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ms-train-0
A 53-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 1-day history of fever and chills, severe malaise, and cough with yellow-green sputum. He works as a commercial fisherman on Lake Superior. Current medications include metoprolol and warfarin. His temperature is 38.5 C (101.3 F), pulse is 96/min, respirations are 26...
0 | A 53-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 1-day history of fever and chills, severe malaise, and cough with yellow-green sputum. 1 | He works as a commercial fisherman on Lake Superior. 2 | Current medications include metoprolol and warfarin. 3 | His temperature is 38.5 C (101.3 F), pulse is 96/min, res...
true
causalOrganism
5
After reviewing imaging, the causal pathogen was determined to be Haemophilus influenzae.
After reviewing imaging, the causal pathogen was determined to be Streptococcus pneumoniae.
A 53-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 1-day history of fever and chills, severe malaise, and cough with yellow-green sputum. He works as a commercial fisherman on Lake Superior. Current medications include metoprolol and warfarin. His temperature is 38.5 C (101.3 F), pulse is 96/min, respirations are 26...
ms-train-1
A 53-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 1-day history of fever and chills, severe malaise, and cough with yellow-green sputum. He works as a commercial fisherman on Lake Superior. Current medications include metoprolol and warfarin. His temperature is 38.5 C (101.3 F), pulse is 96/min, respirations are 26...
0 | A 53-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 1-day history of fever and chills, severe malaise, and cough with yellow-green sputum. 1 | He works as a commercial fisherman on Lake Superior. 2 | Current medications include metoprolol and warfarin. 3 | His temperature is 38.5 C (101.3 F), pulse is 96/min, res...
false
NA
-1
NA.
NA.
NA
ms-train-2
A 9-year-old girl is brought to the pediatrician by her mother who reports that the girl has been complaining of genital itching over the past few days. She states she has noticed her daughter scratching her buttocks and anus for the past week; however, now she is scratching her groin quite profusely as well. The mothe...
0 | A 9-year-old girl is brought to the pediatrician by her mother who reports that the girl has been complaining of genital itching over the past few days. 1 | She states she has noticed her daughter scratching her buttocks and anus for the past week; however, now she is scratching her groin quite profusely as well. 2...
true
causalOrganism
8
Suspected of infection with Giardia lamblia.
Suspected of infection with Enterobius vermicularis.
A 9-year-old girl is brought to the pediatrician by her mother who reports that the girl has been complaining of genital itching over the past few days. She states she has noticed her daughter scratching her buttocks and anus for the past week; however, now she is scratching her groin quite profusely as well. The mothe...
ms-train-3
A 9-year-old girl is brought to the pediatrician by her mother who reports that the girl has been complaining of genital itching over the past few days. She states she has noticed her daughter scratching her buttocks and anus for the past week; however, now she is scratching her groin quite profusely as well. The mothe...
0 | A 9-year-old girl is brought to the pediatrician by her mother who reports that the girl has been complaining of genital itching over the past few days. 1 | She states she has noticed her daughter scratching her buttocks and anus for the past week; however, now she is scratching her groin quite profusely as well. 2...
false
NA
-1
NA.
NA.
NA
ms-train-4
Blood cultures are sent to the laboratory. Intravenous antibiotic therapy is started. Transesophageal echocardiography shows a large, oscillating vegetation attached to the tricuspid valve. Causal organism is Staphylococcus epidermidis. There are multiple small vegetations attached to tips of the tricuspid valve leafle...
0 | Blood cultures are sent to the laboratory. 1 | Intravenous antibiotic therapy is started. 2 | Transesophageal echocardiography shows a large, oscillating vegetation attached to the tricuspid valve. 3 | Causal organism is Staphylococcus epidermidis. 4 | There are multiple small vegetations attached to tips of the tr...
true
causalOrganism
3
Causal organism is Staphylococcus epidermidis.
Causal organism is Staphylococcus aureus.
Blood cultures are sent to the laboratory. Intravenous antibiotic therapy is started. Transesophageal echocardiography shows a large, oscillating vegetation attached to the tricuspid valve. Causal organism is Staphylococcus aureus. There are multiple small vegetations attached to tips of the tricuspid valve leaflets. T...
ms-train-5
Blood cultures are sent to the laboratory. Intravenous antibiotic therapy is started. Transesophageal echocardiography shows a large, oscillating vegetation attached to the tricuspid valve. There are multiple small vegetations attached to tips of the tricuspid valve leaflets. There is moderate tricuspid regurgitation. ...
0 | Blood cultures are sent to the laboratory. 1 | Intravenous antibiotic therapy is started. 2 | Transesophageal echocardiography shows a large, oscillating vegetation attached to the tricuspid valve. 3 | There are multiple small vegetations attached to tips of the tricuspid valve leaflets. 4 | There is moderate tricu...
false
NA
-1
NA.
NA.
NA
ms-train-6
A 5-year-old male is brought to the pediatrician with complaints of a painful mouth/gums, and vesicular lesions on the lips and buccal mucosa for the past 4 days. The patient has not been able to eat or drink due to the pain and has been irritable. The patient also reports muscle aches. His vital signs are as follows: ...
0 | A 5-year-old male is brought to the pediatrician with complaints of a painful mouth/gums, and vesicular lesions on the lips and buccal mucosa for the past 4 days. 1 | The patient has not been able to eat or drink due to the pain and has been irritable. 2 | The patient also reports muscle aches. 3 | His vital signs ...
true
causalOrganism
5
Patient is diagnosed with an EBV infection.
Patient is diagnosed with an HSV-1 infection.
A 5-year-old male is brought to the pediatrician with complaints of a painful mouth/gums, and vesicular lesions on the lips and buccal mucosa for the past 4 days. The patient has not been able to eat or drink due to the pain and has been irritable. The patient also reports muscle aches. His vital signs are as follows: ...
ms-train-7
A 5-year-old male is brought to the pediatrician with complaints of a painful mouth/gums, and vesicular lesions on the lips and buccal mucosa for the past 4 days. The patient has not been able to eat or drink due to the pain and has been irritable. The patient also reports muscle aches. His vital signs are as follows: ...
0 | A 5-year-old male is brought to the pediatrician with complaints of a painful mouth/gums, and vesicular lesions on the lips and buccal mucosa for the past 4 days. 1 | The patient has not been able to eat or drink due to the pain and has been irritable. 2 | The patient also reports muscle aches. 3 | His vital signs ...
false
NA
-1
NA.
NA.
NA
ms-train-8
A previously healthy 48-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 2-week history of a nonpruritic rash on his right forearm. The rash began as pustules and progressed to form nodules and ulcers. He works as a gardener. Physical examination shows right axillary lymphadenopathy and the findings in the photograph. ...
0 | A previously healthy 48-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 2-week history of a nonpruritic rash on his right forearm. 1 | The rash began as pustules and progressed to form nodules and ulcers. 2 | He works as a gardener. 3 | Physical examination shows right axillary lymphadenopathy and the findings in ...
true
causalOrganism
4
Bartonella henselae was determined as the causal organism.
Sporothrix schenckii was determined as the causal organism.
A previously healthy 48-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 2-week history of a nonpruritic rash on his right forearm. The rash began as pustules and progressed to form nodules and ulcers. He works as a gardener. Physical examination shows right axillary lymphadenopathy and the findings in the photograph. ...
ms-train-9
A 23-year-old man comes to the physician because of a painless swelling on the left side of his jaw for 2 months. It has been progressively increasing in size and is draining thick, foul-smelling fluid. He had a molar extracted 3 months ago. Examination shows a 4-cm, tender, erythematous mass in the left submandibular ...
0 | A 23-year-old man comes to the physician because of a painless swelling on the left side of his jaw for 2 months. 1 | It has been progressively increasing in size and is draining thick, foul-smelling fluid. 2 | He had a molar extracted 3 months ago. 3 | Examination shows a 4-cm, tender, erythematous mass in the lef...
true
causalOrganism
6
Culture confirms Nocardia asteroides.
Culture confirms Actinomyces israelii.
A 23-year-old man comes to the physician because of a painless swelling on the left side of his jaw for 2 months. It has been progressively increasing in size and is draining thick, foul-smelling fluid. He had a molar extracted 3 months ago. Examination shows a 4-cm, tender, erythematous mass in the left submandibular ...
ms-train-10
A 34-year-old man comes to the physician because of fatigue and shortness of breath with moderate exertion for the past 2 months. Over the past 10 days, he has had low-grade fevers and night sweats. He has no history of serious illness except for a bicuspid aortic valve diagnosed 5 years ago. He has smoked one pack of ...
0 | A 34-year-old man comes to the physician because of fatigue and shortness of breath with moderate exertion for the past 2 months. 1 | Over the past 10 days, he has had low-grade fevers and night sweats. 2 | He has no history of serious illness except for a bicuspid aortic valve diagnosed 5 years ago. 3 | He has smo...
true
causalOrganism
10
Culture reports indicate the presence of streptococcus gallolyticus.
Culture reports indicate the presence of Streptococcus sanguinis.
A 34-year-old man comes to the physician because of fatigue and shortness of breath with moderate exertion for the past 2 months. Over the past 10 days, he has had low-grade fevers and night sweats. He has no history of serious illness except for a bicuspid aortic valve diagnosed 5 years ago. He has smoked one pack of ...
ms-train-11
A 34-year-old man comes to the physician because of fatigue and shortness of breath with moderate exertion for the past 2 months. Over the past 10 days, he has had low-grade fevers and night sweats. He has no history of serious illness except for a bicuspid aortic valve diagnosed 5 years ago. He has smoked one pack of ...
0 | A 34-year-old man comes to the physician because of fatigue and shortness of breath with moderate exertion for the past 2 months. 1 | Over the past 10 days, he has had low-grade fevers and night sweats. 2 | He has no history of serious illness except for a bicuspid aortic valve diagnosed 5 years ago. 3 | He has smo...
false
NA
-1
NA.
NA.
NA
ms-train-12
Two days after hospital admission and surgical treatment for a cut on his right thigh from a sickle, a 35-year-old man has fever, chills, and intense pain. The wound is swollen. He had a similar injury 4 months ago that resolved following treatment with bacitracin ointment and daily dressings. He works on a farm on the...
0 | Two days after hospital admission and surgical treatment for a cut on his right thigh from a sickle, a 35-year-old man has fever, chills, and intense pain. 1 | The wound is swollen. 2 | He had a similar injury 4 months ago that resolved following treatment with bacitracin ointment and daily dressings. 3 | He works ...
true
causalOrganism
10
Patient has a Rhizopus oryzae infection.
Patient has a Clostridium perfringens infection.
Two days after hospital admission and surgical treatment for a cut on his right thigh from a sickle, a 35-year-old man has fever, chills, and intense pain. The wound is swollen. He had a similar injury 4 months ago that resolved following treatment with bacitracin ointment and daily dressings. He works on a farm on the...
ms-train-13
A 27-year-old man comes to the physician with throbbing right scrotal pain for 1 day. He has also had a burning sensation on urination during the last 4 days. He is sexually active with multiple female partners and does not use condoms. Physical examination shows a tender, palpable swelling on the upper pole of the rig...
