With re... | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
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The present invention relates to a clarifying filter centrifuge of the type including an enclosed drum driven by a driving shaft, and a filter means positioned in a cover of the centrifuge and extending perpendicular to the axis of the driving shaft, and to a method of separating or filtering suspensions by means of sa... | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
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1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to electronic compass systems and more particularly to calibration and compensation of electronic compass systems for use in connection with the indication of a vehicle's heading.
2. Description of the Relevant Art
The electronic compass is classified within a fam... | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
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Most echo ultrasound imaging apparatus of the prior art generates images of structures within a body wherein the brightness of individual pixels corresponds to the magnitude of local discontinuities in the acoustic impedance at corresponding points in the body.
A new class of ultrasound imaging equipment, which produce... | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
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1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a molecular-drag vacuum pump. More particularly, the invention relates to a compact, portable, molecular-drag vacuum pump.
2. State of the Art
In recent years, smaller and more portable chemical and biological sensors have been developed. These sensors have many poten... | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
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This invention relates to tubing having threaded ends with multiple seals.
Prior art United States patents are officially referenced and cross-referenced in Class 285, Pipe Joints or Couplings, subclasses 333, Threaded Drill Pipe Types, and 334, Similar Types Having Flat Crest Threads.
Examples of patents found there a... | {
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1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a method and system for management of data and, more particularly, to a method and system for monitoring and determining whether all the data sent by the sender has been received by the receiver.
2. Description of the Related Art
In computer network systems, da... | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
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1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to television receiving apparatus and more particularly to a television receiving apparatus wherein a video buzzing sound is prevented from being produced by a video signal turning round into a power source system.
2. Description of the Related Art
As sound receiving sys... | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
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In the field of superconducting transmission lines, the transmission line cable and cable containment envelope or enclosure terminate at each end of the line so that the cryogenic cooling fluid for maintaining the line below its superconducting critical temperature can enter at one end of the cable enclosure and exit f... | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
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1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates accessing and filtering libraries of literature via a computer system.
2. Background Art
Doctors, clinicians, scientists, and other medical professionals consult journal articles for a variety of reasons. For example, a doctor might want to learn more about a certain typ... | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
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Power high frequency devices have been built using a variety of semiconductor technologies. For a long time the preferred vehicle for their realization has been the NPN bipolar junction transistor (BJT). Its primary advantage was the achievable high intrinsic transconductance (g.sub.m) that permitted the fabrication of... | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
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Some surgical procedures utilize small fasteners having limited torque applied thereto, such as those used to install pacemakers in patients. Torquing such small fasteners is problematic in that there are few if any tools that are adjustable to limit torques to very small values, in a tool which itself is quite small a... | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
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The present invention relates to an EMS (Electromagnetic susceptibility) analysis method and EMS analysis apparatus and a method for manufacturing semiconductor devices using the EMS analysis apparatus, and in particular to a method for performing high-speed and high-accuracy EMS analysis on an LSI (Large-scale Integra... | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
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The present invention relates to a new and distinct cultivar of Hibiscus plant, botanically known as Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, and hereinafter referred to by the name ‘Boreas Yellow’.
The new Hibiscus plant is a product of a planned breeding program conducted by the Inventor in Sabro, Denmark. The objective of the breedi... | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
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1. Field of Invention
This invention pertains to a method and an apparatus for shaping an elongated hollow or solid article, and more particularly to a method and apparatus for performing consistent, accurate spatial dimensional shaping of an elongated extruded product.
2. Description of the Art
There are a considerabl... | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
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1. Field
The present invention relates to a method for controlling an energy management system, and more particularly, to a method for controlling an energy management system, which enables efficient energy management of the energy management system which includes a photovoltaic (PV) module for generating power and a b... | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
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The present invention relates to a multichannel stimulation system for regenerating damaged corneal nerves, and more specifically, to a multichannel stimulation system for regenerating damaged corneal nerves, which can effectively regenerate damaged corneal nerves by applying electric pulse signal as a stimulation sign... | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
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The present invention relates to a crown-shaped cage which is used, for example, in a deep groove ball bearing, and particularly to a crown-shaped cage which is able to positively hold balls inserted easily in its pockets using the elasticity of its component material, and can, particularly, have the balls inserted in ... | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
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The present invention generally relates to bioenergy solid fuel products. More particularly, the present invention relates to clean burning bioenergy solid fuel products and methods of making the same.
Due to diminishing quantities of coal, petroleum, and natural gas products, attention is being directed to found renew... | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
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In a typical computing environment, before documents are sent to a printer for printing they are converted into a printer-ready format by a printer driver executing on a computer. For example, users generally work within an application program on a computer to generate or acquire a document or application file. The app... | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
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1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a method of producing a fiber containing carbon as a major component, a method of producing an electron-emitting device using the fiber, a method of producing an electron source having a plurality of the electron emitting devices arranged in an array configurat... | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
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In recent years, as an illuminator for a projector, there is an illuminator that irradiates a phosphor layer with excitation light from a plurality of light sources to produce fluorescence used as image light (see PTL 1, for example). | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
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The invention concerns a process and a device for sealing barrier constructions in subterranean galleries, especially in salt mines.
