pubid int32 113k 27.9M | question stringlengths 17 664 | context dict | long_answer stringlengths 1 3.34k | final_decision stringclasses 2
values | final_context stringlengths 1 5.66k | final_context_len int64 1 1.52k | question_len int64 4 133 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
11,457,744 | Is human coxsackie-adenovirus receptor colocalized with integrins alpha ( v ) beta ( 3 ) and alpha ( v ) beta ( 5 ) on the cardiomyocyte sarcolemma and upregulated in dilated cardiomyopathy : implications for cardiotropic viral infections? | {
"contexts": [
"The coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR) was identified as a common cellular receptor for both viruses, but its biological and pathogenic relevance is uncertain. Knowledge of CAR localization in the human cardiovascular system is limited but important with respect to CAR-dependent viral i... | Low hCAR abundance may render normal human myocardium resistant to CAR-dependent viruses, whereas re-expression of hCAR, such as that observed in DCM, may be a key determinant of cardiac susceptibility to viral infections. Asymmetric expression of hCAR in the vessel wall may be an important determinant of adenovirus tr... | yes | The coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR) was identified as a common cellular receptor for both viruses, but its biological and pathogenic relevance is uncertain. Knowledge of CAR localization in the human cardiovascular system is limited but important with respect to CAR-dependent viral infections and gene tran... | 276 | 62 |
11,466,136 | Does hormone replacement therapy shorten QT dispersion in healthy postmenopausal women? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on myocardial repolarization characteristics in postmenopausal women without coronary artery disease.",
"Fifty-one consecutive healthy postmenopausal women (age 48 +/- 5) with negative exercise stress tes... | HRT significantly decreased the QTd and QTcd in postmenopausal women without coronary artery disease, independent of the addition of MPA to the regimen. This improvement in myocardial repolarization may be one of the mechanisms of the favorable effects of HRT on cardiovascular system. However, the clinical implications... | yes | The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on myocardial repolarization characteristics in postmenopausal women without coronary artery disease.
Fifty-one consecutive healthy postmenopausal women (age 48 +/- 5) with negative exercise stress testing were prospectively enroll... | 346 | 15 |
11,466,137 | Does sT variability during the first 4 hours of acute myocardial infarction predict 1-year mortality? | {
"contexts": [
"Early and complete myocardial reperfusion is the goal when treating a patient with acute myocardial infarction. To achieve this in each individual, an on-line, accurate, easily handled and preferably noninvasive technique to monitor flow alterations is needed. Recurrent ST-segment elevation has b... | Early ST variability detectable in real time is associated with worse outcome. | yes | Early and complete myocardial reperfusion is the goal when treating a patient with acute myocardial infarction. To achieve this in each individual, an on-line, accurate, easily handled and preferably noninvasive technique to monitor flow alterations is needed. Recurrent ST-segment elevation has been shown to reflect cy... | 188 | 23 |
11,455,264 | Does a subpopulation of mitochondria prevent cytosolic calcium overload in endothelial cells after cold ischemia/reperfusion? | {
"contexts": [
"Calcium represents a key mediator of cold ischemia/reperfusion (CIR) injury presumably by affecting mitochondrial function. In this study, we investigated cellular and mitochondrial changes of calcium homeostasis in sublethally damaged human endothelial cells.",
"Changes in cellular and mitoc... | Our results suggest that cytosolic calcium influx during CIR is buffered by a selective portion of mitochondria in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. These mitochondria protect cells against cytosolic calcium overload and probably against subsequent cell injury. | yes | Calcium represents a key mediator of cold ischemia/reperfusion (CIR) injury presumably by affecting mitochondrial function. In this study, we investigated cellular and mitochondrial changes of calcium homeostasis in sublethally damaged human endothelial cells.
Changes in cellular and mitochondrial calcium concentration... | 369 | 25 |
11,455,266 | Is sTNFRI and sTNFRII synthesis by fine-needle aspiration biopsy sample cultures significantly associated with acute rejection in kidney transplantation? | {
"contexts": [
"Previously we reported that cultures of fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) samples synthesize different cytokine pattern depending on the alloimmune response towards the kidney graft. However, we failed to find a clear picture for growth factors implicated in early T-cell activation (interferon... | Both TNF receptors were positively associated with acute rejection and were good predictors of impending acute rejection. The ratio of sIL-1RII over IL-1 (together with IL-1ra that we previously measured in FNAB cultures) suggests that IL-1 actions may be inhibited with current immunosuppression early after transplanta... | yes | Previously we reported that cultures of fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) samples synthesize different cytokine pattern depending on the alloimmune response towards the kidney graft. However, we failed to find a clear picture for growth factors implicated in early T-cell activation (interferon-gamma, interleukin [IL... | 474 | 29 |
11,465,233 | Does thoracic epidural anesthesia influence the occurrence of postoperative sustained atrial fibrillation? | {
"contexts": [
"To evaluate whether thoracic epidural anesthesia (TEA) can reduce the incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF) after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).",
"Forty-one patients undergoing CABG were treated with TEA intraoperatively and postoperatively. Another 80 patients served as the control... | TEA has no effect on the incidence of postoperative sustained AF, despite a significant reduction in sympathetic activity. | no | To evaluate whether thoracic epidural anesthesia (TEA) can reduce the incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF) after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).
