id string | title string | context string | question string | answers sequence | prompt string | ppl_gpt2-large float64 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
56e06714231d4119001ac09f | Saint_Helena | The island of Saint Helena has a total area of 122 km2 (47 sq mi), and is composed largely of rugged terrain of volcanic origin (the last volcanic eruptions occurred about 7 million years ago). Coastal areas are covered in volcanic rock and warmer and drier than the centre. The highest point of the island is Diana's Pe... | How many square miles is Saint Helena? | {
"text": [
"47"
],
"answer_start": [
56
]
} | Context: The island of Saint Helena has a total area of 122 km2 (47 sq mi), and is composed largely of rugged terrain of volcanic origin (the last volcanic eruptions occurred about 7 million years ago). Coastal areas are covered in volcanic rock and warmer and drier than the centre. The highest point of the island is D... | 21.866457 |
572877c6ff5b5019007da266 | Labour_Party_(UK) | "New Labour" was first termed as an alternative branding for the Labour Party, dating from a conference slogan first used by the Labour Party in 1994, which was later seen in a draft manifesto published by the party in 1996, called New Labour, New Life For Britain. It was a continuation of the trend that had begun unde... | When did Labour publish a new draft manifesto? | {
"text": [
"1996"
],
"answer_start": [
219
]
} | Context: "New Labour" was first termed as an alternative branding for the Labour Party, dating from a conference slogan first used by the Labour Party in 1994, which was later seen in a draft manifesto published by the party in 1996, called New Labour, New Life For Britain. It was a continuation of the trend that had b... | 21.993383 |
570a059c6d058f1900182c75 | Houston | Though Houston is the largest city in the United States without formal zoning regulations, it has developed similarly to other Sun Belt cities because the city's land use regulations and legal covenants have played a similar role. Regulations include mandatory lot size for single-family houses and requirements that par... | What serious situation of 2008 was Houston spared? | {
"text": [
"real estate crisis"
],
"answer_start": [
656
]
} | Context: Though Houston is the largest city in the United States without formal zoning regulations, it has developed similarly to other Sun Belt cities because the city's land use regulations and legal covenants have played a similar role. Regulations include mandatory lot size for single-family houses and requirements... | 27.136642 |
5728364e4b864d1900164748 | History_of_science | The mid 20th century saw a series of studies relying to the role of science in a social context, starting from Thomas Kuhn's The Structure of Scientific Revolutions in 1962. It opened the study of science to new disciplines by suggesting that the evolution of science was in part sociologically determined and that posit... | Where did the social aspect of science originate? | {
"text": [
"Thomas Kuhn's The Structure of Scientific Revolutions in 1962"
],
"answer_start": [
111
]
} | Context: The mid 20th century saw a series of studies relying to the role of science in a social context, starting from Thomas Kuhn's The Structure of Scientific Revolutions in 1962. It opened the study of science to new disciplines by suggesting that the evolution of science was in part sociologically determined and t... | 21.721222 |
572bb84df75d5e190021feb6 | Education | Gratitude for all these resources and the determination to develop oneself would be more productive than criticism and blame because the resources are readily available and because, if you blame others, there is no need for you to do something different tomorrow or for you to change and improve. Where there is a will, ... | What do students also need occasionally before putting blame on teachers? | {
"text": [
"gratitude for the resources they have"
],
"answer_start": [
595
]
} | Context: Gratitude for all these resources and the determination to develop oneself would be more productive than criticism and blame because the resources are readily available and because, if you blame others, there is no need for you to do something different tomorrow or for you to change and improve. Where there is... | 25.360315 |
573155a6a5e9cc1400cdbea7 | Red | In Central Africa, Ndembu warriors rub themselves with red paint during celebrations. Since their culture sees the color as a symbol of life and health, sick people are also painted with it. Like most Central African cultures, the Ndembu see red as ambivalent, better than black but not as good as white. In other parts ... | What color do the Ndembu believe is better than red? | {
"text": [
"white"
],
"answer_start": [
298
]
} | Context: In Central Africa, Ndembu warriors rub themselves with red paint during celebrations. Since their culture sees the color as a symbol of life and health, sick people are also painted with it. Like most Central African cultures, the Ndembu see red as ambivalent, better than black but not as good as white. In oth... | 16.849075 |
5709595eefce8f15003a7e13 | Copper | The gates of the Temple of Jerusalem used Corinthian bronze made by depletion gilding. It was most prevalent in Alexandria, where alchemy is thought to have begun. In ancient India, copper was used in the holistic medical science Ayurveda for surgical instruments and other medical equipment. Ancient Egyptians (~2400 BC... | What metal was used to make surgical equipment in ancient India? | {
"text": [
"copper"
],
"answer_start": [
182
]
} | Context: The gates of the Temple of Jerusalem used Corinthian bronze made by depletion gilding. It was most prevalent in Alexandria, where alchemy is thought to have begun. In ancient India, copper was used in the holistic medical science Ayurveda for surgical instruments and other medical equipment. Ancient Egyptians ... | 39.860577 |
570ac9296d058f19001830f7 | Aircraft_carrier | The development of flattop vessels produced the first large fleet ships. In 1918, HMS Argus became the world's first carrier capable of launching and recovering naval aircraft. As a result of the Washington Naval Treaty of 1922, which limited the construction of new heavy surface combat ships, most early aircraft carri... | What was the world's first carrier capable of launching and recovering naval aircraft? | {
"text": [
"HMS Argus"
],
"answer_start": [
82
]
} | Context: The development of flattop vessels produced the first large fleet ships. In 1918, HMS Argus became the world's first carrier capable of launching and recovering naval aircraft. As a result of the Washington Naval Treaty of 1922, which limited the construction of new heavy surface combat ships, most early aircr... | 19.0858 |
56ddd9ea66d3e219004dad25 | Wayback_Machine | In 2013–14 a pornographic actor was trying to remove archived images of himself, first by sending multiple DMCA requests to the Archive and then in the Federal Court of Canada. | What legal system did the actor use after filing DMCA petitions? | {
"text": [
"Federal Court of Canada"
],
"answer_start": [
152
]
} | Context: In 2013–14 a pornographic actor was trying to remove archived images of himself, first by sending multiple DMCA requests to the Archive and then in the Federal Court of Canada.
Question: What legal system did the actor use after filing DMCA petitions?
Answer: Federal Court of Canada<|endoftext|> | 35.483791 |
570d6bb6b3d812140066d8c4 | Valencia | Balansiyya had a rebirth of sorts with the beginning of the Taifa of Valencia kingdom in the 11th century. The town grew, and during the reign of Abd al-Aziz a new city wall was built, remains of which are preserved throughout the Old City (Ciutat Vella) today. The Castilian nobleman Rodrigo Diaz de Vivar, known as El ... | When did El Cid rule? | {
"text": [
"15 June 1094 to July 1099"
],
"answer_start": [
606
]
} | Context: Balansiyya had a rebirth of sorts with the beginning of the Taifa of Valencia kingdom in the 11th century. The town grew, and during the reign of Abd al-Aziz a new city wall was built, remains of which are preserved throughout the Old City (Ciutat Vella) today. The Castilian nobleman Rodrigo Diaz de Vivar, kno... | 18.554605 |
5726a3d5708984140094ccad | Mexico_City | Mexico City is served by Mexico City International Airport (IATA Airport Code: MEX). This airport is Latin America's second busiest and one of the largests in traffic, with daily flights to United States and Canada, mainland Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean, South America, Europe and Asia. Aeroméxico (Skyteam)... | What is the name of the major airport in Mexico City? | {
"text": [
"Mexico City International Airport"
],
"answer_start": [
25
]
} | Context: Mexico City is served by Mexico City International Airport (IATA Airport Code: MEX). This airport is Latin America's second busiest and one of the largests in traffic, with daily flights to United States and Canada, mainland Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean, South America, Europe and Asia. Aeroméxico ... | 14.047151 |
5726e664dd62a815002e945d | Madonna_(entertainer) | "4 Minutes" was released as the album's lead single and peaked at number three on the Billboard Hot 100. It was Madonna's 37th top-ten hit on the chart—it pushed Madonna past Elvis Presley as the artist with the most top-ten hits. In the UK she retained her record for the most number-one singles for a female artist; "4... | What is the name of the first tour with Live Nation? | {
"text": [
"Sticky & Sweet Tour"
],
"answer_start": [
569
]
} | Context: "4 Minutes" was released as the album's lead single and peaked at number three on the Billboard Hot 100. It was Madonna's 37th top-ten hit on the chart—it pushed Madonna past Elvis Presley as the artist with the most top-ten hits. In the UK she retained her record for the most number-one singles for a female a... | 14.299887 |
570ae2e74103511400d59ac1 | Mesozoic | The Triassic was generally dry, a trend that began in the late Carboniferous, and highly seasonal, especially in the interior of Pangaea. Low sea levels may have also exacerbated temperature extremes. With its high specific heat capacity, water acts as a temperature-stabilizing heat reservoir, and land areas near large... | What could have made temperatures more extreme? | {
"text": [
"Low sea levels"
],
"answer_start": [
138
]
} | Context: The Triassic was generally dry, a trend that began in the late Carboniferous, and highly seasonal, especially in the interior of Pangaea. Low sea levels may have also exacerbated temperature extremes. With its high specific heat capacity, water acts as a temperature-stabilizing heat reservoir, and land areas n... | 24.172035 |
