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Published: July 5, 2018
Introduction {#sec1}
============
The small GTPase RAS family proteins (KRAS, NRAS, and HRAS) are controlled through the exchange of the GDP-bound form for the GTP-bound one, which then allows RAS to bind various effectors, such as RAF, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), and RALGDS ([@bib6], [@... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is among the issues that affect individual lives and almost can be said all the individuals in society are at equal risk. In 2004, 11000 cases have been diagnosed in United States of America with this condition. SCI is one of the most serious clinical diseases and its... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1}
===============
The prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD) is growing rapidly nowadays, which makes it the leading cause of death in many developed and developing countries. CAD is responsible for 17.7 million deaths, which account for 31% of all global deaths every year. In China, the ove... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#section1-2324709618757259}
============
Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TTC), also called "broken heart syndrome," "transient apical ballooning," and "stress cardiomyopathy," is an acute cardiac syndrome that mimics myocardial infarction and characterized by transient cardiac wall motion abnormalities. This o... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
INTRODUCTION
============
Recent studies have demonstrated that the resting membrane conductance (*G~M~*) of skeletal muscle is highly regulated during repetitive firing of short trains of action potentials (APs) that replicate excitation patterns occurring during activity in skeletal muscle ([@bib30],[@bib31]). In fa... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
Kidney cancer is a common malignant illness [@B1]. Around 90% pathological type of renal cancers is renal cell carcinoma (RCC), majority of which are subtyped as clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) [@B2]. Based on the size and metastasis of tumor, the degree of invasion external of the ki... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
**A**SUM would like to draw your attention to recent research conducted by the University of London and the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium, published in the November 2011 issue of *Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynaecology*.
The studies suggest that given inter‐observer variability in ultrasound measurements a... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1-nutrients-10-00274}
===============
Humans are holobionts, a complex ecosystem of host-derived cells together with transient and stable microbial symbionts \[[@B1-nutrients-10-00274]\]. A typical human body contains up to 100 trillion microorganisms, equivalent to \~10 times the total number of ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#S0001}
============
The circadian system adjusts physiology and behaviour to the varied demands of the day--night cycle (Czeisler et al. [1999](#CIT0006); Wright et al. [2001](#CIT0040); Roenneberg et al. [2003a](#CIT0026)). To ensure synchrony with the astronomical day, the circadian system entrains to... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s1}
============
Chargaff\'s first parity rule based on the nucleotide composition of double-stranded DNA states that the complementary nucleotides have the same abundance values.^[@DSP021C1],[@DSP021C2]^ This is explained by the DNA double-helix model in which A pairs only with T and G pairs only with ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction
===============
Cholelithiasis is a major health problem easily encountered in clinics and 120,000 Koreans visited the hospital for gallstone diseases in 2012 with an annual increase rate of 7.3% from 2007 to 2012. Health burden related to cholelithiasis in Korea has been great with costs of nearly \$1... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Index
=====
1. Introduction to Cholesterol-Based Compounds
1
2. Drug Delivery Applications..............................................................................
3
3. Anticancer, Antimicrobial, and Antioxidant Compounds.......................................
15
4. Cholesterol-Based Liquid Crystals........... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#sec1}
============
Several recent papers have highlighted the importance of the gut microbiome and its potential role in the human body in functions such as immune response, physiology, and metabolism.^[@ref1]−[@ref6]^ Imbalance in the gut microbiota, also known as dysbiosis, has been linked to various ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
INTRODUCTION {#sec1_1}
============
Diarrhoeal disease causes an estimated 1.8 million deaths per year ([@B1]). Despite evidence of reduction in mortality over the last 50 years ([@B2],[@B3]), diarrhoeal disease continues to be a major killer of children aged less than five years and a principal cause of morbidity for... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
Botulinum toxins have been used for over 20 years for aesthetic procedures to improve the appearance of the face.[@b1-ccid-5-053],[@b2-ccid-5-053] Botulinum toxin type A injections are the most common nonsurgical procedures performed in the US with almost 2.5 million procedures carried out in... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#Sec1}
============
A large number of studies have focused on subjective well-being[1](#Fn1){ref-type="fn"} (see Diener [@CR14]; Helliwell [@CR25]; Kahneman et al. [@CR30]), and many have found that married people have higher subjective well-being (Mikucka [@CR49]; Stutzer and Frey [@CR71]; Waite and Gal... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1-molecules-23-00890}
===============
As an important predecessor of submicron particles (PM2.5) and ozone pollution in the atmosphere, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from industrial manufacturing have received increasing attention in recent years \[[@B1-molecules-23-00890],[@B2-molecul... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
All relevant data are within the paper.
