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Introduction {#Sec1}
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Bone is one of the most common sites of metastasis for various primary tumors including prostate, breast, lung, and kidney cancers^[@CR1],[@CR2]^. Although bone metastasis is associated with increased morbidity and mortality, promising therapy to prevent bone metastasis is currently u... | {
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1. Introduction {#sec1}
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Bladder cancer, the fourth most common tumor in men and the eighth in women, remains a huge concern for the medical community because of its incidence and prevalence rates, as well as high percentage of recurrence and progression \[[@B1]--[@B4]\]. Mortality rates in muscle-invas... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
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Introduction
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Calcitonin (CT) is a 32-amino acid peptide secreted from the parafollicular cells (C-cells) of the thyroid gland and belongs to a family of peptides including CT gene-related peptide, amylin, adrenomedullin, intermedin and CT receptor (CTR)-stimulating peptide \[[@b1]--[@b4]\]. CT is a hypoca... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
According to a 2010 orthopaedic residency program directors\' forum, the top concerns among programs include potential compromises to resident learning experience caused by work-hour restrictions and the need to identify a body of core knowledge with specific goals and expectations that all residents should meet.^[@R1]... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#Sec1}
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Despite improvement in the treatments and techniques for peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients, long-term PD leads to the decline of residual kidney function (RKF) and peritoneal membrane function (PMF), as a result of membrane or ultrafiltration (UF) failure^[@CR1],[@CR2]^. Existing epid... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disease characterized by an elevation of pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance, leading to right ventricular failure and death. Idiopathic PAH (IPAH; formerly termed primary pulmonary hypertension) occurs in the absence of known causes. Estima... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
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1. Introduction
===============
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Systems and Software Division, sponsored a Users' Forum on the Application Portability Profile (APP) and Open System Environment (OSE) at NIST in May. This forum was the fifteenth in a continuing semiannual series on the NIST AP... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
INTRODUCTION {#sec1-1}
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Periodontitis is an immuno-inflammatory disease process resulting from the interaction of a bacterial attack and host inflammatory response, causing inflammation of the supporting tissues of the teeth leading to tissue destruction and tooth loss. Arrays of molecules are considered t... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Since the discovery of graphene, two-dimensional (2D) materials with atomic thickness have drawn increased attentions in recent years that hold promise for developing next-generation high-performance electronics, optoelectronics and spintronics[@b1][@b2][@b3][@b4][@b5][@b6][@b7][@b8]. Many exotic physical and chemical ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s1}
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Most protein sequences do not have an experimentally determined structure and at least 40% do not even have a sequence homolog with a known structure [@pcbi.1002175-Bork1]. Nevertheless, the current Protein Data Bank (PDB) [@pcbi.1002175-Berman1] is thought to represent structure space ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
All relevant data are within the manuscript and its Supporting Information files.
Introduction {#sec001}
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Effective humoral immunity is contingent upon the phenomenal diversity of antibodies. In mammals, this is derived via genetic recombination of numerous variable (V), diversity (D) and joining (J) gene... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the newly identified strain of the coronavirus family severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has rapidly evolved into a worldwide pandemic and caused a public health emergency of major international concern.[@bib1], [@bib2] As a result, a profound re... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s1}
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From an architectural point of view, bacterial cells are among the simplest forms of life on the planet. Their cytoplasm is typically devoid of membrane bound organelles, and their cellular morphology relies upon a semi-rigid peptidoglycan (PG) cell wall that imposes its shape on the ma... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
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1. Introduction {#sec1-antioxidants-09-00293}
===============
The family Lamiaceae has 236 genera and about 6900 to 7200 species. *Salvia* (\~900 species) is one of the largest genera of Lamiaceae \[[@B1-antioxidants-09-00293]\]. The name derives from the Latin word "salveo", that means "to save, to heal" \[[@B2-antio... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
###### Strengths and limitations of this study
- Health workers from health facilities of all three levels in China were sampled to draw a whole picture of prevalence, correlates and reasons for workplace violence (WPV) against health workers in this study.