56f8935baef23719006261d2 | Gene | The concept of a gene continues to be refined as new phenomena are discovered. For example, regulatory regions of a gene can be far removed from its coding regions, and coding regions can be split into several exons. Some viruses store their genome in RNA instead of DNA and some gene products are functional non-coding ... | What is a broad, modern working definition of a gene? | {
"text": [
"any discrete locus of heritable, genomic sequence which affect an organism's traits by being expressed as a functional product"
],
"answer_start": [
385
]
} | Context: The concept of a gene continues to be refined as new phenomena are discovered. For example, regulatory regions of a gene can be far removed from its coding regions, and coding regions can be split into several exons. Some viruses store their genome in RNA instead of DNA and some gene products are functional no... | 13.791202 |
572966243f37b31900478333 | Green | In the subtractive color system, used in painting and color printing, green is created by a combination of yellow and blue, or yellow and cyan; in the RGB color model, used on television and computer screens, it is one of the additive primary colors, along with red and blue, which are mixed in different combinations to... | In which color system is green created by combining yellow and blue? | {
"text": [
"subtractive"
],
"answer_start": [
7
]
} | Context: In the subtractive color system, used in painting and color printing, green is created by a combination of yellow and blue, or yellow and cyan; in the RGB color model, used on television and computer screens, it is one of the additive primary colors, along with red and blue, which are mixed in different combin... | 13.349097 |
572fbd3fa23a5019007fc932 | Armenia | International observers of Council of Europe and US Department of State have questioned the fairness of Armenia's parliamentary and presidential elections and constitutional referendum since 1995, citing polling deficiencies, lack of cooperation by the Electoral Commission, and poor maintenance of electoral lists and p... | What makes Armenia's presidential elections faulty? | {
"text": [
"polling deficiencies, lack of cooperation by the Electoral Commission, and poor maintenance of electoral lists and polling places"
],
"answer_start": [
204
]
} | Context: International observers of Council of Europe and US Department of State have questioned the fairness of Armenia's parliamentary and presidential elections and constitutional referendum since 1995, citing polling deficiencies, lack of cooperation by the Electoral Commission, and poor maintenance of electoral li... | 20.120985 |
5727f3593acd2414000df0b0 | Northwestern_University | In the fall of 2014, among the six undergraduate schools, 40.6% of undergraduate students are enrolled in the Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences, 21.3% in the McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science, 14.3% in the School of Communication, 11.7% in the Medill School of Journalism, 5.7% in the Bienen School... | In the fall of 2014, which school did 21.3% of undergraduates enroll in? | {
"text": [
"McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science"
],
"answer_start": [
162
]
} | Context: In the fall of 2014, among the six undergraduate schools, 40.6% of undergraduate students are enrolled in the Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences, 21.3% in the McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science, 14.3% in the School of Communication, 11.7% in the Medill School of Journalism, 5.7% in the Bien... | 9.442555 |
56e82bec37bdd419002c4484 | Dialect | The extent to which the dialects are spoken varies according to a number of factors: In Northern Germany, dialects are less common than in the South. In cities, dialects are less common than on the countryside. In a public environment, dialects are less common than in a familiar environment. | Dialects are more frequently seen in the countryside as compared to what population centers? | {
"text": [
"cities"
],
"answer_start": [
153
]
} | Context: The extent to which the dialects are spoken varies according to a number of factors: In Northern Germany, dialects are less common than in the South. In cities, dialects are less common than on the countryside. In a public environment, dialects are less common than in a familiar environment.
Question: Dialects... | 16.945375 |
572794a8708984140094e177 | FA_Cup | From 1988 to 1997, the BBC and Sky Sports had coverage of the FA Cup, the BBC had highlights on Match of the Day and usually one match per round while Sky had the same deal. From 1997 to 2001, ITV and Sky shared live coverage with both having two matches per round and BBC continuing with highlights on Match of the Day.... | What year did rebecca host the match? | {
"text": [
"for the 2010–11 to 2012–13 season"
],
"answer_start": [
1589
]
} | Context: From 1988 to 1997, the BBC and Sky Sports had coverage of the FA Cup, the BBC had highlights on Match of the Day and usually one match per round while Sky had the same deal. From 1997 to 2001, ITV and Sky shared live coverage with both having two matches per round and BBC continuing with highlights on Match of... | 16.870125 |
56cdd8ba62d2951400fa68e9 | Spectre_(2015_film) | In November 2014, Sony Pictures Entertainment was targeted by hackers who released details of confidential e-mails between Sony executives regarding several high-profile film projects. Included within these were several memos relating to the production of Spectre, claiming that the film was over budget, detailing early... | Who was responsible for leaks of Sony movie projects? | {
"text": [
"hackers"
],
"answer_start": [
62
]
} | Context: In November 2014, Sony Pictures Entertainment was targeted by hackers who released details of confidential e-mails between Sony executives regarding several high-profile film projects. Included within these were several memos relating to the production of Spectre, claiming that the film was over budget, detail... | 18.878897 |
5726e93cdd62a815002e94c7 | Nigeria | NigeriaSat-2, Nigeria's second satellite, was built as a high-resolution earth satellite by Surrey Space Technology Limited, a United Kingdom-based satellite technology company. It has 2.5-metre resolution panchromatic (very high resolution), 5-metre multispectral (high resolution, NIR red, green and red bands), and 32... | Who manufactured Nigeria's second satellite? | {
"text": [
"Surrey Space Technology Limited"
],
"answer_start": [
92
]
} | Context: NigeriaSat-2, Nigeria's second satellite, was built as a high-resolution earth satellite by Surrey Space Technology Limited, a United Kingdom-based satellite technology company. It has 2.5-metre resolution panchromatic (very high resolution), 5-metre multispectral (high resolution, NIR red, green and red bands... | 14.619592 |
5726cfe5708984140094d217 | Nutrition | Early recommendations for the quantity of water required for maintenance of good health suggested that 6–8 glasses of water daily is the minimum to maintain proper hydration. However the notion that a person should consume eight glasses of water per day cannot be traced to a credible scientific source. The original wat... | Where do humans get the 20% of water that does not come from the beverages we drink? | {
"text": [
"food"
],
"answer_start": [
1565
]
} | Context: Early recommendations for the quantity of water required for maintenance of good health suggested that 6–8 glasses of water daily is the minimum to maintain proper hydration. However the notion that a person should consume eight glasses of water per day cannot be traced to a credible scientific source. The ori... | 16.753187 |
572a211b3f37b31900478718 | Philosophy_of_space_and_time | In classical physics, an inertial reference frame is one in which an object that experiences no forces does not accelerate. In general relativity, an inertial frame of reference is one that is following a geodesic of space-time. An object that moves against a geodesic experiences a force. An object in free fall does no... | What follows a geodesic of space-time? | {
"text": [
"an inertial frame of reference"
],
"answer_start": [
147
]
} | Context: In classical physics, an inertial reference frame is one in which an object that experiences no forces does not accelerate. In general relativity, an inertial frame of reference is one that is following a geodesic of space-time. An object that moves against a geodesic experiences a force. An object in free fal... | 8.928159 |
572fb178a23a5019007fc8ae | Greeks | The ethnogenesis of the Greek nation is linked to the development of Pan-Hellenism in the 8th century BC. According to some scholars, the foundational event was the Olympic Games in 776 BC, when the idea of a common Hellenism among the Greek tribes was first translated into a shared cultural experience and Hellenism wa... | What was the foundation for spirituality and church ? | {
"text": [
"The works of Homer (i.e. Iliad and Odyssey) and Hesiod (i.e. Theogony)"
],
"answer_start": [
360
]
} | Context: The ethnogenesis of the Greek nation is linked to the development of Pan-Hellenism in the 8th century BC. According to some scholars, the foundational event was the Olympic Games in 776 BC, when the idea of a common Hellenism among the Greek tribes was first translated into a shared cultural experience and Hel... | 11.031036 |
56e77c8900c9c71400d7719e | Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects | The RIBA has three parts to the education process: Part I which is generally a three-year first degree, a year-out of at least one year work experience in an architectural practice precedes the Part II which is generally a two-year post graduate diploma or masters. A further year out must be taken before the RIBA Part ... | What is the first step in the Royal Institute's guidelines for education? | {
"text": [
"three-year first degree"
],
"answer_start": [
79
]
} | Context: The RIBA has three parts to the education process: Part I which is generally a three-year first degree, a year-out of at least one year work experience in an architectural practice precedes the Part II which is generally a two-year post graduate diploma or masters. A further year out must be taken before the R... | 27.135511 |
5731ca06e17f3d14004223f8 | Pacific_War | The war entered a new phase with the unprecedented defeat of the Japanese at Battle of Suixian-Zaoyang and 1st Battle of Changsha. After these victories, Chinese nationalist forces launched a large-scale counter-offensive in early 1940; however, due to its low military-industrial capacity, it was repulsed by Japanese a... | What natural obsticles stalled the Japanese offensive against the Chinese? | {
