eurekaalert_id stringlengths 6 6 | eurekaalert_title stringlengths 0 254 ⌀ | eurekaalert_text stringlengths 0 37.9k | doi stringlengths 12 42 | publication_year int64 1.99k 2.02k | publication_source stringlengths 3 123 | publication_title stringlengths 4 702 ⌀ | publication_abstract stringlengths 1 50.7k |
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955763 | Ideal nodal rings of one-dimensional photonic crystals in the visible region | Photonic Dirac cone is a special kind of degenerate state with linear dispersion, which is ubiquitous in various two-dimensional photonic crystals. By introducing the spatial inversion symmetry breaking, photonic Dirac cone will transit to valley states. Such photonic crystals are called valley photonic crystals. In th... | 10.1038/s41377-022-00821-9 | 2,022 | Light Science & Applications | Ideal nodal rings of one-dimensional photonic crystals in the visible region | Three-dimensional (3D) artificial metacrystals host rich topological phases, such as Weyl points, nodal rings, and 3D photonic topological insulators. These topological states enable a wide range of applications, including 3D robust waveguides, one-way fiber, and negative refraction of the surface wave. However, these ... |
843676 | Identification of RNA editing profiles and their clinical relevance in lung adenocarcinoma | The incidence rate of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is increasing gradually and the mortality is still high. Recent advances in the genomic profile of LUAD have identified a number of driver alterations in specific genes, enabling molecular classification and targeted therapy accordingly. However, only a fraction of LUAD ... | 10.1007/s11427-020-1928-0 | 2,021 | Science China Life Sciences | Identification of A-to-I RNA editing profiles and their clinical relevance in lung adenocarcinoma | Adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing is a widespread posttranscriptional modification that has been shown to play an important role in tumorigenesis. Here, we evaluated a total of 19,316 RNA editing sites in the tissues of 80 lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients from our Nanjing Lung Cancer Cohort (NJLCC) and 486 L... |
832779 | Focus on context diminishes memory of negative events, researchers report | In a new study, researchers report they can manipulate how the brain encodes and retains emotional memories. The scientists found that focusing on the neutral details of a disturbing scene can weaken a person's later memories - and negative impressions - of that scene.
The findings, reported in the journal Neuropsychol... | 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107338 | 2,020 | Neuropsychologia | The impact of focused attention on subsequent emotional recollection: A functional MRI investigation | In his seminal works, Endel Tulving argued that functionally distinct memory systems give rise to subjective experiences of remembering and knowing (i.e., recollection- vs. familiarity-based memory, respectively). Evidence shows that emotion specifically enhances recollection, and this effect is subserved by a synergis... |
667182 | New childhood dementia insight | Is the eye a window to the brain in Sanfilippo syndrome, an untreatable form of childhood-onset dementia, Australian researchers ask in a new publication.
The findings of the NHMRC-funded project, just published in international journal Acta Neuropathologica Communications, highlight the potential for using widely av... | 10.1186/s40478-020-01070-w | 2,020 | Acta Neuropathologica Communications | Is the eye a window to the brain in Sanfilippo syndrome? | Abstract Sanfilippo syndrome is an untreatable form of childhood-onset dementia. Whilst several therapeutic strategies are being evaluated in human clinical trials including i.v. delivery of AAV9-based gene therapy, an urgent unmet need is the availability of non-invasive, quantitative measures of neurodegeneration. We... |
917471 | Feeding 10 billion people by 2050 within planetary limits may be achievable | A global shift towards healthy and more plant-based diets, halving food loss and waste, and improving farming practices and technologies are required to feed 10 billion people sustainably by 2050, a new study finds. Adopting these options reduces the risk of crossing global environmental limits related to climate chang... | 10.1038/s41586-018-0594-0 | 2,018 | Nature | Options for keeping the food system within environmental limits | The food system is a major driver of climate change, changes in land use, depletion of freshwater resources, and pollution of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems through excessive nitrogen and phosphorus inputs. Here we show that between 2010 and 2050, as a result of expected changes in population and income levels, the... |