0 | A 27-year-old man comes to the physician with throbbing right scrotal pain for 1 day. 1 | He has also had a burning sensation on urination during the last 4 days. 2 | He is sexually active with multiple female partners and does not use condoms. 3 | Physical examination shows a tender, palpable swelling on the upper...
true
causalOrganism
5
Further evaluation reveals Neisseria gonorrhoeae as the causal pathogen.
Further evaluation reveals chlamydia trachomatis as the causal pathogen.
A 27-year-old man comes to the physician with throbbing right scrotal pain for 1 day. He has also had a burning sensation on urination during the last 4 days. He is sexually active with multiple female partners and does not use condoms. Physical examination shows a tender, palpable swelling on the upper pole of the rig...
ms-train-14
A previously healthy 24-year-old woman comes to the physician because of fever, headache, myalgia, photophobia, and a nonproductive cough for 2 days. Three weeks ago, she received a parrot as a birthday present. Her temperature is 38.5 C (101.3 F). Pulmonary examination shows crackles at both lung bases. Her leukocyte ...
0 | A previously healthy 24-year-old woman comes to the physician because of fever, headache, myalgia, photophobia, and a nonproductive cough for 2 days. 1 | Three weeks ago, she received a parrot as a birthday present. 2 | Her temperature is 38.5 C (101.3 F). 3 | Pulmonary examination shows crackles at both lung bases...
true
causalOrganism
5
Coxiella burneti infection is confirmed after an x-ray of the chest shows diffuse patchy infiltrates that are most prominent in the lower lobes.
Chlamydophila psittaci infection is confirmed after an x-ray of the chest shows diffuse patchy infiltrates that are most prominent in the lower lobes.
A previously healthy 24-year-old woman comes to the physician because of fever, headache, myalgia, photophobia, and a nonproductive cough for 2 days. Three weeks ago, she received a parrot as a birthday present. Her temperature is 38.5 C (101.3 F). Pulmonary examination shows crackles at both lung bases. Her leukocyte ...
ms-train-15
A previously healthy 24-year-old woman comes to the physician because of fever, headache, myalgia, photophobia, and a nonproductive cough for 2 days. Three weeks ago, she received a parrot as a birthday present. Her temperature is 38.5 C (101.3 F). Pulmonary examination shows crackles at both lung bases. Her leukocyte ...
0 | A previously healthy 24-year-old woman comes to the physician because of fever, headache, myalgia, photophobia, and a nonproductive cough for 2 days. 1 | Three weeks ago, she received a parrot as a birthday present. 2 | Her temperature is 38.5 C (101.3 F). 3 | Pulmonary examination shows crackles at both lung bases...
false
NA
-1
NA.
NA.
NA
ms-train-16
A previously healthy 15-year-old girl is brought to the emergency department 24 hours after the onset of a severe headache. She returned from a 1-week camping trip 3 days ago; she went spelunking and swimming in a freshwater lake during the trip. She is agitated, uncooperative, and oriented only to person. Her temperat...
0 | A previously healthy 15-year-old girl is brought to the emergency department 24 hours after the onset of a severe headache. 1 | She returned from a 1-week camping trip 3 days ago; she went spelunking and swimming in a freshwater lake during the trip. 2 | She is agitated, uncooperative, and oriented only to person. ...
true
causalOrganism
17
The patient is infected by Neisseria meningitidis.
The patient is infected by herpes simplex virus.
A previously healthy 15-year-old girl is brought to the emergency department 24 hours after the onset of a severe headache. She returned from a 1-week camping trip 3 days ago; she went spelunking and swimming in a freshwater lake during the trip. She is agitated, uncooperative, and oriented only to person. Her temperat...
ms-train-17
A previously healthy 15-year-old girl is brought to the emergency department 24 hours after the onset of a severe headache. She returned from a 1-week camping trip 3 days ago; she went spelunking and swimming in a freshwater lake during the trip. She is agitated, uncooperative, and oriented only to person. Her temperat...
0 | A previously healthy 15-year-old girl is brought to the emergency department 24 hours after the onset of a severe headache. 1 | She returned from a 1-week camping trip 3 days ago; she went spelunking and swimming in a freshwater lake during the trip. 2 | She is agitated, uncooperative, and oriented only to person. ...
false
NA
-1
NA.
NA.
NA
ms-train-18
A 47-year-old woman comes to the emergency department because of worsening pain, discoloration, and swelling of her right hand. Two days ago, she was camping outdoors in Texas with her two young children. She was awoken in the middle of the night by "something crawling on my hand." The following morning, she saw a woun...
0 | A 47-year-old woman comes to the emergency department because of worsening pain, discoloration, and swelling of her right hand. 1 | Two days ago, she was camping outdoors in Texas with her two young children. 2 | She was awoken in the middle of the night by "something crawling on my hand." 3 | The following morning...
true
causalOrganism
4
Yesterday, the lesion turned blue with a blackish discoloration at the center indicating a black widow spider bite.
Yesterday, the lesion turned blue with a blackish discoloration at the center indicating a brown recluse spider bite.
A 47-year-old woman comes to the emergency department because of worsening pain, discoloration, and swelling of her right hand. Two days ago, she was camping outdoors in Texas with her two young children. She was awoken in the middle of the night by "something crawling on my hand." The following morning, she saw a woun...
ms-train-19
A 47-year-old woman comes to the emergency department because of worsening pain, discoloration, and swelling of her right hand. Two days ago, she was camping outdoors in Texas with her two young children. She was awoken in the middle of the night by "something crawling on my hand." The following morning, she saw a woun...
0 | A 47-year-old woman comes to the emergency department because of worsening pain, discoloration, and swelling of her right hand. 1 | Two days ago, she was camping outdoors in Texas with her two young children. 2 | She was awoken in the middle of the night by "something crawling on my hand." 3 | The following morning...
false
NA
-1
NA.
NA.
NA
ms-train-20
A 21-year-old man presents to the emergency room complaining of pain upon urination and a watery discharge from his penis. It started a few days ago and has been getting progressively worse. His temperature is 98.0 F (36.7 C), blood pressure is 122/74 mmHg, pulse is 83/min, respirations are 14/min, and oxygen saturatio...
0 | A 21-year-old man presents to the emergency room complaining of pain upon urination and a watery discharge from his penis. 1 | It started a few days ago and has been getting progressively worse. 2 | His temperature is 98.0 F (36.7 C), blood pressure is 122/74 mmHg, pulse is 83/min, respirations are 14/min, and oxyg...
true
causalOrganism
5
Patient's symptoms are the result of infection with Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
Patient's symptoms are the result of infection with chlamydia trachomatis.
A 21-year-old man presents to the emergency room complaining of pain upon urination and a watery discharge from his penis. It started a few days ago and has been getting progressively worse. His temperature is 98.0 F (36.7 C), blood pressure is 122/74 mmHg, pulse is 83/min, respirations are 14/min, and oxygen saturatio...
ms-train-21
A 21-year-old man presents to the emergency room complaining of pain upon urination and a watery discharge from his penis. It started a few days ago and has been getting progressively worse. His temperature is 98.0 F (36.7 C), blood pressure is 122/74 mmHg, pulse is 83/min, respirations are 14/min, and oxygen saturatio...
0 | A 21-year-old man presents to the emergency room complaining of pain upon urination and a watery discharge from his penis. 1 | It started a few days ago and has been getting progressively worse. 2 | His temperature is 98.0 F (36.7 C), blood pressure is 122/74 mmHg, pulse is 83/min, respirations are 14/min, and oxyg...
false
NA
-1
NA.
NA.
NA
ms-train-22
A 64-year-old man is brought to the emergency department because of fever, chills, shortness of breath, chest pain, and a productive cough with bloody sputum for the past several days. He has metastatic pancreatic cancer and is currently undergoing polychemotherapy. His temperature is 38.3 C (101 F). Pulmonary examinat...
0 | A 64-year-old man is brought to the emergency department because of fever, chills, shortness of breath, chest pain, and a productive cough with bloody sputum for the past several days. 1 | He has metastatic pancreatic cancer and is currently undergoing polychemotherapy. 2 | His temperature is 38.3 C (101 F). 3 | Pu...
true
causalOrganism
5
Histoplasma capsulatum was determined as the causal pathogen.
Aspergillus fumigatus was determined as the causal pathogen.
A 64-year-old man is brought to the emergency department because of fever, chills, shortness of breath, chest pain, and a productive cough with bloody sputum for the past several days. He has metastatic pancreatic cancer and is currently undergoing polychemotherapy. His temperature is 38.3 C (101 F). Pulmonary examinat...
ms-train-23
A 64-year-old man is brought to the emergency department because of fever, chills, shortness of breath, chest pain, and a productive cough with bloody sputum for the past several days. He has metastatic pancreatic cancer and is currently undergoing polychemotherapy. His temperature is 38.3 C (101 F). Pulmonary examinat...
0 | A 64-year-old man is brought to the emergency department because of fever, chills, shortness of breath, chest pain, and a productive cough with bloody sputum for the past several days. 1 | He has metastatic pancreatic cancer and is currently undergoing polychemotherapy. 2 | His temperature is 38.3 C (101 F). 3 | Pu...
false
NA
-1
NA.
NA.
NA
ms-train-24
A 22-year-old female is hospitalized with fever and hypotension refractory to fluid resuscitation. Her vital signs are as follows: T 39.0 C, P 110, BP 86/52, RR 12, SpO2 98%. Physical exam reveals diffuse macular erythroderma (Figure A) and the following findings of the conjunctiva (Figure B) and oral cavity (Figure C)...
0 | A 22-year-old female is hospitalized with fever and hypotension refractory to fluid resuscitation. 1 | Her vital signs are as follows: T 39.0 C, P 110, BP 86/52, RR 12, SpO2 98%. 2 | Physical exam reveals diffuse macular erythroderma (Figure A) and the following findings of the conjunctiva (Figure B) and oral cavit...
true
causalOrganism
6
Gram stain reveals an aerobic, gram-positive cocci in chains.
Gram stain reveals a facultative anaerobic, gram-positive cocci in clusters.
A 22-year-old female is hospitalized with fever and hypotension refractory to fluid resuscitation. Her vital signs are as follows: T 39.0 C, P 110, BP 86/52, RR 12, SpO2 98%. Physical exam reveals diffuse macular erythroderma (Figure A) and the following findings of the conjunctiva (Figure B) and oral cavity (Figure C)...
ms-train-25
A 2-year-old boy with a history of multiple hospitalizations for fever and infection undergoes immunologic evaluation. Pathology reports indicate Pneumocystis species. Serum CH50 assay shows inappropriately low erythrocyte lysis and further workup confirms C8 deficiency.
0 | A 2-year-old boy with a history of multiple hospitalizations for fever and infection undergoes immunologic evaluation. 1 | Pathology reports indicate Pneumocystis species. 2 | Serum CH50 assay shows inappropriately low erythrocyte lysis and further workup confirms C8 deficiency.
true
causalOrganism
1
Pathology reports indicate Pneumocystis species.
Pathology reports indicate Neisseria species.
A 2-year-old boy with a history of multiple hospitalizations for fever and infection undergoes immunologic evaluation. Pathology reports indicate Neisseria species. Serum CH50 assay shows inappropriately low erythrocyte lysis and further workup confirms C8 deficiency.
ms-train-26
A 2-year-old boy with a history of multiple hospitalizations for fever and infection undergoes immunologic evaluation. Serum CH50 assay shows inappropriately low erythrocyte lysis and further workup confirms C8 deficiency. Pathology reports indicate Neisseria species.
0 | A 2-year-old boy with a history of multiple hospitalizations for fever and infection undergoes immunologic evaluation. 1 | Serum CH50 assay shows inappropriately low erythrocyte lysis and further workup confirms C8 deficiency. 2 | Pathology reports indicate Neisseria species.