"text": [
"mountainous terrain"
],
"answer_start": [
1262
]
} | Context: The war entered a new phase with the unprecedented defeat of the Japanese at Battle of Suixian-Zaoyang and 1st Battle of Changsha. After these victories, Chinese nationalist forces launched a large-scale counter-offensive in early 1940; however, due to its low military-industrial capacity, it was repulsed by J... | 24.320572 |
572bfa9ef182dd1900d7c7a2 | God | The earliest written form of the Germanic word God (always, in this usage, capitalized) comes from the 6th-century Christian Codex Argenteus. The English word itself is derived from the Proto-Germanic * ǥuđan. The reconstructed Proto-Indo-European form * ǵhu-tó-m was likely based on the root * ǵhau(ə)-, which meant eit... | Where does the word God come from originally? | {
"text": [
"Codex Argenteus"
],
"answer_start": [
125
]
} | Context: The earliest written form of the Germanic word God (always, in this usage, capitalized) comes from the 6th-century Christian Codex Argenteus. The English word itself is derived from the Proto-Germanic * ǥuđan. The reconstructed Proto-Indo-European form * ǵhu-tó-m was likely based on the root * ǵhau(ə)-, which ... | 20.840427 |
5727f6c94b864d19001640bd | Gramophone_record | It was not unusual for electric recordings to be played back on acoustic phonographs. The Victor Orthophonic phonograph was a prime example where such playback was expected. In the Orthophonic, which benefited from telephone research, the mechanical pickup head was redesigned with lower resonance than the traditional m... | What allowed better sounds inside the cabinet of the orthoponic phonograph? | {
"text": [
"folded horn with an exponential taper"
],
"answer_start": [
338
]
} | Context: It was not unusual for electric recordings to be played back on acoustic phonographs. The Victor Orthophonic phonograph was a prime example where such playback was expected. In the Orthophonic, which benefited from telephone research, the mechanical pickup head was redesigned with lower resonance than the trad... | 35.872719 |
57294fd36aef051400154ca7 | New_Haven,_Connecticut | The American Civil War boosted the local economy with wartime purchases of industrial goods, including that of the New Haven Arms Company, which would later become the Winchester Repeating Arms Company. (Winchester would continue to produce arms in New Haven until 2006, and many of the buildings that were a part of the... | In modern day New Haven who makes up for majority of the demographics in terms of ethnicity? | {
"text": [
"Italian-American"
],
"answer_start": [
661
]
} | Context: The American Civil War boosted the local economy with wartime purchases of industrial goods, including that of the New Haven Arms Company, which would later become the Winchester Repeating Arms Company. (Winchester would continue to produce arms in New Haven until 2006, and many of the buildings that were a pa... | 15.635235 |
5727b636ff5b5019007d932c | Cork_(city) | The Cork accent, part of the Southwest dialect of Hiberno-English, displays various features which set it apart from other accents in Ireland. Patterns of tone and intonation often rise and fall, with the overall tone tending to be more high-pitched than other Irish accents. English spoken in Cork has a number of diale... | Where did Cork get pieces of its language from? | {
"text": [
"at home and abroad"
],
"answer_start": [
525
]
} | Context: The Cork accent, part of the Southwest dialect of Hiberno-English, displays various features which set it apart from other accents in Ireland. Patterns of tone and intonation often rise and fall, with the overall tone tending to be more high-pitched than other Irish accents. English spoken in Cork has a number... | 18.956991 |
56f8cc9a9b226e1400dd1032 | Alps | Farming had been a traditional occupation for centuries, although it became less dominant in the 20th century with the advent of tourism. Grazing and pasture land are limited because of the steep and rocky topography of the Alps. In mid-June cows are moved to the highest pastures close to the snowline, where they are w... | When are cows moved to the highest pastures close to the snowline? | {
"text": [
"mid-June"
],
"answer_start": [
233
]
} | Context: Farming had been a traditional occupation for centuries, although it became less dominant in the 20th century with the advent of tourism. Grazing and pasture land are limited because of the steep and rocky topography of the Alps. In mid-June cows are moved to the highest pastures close to the snowline, where t... | 22.350883 |
570806c390286e26004fc980 | Imamah_(Shia_doctrine) | According to Ismā‘īlīsm, Allah has sent "seven" great prophets known as “Nātıq” (Spoken) in order to disseminate and improve his Dīn of Islam. All of these great prophets has also one assistant known as “Sāmad (Silent) Imām”. At the end of each seven “Sāmad” silsila, one great “Nātıq” (Spoken) has ben sent in order to ... | What is the great prophets assistant called? | {
"text": [
"Sāmad (Silent) Imām"
],
"answer_start": [
204
]
} | Context: According to Ismā‘īlīsm, Allah has sent "seven" great prophets known as “Nātıq” (Spoken) in order to disseminate and improve his Dīn of Islam. All of these great prophets has also one assistant known as “Sāmad (Silent) Imām”. At the end of each seven “Sāmad” silsila, one great “Nātıq” (Spoken) has ben sent in ... | 19.468767 |
5727b2612ca10214002d9424 | USB | The original USB 1.0 specification, which was introduced in January 1996, defined data transfer rates of 1.5 Mbit/s "Low Speed" and 12 Mbit/s "Full Speed". Microsoft Windows 95, OSR 2.1 provided OEM support for the devices. The first widely used version of USB was 1.1, which was released in September 1998. The 12 Mbit/... | When was the original USB 1.0 Specification introduced? | {
"text": [
"January 1996"
],
"answer_start": [
60
]
} | Context: The original USB 1.0 specification, which was introduced in January 1996, defined data transfer rates of 1.5 Mbit/s "Low Speed" and 12 Mbit/s "Full Speed". Microsoft Windows 95, OSR 2.1 provided OEM support for the devices. The first widely used version of USB was 1.1, which was released in September 1998. The... | 12.308962 |
572eb350c246551400ce452b | Endangered_Species_Act | The ESA requires that critical habitat be designated at the time of or within one year of a species being placed on the endangered list. In practice, most designations occur several years after listing. Between 1978 and 1986 the FWS regularly designated critical habitat. In 1986 the Reagan Administration issued a regul... | Which presidential adminstration limited the protective status of critical habitat in 1986? | {
"text": [
"the Reagan Administration"
],
"answer_start": [
280
]
} | Context: The ESA requires that critical habitat be designated at the time of or within one year of a species being placed on the endangered list. In practice, most designations occur several years after listing. Between 1978 and 1986 the FWS regularly designated critical habitat. In 1986 the Reagan Administration issue... | 18.935373 |
572658abdd62a815002e824b | Poultry | In free-range husbandry, the birds can roam freely outdoors for at least part of the day. Often, this is in large enclosures, but the birds have access to natural conditions and can exhibit their normal behaviours. A more intensive system is yarding, in which the birds have access to a fenced yard and poultry house at ... | What is yarding in relation to the pultry industry? | {
"text": [
"birds have access to a fenced yard and poultry house at a higher stocking rate"
],
"answer_start": [
264
]
} | Context: In free-range husbandry, the birds can roam freely outdoors for at least part of the day. Often, this is in large enclosures, but the birds have access to natural conditions and can exhibit their normal behaviours. A more intensive system is yarding, in which the birds have access to a fenced yard and poultry ... | 17.189871 |
571aa3cf10f8ca140030522c | Umayyad_Caliphate | Geographically, the empire was divided into several provinces, the borders of which changed numerous times during the Umayyad reign. Each province had a governor appointed by the khalifah. The governor was in charge of the religious officials, army leaders, police, and civil administrators in his province. Local expens... | Where was the government of the Umayyads based? | {
"text": [
"Damascus"
],
"answer_start": [
442
]
} | Context: Geographically, the empire was divided into several provinces, the borders of which changed numerous times during the Umayyad reign. Each province had a governor appointed by the khalifah. The governor was in charge of the religious officials, army leaders, police, and civil administrators in his province. Loc... | 14.474984 |
5727ff3c4b864d19001641c2 | Northwestern_University | There are traditions long associated with football games. Students growl like wildcats when the opposing team controls the ball, while simulating a paw with their hands. They will also jingle keys at the beginning of each kickoff. In the past, before the tradition was discontinued, students would throw marshmallows dur... | How long does the Clock Tower remain purple after a winning game? | {
"text": [
"until a loss or until the end of the sports season"
],
"answer_start": [
506
]
} | Context: There are traditions long associated with football games. Students growl like wildcats when the opposing team controls the ball, while simulating a paw with their hands. They will also jingle keys at the beginning of each kickoff. In the past, before the tradition was discontinued, students would throw marshma... | 31.488771 |
573459cbacc1501500babe39 | Richmond,_Virginia | The Richmond area has many major institutions of higher education, including Virginia Commonwealth University (public), University of Richmond (private), Virginia Union University (private), Virginia College (private), South University - Richmond (private, for-profit), Union Theological Seminary & Presbyterian School o... | What is Richmond's public university? | {
"text": [
"Virginia Commonwealth"
],
"answer_start": [
77
]
} | Context: The Richmond area has many major institutions of higher education, including Virginia Commonwealth University (public), University of Richmond (private), Virginia Union University (private), Virginia College (private), South University - Richmond (private, for-profit), Union Theological Seminary & Presbyterian... | 16.527254 |