Introduction {#sec005}
============
Acute airway infections are common causes of early childhood hospitalization. Among these infections, acute bronchiolitis is a viral infection commonly encountered in infants and toddlers with acute symptoms of wheezy cough and dyspnea \[[@po... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1}
===============
With the increase in life expectancy, there is, proportionately, a dramatic increase in age-related health conditions including, in particular, eye diseases. Among all the eye pathologies, diabetic retinopathy (DR) is currently one of the leading causes of blindness in the worki... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction
===============
The ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) acts as a vehicle for cellular cholesterol which after crossing cell membrane bounds to acceptor molecule such as apolipoprotein (apo) A \[[@B1]-[@B3]\]. Thus, ABCA1 influences the initial steps in high density lipoprotein (HDL) formation ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
To the Editor,
I read with great interest the paper by Temiz et al. ([@ref1]) entitled "Effects of cinacalcet treatment on QT interval in hemodialysis patients" published as Epub ahead of print for The Anatolian Journal of Cardiology 2015. They aimed to evaluate the effects of a calcimimetic drug (cinacalcet) on corre... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1-micromachines-11-00622}
===============
The limitations of traditional computer architectures have become explicit as the industry reaches to the end of Dennard scaling \[[@B1-micromachines-11-00622]\] and Moore's law \[[@B2-micromachines-11-00622]\] where the data movement is dominated over bot... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Research in contextEvidence before this studyEar and mastoid disease is a common disease, which demands early and appropriate diagnosis with otoscopy or otoendoscopy, but is not trivial in local clinics and the diagnosis rate even by otolaryngologists using ear images show an unsatisfactory accuracy, as low as 73%. So ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background {#Sec1}
==========
Fasciolosis is a zoonotic parasitic disease caused by infection with the digenetic trematode flukes of the genus *Fasciola*. While *Fasciola hepatica* is prevalent in temperate regions, *F. gigantica* is more widespread in Africa and Asia \[[@CR1], [@CR2]\]. Migration of these flukes insi... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
All sequences were deposited in GenBank Sequence Read Archives ([www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov)) under accession number SRP001226. All environmental metadata are available in S1 Table.
Introduction {#sec001}
============
Globally, over a quarter-million square kilometers of marine ecosystems are t... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Background {#sec1}
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A woman\'s probability of death due to pregnancy is unacceptably high in low and middle‐income countries than in high‐income countries \[[@B1]\]. It is estimated that nearly 30 million women in Africa become pregnant each year and about 250,000 of them die from pregnancy and childbi... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1.. Introduction
================
Polyaniline (PANI) has been used in the fabrication of various types of enzyme-based biosensors because of its porous structure, as well as its adequate conductivity and thermal stability \[[@b1-sensors-09-04635]-[@b6-sensors-09-04635]\]. To stabilize the immobilized enzyme in the mat... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1-molecules-23-01525}
===============
*Hedyotis diffuse* Willd. (HD) is a well-known Chinese folk-medicine with a spectrum of pharmacological activities, including anti-cancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-fibroblast, immunomodulatory and neuroprotective effects, especially the anti-cancer... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
{
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} | |
Tunçalp Ӧ, Were WM, MacLennan C, Oladapo OT, Gülmezoglu AM, Bahl R, Daelmans B, Mathai M, Say L, Kristensen F, Temmerman M, Bustreo F. Quality of care for pregnant women and newborns---the WHO vision. BJOG 2015;122:1045--1049.25929823
In any reproduction of this article there should not be any suggestion that WHO or t... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
Background
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Hypertension, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia are the global leading risks of cardiovascular mortality \[[@ref1]-[@ref3]\]. Health behaviors such as engaging in exercise, balanced diet, and weight control reduce one's risk of cardiovascular mortality. Therefore, in a... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
We read with interest the recent paper by Wang et al. \[[@B1]\]. Authors analyzed the results of the published literature where Chinese herbs were used as osteoporosis therapy (as measured by BMD). And authors concluded that Chinese herbs have merits in improving lumbar spine BMD as compared to the placebo or other sta... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s1}