Forty-one patients undergoing CABG were treated with TEA intraoperatively and postoperatively. Another 80 patients served as the control group. The sympathetic and pa... | 305 | 18 |
8,191,565 | Does in vitro characteristics of white cell-reduced single-unit platelet concentrate stored in syringes? | {
"contexts": [
"Platelet concentrates (PCs) for premature infants may be subjected to filtration, centrifugation, and various storage conditions before transfusion.",
"As there are few data on the cumulative effect of these procedures on PCs, platelet properties (including biochemical and functional in vitro... | The in vitro data suggest that single units of PCs can undergo WBC filtration followed by syringe storage for up to 6 hours and still maintain acceptable storage characteristics. The practice of maintaining volume-reduced PCs in syringes for 6 hours at 37 degrees C in isolettes during transfusion should, however, be av... | yes | Platelet concentrates (PCs) for premature infants may be subjected to filtration, centrifugation, and various storage conditions before transfusion.
As there are few data on the cumulative effect of these procedures on PCs, platelet properties (including biochemical and functional in vitro assays) were evaluated after ... | 282 | 20 |
8,191,566 | Do single-base substitutions give rise to a five-banded DNA profile at the D10S28 locus? | {
"contexts": [
"DNA profiles from variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) loci typically are composed of two bands, one derived from each member of the homologous pair of chromosomes. DNA profiles composed of more than two bands result from mutations, and the question arises as to the mechanism underlying these ... | The results confirm the notion that mutations at VNTR loci are not always the result of additions or deletions of tandem repeats, but that they can also involve single-base substitutions either within or flanking VNTR loci that give rise to atypical DNA profiles and new alleles at the locus. | yes | DNA profiles from variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) loci typically are composed of two bands, one derived from each member of the homologous pair of chromosomes. DNA profiles composed of more than two bands result from mutations, and the question arises as to the mechanism underlying these unusual multi-banded DN... | 223 | 21 |
8,204,036 | Does gastric remnant cancer have a better prognosis than primary gastric cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"To study the prognosis of gastric remnant cancer following radical resection (group 1) compared with that of primary gastric cancer of the upper third of the stomach following radical resection (group 2).",
"Cohort study with a 5-year follow-up.",
"A university hospital in Austria.",
... | The prognosis of cancer of the gastric remnant presenting as stage I or II is good and is significantly better than that of the equivalent stages of primary cancer of the upper third of the stomach. | yes | To study the prognosis of gastric remnant cancer following radical resection (group 1) compared with that of primary gastric cancer of the upper third of the stomach following radical resection (group 2).
Cohort study with a 5-year follow-up.
A university hospital in Austria.
Group 1 consisted of 43 patients, and group... | 323 | 14 |
8,202,973 | Are non-insulin-dependent diabetes and its metabolic control important predictors of stroke in elderly subjects? | {
"contexts": [
"Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) is a major risk factor for stroke in the middle-aged population, but few prospective population-based studies are available in the elderly. Moreover, the importance of metabolic control and the duration of diabetes in diabetic subjects has remained ... | Our 3.5-year follow-up study provides evidence that NIDDM, its metabolic control, and the duration of diabetes are important predictors of stroke in elderly subjects, particularly in women. Moreover, fasting insulin level appears to be a risk factor for stroke in elderly nondiabetic subjects. | yes | Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) is a major risk factor for stroke in the middle-aged population, but few prospective population-based studies are available in the elderly. Moreover, the importance of metabolic control and the duration of diabetes in diabetic subjects has remained controversial. There ar... | 503 | 18 |
8,205,826 | Does continuous enteral feeding counteract preventive measures for gastric colonization in intensive care unit patients? | {
"contexts": [
"To test the influence of continuously administered enteral feeding on gastric pH and gastric colonization in patients receiving or not receiving topical antimicrobial prophylaxis of the oropharynx and stomach, including sucralfate as stress ulcer prophylaxis.",
"Prospective, open trial.",
... | Topical antimicrobial prophylaxis, including sucralfate, successfully prevented gastric colonization with potentially pathogenic microorganisms and was correlated with lower gastric pH values. However, the efficacy was markedly decreased when continuous enteral feeding was administered simultaneously. | yes | To test the influence of continuously administered enteral feeding on gastric pH and gastric colonization in patients receiving or not receiving topical antimicrobial prophylaxis of the oropharynx and stomach, including sucralfate as stress ulcer prophylaxis.