572828724b864d1900164608 | LaserDisc | In the mid to late 1990s many higher-end AV receivers included the demodulator circuit specifically for the LaserDisc players RF modulated Dolby Digital AC-3 signal. By the late 1990s with LaserDisc players and disc sales declining due to DVD's growing popularity the AV receiver manufacturers removed the demodulator ci... | What did the Onkyo outboard demodulator covert the RF AC-2 signal to? | {
"text": [
"6-channel analog audio"
],
"answer_start": [
790
]
} | Context: In the mid to late 1990s many higher-end AV receivers included the demodulator circuit specifically for the LaserDisc players RF modulated Dolby Digital AC-3 signal. By the late 1990s with LaserDisc players and disc sales declining due to DVD's growing popularity the AV receiver manufacturers removed the demod... | 20.389696 |
5728b2d64b864d1900164c4b | Estonia | In the face of the country being re-occupied by the Red Army, tens of thousands of Estonians (including a majority of the education, culture, science, political and social specialists) chose to either retreat with the Germans or flee to Finland or Sweden where they sought refuge in other western countries, often by ref... | What date did the Soviet Council of Ministers issue a declaration to remove native Estonians? | {
"text": [
"12 January 1949"
],
"answer_start": [
357
]
} | Context: In the face of the country being re-occupied by the Red Army, tens of thousands of Estonians (including a majority of the education, culture, science, political and social specialists) chose to either retreat with the Germans or flee to Finland or Sweden where they sought refuge in other western countries, oft... | 22.211437 |
573443f3acc1501500babd3f | Richmond,_Virginia | Richmond is also fast-becoming known for its food scene, with several restaurants in the Fan, Church Hill, Jackson Ward and elsewhere around the city generating regional and national attention for their fare. Departures magazine named Richmond "The Next Great American Food City" in August 2014. Also in 2014, Southern L... | How many microbreweries exist in Richmond? | {
"text": [
"twelve"
],
"answer_start": [
608
]
} | Context: Richmond is also fast-becoming known for its food scene, with several restaurants in the Fan, Church Hill, Jackson Ward and elsewhere around the city generating regional and national attention for their fare. Departures magazine named Richmond "The Next Great American Food City" in August 2014. Also in 2014, S... | 23.068182 |
572bcd9b111d821400f38f89 | New_Haven,_Connecticut | New Haven is repeatedly referenced by Nick Carraway in F. Scott Fitzgerald's literary classic The Great Gatsby, as well as by fellow fictional Yale alumnus C. Montgomery Burns, a character from The Simpsons television show. A fictional native of New Haven is Alex Welch from the novella, The Odd Saga of the American and... | The Simpson has a character that was set to graduated from Yale University, can you guess his name? | {
"text": [
"Montgomery Burns"
],
"answer_start": [
159
]
} | Context: New Haven is repeatedly referenced by Nick Carraway in F. Scott Fitzgerald's literary classic The Great Gatsby, as well as by fellow fictional Yale alumnus C. Montgomery Burns, a character from The Simpsons television show. A fictional native of New Haven is Alex Welch from the novella, The Odd Saga of the Ame... | 29.371006 |
5731cb92e99e3014001e628f | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | The court noted that it "is a matter of history that this very practice of establishing governmentally composed prayers for religious services was one of the reasons which caused many of our early colonists to leave England and seek religious freedom in America." The lone dissenter, Justice Potter Stewart, objected to ... | Stewart felt the court was not responsibly aided by the uncritical invocation of what? | {
"text": [
"metaphors"
],
"answer_start": [
523
]
} | Context: The court noted that it "is a matter of history that this very practice of establishing governmentally composed prayers for religious services was one of the reasons which caused many of our early colonists to leave England and seek religious freedom in America." The lone dissenter, Justice Potter Stewart, obj... | 18.512859 |
56cee58daab44d1400b88c1e | Spectre_(2015_film) | During the December 2014 press conference announcing the start of filming, Aston Martin and Eon unveiled the new DB10 as the official car for the film. The DB10 was designed in collaboration between Aston Martin and the filmmakers, with only 10 being produced especially for Spectre as a celebration of the 50th annivers... | What were the two DB10s that were not needed for filming used for? | {
"text": [
"promotional work"
],
"answer_start": [
461
]
} | Context: During the December 2014 press conference announcing the start of filming, Aston Martin and Eon unveiled the new DB10 as the official car for the film. The DB10 was designed in collaboration between Aston Martin and the filmmakers, with only 10 being produced especially for Spectre as a celebration of the 50th... | 18.148575 |
572a8395111d821400f38b93 | Miami | Miami's heavy-rail rapid transit system, Metrorail, is an elevated system comprising two lines and 23 stations on a 24.4-mile (39.3 km)-long line. Metrorail connects the urban western suburbs of Hialeah, Medley, and inner-city Miami with suburban The Roads, Coconut Grove, Coral Gables, South Miami and urban Kendall via... | How many lines does Metromover have? | {
"text": [
"three"
],
"answer_start": [
483
]
} | Context: Miami's heavy-rail rapid transit system, Metrorail, is an elevated system comprising two lines and 23 stations on a 24.4-mile (39.3 km)-long line. Metrorail connects the urban western suburbs of Hialeah, Medley, and inner-city Miami with suburban The Roads, Coconut Grove, Coral Gables, South Miami and urban Ke... | 24.116423 |
572b8b0334ae481900deae8d | Education | In time, some ideas from these experiments and paradigm challenges may be adopted as the norm in education, just as Friedrich Fröbel's approach to early childhood education in 19th-century Germany has been incorporated into contemporary kindergarten classrooms. Other influential writers and thinkers have included the S... | Whos educatgion approach was introduced in Germany in the 19th century and is used in most Kindergartens? | {
"text": [
"Friedrich Fröbel's"
],
"answer_start": [
116
]
} | Context: In time, some ideas from these experiments and paradigm challenges may be adopted as the norm in education, just as Friedrich Fröbel's approach to early childhood education in 19th-century Germany has been incorporated into contemporary kindergarten classrooms. Other influential writers and thinkers have inclu... | 34.493702 |
57268ecbdd62a815002e8989 | British_Empire | Britain's remaining colonies in Africa, except for self-governing Southern Rhodesia, were all granted independence by 1968. British withdrawal from the southern and eastern parts of Africa was not a peaceful process. Kenyan independence was preceded by the eight-year Mau Mau Uprising. In Rhodesia, the 1965 Unilateral D... | What new country did the Lancaster House Agreement recognize? | {
"text": [
"Mau Mau Uprising"
],
"answer_start": [
268
]
} | Context: Britain's remaining colonies in Africa, except for self-governing Southern Rhodesia, were all granted independence by 1968. British withdrawal from the southern and eastern parts of Africa was not a peaceful process. Kenyan independence was preceded by the eight-year Mau Mau Uprising. In Rhodesia, the 1965 Uni... | 18.101149 |
56f83905a6d7ea1400e174be | Josip_Broz_Tito | Every federal unit had a town or city with historic significance from the World War II period renamed to have Tito's name included. The largest of these was Titograd, now Podgorica, the capital city of Montenegro. With the exception of Titograd, the cities were renamed simply by the addition of the adjective "Tito's" (... | What is Titograd now called? | {
"text": [
"Podgorica"
],
"answer_start": [
171
]
} | Context: Every federal unit had a town or city with historic significance from the World War II period renamed to have Tito's name included. The largest of these was Titograd, now Podgorica, the capital city of Montenegro. With the exception of Titograd, the cities were renamed simply by the addition of the adjective "... | 21.066185 |
5728241e3acd2414000df58a | John_von_Neumann | Von Neumann introduced the study of rings of operators, through the von Neumann algebras. A von Neumann algebra is a *-algebra of bounded operators on a Hilbert space that is closed in the weak operator topology and contains the identity operator. The von Neumann bicommutant theorem shows that the analytic definition i... | What was introduced in von Neumann algebras? | {
"text": [
"study of rings of operators"
],
"answer_start": [
27
]
} | Context: Von Neumann introduced the study of rings of operators, through the von Neumann algebras. A von Neumann algebra is a *-algebra of bounded operators on a Hilbert space that is closed in the weak operator topology and contains the identity operator. The von Neumann bicommutant theorem shows that the analytic def... | 19.028038 |
5730b4be8ab72b1400f9c6cb | Sumer | The Sumerian language is generally regarded as a language isolate in linguistics because it belongs to no known language family; Akkadian, by contrast, belongs to the Semitic branch of the Afroasiatic languages. There have been many failed attempts to connect Sumerian to other language groups. It is an agglutinative la... | What are morphemes? | {
"text": [
"\"units of meaning\""
],
"answer_start": [
355
]
} | Context: The Sumerian language is generally regarded as a language isolate in linguistics because it belongs to no known language family; Akkadian, by contrast, belongs to the Semitic branch of the Afroasiatic languages. There have been many failed attempts to connect Sumerian to other language groups. It is an aggluti... | 18.5821 |
56d4ceac2ccc5a1400d83240 | Beyoncé | At the 57th Annual Grammy Awards in February 2015, Beyoncé was nominated for six awards, ultimately winning three: Best R&B Performance and Best R&B Song for "Drunk in Love", and Best Surround Sound Album for Beyoncé. She was nominated for Album of the Year but the award was won by Beck for his Morning Phase album. In ... | How many awards was Beyoncé nominated for at the 57th annual Grammys? | {
"text": [
"six"
],
"answer_start": [
77
]
} | Context: At the 57th Annual Grammy Awards in February 2015, Beyoncé was nominated for six awards, ultimately winning three: Best R&B Performance and Best R&B Song for "Drunk in Love", and Best Surround Sound Album for Beyoncé. She was nominated for Album of the Year but the award was won by Beck for his Morning Phase a... | 10.193054 |