In subterranean mining, the task of sealing hollow spaces relative to a stressing medium, which can be either fluids or gasses, falls to the transversal seals. In horizontal mines, these ... | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
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Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to an image capturing optical system and an image capturing device, and more particularly, to an image capturing optical system and an image capturing device applicable to electronic devices.
Description of Related Art
As personal electronic products nowadays has been beco... | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
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The present invention relates generally to joining articles, such as heat exchanger components, by brazing. More particularly, the present invention relates to inventive methods of brazing and adhering brazing materials to components to be brazed. The invention also includes coating compositions for use in such methods... | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
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This invention relates to a non-volatile semiconductor memory device.
A ROM capable of electrically erasing the stored contents and rewriting them is known as an EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable ROM). Unlike EPROMs of the ultraviolet light erasable type, such EEPROMs mounted on a board can erase data by an el... | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
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When a subject is photographed by a video camera under an illumination of a fluorescent lamp directly operated from commercial AC power, chronological brightness level variations in a video signal as an image output, i.e., a fluorescent light flicker occurs due to a difference between the frequency (twice the frequency... | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
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The function of an optical modulator is to transduce an electronic modulation signal received from an electrical circuit into phase modulation of a light beam traversing through a waveguide. For high performance optical modulators, Annealed Proton Exchanged (APE) Lithium Niobate (LiNbO) material is typically used for f... | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
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This application is based upon and claims the benefit of priority from the prior Japanese Patent Applications No. 11-135821, filed May 17, 1999; No. 11-163482, filed Jun. 10, 1999; No. 11-354417, filed Dec. 14, 1999; and No. 2000-121198, filed Apr. 21, 2000, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by refer... | {
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In the field of microwave and millimeter wave energy transmission, such as commercial automotive radar systems (e.g. DE/Delphi's 77 GHz Forward Looking Radar), a myriad of microwave or millimeter wave components are involved, including millimeter integrated circuits (MMICs), diodes, printed circuits, antennas, and poss... | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
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The invention involves an electric fence network, consisting of branches, preferably running horizontally and vertically, connected to each other in the form of a network. The branches are made of a non-conducting material and are provided with an electrical conductor. Alternatively, the branches may be constructed dir... | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
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The number of documents that are exchanged between different businesses is increasing very rapidly. Every institution, be it a commercial company, an educational establishment or a government organization receives hundreds and thousands of documents from other organizations every day. All these documents have to be pro... | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
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As a method of modulating a signal into carrier light using an optical amplifier, a method of modulating the intensity of pumping light to be supplied to an amplification medium, and modulating a gain is used. An erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier (EDFA) that uses an EDF (Erbium-Doped Fiber) for an amplification medi... | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
} |
There are many tooth malocclusion conditions which are correctable through orthodontic treatment. Some of these conditions include incisal spacing, overjet, overbite, incisal crowding, tooth rotation and improper jaw relations. Metal bands and wires are often used in the permanent dentition stage to provide the desired... | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
} |
Multimedia decoding components found in, for example, DVD players and set-top boxes typically utilize a decoder to decode encoded multimedia data (e.g., MPEG video and audio data). The multimedia decoding components then provide the decoded multimedia data for formatting for display as video and audio content. To reduc... | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
} |
The techniques of multicarrier transmission have many advantages, especially in the context of wired or non-wired multipath channels.
Thus, OFDM type modulations are particularly well suited to countering the effects of fading in multipath channels. However, these OFDM modulations have the drawback of generating a sign... | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
} |
The embodiments described herein relate generally to internal combustion engines and more specifically to rotary internal combustion engines. The embodiments described herein also relate generally to gas compressors and liquid pumps in the case where the engine has its shaft driven by an electric motor or engine.
Gener... | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
} |
Due to continuous increases in memory and processing power, code generation has become popular method of increasing programmer productivity. In recent years, the popularity of code generators has increased. Code generators automatically generate source-level language code (e.g., C, C#, Visual Basic, Java . . . ). Use o... | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
} |
Abrasive compounds for a glass substrate for an optical disk platter and a magnetic disk platter is an aqueous dispersion of abrasive grain containing cerium oxide obtained by calcinating and dry milling bastnaesite ore or rare earth chloride. The abrasive grain is relatively inexpensive. However, its cerium oxide cont... | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
} |
The present invention relates to circuits for driving power transistors which control the application of electricity to a load; and more particularly to such circuits which provide some degree of protection against the adverse effects of a short circuit in the load coupled to the transistor.
A recent addition to the fa... | {
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
} |
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