seed_case stringclasses 45
values | citing_case stringlengths 10 32 | hellyer_correct_label stringclasses 34
values | seed_case_name stringclasses 45
values | html_cleaned stringlengths 3.14k 217k | high_level_label stringclasses 13
values |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
724 F.2d 747 | 421 F.3d 96 | ACAN | Santiago Amaro v. The Continental Can Company | CUDAHY, Circuit Judge. For plaintiffs Alexina Nechis and Doris Mady, members of health insurance plans offered by Oxford Health Plans, Inc., their assorted aches became a legal pain in the neck when their claims for chiropractor coverage were denied. Both Nechis and Mady had selected plans that covered chiropractic tre... | CONFLICT_NOTED |
724 F.2d 747 | 398 F.3d 765 | C | Santiago Amaro v. The Continental Can Company | OPINION FORESTER, Chief Judge. The Defendant Pfizer, Inc. (“Pfizer”) herein appeals the District Court’s ruling on its motion to dismiss the claims of Plaintiff Joseph Simon (“Simon”). Pfizer argues that the District Court erred in failing to dismiss Simon’s four-count complaint concerning allegedly improper refusal of... | CRITICIZED_OR_QUESTIONED |
724 F.2d 747 | 223 F.3d 814 | ACAN, DR | Santiago Amaro v. The Continental Can Company | HANSEN, Circuit Judge. Twenty-three nurses (“the nurses”) filed an action against the appellees (collectively “Union Pacific”), alleging violations of *816 ERISA 1 and Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The district court 2 dismissed both the ERISA and Title VII claims for failure to exhaust administrative reme... | CONFLICT_NOTED |
724 F.2d 747 | 209 F.3d 1309 | ACAN, DR | Santiago Amaro v. The Continental Can Company | PUBLISH IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT FILED U.S. COURT OF APPEALS ________________________ ELEVENTH CIRCUIT APR 20 2000 THOMAS K. KAHN No. 98-5189 CLERK ________________________ D. C. Docket No. 88-06602-CV-NCR ANGELO PERRINO, STEPHEN PLACIDO, EDNA SHEPARD, ARTHUR WILSON, Plaintiffs-App... | CONFLICT_NOTED |
724 F.2d 747 | 111 F.3d 105 | NF | Santiago Amaro v. The Continental Can Company | 111 F.3d 105 97 FCDR 2684, 10 Fla. L. Weekly Fed. C 854 J.W. COUNTS, Plaintiff-Counter-Defendant, Appellant,v.AMERICAN GENERAL LIFE AND ACCIDENT INSURANCE COMPANY;American General Corporation Plan Administrator,Defendants-Counter-Claimants-Appellees,Gulf Life Insurance Company, et al., Defendants. No. 96-8795. United S... | LIMITED_OR_DISTINGUISHED |
724 F.2d 747 | 50 F.3d 1478 | D | Santiago Amaro v. The Continental Can Company | SHADUR, Senior District Judge. Mario Diaz (“Mario”) and his wife Maria (collectively “Diazes”) sue United Agricultural Employee Welfare Benefit Plan and Trust (the “Plan”) and Associated Citrus Packers (“Associated”) for medical benefits assertedly owed to Diazes under the Plan, an employee welfare benefit plan subject... | LIMITED_OR_DISTINGUISHED |
724 F.2d 747 | 45 F.3d 947 | DR | Santiago Amaro v. The Continental Can Company | E. GRADY JOLLY, Circuit Judge: Brown & Root, Inc. fired Donald Chail-land. Chailland sued Brown & Root, Inc., alleging that it had fired him to prevent him from attaining increased benefits under its pension plan, in violation of § 510 of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA). Brown & Root, Inc. moved to ... | CONFLICT_NOTED |
724 F.2d 747 | 994 F.2d 1426 | D, DR | Santiago Amaro v. The Continental Can Company | ALARCON, Circuit Judge: International Union of Operating Engineers-Employers Construction Industry Pension, Welfare and Training Trust Funds (“Trusts”) appeal from the order granting summary judgment in favor of Richard D. Karr, doing business as Alaska Unlimited Company (“AUC”). The Trusts seek reversal of the order d... | LIMITED_OR_DISTINGUISHED, CONFLICT_NOTED |
724 F.2d 747 | 994 F.2d 692 | D | Santiago Amaro v. The Continental Can Company | GOODWIN, Circuit Judge: Flying Tiger Line, Inc. (“Flying Tiger”) and the Flying Tiger pilots’ former union entered into a collectively bargained agreement regarding pilot pension benefits. Appellants, four former Flying Tiger pilots, seek enforcement of the terms of the summary plan description of the pension agreement... | LIMITED_OR_DISTINGUISHED |
724 F.2d 747 | 938 F.2d 823 | C | Santiago Amaro v. The Continental Can Company | "HARLINGTON WOOD, JR., Circuit Judge. Plaintiff Donald Powell sued his former employer, A.T. & T. Co(...TRUNCATED) | CRITICIZED_OR_QUESTIONED |
Validate Your Authority: Precedent Treatment Dataset and Benchmarks
This repository contains data and code for analyzing how later judicial opinions treat earlier precedents, with a focus on negative and limiting treatments. It includes a filtered dataset suitable for model training/evaluation and scripts to reproduce experiments.