- This study achieved a larger sample size (4862) and a ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background
==========
Surgical resection is the standard treatment for localized non-metastatic pancreatic cancer. Data from the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) registry indicate that only about 10% of cases are able to undergo surgery with curative intent, and only a very small number of those are cu... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s1}
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Neural stem cells give rise to new neurons in the subgranular zone of the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) and the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricle throughout life. The generation of a mature neuron involves a stereotypic sequence of developmental steps including prolife... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s1}
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Opioid overdose deaths continue to increase in the United States, killing more than 42,000 people in 2016. The opioids detected in these cases, in increasing order, were methadone, natural and semi-synthetic opioids (e.g., oxycodone, hydrocodone), heroin and synthetic opioids (e.g., fen... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#Sec1}
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Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) biosensing is a label-free technique that enables biomolecule detection with nanoscale spatial resolution. Since its introduction, the technique has found a broad range of applications including studies of DNA-protein interactions \[[@CR1]\],... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
The content published in Cureus is the result of clinical experience and/or research by independent individuals or organizations. Cureus is not responsible for the scientific accuracy or reliability of data or conclusions published herein. All content published within Cureus is intended only for educational, research a... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#sec1}
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In the United States, the prevalence of hip and knee osteoarthritis has increased substantially over the last 20 years and is the greatest cause of chronic disability in older adults [@bib1], [@bib2]. Although there are measures to slow the progression of the disease, elective total j... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#s0005}
===============
Gastrointestinal parasites account for huge losses experienced by the livestock industry worldwide ([@bb0165]). While presently the major way of control and treatment of these gastrointestinal parasites depends profoundly on the utilization of conventional anthelmintics, there ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1.. Introduction {#sec1}
==================
Many recent advances in synchrotron X-ray imaging can be attributed to X-ray focusing optics (Ice *et al.*, 2011[@bb6]). These optics may operate *via* three possible principles: (i) diffraction, such as in Fresnel zone plates (Kirz, 1974[@bb10]) and multilayer Laue lenses... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Roy Choudhury S, Johns SM, Pandey S. A convenient, soil‐free method for the production of root nodules in soybean to study the effects of exogenous additives. Plant Direct. 2019;3:1--11. 10.1002/pld3.135
This manuscript was previously deposited as a preprint at preprints.org; <https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/2018... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
**Citation:** Morita T, Rahman A, Hasegawa T, Ozaki A, Tanimoto T. The potential possibility of symptom checker. Int J Health Policy Manag. 2017;6(10):615--616. doi:10.15171/ijhpm.2017.41
Dear Editor, {#s1}
============
The access to medical care is unacceptably low worldwide in spite of the increasing demand for med... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files.
Introduction {#sec001}
============
The regulation of cell growth is fundamentally important for a wide range of biological processes \[reviewed in [@pgen.1006154.ref001], [@pgen.1006154.ref002], [@pgen.1006154.ref003]\]. A key signal transd... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec0005}
===============
Ileorectal intussusception is a rare condition in adults in which the distal ileum, caecum, variable lengths of ascending and transverse colon, and associated mesentery invaginate into the rectum. Case reports on this rare condition in the adult population are limited [@bib00... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s1}
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Due to advances in operation techniques and novel treatments (targeted therapy and PD-L1 immunotherapy) for patients with non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), the prognosis of NSCLC is improved. However, the 5-years survival rate of NSCLC patients is still \<20% and NSCLC remains a ma... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Many factors, including professional and personal relationships and activities, can influence the design, conduct, and reporting of the clinical science that informs health care decision. The potential for conflict of interest exists when these relationships and activities may bias judgement.[@B1] Many stakeholders---e... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
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Introduction
============
As the second leading cause of death after heart disease,[@b1-ott-11-5397] cancer includes a group of diseases characterized by irregular cell division and proliferation. Lung cancer is the most deadly type.[@b2-ott-11-5397] The main reason behind the dismal survival statistics is that most l... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Gravity is a relentless fact of life on Earth. With each change in posture, the vector of all hydrostatic pressure gradients is altered, and regional pressures affected. Due to the elongated shape of the human body, our cardiovascular system is particularly sensitive and when upright gravity reduces cardiac output by r... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#Sec1}
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Public health ethics is seen from the view of communities and populations. The ethical considerations related to forced quarantine *i*mpinges on the rights of individuals to protect the wellbeing of the greater public, in an effort to curb an epidemic, a pandemic or to ensure that nei... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background {#Sec1}
==========
Approximately 20% of human breast cancers possess an amplification of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), and this overexpression was previously correlated with aggressive tumor behavior and poor patient outcomes \[[@CR1]\]. HER2 (ErbB2, or HER2/neu) is a member of the HER ty... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
INTRODUCTION
============
Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world. In Korea, the incidence of colorectal cancer has been increasing since 2000, as the lifestyle has become westernized. Accordingly, the number of colorectal cancer surgeries has also increased precipitously \[[@B1]\].
... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1-materials-10-00304}
===============
Controlled drug-delivery systems were designed to deliver drugs at desirable times and/or to specific sites for achieving a therapeutic purpose \[[@B1-materials-10-00304]\]. For developing drug-delivery carriers, the major challenges were preparation of a suit... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
We seek to define the gene regulatory networks that govern heart development and disease. Recently, we discovered that the hearts of neonatal mice can fully regenerate after partial surgical resection or myocardial infarction, but this capacity is lost early in life. We are currently exploring the molecular underpinnin... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
**Purpose:** Currently, the outcomes of aesthetic facial treatments are limited to patient-reported satisfaction and patient, clinician, or observer rating scales. These assessments are highly subjective and incapable of evaluating skin function and structure below the superficial epidermis. The purpose of this study w... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1-nutrients-12-01872}
===============
Cerebrovascular diseases, such as stroke, and heart diseases, including angina pectoris and myocardial infarction, are the leading causes of death worldwide. Even for patients who recover, a major economic burden is placed on both the patient and society, as p... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1}
===============
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by the excessive accumulation of hepatic lipid and hepatic steatosis in the absence of alcoholism \[[@B1]\]. It is emerging as the most common cause of liver diseases, with a global prevalence of 25% approximately. More i... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
There is a growing appreciation for the neurodevelopmental underpinnings of many psychiatric disorders. While the importance of the growth and structuring of the brain has long been recognized for disorders that begin in childhood such as autism, language disorders or mental retardation, ther... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
I[NTRODUCTION]{.smallcaps} {#sec1-1}
==========================
Diabetes, a global escalating public health problem, primarily because of the increasing prevalence, is estimated to affect 285 million individuals worldwide\[[@ref1]\] (Approximately 90% have type 2 diabetes mellitus) and causes hundreds of billions of d... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
Visual categorization allows us to effortlessly interpret a wide range of sensory information into a limited number of meaningful categories. This process enables the efficient response to novel stimuli and is the foundation for visual perception and memory. Though initial category learning a... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
All relevant data are within the paper.