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The Chilean population is rapidly ageing due to a process of fast demographic transition in the second half of the twentieth century ([@R19]). Further understanding of possible influences on health in later life, including mental health, is therefore important particularly as the preval... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
{.601}
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"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Arthur Amman, President of Global Strategies for HIV Prevention ( <http://www.globalstrategies.org>), tells this story: "I recently met a physician from southern Africa, engaged in perinatal HIV prevention, whose primary access to information was abstracts posted on the Internet. Based on a single abstract, they had al... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#sec1_1}
============
Parsonage-Turner syndrome (PTS), also known as neuralgic amyotrophy or acute brachial plexus neuritis, is a disorder characterized by the sudden appearance of severe shoulder pain, usually unilateral, followed a few days to a week later by progressive motor weakness. At times, some ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
INTRODUCTION {#s1}
============
Biological responses to radiation are induced in irradiated cells mainly as a result of DNA damage. However, many studies indicate that biological responses to radiation are not always limited to the irradiated cells but can be induced in neighboring unirradiated 'bystander' cells. This... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
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"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
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1. Introduction {#sec1}
===============
In 2010 there were estimated 70,530 new cases of bladder cancer in the United States, and over 500,000 current survivors \[[@B1], [@B2]\]. The standard of care in the United States for muscle-invasive bladder cancer is radical cystoprostatectomy for men and anterior exenteration... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
The content published in Cureus is the result of clinical experience and/or research by independent individuals or organizations. Cureus is not responsible for the scientific accuracy or reliability of data or conclusions published herein. All content published within Cureus is intended only for educational, research a... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Despite the significant progress in structure determination of membrane transporters, elucidating the dynamics of substrate movement through a transporter or a channel has remained a challenge ([@bib11]; [@bib23]). Crystal structures provide a static snapshot of the membrane transporter, but the substantial conformatio... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
The left atrium (LA) serves three major roles in maintaining left ventricular (LV) filling and overall cardiovascular performance: a reservoir that stores pulmonary venous return during LV contraction \[[@r11]\], a conduit that continues to passively transfer pulmonary venous flow during LV diastole, and a booster pump... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Symptomatic patients {#s1}
====================
Background {#s1a}
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Patients are traditionally considered 'recently symptomatic' if they have suffered a carotid territory transient ischaemic attack or stroke within the preceding 6 months. In the 1980s, there was controversy as to whether carotid endarterecto... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#sec1-1}
============
Thrombosis of the cerebral venous sinuses (CVT) has been described in adults and children with nephrotic syndrome.\[[@ref1][@ref2]\] Acute post-infectious glomerulonephritis (APIGN), the prototype of acute nephritic syndrome is not reported to increase the risk for venous thrombosis... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1-sensors-20-02144}
===============
In the 4th industrial revolution, Structural Health Monitoring(SHM) is becoming a hot issue in the construction industry \[[@B1-sensors-20-02144],[@B2-sensors-20-02144]\] in which nondestructive evaluation and serviceability monitoring are essential features. No... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
WAN files are available from the <https://figshare.com/s/5297ddc238766def6afc> database. Wireless data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files.
Introduction {#sec001}
============
Vehicular cloud computing is a promising paradigm that aims at merging mobile cloud computing and vehicular networking, ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
###### Article summary
Strengths and limitations of this study
=======================================
- This study protocol is based on well-established methodological standards.