572f8f33947a6a140053ca6b | Hyderabad | Qutb Shahi architecture of the 16th and early 17th centuries followed classical Persian architecture featuring domes and colossal arches. The oldest surviving Qutb Shahi structure in Hyderabad is the ruins of Golconda fort built in the 16th century. The Charminar, Mecca Masjid, Charkaman and Qutb Shahi tombs are other ... | The government of India proposed that The Charminar become a UNESCO World Heritage site, what other two monuments were suggested for the same status? | {
"text": [
"Qutb Shahi tombs and Golconda fort"
],
"answer_start": [
738
]
} | Context: Qutb Shahi architecture of the 16th and early 17th centuries followed classical Persian architecture featuring domes and colossal arches. The oldest surviving Qutb Shahi structure in Hyderabad is the ruins of Golconda fort built in the 16th century. The Charminar, Mecca Masjid, Charkaman and Qutb Shahi tombs a... | 16.288109 |
5731752de6313a140071cf58 | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | Native American music in North America is almost entirely monophonic, but there are notable exceptions. Traditional Native American music often centers around drumming. Rattles, clappersticks, and rasps were also popular percussive instruments. Flutes were made of rivercane, cedar, and other woods. The tuning of these ... | What are examples of popular percussive instruments of Native Americans? | {
"text": [
"Rattles, clappersticks, and rasps"
],
"answer_start": [
169
]
} | Context: Native American music in North America is almost entirely monophonic, but there are notable exceptions. Traditional Native American music often centers around drumming. Rattles, clappersticks, and rasps were also popular percussive instruments. Flutes were made of rivercane, cedar, and other woods. The tuning ... | 19.150023 |
572f7858a23a5019007fc657 | Han_dynasty | Various cases for rape, physical abuse and murder were prosecuted in court. Women, although usually having fewer rights by custom, were allowed to level civil and criminal charges against men. While suspects were jailed, convicted criminals were never imprisoned. Instead, punishments were commonly monetary fines, perio... | What type of extreme punishment was likely to be laid upon those who committed the harshest of crimes? | {
"text": [
"death by beheading"
],
"answer_start": [
377
]
} | Context: Various cases for rape, physical abuse and murder were prosecuted in court. Women, although usually having fewer rights by custom, were allowed to level civil and criminal charges against men. While suspects were jailed, convicted criminals were never imprisoned. Instead, punishments were commonly monetary fin... | 41.341297 |
56f984f59e9bad19000a0a0c | Brain | The SCN projects to a set of areas in the hypothalamus, brainstem, and midbrain that are involved in implementing sleep-wake cycles. An important component of the system is the reticular formation, a group of neuron-clusters scattered diffusely through the core of the lower brain. Reticular neurons send signals to the ... | Reticular neurons transfer signals to what part of the brain? | {
"text": [
"the thalamus"
],
"answer_start": [
316
]
} | Context: The SCN projects to a set of areas in the hypothalamus, brainstem, and midbrain that are involved in implementing sleep-wake cycles. An important component of the system is the reticular formation, a group of neuron-clusters scattered diffusely through the core of the lower brain. Reticular neurons send signal... | 17.856867 |
572789cd708984140094e047 | Gramophone_record | Lateral-cut disc records were developed in the United States by Emile Berliner, who named his system the "gramophone", distinguishing it from Edison's wax cylinder "phonograph" and Columbia's wax cylinder "graphophone". Berliner's earliest discs, first marketed in 1889, but only in Europe, were 5 inches (13 cm) in diam... | Where is the museum dedicated to Berliner located? | {
"text": [
"Montreal"
],
"answer_start": [
1250
]
} | Context: Lateral-cut disc records were developed in the United States by Emile Berliner, who named his system the "gramophone", distinguishing it from Edison's wax cylinder "phonograph" and Columbia's wax cylinder "graphophone". Berliner's earliest discs, first marketed in 1889, but only in Europe, were 5 inches (13 cm... | 22.606474 |
56d9e452dc89441400fdb8b5 | Dog | In Hindu mythology, Yama, the god of death owns two watch dogs who have four eyes. They are said to watch over the gates of Naraka. Hunter god Muthappan from North Malabar region of Kerala has a hunting dog as his mount. Dogs are found in and out of the Muthappan Temple and offerings at the shrine take the form of bron... | Offerings left at the Muthappan Temple shrine take on what form? | {
"text": [
"bronze dog figurines"
],
"answer_start": [
316
]
} | Context: In Hindu mythology, Yama, the god of death owns two watch dogs who have four eyes. They are said to watch over the gates of Naraka. Hunter god Muthappan from North Malabar region of Kerala has a hunting dog as his mount. Dogs are found in and out of the Muthappan Temple and offerings at the shrine take the for... | 31.623154 |
573259a4e99e3014001e66ee | Jehovah%27s_Witnesses | Doctrines of Jehovah's Witnesses are established by the Governing Body. The religion does not tolerate dissent over doctrines and practices; members who openly disagree with the religion's teachings are expelled and shunned. Witness publications strongly discourage followers from questioning doctrine and counsel receiv... | What happens to members who disagree with the religion's teachings? | {
"text": [
"expelled and shunned"
],
"answer_start": [
203
]
} | Context: Doctrines of Jehovah's Witnesses are established by the Governing Body. The religion does not tolerate dissent over doctrines and practices; members who openly disagree with the religion's teachings are expelled and shunned. Witness publications strongly discourage followers from questioning doctrine and couns... | 16.889294 |
57279afddd62a815002ea1d3 | Switzerland | Apart from the United Nations headquarters, the Swiss Confederation is host to many UN agencies, like the World Health Organization (WHO), the International Labour Organization (ILO), the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and about 200 other internati... | What does the ILO stand for? | {
"text": [
"International Labour Organization"
],
"answer_start": [
143
]
} | Context: Apart from the United Nations headquarters, the Swiss Confederation is host to many UN agencies, like the World Health Organization (WHO), the International Labour Organization (ILO), the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and about 200 other ... | 8.466761 |
5728f8484b864d1900165144 | Samurai | Maintaining the household was the main duty of samurai women. This was especially crucial during early feudal Japan, when warrior husbands were often traveling abroad or engaged in clan battles. The wife, or okugatasama (meaning: one who remains in the home), was left to manage all household affairs, care for the child... | What was tantojutsu? | {
"text": [
"the skill of the knife"
],
"answer_start": [
541
]
} | Context: Maintaining the household was the main duty of samurai women. This was especially crucial during early feudal Japan, when warrior husbands were often traveling abroad or engaged in clan battles. The wife, or okugatasama (meaning: one who remains in the home), was left to manage all household affairs, care for ... | 21.215689 |
570c33ab6b8089140040fc24 | Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation | Carnivore was an electronic eavesdropping software system implemented by the FBI during the Clinton administration; it was designed to monitor email and electronic communications. After prolonged negative coverage in the press, the FBI changed the name of its system from "Carnivore" to "DCS1000." DCS is reported to sta... | What was Carnivore renamed to? | {
"text": [
"DCS1000"
],
"answer_start": [
288
]
} | Context: Carnivore was an electronic eavesdropping software system implemented by the FBI during the Clinton administration; it was designed to monitor email and electronic communications. After prolonged negative coverage in the press, the FBI changed the name of its system from "Carnivore" to "DCS1000." DCS is report... | 17.251308 |
572f6326947a6a140053c915 | Post-punk | The innovative production techniques devised by post-punk producers such as Martin Hannett and Dennis Bovell during this period would become an important element of the emerging music, with studio experimentation taking a central role. A variety of groups that predated punk, such as Cabaret Voltaire and Throbbing Grist... | Where did industrial music get it's name? | {
"text": [
"Industrial Records"
],
"answer_start": [
567
]
} | Context: The innovative production techniques devised by post-punk producers such as Martin Hannett and Dennis Bovell during this period would become an important element of the emerging music, with studio experimentation taking a central role. A variety of groups that predated punk, such as Cabaret Voltaire and Throbb... | 27.960623 |
57267215dd62a815002e851f | East_India_Company | In 1838 with the amount of smuggled opium entering China approaching 1,400 tons a year, the Chinese imposed a death penalty for opium smuggling and sent a Special Imperial Commissioner, Lin Zexu, to curb smuggling. This resulted in the First Opium War (1839–42). After the war Hong Kong island was ceded to Britain under... | in 1838 about how many tone of Opium was smuggled in to China per year? | {
"text": [
"1,400 tons"
],
"answer_start": [
69
]
} | Context: In 1838 with the amount of smuggled opium entering China approaching 1,400 tons a year, the Chinese imposed a death penalty for opium smuggling and sent a Special Imperial Commissioner, Lin Zexu, to curb smuggling. This resulted in the First Opium War (1839–42). After the war Hong Kong island was ceded to Brit... | 19.367674 |
56e1c607e3433e1400423164 | Catalan_language | Literary Catalan allows the use of words from different dialects, except those of very restricted use. However, from the 19th century onwards, there is a tendency of favoring words of Northern dialects in detriment of others, even though nowadays there is a greater freedom of choice. | What kind of choice is now available in word choice? | {
"text": [
"greater freedom of choice"
],
"answer_start": [
258
]
} | Context: Literary Catalan allows the use of words from different dialects, except those of very restricted use. However, from the 19th century onwards, there is a tendency of favoring words of Northern dialects in detriment of others, even though nowadays there is a greater freedom of choice.