515982 | Systems pharmacology modelers accelerate drug discovery in Alzheimer's | Alzheimer's is a chronic neurodegenerative disease which leads to the senile cognitive impairment and memory loss. Every third person older than 70 years suffers from it. Such changes are caused by functional disorders and subsequent death of neurons. However triggers of processes resulting in brain cell death are stil... | 10.1002/psp4.12211 | 2,017 | CPT Pharmacometrics & Systems Pharmacology | A Translational Systems Pharmacology Model for Aβ Kinetics in Mouse, Monkey, and Human | A mechanistic model of amyloid beta production, degradation, and distribution was constructed for mouse, monkey, and human, calibrated and externally verified across multiple datasets. Simulations of single-dose avagacestat treatment demonstrate that the Aβ42 brain inhibition may exceed that in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF... |
975218 | New study models the transmission of foreshock waves towards Earth | An international team of scientists led by Lucile Turc, an Academy Research Fellow at the University of Helsinki and supported by the International Space Science Institute in Bern has studied the propagation of electromagnetic waves in near-Earth space for three years. The team has studied the waves in the area where t... | 10.1038/s41567-022-01837-z | 2,022 | Nature Physics | Transmission of foreshock waves through Earth’s bow shock | The Earth's magnetosphere and its bow shock, which is formed by the interaction of the supersonic solar wind with the terrestrial magnetic field, constitute a rich natural laboratory enabling in situ investigations of universal plasma processes. Under suitable interplanetary magnetic field conditions, a foreshock with ... |
912619 | Tungsten offers nano-interconnects a path of least resistance | As microchips become ever smaller and therefore faster, the shrinking size of their copper interconnects leads to increased electrical resistivity at the nanoscale. Finding a solution to this impending technical bottleneck is a major problem for the semiconductor industry.
One promising possibility involves reducing th... | 10.1063/1.5004118 | 2,017 | Journal of Applied Physics | The anisotropic size effect of the electrical resistivity of metal thin films: Tungsten | The resistivity of nanoscale metallic conductors is orientation dependent, even if the bulk resistivity is isotropic and electron scattering cross-sections are independent of momentum, surface orientation, and transport direction. This is demonstrated using a combination of electron transport measurements on epitaxial ... |
504278 | Sunfleck use research needs appropriate experimental leaves | "All the roads of learning begin in the darkness and go out into the light."
This quote is often attributed to Hippocrates and exhibits a double level of relevance in photosynthesis research. The use of light by plant leaves to drive photosynthesis is often studied in steady state environments, but most plant leaves ar... | 10.3390/plants9070905 | 2,020 | Plants | Artifleck: The Study of Artifactual Responses to Light Flecks with Inappropriate Leaves | Methods in sunfleck research commonly employ the use of experimental leaves which were constructed in homogeneous light. These experimental organs may behave unnaturally when they are challenged with fluctuating light. Photosynthetic responses to heterogeneous light and leaf macronutrient relations were determined for ... |
891834 | If cancer were easy, every cell would do it | A new Scientific Reports paper puts an evolutionary twist on a classic question. Instead of asking why we get cancer, Leonardo Oña of Osnabrück University and Michael Lachmann of the Santa Fe Institute use signaling theory to explore how our bodies have evolved to keep us from getting more cancer.
It isn't obvious wh... | 10.1038/s41598-020-57494-w | 2,020 | Scientific Reports | Signalling architectures can prevent cancer evolution | Abstract Cooperation between cells in multicellular organisms is preserved by an active regulation of growth through the control of cell division. Molecular signals used by cells for tissue growth are usually present during developmental stages, angiogenesis, wound healing and other processes. In this context, the use ... |
954216 | New light-powered catalysts could aid in manufacturing | Chemical reactions that are driven by light offer a powerful tool for chemists who are designing new ways to manufacture pharmaceuticals and other useful compounds. Harnessing this light energy requires photoredox catalysts, which can absorb light and transfer the energy to a chemical reaction.