- While great efforts were made to ensure inclusion of the most relevant predictors of panic-like anxiety, it is possible that some u... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#Sec1}
============
There were an estimated 65,500 new cases of ovarian cancer in 2012 in Europe with 42,700 deaths^[@CR1]^. It ranks fifth as the cause of cancer death in women and is the most deadly gynecological cancer due to late stage diagnosis^[@CR2]^. Ovarian cancer is not a single disease, but a ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
INTRODUCTION {#sec1-1}
============
In an era of increased complexity and escalating costs of clinical research, a focus on personalized medicine and patient empowerment, drug development is undergoing a metamorphosis. Typically, when a clinical trial is conducted, clinicians and patients collaborate with the sponsor ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#sec1}
============
The minute pirate bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Anthocoridae) comprise 500 to 600 species of Heteroptera worldwide. These insects are important as natural members of the predatory fauna ([@bibr17]) and as biological control agents in many agroecosystems ([@bibr31]; [@bibr34]; [@bibr36... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
INTRODUCTION {#sec1}
============
Invasive cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is a well-recognized complication following solid organ transplant; however CMV is infrequently reported to cause significant small bowel pathology. Most commonly CMV manifests as a viral syndrome with fever and neutropenia, with common gastroint... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
INTRODUCTION {#s1}
============
Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer death among females worldwide \[[@R1]\]. Accumulating publications have reported that genetic factors play important roles in the pathogenesis of both sporadic and familial breast cancer \[[@R2]--[@R6]... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1}
===============
Amyloid aggregates formed by misfolded intrinsically disordered proteins are implicated in many diseases \[[@B1]\]. Here, we focus on human islet amyloid polypeptides (hIAPPs) that aggregate into parallel *β*-sheets upon the interaction with membrane surfaces \[[@B2]--[@B4]\]. T... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
**Core tip:** Always review a peripheral blood film in all cases of multiple myeloma and be aware of an entity called plasma cell leukemia, a rare and aggressive form of leukemia.
INTRODUCTION
============
Primary plasma cell leukemia (pPCL) is a malignant plasma cell disorder characterized by the presence of 2 × 10^... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
INTRODUCTION {#sec1-1}
============
Post pandemic 2009 H1N1 viral infection, multiple small epidemic outbreaks have been reported worldwide.\[[@ref1]\] Mortality up to 45% among patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) has been reported in a recent epidemic.\[[@ref2][@ref3]\] The main cause of death in patient... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background
==========
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous \~22 nt RNAs that can play important regulatory roles in a variety of biological processes. They are genome-encoded, endogenous negative regulators of translation and mRNA stability originating from long primary transcripts with local hairpin structures \[[@B1]\]... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#Sec1}
============
In recent years, there has been intense research on the microscopic interactions of energetic radiation with organic and biological relevant molecules. An important motivation is the application of radiation in medical treatment like radiation therapy and the desire to understand the ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
INTRODUCTION
============
Helping behavior has been observed throughout the animal kingdom, from social insects to primates ([@R1]). Rescue behavior observed in ants can arise in predator-prey interactions, by rescuing nestmates that have fallen into an antlion trap by digging, pulling the ant out and attacking the an... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
The article by Kweon TD et al. entitled, \"Heart rate variability as a predictor of hypotension after spinal anesthesia in hypertensive patients\" (Korean J Anesthesiol 2013 October 65(4): 317-321) contained an error in Accepted date.