Question: What kind of cho... | 33.883415 |
5726a117f1498d1400e8e554 | Queen_(band) | That year, Queen began The Works Tour, the first tour to feature keyboardist Spike Edney as an extra live musician. The tour featured nine sold-out dates in October in Bophuthatswana, South Africa, at the arena in Sun City. Upon returning to England, they were the subject of outrage, having played in South Africa durin... | Which Queen tour was the first to feature Spike Edney? | {
"text": [
"Spike Edney"
],
"answer_start": [
77
]
} | Context: That year, Queen began The Works Tour, the first tour to feature keyboardist Spike Edney as an extra live musician. The tour featured nine sold-out dates in October in Bophuthatswana, South Africa, at the arena in Sun City. Upon returning to England, they were the subject of outrage, having played in South Afr... | 25.238928 |
56fdfa85761e401900d28c86 | Computer | I/O is the means by which a computer exchanges information with the outside world. Devices that provide input or output to the computer are called peripherals. On a typical personal computer, peripherals include input devices like the keyboard and mouse, and output devices such as the display and printer. Hard disk dri... | A mouse is what type of peripheral device? | {
"text": [
"input"
],
"answer_start": [
212
]
} | Context: I/O is the means by which a computer exchanges information with the outside world. Devices that provide input or output to the computer are called peripherals. On a typical personal computer, peripherals include input devices like the keyboard and mouse, and output devices such as the display and printer. Hard... | 11.214916 |
57276b96dd62a815002e9c98 | Carnival | The Carnival of Malmedy is locally called Cwarmê. Even if Malmedy is located in the east Belgium, near the German-speaking area, the Cwarmê is a pure walloon and Latin carnival. The celebration takes place during 4 days before the Shrove Tuesday. The Cwarmê Sunday is the most important and insteresting to see. All the ... | What do disguised people pass through during the festival? | {
"text": [
"the crowd"
],
"answer_start": [
465
]
} | Context: The Carnival of Malmedy is locally called Cwarmê. Even if Malmedy is located in the east Belgium, near the German-speaking area, the Cwarmê is a pure walloon and Latin carnival. The celebration takes place during 4 days before the Shrove Tuesday. The Cwarmê Sunday is the most important and insteresting to see.... | 34.480999 |
56f8c4f09e9bad19000a0462 | Gene | Organisms inherit their genes from their parents. Asexual organisms simply inherit a complete copy of their parent's genome. Sexual organisms have two copies of each chromosome because they inherit one complete set from each parent.:1 | How many copies of each chromosome does a sexual organism have? | {
"text": [
"two copies of each chromosome"
],
"answer_start": [
147
]
} | Context: Organisms inherit their genes from their parents. Asexual organisms simply inherit a complete copy of their parent's genome. Sexual organisms have two copies of each chromosome because they inherit one complete set from each parent.:1
Question: How many copies of each chromosome does a sexual organism have?
An... | 15.753051 |
5709a209ed30961900e84399 | Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census | Race and ethnicity are considered separate and distinct identities, with Hispanic or Latino origin asked as a separate question. Thus, in addition to their race or races, all respondents are categorized by membership in one of two ethnic categories, which are "Hispanic or Latino" and "Not Hispanic or Latino". However, ... | In addition to Hispanic and Latino, what other ethnic category is included in the United States Census? | {
"text": [
"Not Hispanic or Latino"
],
"answer_start": [
286
]
} | Context: Race and ethnicity are considered separate and distinct identities, with Hispanic or Latino origin asked as a separate question. Thus, in addition to their race or races, all respondents are categorized by membership in one of two ethnic categories, which are "Hispanic or Latino" and "Not Hispanic or Latino". ... | 12.924559 |
56dc604614d3a41400c2683c | Genome | The proportion of repetitive DNA is calculated by using length of repetitive DNA divide by genome size. There are two categories of repetitive DNA in genome: tandem repeats and interspersed repeats. | What is found by dividing size of repetitive DNA by length of total genome? | {
"text": [
"proportion of repetitive DNA"
],
"answer_start": [
4
]
} | Context: The proportion of repetitive DNA is calculated by using length of repetitive DNA divide by genome size. There are two categories of repetitive DNA in genome: tandem repeats and interspersed repeats.
Question: What is found by dividing size of repetitive DNA by length of total genome?
Answer: proportion of repe... | 29.208054 |
5705df8d75f01819005e76ca | The_Times | The Times is the first newspaper to have borne that name, lending it to numerous other papers around the world, including The Times of India (founded in 1838), The Straits Times (Singapore) (1845), The New York Times (1851), The Irish Times (1859), Le Temps (France) (1861-1942), the Cape Times (South Africa) (1872), th... | What year did The Times of India start? | {
"text": [
"1838"
],
"answer_start": [
153
]
} | Context: The Times is the first newspaper to have borne that name, lending it to numerous other papers around the world, including The Times of India (founded in 1838), The Straits Times (Singapore) (1845), The New York Times (1851), The Irish Times (1859), Le Temps (France) (1861-1942), the Cape Times (South Africa) (... | 8.66708 |
570ad7de4103511400d59a7f | Lancashire | During the 20th century, the county became increasingly urbanised, particularly the southern part. To the existing county boroughs of Barrow-in-Furness, Blackburn, Bolton, Bootle, Burnley, Bury, Liverpool, Manchester, Oldham, Preston, Rochdale, Salford, St Helens and Wigan were added Blackpool (1904), Southport (1905),... | When was Southport added? | {
"text": [
"1905"
],
"answer_start": [
314
]
} | Context: During the 20th century, the county became increasingly urbanised, particularly the southern part. To the existing county boroughs of Barrow-in-Furness, Blackburn, Bolton, Bootle, Burnley, Bury, Liverpool, Manchester, Oldham, Preston, Rochdale, Salford, St Helens and Wigan were added Blackpool (1904), Southpor... | 18.133047 |
5727f7ee4b864d19001640c9 | Gramophone_record | Eventually, when it was more common for electric recordings to be played back electrically in the 1930s and 1940s, the overall tone was much like listening to a radio of the era. Magnetic pickups became more common and were better designed as time went on, making it possible to improve the damping of spurious resonance... | What was a more economical option to magnetic pickups? | {
"text": [
"Crystal pickups"
],
"answer_start": [
323
]
} | Context: Eventually, when it was more common for electric recordings to be played back electrically in the 1930s and 1940s, the overall tone was much like listening to a radio of the era. Magnetic pickups became more common and were better designed as time went on, making it possible to improve the damping of spurious ... | 29.377205 |
5731ccf7e17f3d1400422415 | Egypt | Egypt's most prominent multinational companies are the Orascom Group and Raya Contact Center. The information technology (IT) sector has expanded rapidly in the past few years, with many start-ups selling outsourcing services to North America and Europe, operating with companies such as Microsoft, Oracle and other majo... | What has stimulated IT sector? | {
"text": [
"new Egyptian entrepreneurs with government encouragement"
],
"answer_start": [
512
]
} | Context: Egypt's most prominent multinational companies are the Orascom Group and Raya Contact Center. The information technology (IT) sector has expanded rapidly in the past few years, with many start-ups selling outsourcing services to North America and Europe, operating with companies such as Microsoft, Oracle and o... | 29.039921 |
56f7c5b0aef2371900625bef | Szlachta | The term szlachta is derived from the Old High German word slahta (modern German Geschlecht), which means "(noble) family", much as many other Polish words pertaining to the nobility derive from German words—e.g., the Polish "rycerz" ("knight", cognate of the German "Ritter") and the Polish "herb" ("coat of arms", from... | Where does the word her derive from in german? | {
"text": [
"Erbe"
],
"answer_start": [
333
]
} | Context: The term szlachta is derived from the Old High German word slahta (modern German Geschlecht), which means "(noble) family", much as many other Polish words pertaining to the nobility derive from German words—e.g., the Polish "rycerz" ("knight", cognate of the German "Ritter") and the Polish "herb" ("coat of ar... | 22.154165 |
570e10d20b85d914000d7c9c | Antarctica | Antarctica has no indigenous population and there is no evidence that it was seen by humans until the 19th century. However, belief in the existence of a Terra Australis—a vast continent in the far south of the globe to "balance" the northern lands of Europe, Asia and North Africa—had existed since the times of Ptolemy... | What was Antarctica presumed to be by the ancient thinkers? | {
"text": [
"balance"
],
"answer_start": [
221
]
} | Context: Antarctica has no indigenous population and there is no evidence that it was seen by humans until the 19th century. However, belief in the existence of a Terra Australis—a vast continent in the far south of the globe to "balance" the northern lands of Europe, Asia and North Africa—had existed since the times o... | 16.366625 |