MIT chemists have now de... | 10.1038/s41467-022-29811-6 | 2,022 | Nature Communications | Solution-processable microporous polymer platform for heterogenization of diverse photoredox catalysts | In contemporary organic synthesis, substances that access strongly oxidizing and/or reducing states upon irradiation have been exploited to facilitate powerful and unprecedented transformations. However, the implementation of light-driven reactions in large-scale processes remains uncommon, limited by the lack of gener... |
726114 | New genetic knowledge on the causes of severe COVID-19 | Worldwide, otherwise healthy adolescents and young people without underlying conditions are sometimes severely affected by COVID-19, with the viral infection in the worst cases quickly becoming life-threatening. But why is this happening?
A world-wide consortium of researchers is determined to investigate this - and t... | 10.1126/science.abd4570 | 2,020 | Science | Inborn errors of type I IFN immunity in patients with life-threatening COVID-19 | The genetics underlying severe COVID-19 The immune system is complex and involves many genes, including those that encode cytokines known as interferons (IFNs). Individuals that lack specific IFNs can be more susceptible to infectious diseases. Furthermore, the autoantibody system dampens IFN response to prevent damage... |
864005 | RUDN mathematicians confirmed the possibility of data transfer via gravitational waves | RUDN mathematicians analyzed the properties of gravitational waves in a generalized affine- metrical space (an algebraic construction operating the notions of a vector and a point) similarly to the properties of electromagnetic waves in Minkowski space-time. It turned out that there is the possibility of transmitting i... | 10.1088/1361-6382/aace79 | 2,018 | Classical and Quantum Gravity | Structure of plane gravitational waves of nonmetricity in affine-metric space | A definition of an affine-metric space of the plane wave type is given using the analogy with the properties of plane electromagnetic waves in Minkowski space. The action of the Lie derivative on the 40 components of the nonmetricity 1-form in the 4-dimensional affine-metric space leads to the conclusion that the nonme... |
781128 | Compression garments reduce strength loss after training | Regular training enhances your strength, but recovery is equally important. Elastic bandages and compression garments are widely used in sports to facilitate recovery and prevent injuries. Now, a research team from Tohoku University has determined that compression garments also reduce strength loss after strenuous exer... | 10.1007/s00421-020-04507-1 | 2,020 | European Journal of Applied Physiology | A below-knee compression garment reduces fatigue-induced strength loss but not knee joint position sense errors | We examined the possibility that wearing a below-knee compression garment (CG) reduces fatigue-induced strength loss and joint position sense (JPS) errors in healthy adults.Subjects (n = 24, age = 25.5 ± 4 years) were allocated to either one of the treatment groups that performed 100 maximal isokinetic eccentric contra... |
941664 | Simpler and reliable ALS diagnosis with blood tests | Blood tests may enable more accurate diagnosis of ALS at an earlier stage of the disease. As described in a study by researchers at University of Gothenburg and Umeå University, it involves measuring the blood level of a substance that, as they have also shown, varies in concentration depending on which variant of ALS ... | 10.1038/s41598-021-01499-6 | 2,021 | Scientific Reports | Neurofilaments can differentiate ALS subgroups and ALS from common diagnostic mimics | Abstract Delayed diagnosis and misdiagnosis are frequent in people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), the most common form of motor neuron disease (MND). Neurofilament light chain (NFL) and phosphorylated neurofilament heavy chain (pNFH) are elevated in ALS patients. We retrospectively quantified cerebrospinal f... |
951771 | Quantum mechanics could explain why DNA can spontaneously mutate | The molecules of life, DNA, replicate with astounding precision, yet this process is not immune to mistakes and can lead to mutations. Using sophisticated computer modelling, a team of physicists and chemists at the University of Surrey have shown that such errors in copying can arise due to the strange rules of the qu... | 10.1038/s42005-022-00881-8 | 2,022 | Communications Physics | An open quantum systems approach to proton tunnelling in DNA | Abstract One of the most important topics in molecular biology is the genetic stability of DNA. One threat to this stability is proton transfer along the hydrogen bonds of DNA that could lead to tautomerisation, hence creating point mutations. We present a theoretical analysis of the hydrogen bonds between the Guanine-... |
691436 | Dynamic model helps understand healthy lakes to heal sick ones | Development of a dynamic model for microbial populations in healthy lakes could help scientists understand what's wrong with sick lakes, prescribe cures and predict what may happen as environmental conditions change. Those are among the benefits expected from an ambitious project to model the interactions of some 18,00... | 10.1038/npjsba.2016.7 | 2,016 | npj Systems Biology and Applications | Dynamic models of the complex microbial metapopulation of lake mendota | Like many other environments, Lake Mendota, WI, USA, is populated by many thousand microbial species. Only about 1,000 of these constitute between 80 and 99% of the total microbial community, depending on the season, whereas the remaining species are rare. The functioning and resilience of the lake ecosystem depend on ... |
589555 | Quality of life with those with advanced cancer improved through walking | Walking for just 30 minutes three times per week could improve the quality of life for those with advanced cancer, a new study published in the BMJ Open journal has found.