**Before correction:**
Received: January 2, 2013. Revised: 1st, February 27, 2013; ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background
==========
Alcohol use has been ranked high as a risk factor for death and loss of healthy life years, as well as being a source of personal and social harm \[[@B1]-[@B3]\]. Policies and interventions exist that can reduce alcohol use, but there is still a need to understand more about why alcohol use and a... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background {#Sec1}
==========
In the past 20 years, enhanced recovery pathways (ERPs) have become increasingly integrated into most surgical fields as standard care in high income countries, as is exemplified by national priority programs \[[@CR1]--[@CR3]\], and the widespread acceptance of the Enhanced Recovery After... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background {#Sec1}
==========
Tear film (TF) is a viscous and complex trilaminar fluid composed mainly of lipids, electrolytes, proteins and water \[[@CR1]\]. Normal TF dynamics require adequate tear production, tear retention on the ocular surface and balanced tear drainage. The TF is responsible for lubrication, nut... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background {#Sec1}
==========
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been widely used as a reliable method for identifying genetic variants associated with a trait or complex disease. A high density of SNPs increases the chance of finding either a causal mutation for the trait or SNPs close enough to the mutation... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. INTRODUCTION {#sec1-1}
===============
The World Health Organization (WHO) has defined *preterm birth* as delivery before 37 completed weeks of gestation (gestational age is reported in terms of completed weeks (i.e., one never rounds gestational age up, so 36 weeks and 6 days of gestation is 36 weeks and not 37 we... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1-genes-10-00573}
===============
In monocotyledonous cereal crops, such as rice (*Oryza sativa* L.), wheat (*Triticum aestivum* L.), barley (*Hordeum vulgare* L.), and rye (*Secale cereale* L.), as well as several forage grasses, the inflorescence is characterized by bristle-like extensions, call... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are usually recommended to maintain low protein diet to slow down renal function deterioration [@B1]. It is well-recognized that progressive decline of renal function with aging is common [@B2]. However, higher protein intake can prevent protein-ener... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Background {#sec1}
=============
The toxicity of anticancer drugs to noncancer cells is an important barrier that limits the efficacy of anticancer drugs \[[@B1]\]. In addition, drug resistance of cancer cells due to mechanisms such as increased drug efflux, alteration or mutation of drug targets, alterations in DN... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s1}
============
The placental cells arising from the outer layer of the blastocyst, the trophoblast, differentiate along either the villous or extravillous pathways. Extravillous trophoblast (EVT), invade into the pregnant uterus (decidua) where they interact with maternal cells, including decidual nat... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction
===============
According to the WHO \[[@B1-molecules-16-02726]\], about 450 million people in the entire world have suffered mental, neurological, or behavioral problems at some time in their life. Extensive research on plants and their derivatives has taken place in recent years that could provide so... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
{
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} | |
INTRODUCTION {#sec1-1}
============
Indoor air pollution is one of the environmental risk factor affecting mainly the rural population of developing countries. Comparative risk assessment by WHO attributes 1.6 million premature deaths annually to indoor smoke in developing countries.\[[@CIT1]\] The range of effects du... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background
==========
In China, economic transition, urbanization, industrialization and an aging population have quickly increased the incidence and prevalence of coronary heart disease (CHD) in the past decades \[[@B1]\]. CHD has been ranked among the top three causes of death in China \[[@B2]\]. Anxiety and depress... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files.
Introduction {#sec007}
============
The nematode *Anisakis* spp. is a parasite of marine mammals that can parasitize humans when a raw or undercooked fish containing live *Anisakis* spp. L3 is consumed. Ingestion of L3 causes an acute and se... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
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"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
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Introduction {#s0005}
============
In 2017, pancreatic cancer (PC) represents 3.0% of all new cancer cases in the United States [@bb0005]. Compared to other cancers, PC is relatively rare. However, it is more common with increasing age and has an aggressive behavior with poor prognosis, resulting in an estimated 44,33... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
As with most other athletic movements, the biomechanics of baseball pitching is studied to improve performance and prevent and/or rehabilitate injury. As technology in the sports science field has developed over the past 20 years, the interest has skyrocketed in using these advancements to the benefit of athletes. The ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1-ijerph-15-01734}
===============
Poultry slaughterhouses discharge a significant volume of highly polluted wastewater, principally during the slaughtering process and the periodic washing of residual particles, which cause a significant variation in the biodegradable organic matter concentration... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#Sec1}
============
Articular cartilage is a highly specialized and resilient connective tissue that functions to distribute physiological loads to the underlying bone without developing unacceptably high stresses^[@CR1]^. Cartilage function can be altered by degenerative changes in its structure and com... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s1}
============
Food poisoning of bacterial origins is widespread and a considerable public health concern both in the US and worldwide. In the US alone, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that 9.4 million Americans contract foodborne illness each year \[[@B1]\]. Foodborne bacteri... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background
==========
Every scientific field that processes information with the aid of computers needs to maintain and preserve its technical illustrations in a machine-readable fashion for later reuse. For this, the structure of an illustration has to be decomposed into its geometric primitives. The more previous kn... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1-marinedrugs-15-00196}
===============
Under exposure of environmental ultraviolet (UV) radiation, certain living organisms have developed characteristic defense mechanisms to diminish the adverse effects of UV radiation, including DNA damage and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) \[... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background
==========
Treatment of children with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) using antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) has been a major challenge in the fight against the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), especially in resource-constrained settings. In many African countries, the shortage of human resource... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
SEVERAL STUDIES IDENTIFY that the root cause of crowding in the emergency department is "boarding of patients." ([@R1]) This prolific problem involves "holding" admitted or pending transfer patients in the emergency department, resulting in loss of precious bed capacity. A 2009 white paper ([@R2]) by the American Colle... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
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Introduction {#s1}
============
Thoracic Insufficiency Syndrome (TIS) is defined as impairment in breathing and/or postnatal lung growth due to spine and thoracic cage deformity in children who are skeletally immature ([@B1]). It is defined by abnormal respiratory function but the specific indices used to identify imp... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#S1}
============
All living organisms rely on cellular and physiological mechanisms of homeostasis in order to maintain an internal environment optimal for life and function. Mitochondria are the foundation of cellular homeostasis, *via* their multiple roles in energy production, biosynthesis, calcium r... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
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"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
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Introduction
============
Diamond-Blackfan Anemia (DBA) is a congenital disease, charactereized by a defective erythroid progenitor maturation and is associated with physical malformations.