false
NA
-1
NA.
NA.
NA
ms-train-27
A 9-year-old boy is brought to the physician for evaluation of a 3-day history of fever, sore throat, and itchy, red eyes. His symptoms began while he was away at summer camp. His immunizations are not up-to-date. He appears ill. His temperature is 39.1 C (102.3 F). Physical examination shows erythema and edema of the ...
0 | A 9-year-old boy is brought to the physician for evaluation of a 3-day history of fever, sore throat, and itchy, red eyes. 1 | His symptoms began while he was away at summer camp. 2 | His immunizations are not up-to-date. 3 | He appears ill. 4 | His temperature is 39.1 C (102.3 F). 5 | Physical examination shows er...
true
causalOrganism
7
Further evaluation shows infection with a DNA virus, specifically human herpes virus 4.
Further evaluation shows infection with a DNA virus, a specifically adenovirus.
A 9-year-old boy is brought to the physician for evaluation of a 3-day history of fever, sore throat, and itchy, red eyes. His symptoms began while he was away at summer camp. His immunizations are not up-to-date. He appears ill. His temperature is 39.1 C (102.3 F). Physical examination shows erythema and edema of the ...
ms-train-28
A 9-year-old boy is brought to the physician for evaluation of a 3-day history of fever, sore throat, and itchy, red eyes. His symptoms began while he was away at summer camp. His immunizations are not up-to-date. He appears ill. His temperature is 39.1 C (102.3 F). Physical examination shows erythema and edema of the ...
0 | A 9-year-old boy is brought to the physician for evaluation of a 3-day history of fever, sore throat, and itchy, red eyes. 1 | His symptoms began while he was away at summer camp. 2 | His immunizations are not up-to-date. 3 | He appears ill. 4 | His temperature is 39.1 C (102.3 F). 5 | Physical examination shows er...
false
NA
-1
NA.
NA.
NA
ms-train-29
A previously healthy 5-year-old boy with a suspected paramyxovirus infection is brought to the physician because of increasing weakness and a retroauricular rash that started 2 days ago. The rash spread rapidly and involves the trunk and extremities. Last week, he had a mild sore throat, pink eyes, and a headache. His ...
0 | A previously healthy 5-year-old boy with a suspected paramyxovirus infection is brought to the physician because of increasing weakness and a retroauricular rash that started 2 days ago. 1 | The rash spread rapidly and involves the trunk and extremities. 2 | Last week, he had a mild sore throat, pink eyes, and a he...
true
causalOrganism
0
A previously healthy 5-year-old boy with a suspected paramyxovirus infection is brought to the physician because of increasing weakness and a retroauricular rash that started 2 days ago.
A previously healthy 5-year-old boy with a suspected togavirus infection is brought to the physician because of increasing weakness and a retroauricular rash that started 2 days ago.
A previously healthy 5-year-old boy with a suspected togavirus infection is brought to the physician because of increasing weakness and a retroauricular rash that started 2 days ago. The rash spread rapidly and involves the trunk and extremities. Last week, he had a mild sore throat, pink eyes, and a headache. His fami...
ms-train-30
A previously healthy 5-year-old boy is brought to the physician because of increasing weakness and a retroauricular rash that started 2 days ago. The rash spread rapidly and involves the trunk and extremities. Last week, he had a mild sore throat, pink eyes, and a headache. His family recently immigrated from Ethiopia....
0 | A previously healthy 5-year-old boy is brought to the physician because of increasing weakness and a retroauricular rash that started 2 days ago. 1 | The rash spread rapidly and involves the trunk and extremities. 2 | Last week, he had a mild sore throat, pink eyes, and a headache. 3 | His family recently immigrate...
false
NA
-1
NA.
NA.
NA
ms-train-31
A 3100-g (6.9-lb) male newborn is brought to the emergency department by his mother because of fever and irritability. The newborn was delivered at home 15 hours ago. He was born at 39 weeks' gestation. The mother's last prenatal visit was at the beginning of the first trimester. She received all standard immunizations...
0 | A 3100-g (6.9-lb) male newborn is brought to the emergency department by his mother because of fever and irritability. 1 | The newborn was delivered at home 15 hours ago. 2 | He was born at 39 weeks' gestation. 3 | The mother's last prenatal visit was at the beginning of the first trimester. 4 | She received all st...
true
causalOrganism
17
Diagnosis was caused by herpes simplex virus.
Diagnosis was caused by Streptococcus agalactiae.
A 3100-g (6.9-lb) male newborn is brought to the emergency department by his mother because of fever and irritability. The newborn was delivered at home 15 hours ago. He was born at 39 weeks' gestation. The mother's last prenatal visit was at the beginning of the first trimester. She received all standard immunizations...
ms-train-32
A 3100-g (6.9-lb) male newborn is brought to the emergency department by his mother because of fever and irritability. The newborn was delivered at home 15 hours ago. He was born at 39 weeks' gestation. The mother's last prenatal visit was at the beginning of the first trimester. She received all standard immunizations...
0 | A 3100-g (6.9-lb) male newborn is brought to the emergency department by his mother because of fever and irritability. 1 | The newborn was delivered at home 15 hours ago. 2 | He was born at 39 weeks' gestation. 3 | The mother's last prenatal visit was at the beginning of the first trimester. 4 | She received all st...
false
NA
-1
NA.
NA.
NA
ms-train-33
A 63-year-old man with aortic valve disease is admitted to the hospital for a 3-week history of progressively worsening fatigue, fever, and night sweats. He does not smoke, drink alcohol, or use illicit drugs. Temperature is 38.2 C (100.8 F). Physical examination shows a systolic murmur and tender, erythematous nodules...
0 | A 63-year-old man with aortic valve disease is admitted to the hospital for a 3-week history of progressively worsening fatigue, fever, and night sweats. 1 | He does not smoke, drink alcohol, or use illicit drugs. 2 | Temperature is 38.2 C (100.8 F). 3 | Physical examination shows a systolic murmur and tender, eryt...
true
causalOrganism
4
Patient is diagnosed with a streptococcus gallolyticus infection after blood cultures show alpha-hemolytic, gram-positive cocci that are catalase-negative and optochin-resistant.
Patient is diagnosed with a Viridans streptococci infection after blood cultures show alpha-hemolytic, gram-positive cocci that are catalase-negative and optochin-resistant.
A 63-year-old man with aortic valve disease is admitted to the hospital for a 3-week history of progressively worsening fatigue, fever, and night sweats. He does not smoke, drink alcohol, or use illicit drugs. Temperature is 38.2 C (100.8 F). Physical examination shows a systolic murmur and tender, erythematous nodules...
ms-train-34
A 63-year-old man with aortic valve disease is admitted to the hospital for a 3-week history of progressively worsening fatigue, fever, and night sweats. He does not smoke, drink alcohol, or use illicit drugs. Temperature is 38.2 C (100.8 F). Physical examination shows a systolic murmur and tender, erythematous nodules...
0 | A 63-year-old man with aortic valve disease is admitted to the hospital for a 3-week history of progressively worsening fatigue, fever, and night sweats. 1 | He does not smoke, drink alcohol, or use illicit drugs. 2 | Temperature is 38.2 C (100.8 F). 3 | Physical examination shows a systolic murmur and tender, eryt...
false
NA
-1
NA.
NA.
NA
ms-train-35
A 42-year-old woman comes to the physician because of episodic abdominal pain and fullness for 1 month. She works as an assistant at an animal shelter and helps to feed and bathe the animals. Physical examination shows hepatomegaly. Abdominal ultrasound shows a 4-cm calcified cyst with several daughter cysts in the liv...
0 | A 42-year-old woman comes to the physician because of episodic abdominal pain and fullness for 1 month. 1 | She works as an assistant at an animal shelter and helps to feed and bathe the animals. 2 | Physical examination shows hepatomegaly. 3 | Abdominal ultrasound shows a 4-cm calcified cyst with several daughter ...
true
causalOrganism
7
The patient is infected with Ascaris lumbricoides.
The patient is infected with Echinococcus granulosus.
A 42-year-old woman comes to the physician because of episodic abdominal pain and fullness for 1 month. She works as an assistant at an animal shelter and helps to feed and bathe the animals. Physical examination shows hepatomegaly. Abdominal ultrasound shows a 4-cm calcified cyst with several daughter cysts in the liv...
ms-train-36
A 42-year-old woman with a possible Echinococcus granulosus infection comes to the physician because of episodic abdominal pain and fullness for 1 month. She works as an assistant at an animal shelter and helps to feed and bathe the animals. Physical examination shows hepatomegaly. Abdominal ultrasound shows a 4-cm cal...
0 | A 42-year-old woman with a possible Echinococcus granulosus infection comes to the physician because of episodic abdominal pain and fullness for 1 month. 1 | She works as an assistant at an animal shelter and helps to feed and bathe the animals. 2 | Physical examination shows hepatomegaly. 3 | Abdominal ultrasound ...
false
NA
-1
NA.
NA.
NA
ms-train-37
A 28-year-old woman with suspected Enterococcus faecalis infection comes to the physician because of a 4-day history of lower abdominal pain and pain with urination. Five months ago, she was treated for gonococcal urethritis. She recently moved in with her newlywed husband. She is sexually active with her husband and t...
0 | A 28-year-old woman with suspected Enterococcus faecalis infection comes to the physician because of a 4-day history of lower abdominal pain and pain with urination. 1 | Five months ago, she was treated for gonococcal urethritis. 2 | She recently moved in with her newlywed husband. 3 | She is sexually active with h...
true
causalOrganism
0
A 28-year-old woman with suspected Enterococcus faecalis infection comes to the physician because of a 4-day history of lower abdominal pain and pain with urination.
A 28-year-old woman with suspected Escherichia coli infection comes to the physician because of a 4-day history of lower abdominal pain and pain with urination.
A 28-year-old woman with suspected Escherichia coli infection comes to the physician because of a 4-day history of lower abdominal pain and pain with urination. Five months ago, she was treated for gonococcal urethritis. She recently moved in with her newlywed husband. She is sexually active with her husband and they d...
ms-train-38
A 28-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 4-day history of lower abdominal pain and pain with urination. Five months ago, she was treated for gonococcal urethritis. She recently moved in with her newlywed husband. She is sexually active with her husband and they do not use condoms. Her only medication is ...
0 | A 28-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 4-day history of lower abdominal pain and pain with urination. 1 | Five months ago, she was treated for gonococcal urethritis. 2 | She recently moved in with her newlywed husband. 3 | She is sexually active with her husband and they do not use condoms. 4 | Her...
false
NA
-1
NA.
NA.
NA
ms-train-39
A previously healthy 6-week-old infant is brought to the emergency department because of fever, fatigue, and dry cough for one day. She has been feeding poorly and had difficulty latching on to breastfeed since yesterday. She has had nasal congestion. The mother reports that her daughter has not been going through as m...
0 | A previously healthy 6-week-old infant is brought to the emergency department because of fever, fatigue, and dry cough for one day. 1 | She has been feeding poorly and had difficulty latching on to breastfeed since yesterday. 2 | She has had nasal congestion. 3 | The mother reports that her daughter has not been go...
true
causalOrganism
15
Diagnosis caused by streptococcus pneumoniae.
Diagnosis caused by respiratory syncytial virus.
A previously healthy 6-week-old infant is brought to the emergency department because of fever, fatigue, and dry cough for one day. She has been feeding poorly and had difficulty latching on to breastfeed since yesterday. She has had nasal congestion. The mother reports that her daughter has not been going through as m...