Introduction {#sec001}
============
Obligate intracellular bacteria exclusively replicate inside the cells of their host and they are predominantly transmitted through mother-offspring relationships \[[@pone.0128660.ref001]\]. As a consequence, some endosymbionts have adopted a... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#Sec1}
============
Multiple sclerosis (MS) treatment has evolved tremendously over the last two decades. Whereas a patient diagnosed with MS 30 years ago had very little hope of a future without severe neurological disability, most patients who receive the diagnosis now have access to a variety of pharm... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#Sec1}
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Overuse injuries of the lower limb associated with intensive weight bearing exercise are a significant problem for athletes and military recruits, with estimated incidence of running-related injuries reported to range from 20% to 79% \[[@CR1]\]. Lower limb overuse injuries are general... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background {#Sec1}
==========
At present, lung transplantation is still the best treatment for end-stage lung disease. Chronic rejection, the pathological manifestation of which appears as bronchiolitis obliterans (BO), also known as bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS), is the main factor affecting the long-term s... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1-ijms-21-03165}
===============
Diabetes is a serious, long-term condition with a major impact on the lives and well-being of individuals, families, and societies worldwide. The global diabetes prevalence in 2019 is estimated to be 9.3% (463 million people), rising to 10.2% (578 million) by 2030 ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1}
===============
*Nocardia* is a genus belonging to the aerobic actinomycetes group of bacteria which are Gram-positive bacilli and showing branching filamentous forms \[[@B1]\]. They are saprophytic ubiquitous bacteria which can be found in several environments such as fresh water and saltwater... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
[^1]: Chun-yang Xu, Sheng-dong Lu. These authors contributed equally to this work
| {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
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Rajendran K, Krishnasamy N, Rangarajan J, Rathinam J, Natarajan M, Ramachandran A. Convalescent plasma transfusion for the treatment of COVID‐19: Systematic review. J Med Virol. 2020;1--9. 10.1002/jmv.25961 31502247
1. INTRODUCTION {#jmv25961-sec-0010}
===============
The recent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) ep... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
All sequence files are available from the GenBank database (accession numbers KT804429-42).
Introduction {#sec001}
============
*Leptospira* spp. are helical-shaped bacteria and form a particular group of causative agents for the zoonotic disease Leptospirosis. *Leptospira* spp. are transmitted through infected urine... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
All relevant data are within the paper.
Introduction {#sec006}
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Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative process that leads to the selective loss of dopaminergic neurons, mainly in the basal ganglia of the brain. Clinical manifestations include movement alterations as well as non-motor symptoms, su... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background
==========
This case highlights the management of a rare complication of a condition, which is usually benign.
Case presentation
=================
In 2007, a 22-year-old female university student, presented to a local hospital with severe epigastric pain and vomiting. As her amylase level was significantl... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1}
===============
Severe, acute salicylate toxicity remains a common presentation to the Emergency Department (ED) and is associated with a significant degree of mortality \[[@B1]\]. In its unionized form, salicylate can move across cell membranes into tissues to exert toxic effects. In the prese... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s1}
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Growth hormone (**GH**) deficiency (**GHD**) can be congenital or acquired. The incidence of congenital GHD has been assessed at from 1/4000 to 1/10 000 [@pone.0016367-Sizonenko1], [@pone.0016367-Vimpani1], [@pone.0016367-Bao1], [@pone.0016367-Lindsay1]. The pituitary stalk interruption... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
HTLV-1 infection of humanized NOG mice has been demonstrated to recapitulate the development of ATL-like symptoms within several months of infection. Infected human T-cells in these mice start to proliferate vigorously in a couple weeks after infection and the mice die of ALT-like lymphoproliferative disorder. Thus, th... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Tse G, Gong M, Li CKH, et al. T~peak~‐T~end~, T~peak~‐T~end~/QT ratio and T~peak~‐T~end~ dispersion for risk stratification in Brugada Syndrome: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. J Arrhythmia. 2018;34:587--597. 10.1002/joa3.12118
1. INTRODUCTION {#joa312118-sec-0005}
===============
Brugada syndrome is a used to... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Studies using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),^[@bibr6-2325967114550274],[@bibr7-2325967114550274],[@bibr11-2325967114550274],[@bibr26-2325967114550274]^ computed tomography,^[@bibr21-2325967114550274]^ and ultrasonography^[@bibr25-2325967114550274]^ have shown that the semitendinosus (ST) tendon can regenerate after ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background {#Sec1}
==========
Complementary feeding practice is a noteworthy factor that determines the nutritional status of children. The transition period from exclusive breastfeeding to 2 years is a critical window for optimal growth and development of the child. During this period, appropriate, safe, adequately n... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
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Introduction {#s1}
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Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1, OMIM no. 160900) is an autosomal dominant repeat expansion disorder, affecting skeletal and smooth muscle as well as the heart, the endocrine system, the eye and the central nervous system ([@DDW042C1]). The multisystemic manifestation and progression of ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1-nutrients-12-01609}
===============
Cardiovascular (CV) disease is the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) \[[@B1-nutrients-12-01609],[@B2-nutrients-12-01609]\].