Researchers from the University of Surrey collaborated with those form the Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing & Midwifery at King's College Lon... | 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-013719 | 2,017 | BMJ Open | CanWalk: a feasibility study with embedded randomised controlled trial pilot of a walking intervention for people with recurrent or metastatic cancer | Objectives Walking is an adaptable, inexpensive and accessible form of physical activity. However, its impact on quality of life (QoL) and symptom severity in people with advanced cancer is unknown. This study aimed to assess the feasibility and acceptability of a randomised controlled trial (RCT) of a community-based ... |
646613 | New research shows effectiveness of laws for protecting imperiled species, remaining gaps | New research from the Center for Conservation Innovation (CCI) at Defenders of Wildlife, published in the journal Nature Communications, shows for the first time the importance of expert agencies to protecting imperiled species. This paper, "Data Indicate the Importance of Expert Agencies in Conservation Policy," empir... | 10.1038/s41467-019-11462-9 | 2,019 | Nature Communications | Novel data show expert wildlife agencies are important to endangered species protection | Abstract To protect biodiversity, conservation laws should be evaluated and improved using data. We provide a comprehensive assessment of how a key provision of the U.S. Endangered Species Act (ESA) is implemented: consultation to ensure federal actions do not jeopardize the existence of listed species. Data from all 2... |
968908 | Study shows inexpensive, readily available chemical may limit impact of COVID-19 | Preclinical studies in mice that model human COVID-19 suggest that an inexpensive, readily available amino acid might limit the effects of the disease and provide a new off-the-shelf therapeutic option for infections with SARS-CoV-2 variants and perhaps future novel coronaviruses.
A team led by researchers at the David... | 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1007955 | 2,022 | Frontiers in Immunology | A GABA-receptor agonist reduces pneumonitis severity, viral load, and death rate in SARS-CoV-2-infected mice | Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and GABA-receptors (GABA-Rs) form a major neurotransmitter system in the brain. GABA-Rs are also expressed by 1) cells of the innate and adaptive immune system and act to inhibit their inflammatory activities, and 2) lung epithelial cells and GABA-R agonists/potentiators have been observe... |
514157 | Rare congenital heart defect rescued by protease inhibition | Greenwood, SC (October 15, 2020) - A research team at the Greenwood Genetic Center (GGC) has successfully used small molecules to restore normal heart and valve development in an animal model for Mucolipidosis II (ML II), a rare genetic disorder. Progressive heart disease is commonly associated with ML II. The study is... | 10.1172/jci.insight.133019 | 2,020 | JCI Insight | Inappropriate cathepsin K secretion promotes its enzymatic activation driving heart and valve malformation | Although congenital heart defects (CHDs) represent the most common birth defect, a comprehensive understanding of disease etiology remains unknown. This is further complicated since CHDs can occur in isolation or as a feature of another disorder. Analyzing disorders with associated CHDs provides a powerful platform to ... |
644655 | Half of vision impairment in first world is preventable | Around half of vision impairment in Western Europe is preventable, according to a new study published in the British Journal of Ophthalmology.