ms-train-40
A previously healthy 6-week-old infant is brought to the emergency department because of fever, fatigue, and dry cough for one day. She has been feeding poorly and had difficulty latching on to breastfeed since yesterday. She has had nasal congestion. The mother reports that her daughter has not been going through as m...
0 | A previously healthy 6-week-old infant is brought to the emergency department because of fever, fatigue, and dry cough for one day. 1 | She has been feeding poorly and had difficulty latching on to breastfeed since yesterday. 2 | She has had nasal congestion. 3 | The mother reports that her daughter has not been go...
false
NA
-1
NA.
NA.
NA
ms-train-41
A 45-year-old woman comes to the emergency department because of abdominal cramping, vomiting, and watery diarrhea for the past 4 hours. One day ago, she went to a seafood restaurant with her family to celebrate her birthday. Cultures grew salmonella enterica. Three of the attendees have developed similar symptoms. The...
0 | A 45-year-old woman comes to the emergency department because of abdominal cramping, vomiting, and watery diarrhea for the past 4 hours. 1 | One day ago, she went to a seafood restaurant with her family to celebrate her birthday. 2 | Cultures grew salmonella enterica. 3 | Three of the attendees have developed simil...
true
causalOrganism
2
Cultures grew salmonella enterica.
Cultures grew Vibrio parahaemolyticus.
A 45-year-old woman comes to the emergency department because of abdominal cramping, vomiting, and watery diarrhea for the past 4 hours. One day ago, she went to a seafood restaurant with her family to celebrate her birthday. Cultures grew Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Three of the attendees have developed similar symptoms....
ms-train-42
A 45-year-old woman comes to the emergency department because of abdominal cramping, vomiting, and watery diarrhea for the past 4 hours. One day ago, she went to a seafood restaurant with her family to celebrate her birthday. Three of the attendees have developed similar symptoms. The patient appears lethargic. Her tem...
0 | A 45-year-old woman comes to the emergency department because of abdominal cramping, vomiting, and watery diarrhea for the past 4 hours. 1 | One day ago, she went to a seafood restaurant with her family to celebrate her birthday. 2 | Three of the attendees have developed similar symptoms. 3 | The patient appears le...
false
NA
-1
NA.
NA.
NA
ms-train-43
A 45-year-old man comes to the emergency department because of chills and numerous skin lesions for 1 week. He has also had watery diarrhea, nausea, and abdominal pain for the past 2 weeks. The skin lesions are nonpruritic and painless. He was diagnosed with HIV infection approximately 20 years ago. He has not taken an...
0 | A 45-year-old man comes to the emergency department because of chills and numerous skin lesions for 1 week. 1 | He has also had watery diarrhea, nausea, and abdominal pain for the past 2 weeks. 2 | The skin lesions are nonpruritic and painless. 3 | He was diagnosed with HIV infection approximately 20 years ago. 4 |...
true
causalOrganism
13
Pathology report indicates infection by HHV-8 virus.
Pathology report indicates infection Bartonella henselae.
A 45-year-old man comes to the emergency department because of chills and numerous skin lesions for 1 week. He has also had watery diarrhea, nausea, and abdominal pain for the past 2 weeks. The skin lesions are nonpruritic and painless. He was diagnosed with HIV infection approximately 20 years ago. He has not taken an...
ms-train-44
A 45-year-old man comes to the emergency department because of chills and numerous skin lesions for 1 week. He has also had watery diarrhea, nausea, and abdominal pain for the past 2 weeks. The skin lesions are nonpruritic and painless. He was diagnosed with HIV infection approximately 20 years ago. He has not taken an...
0 | A 45-year-old man comes to the emergency department because of chills and numerous skin lesions for 1 week. 1 | He has also had watery diarrhea, nausea, and abdominal pain for the past 2 weeks. 2 | The skin lesions are nonpruritic and painless. 3 | He was diagnosed with HIV infection approximately 20 years ago. 4 |...
false
NA
-1
NA.
NA.
NA
ms-train-45
A 35-year-old man comes to the emergency department with fever, chills, dyspnea, and a productive cough. His symptoms began suddenly 2 days ago. He was diagnosed with HIV 4 years ago and has been on triple antiretroviral therapy since then. He smokes one pack of cigarettes daily. He is 181 cm (5 ft 11 in) tall and weig...
0 | A 35-year-old man comes to the emergency department with fever, chills, dyspnea, and a productive cough. 1 | His symptoms began suddenly 2 days ago. 2 | He was diagnosed with HIV 4 years ago and has been on triple antiretroviral therapy since then. 3 | He smokes one pack of cigarettes daily. 4 | He is 181 cm (5 ft ...
true
causalOrganism
10
Given the following findings, Pneumocystis jirovecii is the causal organism of this patient's infection.
Given the following findings, Streptococcus pneumoniae is the causal organism of this patient's infection.
A 35-year-old man comes to the emergency department with fever, chills, dyspnea, and a productive cough. His symptoms began suddenly 2 days ago. He was diagnosed with HIV 4 years ago and has been on triple antiretroviral therapy since then. He smokes one pack of cigarettes daily. He is 181 cm (5 ft 11 in) tall and weig...
ms-train-46
A 35-year-old man comes to the emergency department with fever, chills, dyspnea, and a productive cough. His symptoms began suddenly 2 days ago. He was diagnosed with HIV 4 years ago and has been on triple antiretroviral therapy since then. He smokes one pack of cigarettes daily. He is 181 cm (5 ft 11 in) tall and weig...
0 | A 35-year-old man comes to the emergency department with fever, chills, dyspnea, and a productive cough. 1 | His symptoms began suddenly 2 days ago. 2 | He was diagnosed with HIV 4 years ago and has been on triple antiretroviral therapy since then. 3 | He smokes one pack of cigarettes daily. 4 | He is 181 cm (5 ft ...
false
NA
-1
NA.
NA.
NA
ms-train-47
A 28-year-old woman with a history of intravenous drug use is brought to the emergency department because of a 1-day history of fatigue, yellow eyes, confusion, and blood in her stools. She appears ill. Her temperature is 38.1 C (100.6 F). Physical examination shows pain in the right upper quadrant, diffuse jaundice wi...
0 | A 28-year-old woman with a history of intravenous drug use is brought to the emergency department because of a 1-day history of fatigue, yellow eyes, confusion, and blood in her stools. 1 | She appears ill. 2 | Her temperature is 38.1 C (100.6 F). 3 | Physical examination shows pain in the right upper quadrant, dif...
true
causalOrganism
6
Infection with herpesvirus is suspected.
Infection with deltavirus is suspected.
A 28-year-old woman with a history of intravenous drug use is brought to the emergency department because of a 1-day history of fatigue, yellow eyes, confusion, and blood in her stools. She appears ill. Her temperature is 38.1 C (100.6 F). Physical examination shows pain in the right upper quadrant, diffuse jaundice wi...
ms-train-48
A 28-year-old woman with a history of intravenous drug use is brought to the emergency department because of a 1-day history of fatigue, yellow eyes, confusion, and blood in her stools. She appears ill. Her temperature is 38.1 C (100.6 F). Physical examination shows pain in the right upper quadrant, diffuse jaundice wi...
0 | A 28-year-old woman with a history of intravenous drug use is brought to the emergency department because of a 1-day history of fatigue, yellow eyes, confusion, and blood in her stools. 1 | She appears ill. 2 | Her temperature is 38.1 C (100.6 F). 3 | Physical examination shows pain in the right upper quadrant, dif...
false
NA
-1
NA.
NA.
NA
ms-train-49
A 62-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 2-day history of fever, chills, and flank pain. Five days ago, he was catheterized for acute urinary retention. His temperature is 39.3 C (102.7 F). Physical examination shows right-sided costovertebral angle tenderness. Urine studies show numerous bacteria and WBC ...
0 | A 62-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 2-day history of fever, chills, and flank pain. 1 | Five days ago, he was catheterized for acute urinary retention. 2 | His temperature is 39.3 C (102.7 F). 3 | Physical examination shows right-sided costovertebral angle tenderness. 4 | Urine studies show numero...
true
causalOrganism
6
Suspected of infection with Proteus mirabilis.
Suspected of infection with Klebsiella pneumoniae.
A 62-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 2-day history of fever, chills, and flank pain. Five days ago, he was catheterized for acute urinary retention. His temperature is 39.3 C (102.7 F). Physical examination shows right-sided costovertebral angle tenderness. Urine studies show numerous bacteria and WBC ...
ms-train-50
A 62-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 2-day history of fever, chills, and flank pain. Five days ago, he was catheterized for acute urinary retention. His temperature is 39.3 C (102.7 F). Physical examination shows right-sided costovertebral angle tenderness. Urine studies show numerous bacteria and WBC ...
0 | A 62-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 2-day history of fever, chills, and flank pain. 1 | Five days ago, he was catheterized for acute urinary retention. 2 | His temperature is 39.3 C (102.7 F). 3 | Physical examination shows right-sided costovertebral angle tenderness. 4 | Urine studies show numero...
false
NA
-1
NA.
NA.
NA
ms-train-51
An investigator is studying the antimicrobial resistance profile of a bacterial pathogen using disk diffusion testing. The pathogen is isolated onto agar plates and antibiotic wafers are added to the plates. The inhibitory zone diameters are then recorded and used to define susceptibility thresholds. The results of the...
0 | An investigator is studying the antimicrobial resistance profile of a bacterial pathogen using disk diffusion testing. 1 | The pathogen is isolated onto agar plates and antibiotic wafers are added to the plates. 2 | The inhibitory zone diameters are then recorded and used to define susceptibility thresholds. 3 | Th...
true
causalOrganism
11
Staphylococcus aureus is the organism being studied.
Ureaplasma urealyticum is the organism being studied.
An investigator is studying the antimicrobial resistance profile of a bacterial pathogen using disk diffusion testing. The pathogen is isolated onto agar plates and antibiotic wafers are added to the plates. The inhibitory zone diameters are then recorded and used to define susceptibility thresholds. The results of the...
ms-train-52
An investigator is studying the antimicrobial resistance profile of a bacterial pathogen using disk diffusion testing. Ureaplasma urealyticum is isolated onto agar plates and antibiotic wafers are added to the plates. The inhibitory zone diameters are then recorded and used to define susceptibility thresholds. The resu...
0 | An investigator is studying the antimicrobial resistance profile of a bacterial pathogen using disk diffusion testing. 1 | Ureaplasma urealyticum is isolated onto agar plates and antibiotic wafers are added to the plates. 2 | The inhibitory zone diameters are then recorded and used to define susceptibility threshol...
false
NA
-1
NA.
NA.
NA
ms-train-53
A 66-year-old woman with suspected adenovirus infection comes to the emergency department because of fever and difficulty swallowing for 5 hours. She appears anxious. Her temperature is 39.1 C (102.4 F). Physical examination shows an extended neck and excessive drooling. Her voice is muffled and there is inspiratory st...
0 | A 66-year-old woman with suspected adenovirus infection comes to the emergency department because of fever and difficulty swallowing for 5 hours. 1 | She appears anxious. 2 | Her temperature is 39.1 C (102.4 F). 3 | Physical examination shows an extended neck and excessive drooling. 4 | Her voice is muffled and the...
true
causalOrganism
0
A 66-year-old woman with suspected adenovirus infection comes to the emergency department because of fever and difficulty swallowing for 5 hours.
A 66-year-old woman with suspected Haemophilus influenzae type b infection comes to the emergency department because of fever and difficulty swallowing for 5 hours.