57292e806aef051400154b4d | Insect | Paleoptera and Neoptera are the winged orders of insects differentiated by the presence of hardened body parts called sclerites, and in the Neoptera, muscles that allow their wings to fold flatly over the abdomen. Neoptera can further be divided into incomplete metamorphosis-based (Polyneoptera and Paraneoptera) and co... | Neoptera can be divided into what kind of "based" group? | {
"text": [
"metamorphosis-based"
],
"answer_start": [
327
]
} | Context: Paleoptera and Neoptera are the winged orders of insects differentiated by the presence of hardened body parts called sclerites, and in the Neoptera, muscles that allow their wings to fold flatly over the abdomen. Neoptera can further be divided into incomplete metamorphosis-based (Polyneoptera and Paraneopter... | 18.05994 |
57282a8cff5b5019007d9e5e | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | In October 1961, Nasser embarked on a major nationalization program for Egypt, believing the total adoption of socialism was the answer to his country's problems and would have prevented Syria's secession. In order to organize and solidify his popular base with Egypt's citizens and counter the army's influence, Nasser ... | What political ideology did Nasser wholeheartedly back in 1961? | {
"text": [
"socialism"
],
"answer_start": [
111
]
} | Context: In October 1961, Nasser embarked on a major nationalization program for Egypt, believing the total adoption of socialism was the answer to his country's problems and would have prevented Syria's secession. In order to organize and solidify his popular base with Egypt's citizens and counter the army's influence... | 25.074253 |
56d24619b329da140004ecc1 | Buddhism | Prajñā (Sanskrit) or paññā (Pāli) means wisdom that is based on a realization of dependent origination, The Four Noble Truths and the three marks of existence. Prajñā is the wisdom that is able to extinguish afflictions and bring about bodhi. It is spoken of as the principal means of attaining nirvāṇa, through its reve... | What is listed as the sixth of the six paramitas of the mahayana? | {
"text": [
"Prajñā"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} | Context: Prajñā (Sanskrit) or paññā (Pāli) means wisdom that is based on a realization of dependent origination, The Four Noble Truths and the three marks of existence. Prajñā is the wisdom that is able to extinguish afflictions and bring about bodhi. It is spoken of as the principal means of attaining nirvāṇa, through... | 8.425169 |
572955523f37b31900478271 | Insect | The reproductive system of female insects consist of a pair of ovaries, accessory glands, one or more spermathecae, and ducts connecting these parts. The ovaries are made up of a number of egg tubes, called ovarioles, which vary in size and number by species. The number of eggs that the insect is able to make vary by t... | Female insects reproductive system contain a pair of what? | {
"text": [
"ovaries"
],
"answer_start": [
63
]
} | Context: The reproductive system of female insects consist of a pair of ovaries, accessory glands, one or more spermathecae, and ducts connecting these parts. The ovaries are made up of a number of egg tubes, called ovarioles, which vary in size and number by species. The number of eggs that the insect is able to make ... | 18.751673 |
56e17841cd28a01900c6799a | Boston | Between 1999 and 2006, Bicycling magazine named Boston three times as one of the worst cities in the US for cycling; regardless, it has one of the highest rates of bicycle commuting. In 2008, as a consequence of improvements made to bicycling conditions within the city, the same magazine put Boston on its "Five for the... | What year did Hubway launch? | {
"text": [
"2011"
],
"answer_start": [
513
]
} | Context: Between 1999 and 2006, Bicycling magazine named Boston three times as one of the worst cities in the US for cycling; regardless, it has one of the highest rates of bicycle commuting. In 2008, as a consequence of improvements made to bicycling conditions within the city, the same magazine put Boston on its "Fiv... | 12.853995 |
5725ba9d38643c19005acbf0 | Israel | Arab nationalists led by Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser refused to recognize Israel, and called for its destruction. By 1966, Israeli-Arab relations had deteriorated to the point of actual battles taking place between Israeli and Arab forces. In May 1967, Egypt massed its army near the border with Israel, expell... | When did Egypt mass it's army near the border with Israel? | {
"text": [
"1967"
],
"answer_start": [
257
]
} | Context: Arab nationalists led by Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser refused to recognize Israel, and called for its destruction. By 1966, Israeli-Arab relations had deteriorated to the point of actual battles taking place between Israeli and Arab forces. In May 1967, Egypt massed its army near the border with Israe... | 11.425332 |
57327cb4e99e3014001e67e4 | Dwight_D._Eisenhower | Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev announced that a "spy-plane" had been shot down but intentionally made no reference to the pilot. As a result, the Eisenhower Administration, thinking the pilot had died in the crash, authorized the release of a cover story claiming that the plane was a "weather research aircraft" which... | What did the Eisenhower administration refer to the downed U-2 as? | {
"text": [
"weather research aircraft"
],
"answer_start": [
288
]
} | Context: Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev announced that a "spy-plane" had been shot down but intentionally made no reference to the pilot. As a result, the Eisenhower Administration, thinking the pilot had died in the crash, authorized the release of a cover story claiming that the plane was a "weather research aircra... | 17.191673 |
572621ec271a42140099d4bd | Buckingham_Palace | During World War I, the palace, then the home of King George V and Queen Mary, escaped unscathed. Its more valuable contents were evacuated to Windsor but the royal family remained in situ. The King imposed rationing at the palace, much to the dismay of his guests and household. To the King's later regret, David Lloyd ... | What was the north-west pavilion converted into in 1938? | {
"text": [
"swimming pool"
],
"answer_start": [
674
]
} | Context: During World War I, the palace, then the home of King George V and Queen Mary, escaped unscathed. Its more valuable contents were evacuated to Windsor but the royal family remained in situ. The King imposed rationing at the palace, much to the dismay of his guests and household. To the King's later regret, Dav... | 24.526649 |
5728c1523acd2414000dfda8 | Estonia | Estonia co-operates with Latvia and Lithuania in several trilateral Baltic defence co-operation initiatives, including Baltic Battalion (BALTBAT), Baltic Naval Squadron (BALTRON), Baltic Air Surveillance Network (BALTNET) and joint military educational institutions such as the Baltic Defence College in Tartu. Future co... | What joint military educational academy does Estonia share with Baltic Countries? | {
"text": [
"the Baltic Defence College"
],
"answer_start": [
274
]
} | Context: Estonia co-operates with Latvia and Lithuania in several trilateral Baltic defence co-operation initiatives, including Baltic Battalion (BALTBAT), Baltic Naval Squadron (BALTRON), Baltic Air Surveillance Network (BALTNET) and joint military educational institutions such as the Baltic Defence College in Tartu. ... | 23.754416 |
57102822a58dae1900cd692e | Elizabeth_II | At her Silver Jubilee in 1977, the crowds and celebrations were genuinely enthusiastic, but in the 1980s, public criticism of the royal family increased, as the personal and working lives of Elizabeth's children came under media scrutiny. Elizabeth's popularity sank to a low point in the 1990s. Under pressure from publ... | When was Elizabeth's Silver Jubilee? | {
"text": [
"1977"
],
"answer_start": [
25
]
} | Context: At her Silver Jubilee in 1977, the crowds and celebrations were genuinely enthusiastic, but in the 1980s, public criticism of the royal family increased, as the personal and working lives of Elizabeth's children came under media scrutiny. Elizabeth's popularity sank to a low point in the 1990s. Under pressure ... | 16.310753 |
572eafd1c246551400ce4504 | Quran | In addition to and independent of the division into suras, there are various ways of dividing the Quran into parts of approximately equal length for convenience in reading. The 30 juz' (plural ajzāʼ) can be used to read through the entire Quran in a month. Some of these parts are known by names—which are the first few ... | What division of the Quran is used for a month-long reading? | {
"text": [
"juz'"
],
"answer_start": [
180
]
} | Context: In addition to and independent of the division into suras, there are various ways of dividing the Quran into parts of approximately equal length for convenience in reading. The 30 juz' (plural ajzāʼ) can be used to read through the entire Quran in a month. Some of these parts are known by names—which are the f... | 23.720982 |
57266fd6708984140094c5f9 | British_Empire | During his voyage, Cook also visited New Zealand, first discovered by Dutch explorer Abel Tasman in 1642, and claimed the North and South islands for the British crown in 1769 and 1770 respectively. Initially, interaction between the indigenous Māori population and Europeans was limited to the trading of goods. Europea... | When did Cook visit New Zealand and claim the North Island? | {
"text": [
"1769"
],
"answer_start": [
171
]
} | Context: During his voyage, Cook also visited New Zealand, first discovered by Dutch explorer Abel Tasman in 1642, and claimed the North and South islands for the British crown in 1769 and 1770 respectively. Initially, interaction between the indigenous Māori population and Europeans was limited to the trading of goods... | 13.096896 |