Background: Paul Hellyer’s Study and Annotations
Paul D. Hellyer’s empirical study examined the reliability of three U.S. citator systems (Shepard’s, KeyCite, and BCite) in reporting negative and limiting treatments of precedents. Hellyer manually read a stratified sample of citing opinions to determine the “ground truth” treatment of the cited (seed) opinion, then compared his judgments to each citator’s labels.
Key points about Hellyer’s annotations used in this project:
- Hellyer read each citing opinion in context and assigned a treatment judgment based on the legal effect on the seed case (e.g., overruled, reversed, distinguished, questioned, not followed).
- He recorded both the citator-provided label and his own “correct” judgment, allowing measurement of precision/recall by category and overall accuracy.
- The annotations cover both strong negatives (e.g., Overruled, Reversed) and softer limiting signals (e.g., Distinguished, Declined to extend, Not followed), along with meta signals like Disagreement recognized.
For details, see Hellyer’s paper: Hellyer, Paul D., empirical evaluation of citators.
This Paper: Validate Your Authority — Benchmarking LLMs on Multi‑Label Precedent Treatment Classification
This work introduces a benchmark that frames precedent treatment classification as a multi‑label problem spanning both strong negative and limiting signals. We evaluate multiple LLMs (closed and open) with zero‑shot and few‑shot prompting, and report performance across fine‑grained and high‑level labels. The dataset originates from Hellyer’s annotations and associated opinion texts, curated into a machine‑learning‑ready format. (Link forthcoming.)
Dataset
Primary file for sharing/experiments:
SOURCE_hf.csv
Included columns:
seed_case: the cited opinion (precedent) citation string.citing_case: the citing opinion citation string.hellyer_correct_label: Hellyer’s ground‑truth fine‑grained treatment label for this pair.seed_case_name: human‑readable name of the cited opinion.html_cleaned: cleaned citing‑opinion text segment(s) used for labeling and modeling.high_level_label: coarser roll‑up of treatment (e.g., Negative vs. Limiting/Other), used for high‑level evaluation.
The original full table (SOURCE.csv) contains additional audit/tracking fields (citator‑provided labels, notes, etc.). The helper script scripts/filter_source_csv.py generates the reduced file and raises the CSV field size limit to handle long HTML fields.
Abbreviations (Fine‑Grained Treatment Signals)
The following codes appear in Hellyer’s labels and/or citator labels:
- ACAN: Among conflicting authorities noted in
- AR: Abrogation recognized by
- C: Criticized by
- CID: Called into doubt by
- D: Distinguished by
- DAS: Disapproved as stated in
- DE: Declined to extend by
- DR: Disagreement recognized by
- DW: Disagreed with by
- IOR: Implied overruling recognized by
- LHR: Limitation of holding recognized by
- NF: Not followed by
- O: Overruled
- OR: Overruling recognized by
- Q: Questioned by
- R: Reversed by
Note: Different citators sometimes use overlapping or slightly different taxonomies; Hellyer’s ground‑truth label harmonizes to the most accurate treatment after reading the opinion.
Getting Started
- Use
SOURCE_hf.csvfor training/evaluation; it contains only the necessary fields for modeling and sharing. - If you need to regenerate the reduced CSV from
SOURCE.csv, run:
python3 scripts/filter_source_csv.py
Citation
If you use this dataset or code, please cite:
- Paul D. Hellyer, empirical evaluation of citators (see link above).
- Validate Your Authority: Benchmarking LLMs on Multi‑Label Precedent Treatment Classification (link forthcoming).
- Downloads last month
- 9