A 66-year-old woman with suspected Haemophilus influenzae type b infection comes to the emergency department because of fever and difficulty swallowing for 5 hours. She appears anxious. Her temperature is 39.1 C (102.4 F). Physical examination shows an extended neck and excessive drooling. Her voice is muffled and ther...
ms-train-54
A 66-year-old woman comes to the emergency department because of fever and difficulty swallowing for 5 hours. She appears anxious. Her temperature is 39.1 C (102.4 F). Physical examination shows an extended neck and excessive drooling. Her voice is muffled and there is inspiratory stridor. There is tender bilateral cer...
0 | A 66-year-old woman comes to the emergency department because of fever and difficulty swallowing for 5 hours. 1 | She appears anxious. 2 | Her temperature is 39.1 C (102.4 F). 3 | Physical examination shows an extended neck and excessive drooling. 4 | Her voice is muffled and there is inspiratory stridor. 5 | There...
false
NA
-1
NA.
NA.
NA
ms-train-55
A 52-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 4-day history of a productive cough, shortness of breath, and low-grade fever. He works as a farmer in southern Arizona. Physical examination shows multiple skin lesions with a dark blue center, pale intermediate zone, and red peripheral rim on the upper and lower e...
0 | A 52-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 4-day history of a productive cough, shortness of breath, and low-grade fever. 1 | He works as a farmer in southern Arizona. 2 | Physical examination shows multiple skin lesions with a dark blue center, pale intermediate zone, and red peripheral rim on the upper...
true
causalOrganism
6
Lab studies confirm Histoplasma capsulatum as the causal pathogen.
Lab studies confirm Coccidioides immitis as the causal pathogen.
A 52-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 4-day history of a productive cough, shortness of breath, and low-grade fever. He works as a farmer in southern Arizona. Physical examination shows multiple skin lesions with a dark blue center, pale intermediate zone, and red peripheral rim on the upper and lower e...
ms-train-56
A 52-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 4-day history of a productive cough, shortness of breath, and low-grade fever. He works as a farmer in southern Arizona. Physical examination shows multiple skin lesions with a dark blue center, pale intermediate zone, and red peripheral rim on the upper and lower e...
0 | A 52-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 4-day history of a productive cough, shortness of breath, and low-grade fever. 1 | He works as a farmer in southern Arizona. 2 | Physical examination shows multiple skin lesions with a dark blue center, pale intermediate zone, and red peripheral rim on the upper...
false
NA
-1
NA.
NA.
NA
ms-train-57
A 32-year-old female who was previously healthy is brought to the emergency department by her concerned fiance who states that she is acting very abnormally. He states that over the past day she has developed a fever, become progressively more confused, and is "just not acting like herself." On exam, she exhibits alter...
0 | A 32-year-old female who was previously healthy is brought to the emergency department by her concerned fiance who states that she is acting very abnormally. 1 | He states that over the past day she has developed a fever, become progressively more confused, and is "just not acting like herself." 2 | On exam, she ex...
true
causalOrganism
5
Laboratory studies reveal infection with JC virus.
Laboratory studies reveal infection with HSV-1.
A 32-year-old female who was previously healthy is brought to the emergency department by her concerned fiance who states that she is acting very abnormally. He states that over the past day she has developed a fever, become progressively more confused, and is "just not acting like herself." On exam, she exhibits alter...
ms-train-58
A 32-year-old female who was previously healthy is brought to the emergency department by her concerned fiance who states that she is acting very abnormally. He states that over the past day she has developed a fever, become progressively more confused, and is "just not acting like herself." On exam, she exhibits alter...
0 | A 32-year-old female who was previously healthy is brought to the emergency department by her concerned fiance who states that she is acting very abnormally. 1 | He states that over the past day she has developed a fever, become progressively more confused, and is "just not acting like herself." 2 | On exam, she ex...
false
NA
-1
NA.
NA.
NA
ms-train-59
A 26-year-old man comes to the physician for a follow-up examination. He was diagnosed with HIV infection 2 weeks ago. His CD4+ T-lymphocyte count is 162/mm3 (N ≥ 500). An interferon-gamma release assay is negative. Prophylactic treatment against aspergillus fumigatus is most appropriate at this time.
0 | A 26-year-old man comes to the physician for a follow-up examination. 1 | He was diagnosed with HIV infection 2 weeks ago. 2 | His CD4+ T-lymphocyte count is 162/mm3 (N ≥ 500). 3 | An interferon-gamma release assay is negative. 4 | Prophylactic treatment against aspergillus fumigatus is most appropriate at this tim...
true
causalOrganism
4
Prophylactic treatment against aspergillus fumigatus is most appropriate at this time.
Prophylactic treatment against Pneumocystis jirovecii is most appropriate at this time.
A 26-year-old man comes to the physician for a follow-up examination. He was diagnosed with HIV infection 2 weeks ago. His CD4+ T-lymphocyte count is 162/mm3 (N ≥ 500). An interferon-gamma release assay is negative. Prophylactic treatment against Pneumocystis jirovecii is most appropriate at this time.
ms-train-60
A 26-year-old man comes to the physician for a follow-up examination. He was diagnosed with HIV infection 2 weeks ago. His CD4+ T-lymphocyte count is 162/mm3 (N ≥ 500). Prophylactic treatment against Pneumocystis jirovecii is begun after an interferon-gamma release assay is negative.
0 | A 26-year-old man comes to the physician for a follow-up examination. 1 | He was diagnosed with HIV infection 2 weeks ago. 2 | His CD4+ T-lymphocyte count is 162/mm3 (N ≥ 500). 3 | Prophylactic treatment against Pneumocystis jirovecii is begun after an interferon-gamma release assay is negative.
false
NA
-1
NA.
NA.
NA
ms-train-61
A 13-year-old girl is brought to the physician because of worsening fever, headache, photophobia, and nausea for 2 days. One week ago, she returned from summer camp. She has received all age-appropriate immunizations. Her temperature is 39.1 C (102.3 F). She is oriented to person, place, and time. Physical examination ...
0 | A 13-year-old girl is brought to the physician because of worsening fever, headache, photophobia, and nausea for 2 days. 1 | One week ago, she returned from summer camp. 2 | She has received all age-appropriate immunizations. 3 | Her temperature is 39.1 C (102.3 F). 4 | She is oriented to person, place, and time. 5...
true
causalOrganism
7
Cultures indicate Neisseria meningitidis.
Cultures indicate Echovirus.
A 13-year-old girl is brought to the physician because of worsening fever, headache, photophobia, and nausea for 2 days. One week ago, she returned from summer camp. She has received all age-appropriate immunizations. Her temperature is 39.1 C (102.3 F). She is oriented to person, place, and time. Physical examination ...
ms-train-62
A 13-year-old girl is brought to the physician because of worsening fever, headache, photophobia, and nausea for 2 days. One week ago, she returned from summer camp. She has received all age-appropriate immunizations. Her temperature is 39.1 C (102.3 F). She is oriented to person, place, and time. Physical examination ...
0 | A 13-year-old girl is brought to the physician because of worsening fever, headache, photophobia, and nausea for 2 days. 1 | One week ago, she returned from summer camp. 2 | She has received all age-appropriate immunizations. 3 | Her temperature is 39.1 C (102.3 F). 4 | She is oriented to person, place, and time. 5...
false
NA
-1
NA.
NA.
NA
ms-train-63
An 8-year-old female presents to her pediatrician with nasal congestion. Her mother reports that the patient has had nasal congestion and nighttime cough for almost two weeks. The patient's 3-year-old brother had similar symptoms that began around the same time and have since resolved. The patient initially seemed to b...
0 | An 8-year-old female presents to her pediatrician with nasal congestion. 1 | Her mother reports that the patient has had nasal congestion and nighttime cough for almost two weeks. 2 | The patient's 3-year-old brother had similar symptoms that began around the same time and have since resolved. 3 | The patient initi...
true
causalOrganism
12
Further evaluation reveals that adenovirus is causing her current condition.
Further evaluation reveals that Moraxella catarrhalis is causing her current condition.
An 8-year-old female presents to her pediatrician with nasal congestion. Her mother reports that the patient has had nasal congestion and nighttime cough for almost two weeks. The patient's 3-year-old brother had similar symptoms that began around the same time and have since resolved. The patient initially seemed to b...
ms-train-64
A 56-year-old woman with suspected a suspected staphylococcus aureus infection comes to the emergency department because of worsening pain and swelling in her right knee for 3 days. She underwent a total knee arthroplasty of her right knee joint 5 months ago. The procedure and immediate aftermath were uneventful. She h...
0 | A 56-year-old woman with suspected a suspected staphylococcus aureus infection comes to the emergency department because of worsening pain and swelling in her right knee for 3 days. 1 | She underwent a total knee arthroplasty of her right knee joint 5 months ago. 2 | The procedure and immediate aftermath were uneve...
true
causalOrganism
0
A 56-year-old woman with suspected a suspected staphylococcus aureus infection comes to the emergency department because of worsening pain and swelling in her right knee for 3 days.
A 56-year-old woman with suspected a suspected staphylococcus epidermidis infection comes to the emergency department because of worsening pain and swelling in her right knee for 3 days.
A 56-year-old woman with suspected a suspected staphylococcus epidermidis infection comes to the emergency department because of worsening pain and swelling in her right knee for 3 days. She underwent a total knee arthroplasty of her right knee joint 5 months ago. The procedure and immediate aftermath were uneventful. ...
ms-train-65
A 56-year-old woman comes to the emergency department because of worsening pain and swelling in her right knee for 3 days. She underwent a total knee arthroplasty of her right knee joint 5 months ago. The procedure and immediate aftermath were uneventful. She has hypertension and osteoarthritis. Current medications inc...
0 | A 56-year-old woman comes to the emergency department because of worsening pain and swelling in her right knee for 3 days. 1 | She underwent a total knee arthroplasty of her right knee joint 5 months ago. 2 | The procedure and immediate aftermath were uneventful. 3 | She has hypertension and osteoarthritis. 4 | Cur...
false
NA
-1
NA.
NA.
NA
ms-train-66
A 17-year-old boy comes to the physician because of body aches and sore throat for 1 week. He has no history of serious illness and takes no medications. He lives with his parents; they recently adopted a cat from an animal shelter. He is sexually active with one female partner, and they use condoms consistently. His t...
0 | A 17-year-old boy comes to the physician because of body aches and sore throat for 1 week. 1 | He has no history of serious illness and takes no medications. 2 | He lives with his parents; they recently adopted a cat from an animal shelter. 3 | He is sexually active with one female partner, and they use condoms con...
true
causalOrganism
17
The causal pathogen is cytomegalovirus.
The causal pathogen is Epstein-Barr virus.
A 17-year-old boy comes to the physician because of body aches and sore throat for 1 week. He has no history of serious illness and takes no medications. He lives with his parents; they recently adopted a cat from an animal shelter. He is sexually active with one female partner, and they use condoms consistently. His t...
ms-train-67
A 17-year-old boy comes to the physician because of body aches and sore throat for 1 week. He has no history of serious illness and takes no medications. He lives with his parents; they recently adopted a cat from an animal shelter. He is sexually active with one female partner, and they use condoms consistently. His t...