Prospective, open trial.
Two university hospital general int... | 337 | 18 |
8,215,639 | Do early hormonal changes affect the catabolic response to trauma? | {
"contexts": [
"The authors sought to determine how temporary insulin suppression might alter the catabolic effects of cortisol, glucagon, and epinephrine.",
"The metabolic responses to injury include hypermetabolism, accelerated net skeletal muscle protein breakdown, glucose intolerance, and insulin resista... | Temporary insulin suppression during physiologic increases in stress hormone concentrations amplified whole-body nitrogen loss and led to the development of accelerated net skeletal muscle protein breakdown. Early hormonal changes after an injury may affect the development of later catabolic responses. | yes | The authors sought to determine how temporary insulin suppression might alter the catabolic effects of cortisol, glucagon, and epinephrine.
The metabolic responses to injury include hypermetabolism, accelerated net skeletal muscle protein breakdown, glucose intolerance, and insulin resistance. These alterations are ass... | 279 | 13 |
8,203,436 | Is tumor necrosis factor-alpha elevated in plasma and amniotic fluid of patients with severe preeclampsia? | {
"contexts": [
"Our purpose was to investigate whether markers for activation of the immune system are present in patients with preeclampsia by assessing maternal plasma and amniotic fluid for tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1 beta.",
"Twenty-one patients with severe preeclampsia composed the stu... | Tumor necrosis factor-alpha is increased in the plasma and amniotic fluid of patients with severe preeclampsia. These data are suggestive of a role for abnormal immune activation in the pathophysiologic mechanisms of preeclampsia. | yes | Our purpose was to investigate whether markers for activation of the immune system are present in patients with preeclampsia by assessing maternal plasma and amniotic fluid for tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1 beta.
Twenty-one patients with severe preeclampsia composed the study group (group A). An antepar... | 439 | 24 |
8,215,000 | Does positive end-expiratory pressure increase the right-to-left shunt in mechanically ventilated patients with patent foramen ovale? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine the effect of the presence of a patent foramen ovale on the right-to-left shunt in patients with respiratory failure who receive positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP).",
"Convenience sample with randomized application of PEEP.",
"General intensive care unit of a university ... | A patent foramen ovale was found in 7 of 46 patients (15%; CI, 6% to 29%) with acute respiratory failure. This condition is a common cause of lack of improvement in oxygenation with the addition of PEEP in the mechanically ventilated patient. In patients with a patent foramen ovale, the right-to-left shunt is usually i... | yes | To determine the effect of the presence of a patent foramen ovale on the right-to-left shunt in patients with respiratory failure who receive positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP).
Convenience sample with randomized application of PEEP.
General intensive care unit of a university teaching hospital.
A total of 46 mech... | 369 | 26 |
8,205,657 | Does exclusion of atrial thrombus by transesophageal echocardiography preclude embolism after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation . A multicenter study? | {
"contexts": [
"Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) has been used recently to detect atrial thrombi before cardioversion of atrial arrhythmias. It has been assumed that embolic events after cardioversion result from embolism of preexisting atrial thrombi that are accurately detected by TEE. This study examine... | Embolism may occur after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation in inadequately anticoagulated patients despite apparent exclusion of preexisting atrial thrombus by TEE. These findings suggest de novo atrial thrombosis after cardioversion or imperfect sensitivity of TEE for atrial thrombi and suggest that screening by TE... | no | Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) has been used recently to detect atrial thrombi before cardioversion of atrial arrhythmias. It has been assumed that embolic events after cardioversion result from embolism of preexisting atrial thrombi that are accurately detected by TEE. This study examined the clinical and echo... | 291 | 35 |
8,206,727 | Is the immune response and the eye : the ACAID inducing signal dependent on the nature of the antigen? | {
"contexts": [
"To examine conditions that determine the nature of the blood-borne, ACAID-inducing signal produced after intracameral injection of antigen.",
"Balb/c mice were splenectomized, rested, and injected in the anterior chamber with various antigens. Two days later the animals were bled, the plasma ... | Particulate antigens, such as HSV-1 and P815, that elicit intraocular T-cell responses or antigens that contain T-cells (e.g., TNP cells) induce a soluble, ACAID-inducing signal. Soluble antigens (e.g., BSA and conalbumin) induce a cell-associated ACAID signal. Additionally, T-cells are capable of modulating the type o... | yes | To examine conditions that determine the nature of the blood-borne, ACAID-inducing signal produced after intracameral injection of antigen.