The study was carried out by the Vision Loss Expert Group, led by Professor Rupert Bourne of Anglia Ruskin University, and shows the prevalence and causes of vision loss in high... | 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2017-311258 | 2,018 | British Journal of Ophthalmology | Prevalence and causes of vision loss in high-income countries and in Eastern and Central Europe in 2015: magnitude, temporal trends and projections | Background Within a surveillance of the prevalence and causes of vision impairment in high-income regions and Central/Eastern Europe, we update figures through 2015 and forecast expected values in 2020. Methods Based on a systematic review of medical literature, prevalence of blindness, moderate and severe vision impai... |
562952 | Neurons: 'String of lights' indicates excitation propagation | A type of novel molecular voltage sensor makes it possible to watch nerve cells at work. The principle of the method has been known for some time. However, researchers at the University of Bonn and the University of California in Los Angeles have now succeeded in significantly improving it. It allows the propagation of... | 10.1073/pnas.2020235118 | 2,021 | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences | A dark quencher genetically encodable voltage indicator (dqGEVI) exhibits high fidelity and speed | Significance Voltage sensing with genetically expressed optical probes is highly desirable for large-scale recordings of neuronal activity and detection of localized voltage signals in single neurons. Here we describe a method for a two-component (hybrid) genetically encodable fluorescent voltage sensing in neurons. Th... |
974327 | Producing ‘green’ energy — literally — from living plant ‘bio-solar cells’ | Though plants can serve as a source of food, oxygen and décor, they’re not often considered to be a good source of electricity. But by collecting electrons naturally transported within plant cells, scientists can generate electricity as part of a “green,” biological solar cell. Now, researchers reporting in ACS Applied... | 10.1021/acsami.2c15123 | 2,022 | ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces | Self-Enclosed Bio-Photoelectrochemical Cell in Succulent Plants | Harvesting an electrical current from biological photosynthetic systems (live cells or isolated complexes) is typically achieved by immersion of the system into an electrolyte solution. In this study, we show that the aqueous solution found in the tissues of succulent plants can be used directly as a natural bio-photo ... |
477513 | Potential new therapy takes aim at a lethal esophageal cancer's glutamine addiction | Researchers at the Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC) have found a way to target drug-resistant esophageal cancer cells by exploiting the different energy needs of cancerous versus healthy cells. This breakthrough is now opening the doorway to new treatments for an otherwise lethal cancer. The findings of the ... | 10.1038/s41467-019-09179-w | 2,019 | Nature Communications | Targeting glutamine-addiction and overcoming CDK4/6 inhibitor resistance in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma | Abstract The dysregulation of Fbxo4-cyclin D1 axis occurs at high frequency in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), where it promotes ESCC development and progression. However, defining a therapeutic vulnerability that results from this dysregulation has remained elusive. Here we demonstrate that Rb and mTORC1 co... |
578270 | Low fitness may indicate poor arterial health in adolescents | A recent Finnish study conducted at the University of Jyväskylä showed that adolescents with better aerobic fitness have more compliant arteries than their lower fit peers do. The study also suggests that a higher anaerobic threshold is linked to better arterial health. The results were published in the European Journa... | 10.1007/s00421-018-3963-3 | 2,018 | European Journal of Applied Physiology | Peak oxygen uptake, ventilatory threshold, and arterial stiffness in adolescents | To investigate the associations of peak oxygen uptake ([Formula: see text]) and [Formula: see text] at ventilatory threshold ([Formula: see text] at VT) with arterial stiffness in adolescents.The participants were 55 adolescents (36 girls, 19 boys) aged 16-19 years. Aortic pulse wave velocity (PWVao) and augmentation i... |
923928 | A Highly-Accurate and Broadband Terahertz Counter Eyes "Beyond 5G / 6G" | [Abstract]
The National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT, President: TOKUDA Hideyuki, Ph.D.) has developed a broadband and high-precision terahertz (THz) frequency counter based on a semiconductor-superlattice harmonic mixer. It showed a measurement uncertainty of less than 1 x 10-16 from 0.... | 10.1088/1681-7575/ac0712 | 2,021 | Metrologia | Terahertz frequency counter based on a semiconductor-superlattice harmonic mixer with four-octave measurable bandwidth and 16-digit precision | Abstract We have developed a broadband and high-precision terahertz (THz) frequency counter based on a semiconductor-superlattice harmonic mixer (SLHM). Comparison of two THz frequencies determined using two independent counters and direct measurement of frequency-stabilized THz-quantum cascade lasers by a single count... |
665216 | Evidence-based patient-psychotherapist matching improves mental health care | In first-of-its kind research led by a University of Massachusetts Amherst psychotherapy researcher, mental health care patients matched with therapists who had a strong track record of treating the patients' primary concerns had better results than patients who were not so matched.