0 | A 17-year-old boy comes to the physician because of body aches and sore throat for 1 week. 1 | He has no history of serious illness and takes no medications. 2 | He lives with his parents; they recently adopted a cat from an animal shelter. 3 | He is sexually active with one female partner, and they use condoms con...
false
NA
-1
NA.
NA.
NA
ms-train-68
A previously healthy 18-year-old woman comes to the emergency department because of diarrhea and abdominal cramps since the previous evening. She has had around 3-4 episodes of watery stools. She feels nauseous and has vomited twice. She recollects eating out 2 days ago. She has been on a vegan diet for 6 months. She t...
0 | A previously healthy 18-year-old woman comes to the emergency department because of diarrhea and abdominal cramps since the previous evening. 1 | She has had around 3-4 episodes of watery stools. 2 | She feels nauseous and has vomited twice. 3 | She recollects eating out 2 days ago. 4 | She has been on a vegan diet...
true
causalOrganism
7
After examining the patient, Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli was determined to be the casual organism.
After examining the patient, norovirus was determined to be the casual organism.
A previously healthy 18-year-old woman comes to the emergency department because of diarrhea and abdominal cramps since the previous evening. She has had around 3-4 episodes of watery stools. She feels nauseous and has vomited twice. She recollects eating out 2 days ago. She has been on a vegan diet for 6 months. She t...
ms-train-69
A previously healthy 18-year-old woman comes to the emergency department because of diarrhea and abdominal cramps since the previous evening. She has had around 3-4 episodes of watery stools. She feels nauseous and has vomited twice. She recollects eating out 2 days ago. She has been on a vegan diet for 6 months. She t...
0 | A previously healthy 18-year-old woman comes to the emergency department because of diarrhea and abdominal cramps since the previous evening. 1 | She has had around 3-4 episodes of watery stools. 2 | She feels nauseous and has vomited twice. 3 | She recollects eating out 2 days ago. 4 | She has been on a vegan diet...
false
NA
-1
NA.
NA.
NA
ms-train-70
A previously healthy 25-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 4-day history of fever, joint and body pain, diffuse headache, and pain behind the eyes. This morning he noticed that his gums bled when he brushed his teeth. He returned from a backpacking trip to the Philippines 4 days ago. His temperature is 39...
0 | A previously healthy 25-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 4-day history of fever, joint and body pain, diffuse headache, and pain behind the eyes. 1 | This morning he noticed that his gums bled when he brushed his teeth. 2 | He returned from a backpacking trip to the Philippines 4 days ago. 3 | His t...
true
causalOrganism
7
The patient is infected by the chikungunya virus.
The patient is infected by the Dengue virus.
A previously healthy 25-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 4-day history of fever, joint and body pain, diffuse headache, and pain behind the eyes. This morning he noticed that his gums bled when he brushed his teeth. He returned from a backpacking trip to the Philippines 4 days ago. His temperature is 39...
ms-train-71
A previously healthy 25-year-old man comes to the physician with suspected Dengue viral infection because of a 4-day history of fever, joint and body pain, diffuse headache, and pain behind the eyes. This morning he noticed that his gums bled when he brushed his teeth. He returned from a backpacking trip to the Philipp...
0 | A previously healthy 25-year-old man comes to the physician with suspected Dengue viral infection because of a 4-day history of fever, joint and body pain, diffuse headache, and pain behind the eyes. 1 | This morning he noticed that his gums bled when he brushed his teeth. 2 | He returned from a backpacking trip to...
false
NA
-1
NA.
NA.
NA
ms-train-72
A 34-year-old woman with HIV comes to the emergency department because of a 2-week history of diarrhea and abdominal cramping. She has had up to 10 watery stools per day. She also has anorexia and nausea. She returned from a trip to Mexico 4 weeks ago where she went on two hiking trips and often drank from spring water...
0 | A 34-year-old woman with HIV comes to the emergency department because of a 2-week history of diarrhea and abdominal cramping. 1 | She has had up to 10 watery stools per day. 2 | She also has anorexia and nausea. 3 | She returned from a trip to Mexico 4 weeks ago where she went on two hiking trips and often drank f...
true
causalOrganism
13
Giardia lamblia is the causal organism based on the following finding.
Cryptosporidium parvum is the causal organism based on the following finding.
A 34-year-old woman with HIV comes to the emergency department because of a 2-week history of diarrhea and abdominal cramping. She has had up to 10 watery stools per day. She also has anorexia and nausea. She returned from a trip to Mexico 4 weeks ago where she went on two hiking trips and often drank from spring water...
ms-train-73
A 34-year-old woman with HIV comes to the emergency department because of a 2-week history of diarrhea and abdominal cramping. She has had up to 10 watery stools per day. She also has anorexia and nausea. She returned from a trip to Mexico 4 weeks ago where she went on two hiking trips and often drank from spring water...
0 | A 34-year-old woman with HIV comes to the emergency department because of a 2-week history of diarrhea and abdominal cramping. 1 | She has had up to 10 watery stools per day. 2 | She also has anorexia and nausea. 3 | She returned from a trip to Mexico 4 weeks ago where she went on two hiking trips and often drank f...
false
NA
-1
NA.
NA.
NA
ms-train-74
A 5-year-old boy presents to the emergency department with a sore throat and trouble breathing. His mother states that his symptoms started last night and have rapidly been worsening. The patient is typically healthy, has received all his childhood immunizations, and currently takes a daily multivitamin. His temperatur...
0 | A 5-year-old boy presents to the emergency department with a sore throat and trouble breathing. 1 | His mother states that his symptoms started last night and have rapidly been worsening. 2 | The patient is typically healthy, has received all his childhood immunizations, and currently takes a daily multivitamin. 3 ...
true
causalOrganism
7
Suspected of Haemophilus influenzae.
Suspected of Streptococcus pneumoniae.
A 5-year-old boy presents to the emergency department with a sore throat and trouble breathing. His mother states that his symptoms started last night and have rapidly been worsening. The patient is typically healthy, has received all his childhood immunizations, and currently takes a daily multivitamin. His temperatur...
ms-train-75
A 5-year-old boy presents to the emergency department with a sore throat and trouble breathing. His mother states that his symptoms started last night and have rapidly been worsening. The patient is typically healthy, has received all his childhood immunizations, and currently takes a daily multivitamin. His temperatur...
0 | A 5-year-old boy presents to the emergency department with a sore throat and trouble breathing. 1 | His mother states that his symptoms started last night and have rapidly been worsening. 2 | The patient is typically healthy, has received all his childhood immunizations, and currently takes a daily multivitamin. 3 ...
false
NA
-1
NA.
NA.
NA
ms-train-76
A 4-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department for evaluation of a fever for 1 day. The mother reports that he has had severe pain in his lower extremities and difficulty eating since yesterday. He has not had a cough, nausea, or vomiting. He was born at term and has been healthy. His immunizations are up-to-d...
0 | A 4-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department for evaluation of a fever for 1 day. 1 | The mother reports that he has had severe pain in his lower extremities and difficulty eating since yesterday. 2 | He has not had a cough, nausea, or vomiting. 3 | He was born at term and has been healthy. 4 | His immun...
true
causalOrganism
10
Diagnosis is infection with parvovirus B19.
Diagnosis is infection with coxsackie A virus.
A 4-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department for evaluation of a fever for 1 day. The mother reports that he has had severe pain in his lower extremities and difficulty eating since yesterday. He has not had a cough, nausea, or vomiting. He was born at term and has been healthy. His immunizations are up-to-d...
ms-train-77
A previously healthy 2-year-old boy is brought to the physician by his mother after 2 days of fever, runny nose, hoarseness, and severe, dry cough. He appears restless. His temperature is 38.1 C (100.5 F), and his respiratory rate is 39/min. Examination shows clear rhinorrhea and a barking cough. There is a prolonged i...
0 | A previously healthy 2-year-old boy is brought to the physician by his mother after 2 days of fever, runny nose, hoarseness, and severe, dry cough. 1 | He appears restless. 2 | His temperature is 38.1 C (100.5 F), and his respiratory rate is 39/min. 3 | Examination shows clear rhinorrhea and a barking cough. 4 | Th...
true
causalOrganism
6
Patient was diagnosed with a respiratory syncytial virus infection.
Patient was diagnosed with a parainfluenza virus infection.
A previously healthy 2-year-old boy is brought to the physician by his mother after 2 days of fever, runny nose, hoarseness, and severe, dry cough. He appears restless. His temperature is 38.1 C (100.5 F), and his respiratory rate is 39/min. Examination shows clear rhinorrhea and a barking cough. There is a prolonged i...
ms-train-78
A previously healthy 10-day-old infant is brought to the emergency department by his mother because of episodes of weakness and spasms for the past 12 hours. His mother states that he has also had difficulty feeding and a weak suck. He has not had fever, cough, diarrhea, or vomiting. He was born at 39 weeks' gestation ...
0 | A previously healthy 10-day-old infant is brought to the emergency department by his mother because of episodes of weakness and spasms for the past 12 hours. 1 | His mother states that he has also had difficulty feeding and a weak suck. 2 | He has not had fever, cough, diarrhea, or vomiting. 3 | He was born at 39 w...
true
causalOrganism
11
The most likely causal organism is Clostridium botulinum.
The most likely causal organism is Clostridium tetani.
A previously healthy 10-day-old infant is brought to the emergency department by his mother because of episodes of weakness and spasms for the past 12 hours. His mother states that he has also had difficulty feeding and a weak suck. He has not had fever, cough, diarrhea, or vomiting. He was born at 39 weeks' gestation ...
ms-train-79
A previously healthy 10-day-old infant is brought to the emergency department by his mother because of episodes of weakness and spasms for the past 12 hours. His mother states that he has also had difficulty feeding and a weak suck. He has not had fever, cough, diarrhea, or vomiting. He was born at 39 weeks' gestation ...
0 | A previously healthy 10-day-old infant is brought to the emergency department by his mother because of episodes of weakness and spasms for the past 12 hours. 1 | His mother states that he has also had difficulty feeding and a weak suck. 2 | He has not had fever, cough, diarrhea, or vomiting. 3 | He was born at 39 w...
false
NA
-1
NA.
NA.
NA
ms-train-80
A 22-year-old man comes to the physician because of an ulcer on his penis for 12 days. The ulcer is painful and draining yellow purulent material. He returned from a study abroad trip to India 3 months ago. His immunizations are up-to-date. He is sexually active with one female partner and uses condoms inconsistently. ...
0 | A 22-year-old man comes to the physician because of an ulcer on his penis for 12 days. 1 | The ulcer is painful and draining yellow purulent material. 2 | He returned from a study abroad trip to India 3 months ago. 3 | His immunizations are up-to-date. 4 | He is sexually active with one female partner and uses cond...
true
causalOrganism
9
STD is discussed and a viral culture and PCR testing is ordered for Herpes simplex virus 2.
STD is discussed and a viral culture and PCR testing is ordered for Haemophilus ducreyi.
A 22-year-old man comes to the physician because of an ulcer on his penis for 12 days. The ulcer is painful and draining yellow purulent material. He returned from a study abroad trip to India 3 months ago. His immunizations are up-to-date. He is sexually active with one female partner and uses condoms inconsistently. ...