56d1196917492d1400aab941 | New_York_City | Despite New York's heavy reliance on its vast public transit system, streets are a defining feature of the city. Manhattan's street grid plan greatly influenced the city's physical development. Several of the city's streets and avenues, like Broadway, Wall Street, Madison Avenue, and Seventh Avenue are also used as met... | What industry is Madison Avenue associated with? | {
"text": [
"advertising"
],
"answer_start": [
379
]
} | Context: Despite New York's heavy reliance on its vast public transit system, streets are a defining feature of the city. Manhattan's street grid plan greatly influenced the city's physical development. Several of the city's streets and avenues, like Broadway, Wall Street, Madison Avenue, and Seventh Avenue are also us... | 26.680239 |
56e098707aa994140058e606 | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (Russian SFSR or RSFSR; Russian: Российская Советская Федеративная Социалистическая Республика, tr. Rossiyskaya Sovetskaya Federativnaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika listen (help·info)) commonly referred to as Soviet Russia or simply as Russia, was a sovereign state i... | How many autonomous republics make up the RSFSR? | {
"text": [
"sixteen"
],
"answer_start": [
532
]
} | Context: The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (Russian SFSR or RSFSR; Russian: Российская Советская Федеративная Социалистическая Республика, tr. Rossiyskaya Sovetskaya Federativnaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika listen (help·info)) commonly referred to as Soviet Russia or simply as Russia, was a sovereig... | 9.168278 |
57062e7e52bb891400689940 | MP3 | In November 1997, the website mp3.com was offering thousands of MP3s created by independent artists for free. The small size of MP3 files enabled widespread peer-to-peer file sharing of music ripped from CDs, which would have previously been nearly impossible. The first large peer-to-peer filesharing network, Napster, ... | Which network was the first large peer to peer file sharing network? | {
"text": [
"Napster"
],
"answer_start": [
311
]
} | Context: In November 1997, the website mp3.com was offering thousands of MP3s created by independent artists for free. The small size of MP3 files enabled widespread peer-to-peer file sharing of music ripped from CDs, which would have previously been nearly impossible. The first large peer-to-peer filesharing network, ... | 12.46576 |
5726783a5951b619008f73a6 | Professional_wrestling | Many television shows and films have been produced which portray in-character professional wrestlers as protagonists, such as Ready to Rumble, ¡Mucha Lucha!, Nacho Libre, and the Santo film series. In the wildly popular Rocky series of films about the fictional boxer Rocky Balboa, Rocky III saw its hero fighting a "box... | What critically acclaimed wrestling film came out in 2008? | {
"text": [
"The Wrestler"
],
"answer_start": [
1106
]
} | Context: Many television shows and films have been produced which portray in-character professional wrestlers as protagonists, such as Ready to Rumble, ¡Mucha Lucha!, Nacho Libre, and the Santo film series. In the wildly popular Rocky series of films about the fictional boxer Rocky Balboa, Rocky III saw its hero fighti... | 20.681034 |
56fae1d7f34c681400b0c170 | Somalis | The Somali language is a member of the Cushitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic family. Its nearest relatives are the Afar and Saho languages. Somali is the best documented of the Cushitic languages, with academic studies of it dating from before 1900. | Among the Cushitic languages, which is the most well-documented? | {
"text": [
"Somali"
],
"answer_start": [
4
]
} | Context: The Somali language is a member of the Cushitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic family. Its nearest relatives are the Afar and Saho languages. Somali is the best documented of the Cushitic languages, with academic studies of it dating from before 1900.
Question: Among the Cushitic languages, which is the most well-... | 10.286023 |
570c5feab3d812140066d1aa | John,_King_of_England | Henry II wanted to secure the southern borders of Aquitaine and decided to betroth his youngest son to Alais, the daughter and heiress of Humbert III of Savoy. As part of this agreement John was promised the future inheritance of Savoy, Piedmont, Maurienne, and the other possessions of Count Humbert. For his part in th... | Who was Alais? | {
"text": [
"the daughter and heiress of Humbert III of Savoy"
],
"answer_start": [
110
]
} | Context: Henry II wanted to secure the southern borders of Aquitaine and decided to betroth his youngest son to Alais, the daughter and heiress of Humbert III of Savoy. As part of this agreement John was promised the future inheritance of Savoy, Piedmont, Maurienne, and the other possessions of Count Humbert. For his p... | 19.841686 |
570f44b95ab6b81900390ec1 | Circadian_rhythm | In 1896, Patrick and Gilbert observed that during a prolonged period of sleep deprivation, sleepiness increases and decreases with a period of approximately 24 hours. In 1918, J.S. Szymanski showed that animals are capable of maintaining 24-hour activity patterns in the absence of external cues such as light and change... | What mutation did Takahashi discover in 1994? | {
"text": [
"circadian clock"
],
"answer_start": [
835
]
} | Context: In 1896, Patrick and Gilbert observed that during a prolonged period of sleep deprivation, sleepiness increases and decreases with a period of approximately 24 hours. In 1918, J.S. Szymanski showed that animals are capable of maintaining 24-hour activity patterns in the absence of external cues such as light a... | 25.83139 |
5726bf8f5951b619008f7d1c | Gothic_architecture | Above the main portal there is generally a large window, like that at York Minster, or a group of windows such as those at Ripon Cathedral. In France there is generally a rose window like that at Reims Cathedral. Rose windows are also often found in the façades of churches of Spain and Italy, but are rarer elsewhere an... | What portion of Gothic buildings are usually richly decorated with arcading or sculpture? | {
"text": [
"The gable"
],
"answer_start": [
378
]
} | Context: Above the main portal there is generally a large window, like that at York Minster, or a group of windows such as those at Ripon Cathedral. In France there is generally a rose window like that at Reims Cathedral. Rose windows are also often found in the façades of churches of Spain and Italy, but are rarer els... | 19.253849 |
5727876f5951b619008f8c7e | A_cappella | The polyphony of Christian a cappella music began to develop in Europe around the late 15th century, with compositions by Josquin des Prez. The early a cappella polyphonies may have had an accompanying instrument, although this instrument would merely double the singers' parts and was not independent. By the 16th centu... | Lagrime d'amante al sepolcro dell'amata's well known A cappella composition was written in what year? | {
"text": [
"1610"
],
"answer_start": [
1137
]
} | Context: The polyphony of Christian a cappella music began to develop in Europe around the late 15th century, with compositions by Josquin des Prez. The early a cappella polyphonies may have had an accompanying instrument, although this instrument would merely double the singers' parts and was not independent. By the 1... | 23.41592 |
5728b4cd2ca10214002da621 | Estonia | The U.S., UK, France, Italy and the majority of other Western countries considered the annexation of Estonia by the USSR illegal. They retained diplomatic relations with the representatives of the independent Republic of Estonia, never de jure recognised the existence of the Estonian SSR, and never recognised Estonia a... | What relationship did Western countries continue with Estonia? | {
"text": [
"diplomatic relations"
],
"answer_start": [
144
]
} | Context: The U.S., UK, France, Italy and the majority of other Western countries considered the annexation of Estonia by the USSR illegal. They retained diplomatic relations with the representatives of the independent Republic of Estonia, never de jure recognised the existence of the Estonian SSR, and never recognised ... | 19.491577 |
572833943acd2414000df6d5 | LaserDisc | During its development, MCA, which co-owned the technology, referred to it as the Optical Videodisc System, "Reflective Optical Videodisc" or "Laser Optical Videodisc", depending on the document; changing the name once in 1969 to Disco-Vision and then again in 1978 to DiscoVision (without the hyphen), which became the ... | When did MCA remove the hyphen from the name Disco-Vision? | {
"text": [
"1978"
],
"answer_start": [
261
]
} | Context: During its development, MCA, which co-owned the technology, referred to it as the Optical Videodisc System, "Reflective Optical Videodisc" or "Laser Optical Videodisc", depending on the document; changing the name once in 1969 to Disco-Vision and then again in 1978 to DiscoVision (without the hyphen), which be... | 23.31036 |
5726c1d1dd62a815002e8fa0 | Pesticide | Since before 2000 BC, humans have utilized pesticides to protect their crops. The first known pesticide was elemental sulfur dusting used in ancient Sumer about 4,500 years ago in ancient Mesopotamia. The Rig Veda, which is about 4,000 years old, mentions the use of poisonous plants for pest control. By the 15th centur... | What is the source used to exact nicotine sulfate? | {
"text": [
"tobacco leaves"
],
"answer_start": [
474
]
} | Context: Since before 2000 BC, humans have utilized pesticides to protect their crops. The first known pesticide was elemental sulfur dusting used in ancient Sumer about 4,500 years ago in ancient Mesopotamia. The Rig Veda, which is about 4,000 years old, mentions the use of poisonous plants for pest control. By the 15... | 10.352259 |
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