In addition, this "match effect" wa... | 10.1037/ccp0000644 | 2,021 | Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology | For whom does a match matter most? Patient-level moderators of evidence-based patient–therapist matching. | A double-blind, randomized controlled trial tested the effectiveness of a personalized Match System in which patients are assigned to therapists with a "track record" of effectively treating a given patient's primary concern(s) (e.g., anxiety). Matched patients demonstrated significantly better outcomes than those assi... |
781599 | Stressed lemurs have worse chances of survival | a sign of long-term stress--are associated with reduced survival in wild grey mouse lemurs (Microcebus murinus), according to a study published in the open access journal BMC Ecology.
Researchers at the German Primate Centre and Georg-August University Göttingen, Germany found that grey mouse lemurs with high levels o... | 10.1186/s12898-017-0140-1 | 2,017 | BMC Ecology | Hair cortisol concentrations correlate negatively with survival in a wild primate population | Glucocorticoid hormones are known to play a key role in mediating a cascade of physiological responses to social and ecological stressors and can therefore influence animals' behaviour and ultimately fitness. Yet, how glucocorticoid levels are associated with reproductive success or survival in a natural setting has re... |
804711 | Plant-based diets high in carbs improve type 1 diabetes, according to new case studies | 10.35248/2155-6156.20.11.847 | 2,020 | Journal of Diabetes & Metabolism | Plant-Based Diets for Type 1 Diabetes | Type 1 diabetes is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from the destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic beta-cells. The increasing incidence (at a worldwide rate of 3-5% a year) suggests that in addition to the genetic component, the risk may be influenced by environmental factors,... | |
489496 | 'Biggest loser' study reveals how dieting affects long-term metabolism | While it's known that metabolism slows when people diet, new research indicates that metabolism remains suppressed even when people regain much of the weight they lost while dieting.
The findings come from a study of contestants in "The Biggest Loser" television series. Despite substantial weight regain in the 6 years ... | 10.1002/oby.21538 | 2,016 | Obesity | Persistent metabolic adaptation 6 years after “The Biggest Loser” competition | Objective To measure long‐term changes in resting metabolic rate (RMR) and body composition in participants of “The Biggest Loser” competition. Methods Body composition was measured by dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry, and RMR was determined by indirect calorimetry at baseline, at the end of the 30‐week competition and... |
875016 | MIPT biophysicists found a way to take a peek at how membrane receptors work | In a study published in Current Opinion in Structural Biology, MIPT biophysicists explained ways to visualize membrane receptors in their different states. Detailed information on the structure and dynamics of these proteins will enable developing effective and safe drugs to treat many sorts of conditions.
Every second... | 10.1016/j.sbi.2020.03.004 | 2,020 | Current Opinion in Structural Biology | Beyond structure: emerging approaches to study GPCR dynamics | G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) constitute the largest superfamily of membrane proteins that are involved in regulation of sensory and physiological processes and implicated in many diseases. The last decade revolutionized the GPCR field by unraveling multiple high-resolution structures of many different receptors ... |
934580 | Competing quantum interactions enable single molecules to stand up | Nanoscale machinery has many uses, including drug delivery, single-atom transistor technology, or memory storage. However, the machinery must be assembled at the nanoscale which is a considerable challenge for researchers.
For nanotechnology engineers the ultimate goal is to be able to assemble functional machinery par... | 10.1126/sciadv.abj9751 | 2,021 | Science Advances | The stabilization potential of a standing molecule | The part-by-part assembly of functional nanoscale machinery is a central goal of nanotechnology. With the recent fabrication of an isolated standing molecule with a scanning probe microscope, the third dimension perpendicular to the surface will soon become accessible to molecule-based construction. Beyond the flatland... |
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