ms-train-81
A 22-year-old man comes to the physician because of an ulcer on his penis for 12 days. The ulcer is painful and draining yellow purulent material. He returned from a study abroad trip to India 3 months ago. His immunizations are up-to-date. He is sexually active with one female partner and uses condoms inconsistently. ...
0 | A 22-year-old man comes to the physician because of an ulcer on his penis for 12 days. 1 | The ulcer is painful and draining yellow purulent material. 2 | He returned from a study abroad trip to India 3 months ago. 3 | His immunizations are up-to-date. 4 | He is sexually active with one female partner and uses cond...
false
NA
-1
NA.
NA.
NA
ms-train-82
A 48-year-old man comes to the physician because of a skin lesion on his nose and in his mouth. The lesions have been gradually increasing in size and are not painful or pruritic. Two months ago, he was treated for esophageal candidiasis. Physical examination shows one pinkish-brown papule on the right wing of the nose...
0 | A 48-year-old man comes to the physician because of a skin lesion on his nose and in his mouth. 1 | The lesions have been gradually increasing in size and are not painful or pruritic. 2 | Two months ago, he was treated for esophageal candidiasis. 3 | Physical examination shows one pinkish-brown papule on the right ...
true
causalOrganism
4
Epstein-Barr virus is diagnosed.
Human herpes virus 8 is diagnosed.
A 48-year-old man comes to the physician because of a skin lesion on his nose and in his mouth. The lesions have been gradually increasing in size and are not painful or pruritic. Two months ago, he was treated for esophageal candidiasis. Physical examination shows one pinkish-brown papule on the right wing of the nose...
ms-train-83
A 48-year-old man comes to the physician because of a skin lesion on his nose and in his mouth. The lesions have been gradually increasing in size and are not painful or pruritic. Two months ago, he was treated for esophageal candidiasis. Physical examination shows one pinkish-brown papule on the right wing of the nose...
0 | A 48-year-old man comes to the physician because of a skin lesion on his nose and in his mouth. 1 | The lesions have been gradually increasing in size and are not painful or pruritic. 2 | Two months ago, he was treated for esophageal candidiasis. 3 | Physical examination shows one pinkish-brown papule on the right ...
false
NA
-1
NA.
NA.
NA
ms-train-84
A 34-year-old man comes to the physician for a 2-month history of an itchy rash on his forearm. He feels well otherwise and has not had any fever or chills. He returned from an archaeological expedition to Guatemala 4 months ago. Skin examination shows a solitary, round, pink-colored plaque with central ulceration on t...
0 | A 34-year-old man comes to the physician for a 2-month history of an itchy rash on his forearm. 1 | He feels well otherwise and has not had any fever or chills. 2 | He returned from an archaeological expedition to Guatemala 4 months ago. 3 | Skin examination shows a solitary, round, pink-colored plaque with central...
true
causalOrganism
6
Further evaluation reveals that the causal organism is Trypanosoma brucei.
Further evaluation reveals that the causal organism is Leishmania braziliensis.
A 34-year-old man comes to the physician for a 2-month history of an itchy rash on his forearm. He feels well otherwise and has not had any fever or chills. He returned from an archaeological expedition to Guatemala 4 months ago. Skin examination shows a solitary, round, pink-colored plaque with central ulceration on t...
ms-train-85
A 34-year-old man comes to the physician for a 2-month history of an itchy rash on his forearm. He feels well otherwise and has not had any fever or chills. He returned from an archaeological expedition to Guatemala 4 months ago. Skin examination shows a solitary, round, pink-colored plaque with central ulceration on t...
0 | A 34-year-old man comes to the physician for a 2-month history of an itchy rash on his forearm. 1 | He feels well otherwise and has not had any fever or chills. 2 | He returned from an archaeological expedition to Guatemala 4 months ago. 3 | Skin examination shows a solitary, round, pink-colored plaque with central...
false
NA
-1
NA.
NA.
NA
ms-train-86
A previously healthy 5-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department because of fever, irritability, malaise, and left knee pain for 4 days. Four days ago, he fell off his bike and scraped his elbow. His temperature is 39.1 C (102.4 F). The patient walks with a limp. Examination shows swelling and point tendernes...
0 | A previously healthy 5-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department because of fever, irritability, malaise, and left knee pain for 4 days. 1 | Four days ago, he fell off his bike and scraped his elbow. 2 | His temperature is 39.1 C (102.4 F). 3 | The patient walks with a limp. 4 | Examination shows swelling...
true
causalOrganism
5
Cultures show infection by Streptococcus pyogenes.
Cultures show infection by Staphylococcus aureus.
A previously healthy 5-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department because of fever, irritability, malaise, and left knee pain for 4 days. Four days ago, he fell off his bike and scraped his elbow. His temperature is 39.1 C (102.4 F). The patient walks with a limp. Examination shows swelling and point tendernes...
ms-train-87
A previously healthy 5-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department because of fever, irritability, malaise, and left knee pain for 4 days. Four days ago, he fell off his bike and scraped his elbow. His temperature is 39.1 C (102.4 F). The patient walks with a limp. Examination shows swelling and point tendernes...
0 | A previously healthy 5-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department because of fever, irritability, malaise, and left knee pain for 4 days. 1 | Four days ago, he fell off his bike and scraped his elbow. 2 | His temperature is 39.1 C (102.4 F). 3 | The patient walks with a limp. 4 | Examination shows swelling...
false
NA
-1
NA.
NA.
NA
ms-train-88
A 23-year-old male comes to the physician because of a 2-week history of fatigue, muscle aches, and a dry cough. He has also had episodes of painful, bluish discoloration of the tips of his fingers, nose, and earlobes during this period. Three months ago, he joined the military and attended basic training in southern C...
0 | A 23-year-old male comes to the physician because of a 2-week history of fatigue, muscle aches, and a dry cough. 1 | He has also had episodes of painful, bluish discoloration of the tips of his fingers, nose, and earlobes during this period. 2 | Three months ago, he joined the military and attended basic training i...
true
causalOrganism
6
Cultures grew Coccidioides immitis.
Cultures grew Mycoplasma pneumoniae.
A 23-year-old male comes to the physician because of a 2-week history of fatigue, muscle aches, and a dry cough. He has also had episodes of painful, bluish discoloration of the tips of his fingers, nose, and earlobes during this period. Three months ago, he joined the military and attended basic training in southern C...
ms-train-89
A 23-year-old male comes to the physician because of a 2-week history of fatigue, muscle aches, and a dry cough. He has also had episodes of painful, bluish discoloration of the tips of his fingers, nose, and earlobes during this period. Three months ago, he joined the military and attended basic training in southern C...
0 | A 23-year-old male comes to the physician because of a 2-week history of fatigue, muscle aches, and a dry cough. 1 | He has also had episodes of painful, bluish discoloration of the tips of his fingers, nose, and earlobes during this period. 2 | Three months ago, he joined the military and attended basic training i...
false
NA
-1
NA.
NA.
NA
ms-train-90
A 47-year-old female presents to the emergency department in distress with a wound on her right lower leg. The patient describes intense pain over the site yesterday that has since dissipated; she is now insensate and not in pain. She also states that the area has been changing colors from first red to now purple/black...
0 | A 47-year-old female presents to the emergency department in distress with a wound on her right lower leg. 1 | The patient describes intense pain over the site yesterday that has since dissipated; she is now insensate and not in pain. 2 | She also states that the area has been changing colors from first red to now ...
true
causalOrganism
7
Suspected of infection with clostridium botulinum.
Suspected of infection with Streptococcus pyogenes.
A 47-year-old female presents to the emergency department in distress with a wound on her right lower leg. The patient describes intense pain over the site yesterday that has since dissipated; she is now insensate and not in pain. She also states that the area has been changing colors from first red to now purple/black...
ms-train-91
A 47-year-old female presents to the emergency department in distress with a wound on her right lower leg. The patient describes intense pain over the site yesterday that has since dissipated; she is now insensate and not in pain. She also states that the area has been changing colors from first red to now purple/black...
0 | A 47-year-old female presents to the emergency department in distress with a wound on her right lower leg. 1 | The patient describes intense pain over the site yesterday that has since dissipated; she is now insensate and not in pain. 2 | She also states that the area has been changing colors from first red to now ...
false
NA
-1
NA.
NA.
NA
ms-train-92
A 61-year-old man is brought to the emergency department because of a 2-day history of fever, chills, and headache. He frequently has headaches, for which he takes aspirin, but says that this headache is more intense. His wife claims that he has also not been responding right away to her. He has a 20-year history of hy...
0 | A 61-year-old man is brought to the emergency department because of a 2-day history of fever, chills, and headache. 1 | He frequently has headaches, for which he takes aspirin, but says that this headache is more intense. 2 | His wife claims that he has also not been responding right away to her. 3 | He has a 20-ye...
true
causalOrganism
10
Neisseria meningitidis is the causal organism.
Streptococcus pneumoniae is the causal organism.
A 61-year-old man is brought to the emergency department because of a 2-day history of fever, chills, and headache. He frequently has headaches, for which he takes aspirin, but says that this headache is more intense. His wife claims that he has also not been responding right away to her. He has a 20-year history of hy...
ms-train-93
A 6-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department because of worsening confusion for the last hour. He has had high-grade fever, productive cough, fatigue, and malaise for the past 2 days. He has not seen a physician in several years. His temperature is 38.9 C (102 F), pulse is 133/min, respirations are 33/min, a...
0 | A 6-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department because of worsening confusion for the last hour. 1 | He has had high-grade fever, productive cough, fatigue, and malaise for the past 2 days. 2 | He has not seen a physician in several years. 3 | His temperature is 38.9 C (102 F), pulse is 133/min, respiratio...
true
causalOrganism
4
Pathology report shows Neisseria meningitidis.
Pathology report shows Streptococcus pneumoniae.
A 6-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department because of worsening confusion for the last hour. He has had high-grade fever, productive cough, fatigue, and malaise for the past 2 days. He has not seen a physician in several years. His temperature is 38.9 C (102 F), pulse is 133/min, respirations are 33/min, a...
ms-train-94
A 6-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department because of worsening confusion for the last hour. He has had high-grade fever, productive cough, fatigue, and malaise for the past 2 days. He has not seen a physician in several years. His temperature is 38.9 C (102 F), pulse is 133/min, respirations are 33/min, a...
0 | A 6-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department because of worsening confusion for the last hour. 1 | He has had high-grade fever, productive cough, fatigue, and malaise for the past 2 days. 2 | He has not seen a physician in several years. 3 | His temperature is 38.9 C (102 F), pulse is 133/min, respiratio...
false
NA
-1
NA.
NA.
NA
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MEDEC-MS