The high CV risk may be due, at least in part, to the excess of vascular calci... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
INTRODUCTION
============
The World Health Organization describes the healthcare waste as discarded, untreated materials from healthcare activities, which have the potential of transmitting infectious agents to humans \[[@R1]\]. Dental instruments and materials are exposed to blood and saliva during various dental pro... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1}
===============
Liver X receptors (LXRs) were originally identified as ligand-dependent transcriptional activators that induce target genes involved in lipid metabolism. The subfamily consists of two isoforms: LXR*α* and LXR*β*. Gene transcription is modulated by LXRs, which heterodimerize with... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s1}
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In July 2014, the University of Hawai'i hosted the First Island Biology Symposium, where nearly 450 island biologists from all over the world and from very different island biology subdisciplines (Island Biogeography, Phylogeography, Ecology, Palaeoecology, Conservation Biology, etc.) j... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
*Erysipelothrix* are gram-positive, rod-shaped, facultative anaerobic bacteria. Based on phylogenetic relatedness, *Erysipelothrix* spp. can be categorized into *Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae* (serovars 1a, 1b, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 11, 12, 15, 16, 17, 19, 21, and N), *Erysipelothrix tonsilarium* ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
INTRODUCTION
============
The PhD (doctor of philosophy) pathway is full of highs and lows, and should terminate with a valuable contribution to knowledge. During this pathway, one should demonstrate one's ability to conduct independently scholarly research, and the ability to solve research problems to reach the "Cin... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
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Introduction
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Trust in the doctor and the healthcare system is important for patient satisfaction, compliance and partnership towards successful aging and better disease management. [@b53-cia-0102-175] defined trust as "one's willingness to rely on another's actions in a situation involving the risk of opp... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
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Introduction {#s1}
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The magnitude of linkage disequilibrium (LD) can be used to estimate effective population size [@pone.0069078-Sved1]--[@pone.0069078-Waples1]. In general, low populations sizes are expected to give rise to relatively high levels of LD, and similarly high population sizes to low LD level... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
(J Am Heart Assoc. 2016;5:e003524 doi: [10.1161/JAHA.116.003524](10.1161/JAHA.116.003524))
Introduction {#jah31684-sec-0005}
============
Autonomic dysfunction is a typical phenomenon in patients with chronic heart failure (HF).[1](#jah31684-bib-0001){ref-type="ref"} Measures of more advanced autonomic dysfunction ar... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
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![](brforeignmcrev73156-01... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
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1. Cachexia as an Energy-Wasting Syndrome {#sec1}
=========================================
Cachexia, from the Greek: "*kakos*" and "*hexis*," meaning "bad condition," is a multiorgan syndrome associated with cancer and other systemic diseases such as sepsis and renal failure and characterized by at least 5% body weig... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s1}
============
Patients with psoriasis have increased prevalence of classical coronary risk factors, including hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and diabetes mellitus and increased risk of cardiovascular disease, e.g., myocardial infarction and stroke [@pone.0036342-Wakkee1], [@pone.0036342-Azfar1],... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
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INTRODUCTION {#sec1-1}
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Robot-assisted minimally invasive surgery (RAS-MIS) allows less experienced laparoscopic surgeons to perform higher quality operative procedures.\[[@ref1][@ref2]\] These techniques result in a shorter hospital stay and recovery time, reduced blood loss, and fewer complications compa... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
INTRODUCTION
============
Proper sedation is an important component in the care of critically ill patients requiring mechanical ventilation. Deep sedation levels are associated with several negative outcomes, such as increased time on mechanical ventilation,^([@r1])^ delirium,^([@r2])^ memory disturbances,^([@r3])^ an... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
Proteases are a large group of enzymes that can cleave proteins during a multitude of physiological reactions in all organisms ([@bib28]). A unique group of cysteine proteases called caspases functions to execute the apoptotic cell death program ([@bib69]; [@bib60]; [@bib57]). Caspases are sy... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s1}
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Immunoglobulins (Ig) are glycoproteins produced exclusively by activated B-lymphocytes and plasma cells that mediate humoral response against pathogens. Each B-cell clone presents an antigen-specific membrane-bound immunoglobulin that, together with CD79A and CD79B molecules, comprise t... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files.