Majority of cases are sporadic and dominant with 10% of the patients demonstrating recessive inheritance.
Mutations in the gene... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s1}
============
CCTGA has wide spectrum of structural and clinical features. The clinical presentation and prognosis of patients with CCTGA vary depending on the severity of the associated cardiac anomalies, the development of systemic ventricular dysfunction, and the development of arrhythmias. The pa... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
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1. Introduction {#sec1}
===============
CIDP was first described in the mid-1900s as a progressive motor-dominant disease causing severe weakness ([@bib4]). It was later identified as an autoimmune disorder targeting myelin sheaths rather than axons themselves due to its lack of associated muscle atrophy ([@bib4]). Wh... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
Plants have to face a broad range of invading pathogens. In response, they can deploy a large set of defense responses including constitutive pre-existing physical and chemical barriers as well as an innate immunity activated after pathogen perception ([@B68]; [@B5]). The first line of recogn... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#Sec1}
============
A severely injured extremity poses difficult decisions for the patient and the treating surgeon. The degree of soft tissue injury, neurovascular damage, bone loss, presence of other injuries, patients' general physical and psychological condition are all important factors in decision-... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#Sec1}
============
The Ebola virus continues to re-emerge in lethal outbreaks, the most recent occurring in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Africa in May 2018^[@CR1]^. As of December 11, 2018, the World Health Organization reported that the Ebola outbreak in the North Kivu and Ituri provinces of t... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
Epilepsy is a demanding neurological condition that affects many people worldwide. Selecting an appropriate antiepileptic drug (AED) is still challenging, because the selected drug should be effective, safe, and tolerable. Older generation of AEDs, such as phenobarbital and phenytoin are not ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Spins misaligned to the magnetic field relax into the field direction by transferring their energy to the environment. The relaxation rate is governed by the magnetic damping constant (α) which reveals the interaction between the spins and the environment around the spins. Though α is a material-specific value, it can ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Prolonged symptom duration and disability are common in adults hospitalized with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Characterizing return to baseline health among outpatients with milder COVID-19 illness is important for understanding the full spectrum of COVID-19--associated illness and tailoring public healt... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
INTRODUCTION
============
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) belong to a recently identified group of the large family of noncoding RNAs ([@B1]). The mature miRNA is usually 19--27 nt long and is derived from a larger precursor that folds into an imperfect stem-loop structure. The mode of action of the mature miRNA in mammalian syste... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
All relevant data are within the paper.
Introduction {#sec001}
============
Abscisic acid (ABA) is a phytohormone regulating fundamental physiological functions in plants \[[@pone.0140588.ref001], [@pone.0140588.ref002]\]. ABA is also an endogenous hormone in humans, regulating different cell responses and functions,... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction and Epidemiological Data {#sec1-ijms-21-03377}
========================================
In December 2019, the Chinese Government officially announced a severe form of pneumonia caused by a new coronavirus. It started in Wuhan, in the province of Hubei, and spread rapidly throughout China and then all o... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
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