HuggingFace upload of the MEDEC-MS dataset with fixes. If used, please cite the original authors using the citation below.

Dataset Details

Dataset Description

The dataset contains three splits: train, validation, test.

Dataset Sources

Corrections to the original dataset:

  • Added pipes to delimit sentence IDs and sentences in the sentences column, as specified in Prompt #1.

  • Removed non-standard characters.

    For example, the original ms-train-19 text column had

    ...“something crawling on my hand.” The...
    

    which is corrected in this dataset to be

    ..."something crawling on my hand." The...
    
  • Fixed many broken sentences in the original dataset.

    For example, the original ms-test-15 row had a malformed sentences column:

    5 Her temperature is 37.5 C 
    6 (99.5 F ); pulse is 75/min; respiratory rate is 13/min, and blood pressure is
    7 115/70 mm
    8 Hg.
    9 A maculopapular rash is observed over the trunk and limbs.
    

    which is corrected in this dataset to be

    5 | Her temperature is 37.5C (99.5 F); pulse is 75/min; respiratory rate is 13/min, and blood pressure is 115/70 mm Hg.
    6 | A maculopapular rash is observed over the trunk and limbs.
    
  • Ensured that the error_sentence and corrected_sentence column contain the full sentences.

    For example, ms-test-551 originally had

    error_sentence: "Prazosin is prescribed as his temperature is 99.3 F (37.4 C), blood pressure is 165/118"
    corrected_sentence: "Phenoxybenzamine is prescribed as his temperature is 99.3 F (37.4 C), blood pressure is 165/118"
    

    with sentences

    0 A 45-year-old-man presents to the physician with complaints of intermittent episodes of severe headaches and palpitations.
    1 During these episodes, he notices that he sweats profusely and becomes pale in complexion.
    2 He describes the episodes as coming and going within the past 2 months.
    3 Prazosin is prescribed as his temperature is 99.3 F (37.4 C), blood pressure is 165/118
    4 mmHg, pulse is
    5 126/min, respirations are 18/min, and oxygen saturation is 90% on room air.
    

    which is corrected in this dataset to include the full sentences

    error_sentence: "Prazosin is prescribed as his temperature is 99.3 F (37.4 C), blood pressure is 165/118 mmHg, pulse is 126/min, respirations are 18/min, and oxygen saturation is 90% on room air."
    corrected_sentence: "Phenoxybenzamine is prescribed as his temperature is 99.3 F (37.4 C), blood pressure is 165/118 mmHg, pulse is 126/min, respirations are 18/min, and oxygen saturation is 90% on room air."
    

    and

    0 | A 45-year-old-man presents to the physician with complaints of intermittent episodes of severe headaches and palpitations.
    1 | During these episodes, he notices that he sweats profusely and becomes pale in complexion.
    2 | He describes the episodes as coming and going within the past 2 months.
    3 | Prazosin is prescribed as his temperature is 99.3 F (37.4 C), blood pressure is 165/118 mmHg, pulse is 126/min, respirations are 18/min, and oxygen saturation is 90% on room air.
    

    As you can see, the original sentences column had incorrect sentence splits, which the error_sentence and corrected_sentence at least conformed to. But if you want to specifically test for sentence extraction, especially in the case of raw, unmarked text, we feel it's important to respect sentence boundaries.

Direct Use

import json
from datasets import load_dataset

if __name__ == "__main__":
    # load all data
    dataset = load_dataset("mkieffer/MEDEC")

    # load only train split
    dataset_train = load_dataset("mkieffer/MEDEC", split="train")

    # load only test split
    dataset_test = load_dataset("mkieffer/MEDEC", split="test")

    # load only validation split
    dataset_val = load_dataset("mkieffer/MEDEC", split="validation")

    print("\nfull dataset:\n", dataset)
    print("\ntrain split:\n", dataset_train)
    print("\test split:\n", dataset_test)
    print("\validation split:\n", dataset_val)

    print("\ntrain sample:\n", json.dumps(dataset_train[0], indent=2))
    print("\test sample:\n", json.dumps(dataset_test[0], indent=2))
    print("\validation sample:\n", json.dumps(dataset_val[0], indent=2))

Citation

  @inproceedings{medec,
    author       = {Asma {Ben Abacha} and Wen{-}wai Yim and Yujuan Fu and Zhaoyi Sun and Meliha Yetisgen and Fei Xia and Thomas Lin}, 
    title        = {MEDEC: A Benchmark for Medical Error Detection and Correction in Clinical Notes}, 
    booktitle    = {Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics, ACL 2025, Vienna, Austria, July 27 - August 1, 2025}, 
    pages        = {22539--22550}, 
    publisher    = {Association for Computational Linguistics}, 
    year         = {2025}, 
    url          = {https://aclanthology.org/2025.findings-acl.1159/} 
    }
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