Introduction {#sec001}
============
Primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) is a chronic and progressive eye disease characterized by loss of retinal ganglion cells, thinning of the retinal nerve fiber layer, and subsequent visual field loss. If ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Prostate cancer (CaP) is the second most common malignancy in men worldwide, with 910 000 new cases diagnosed in 2008 ([@bib7]). CaP has a predilection to metastasise to the bone marrow stroma (BMS), and development of CaP bone metastases almost invariably result in CaP-related mortality ([@bib9]). The metastatic proce... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#S0001}
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Low birth weight (LBW) is considered as birth weight less than 2500gm and in Bangladesh, 45% child born with LBW \[[@CIT0001], [@CIT0002]\]. It has been speculated that low birth weight predisposes children to a high risk of diabetes, heart diseases and other chronic conditions later... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
*Bioscience Reports* (2019); <https://doi.org/10.1042/BSR20182466>
The authors are retracting their accepted manuscript "MicroRNA-367 promotes progression of hepatocellular carcinoma through PTEN/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway" at the request of the corresponding author and Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital, in conjunction ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
The term small for gestational age (SGA) is used to describe a neonate who is smaller than average after adjusting for sex and gestational age (GA). SGA infants usually have a birth weight below the 10th percentile for GA \[[@b1-apem-2019-24-4-226]\]. Some infants born SGA, particularly due t... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1}
===============
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the site of synthesis, maturation, folding, and oligomerization of newly synthesized proteins, such as secretory and membrane proteins. Moreover, the ER plays a key role in protein homeostasis. The folding process is regulated by a group of prot... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
The melting temperatures of lower mantle minerals are fundamental properties for understanding the evolution of the Earth from an early magma-ocean state to now, and for understanding the likelihood of melting in the current deep Earth (i.e., in Ultra Low Velocity Zones, ULVZs). Orthorhombic MgSiO~3~ perovskite (now br... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s1}
============
It has long been known that cancer cells hijack cellular programs that regulate survival, growth and proliferation, leading to tumor formation and progression. The best-known causes of malignant transformation are the genetic and epigenetic changes that induce stem-cell-like properties,... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
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| {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background
==========
Ischemia is a condition of poor oxygen supply to the tissues; prolonged ischemia and subsequent reperfusion causes severe irreversible damage to the myocardium \[[@b1-medscimonit-22-1250],[@b2-medscimonit-22-1250]\]. Consequences of myocardial ischemia reperfusion (MI/R) injury include thrombolys... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
######
Key Messages
CPRD data have been extensively used for observational research. For example, the data were used to show that there was no association between MMR vaccine and autism, and to show an association between oral corticosteroid use and increased risk of fractures.The CPRD has a large UK dataset bringin... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
The authors confirm that all data underlying the findings are fully available without restriction. The toolbox and the scripts to generate all simulated data are available at this address: <http://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.1005245>; the cardiovascular data are included in the toolbox package; the epilepsy data are... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
**To the Editor**I read the article of Yatsu et al. with great interest ([@B1]). Hypoalbuminemia is key to understanding cardiac cachexia and malnutrition, which are closely associated with a poor outcome in heart failure patients. However, I have two concerns regarding their article.
First, they used a serum albumin ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
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