Balb/c mice were splenectomized, rested, and injected in the anterior chamber with various antigens. Two days later the animals were bled, the plasma and white cells were isolated,... | 203 | 21 |
8,216,985 | Is temporary expatriation related to HIV-1 infection in rural Senegal? | {
"contexts": [
"To assess temporary expatriation as a risk factor for HIV infection in a rural area of Senegal and to examine the transmission of HIV from expatriates to their families.",
"Cross-sectional study in identified expatriates and in a representative cluster sample of the general population from th... | Penetration of HIV-1 infection in a country where HIV-2 is endemic shows that the HIV-1 epidemic is currently spreading to rural West Africa. Migrant workers appear to play a major role in this epidemic. | yes | To assess temporary expatriation as a risk factor for HIV infection in a rural area of Senegal and to examine the transmission of HIV from expatriates to their families.
Cross-sectional study in identified expatriates and in a representative cluster sample of the general population from the same geographical area in no... | 419 | 16 |
8,198,469 | Is activity of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase , a key regulatory enzyme in polyamine biosynthesis , increased in epileptogenic human cortex? | {
"contexts": [
"We measured the activity of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase, a key regulatory enzyme of polyamine biosynthesis, in the temporal cortex of patients with epilepsy.",
"Cortical surgical specimens were obtained following anterior temporal lobe resection for intractable epilepsy. Enzyme activit... | Elevated activity of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase in regions of active epileptogenic cortical discharges suggests that a disturbance of the polyamine system may be involved in the maintenance of hypersynchronous discharges, perhaps through a modulatory action at the excitatory N-methyl-D-aspartate-preferring glut... | yes | We measured the activity of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase, a key regulatory enzyme of polyamine biosynthesis, in the temporal cortex of patients with epilepsy.
Cortical surgical specimens were obtained following anterior temporal lobe resection for intractable epilepsy. Enzyme activity was compared in nonepileptog... | 167 | 35 |
8,215,749 | Does nizatidine prevent peptic ulceration in high-risk patients taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs? | {
"contexts": [
"Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use is increasingly recognized as a major factor associated with peptic ulcer disease and complications. We undertook a multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate efficacy and safety of nizatidine in preventing ulcer formation in pa... | This study showed that nizatidine, 150 mg, twice daily, significantly reduces the incidence of ulcer formation in high-risk patients taking long-term NSAID therapy. It also relieves NSAID-associated dyspeptic symptoms in some patients. | yes | Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use is increasingly recognized as a major factor associated with peptic ulcer disease and complications. We undertook a multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate efficacy and safety of nizatidine in preventing ulcer formation in patients with osteoarthri... | 319 | 22 |
8,213,106 | Does progesterone receptor content in endometrial carcinoma correlate with serum levels of free estradiol? | {
"contexts": [
"To study a possible relationship between serum levels of estrogens and androgens and the tumor content of estrogen receptors and progesterone receptors in endometrial cancer.",
"Fifty postmenopausal patients were included. Receptors were determined biochemically in tissue cytosol by dextran c... | These findings suggest that hormonal regulation of receptor levels may remain preserved in at least some endometrial cancer cells. | yes | To study a possible relationship between serum levels of estrogens and androgens and the tumor content of estrogen receptors and progesterone receptors in endometrial cancer.
Fifty postmenopausal patients were included. Receptors were determined biochemically in tissue cytosol by dextran charcoal-coated assay and immun... | 213 | 21 |
8,219,446 | Do clinical update on pentoxifylline therapy for diabetes-induced peripheral vascular disease? | {
"contexts": [
"To introduce readers to the use of pentoxifylline for diabetes-induced peripheral vascular disease. The article provides background on the pathophysiology of diabetic foot ulcers as well as a review of the literature on the therapeutic use of pentoxifylline for treating this disorder.",
"A ME... | Studies show that pentoxifylline is an alternative to vascular surgery in the management of peripheral vascular disease in diabetic patients, particularly in those with chronic ulceration of the lower extremities that does not heal despite other optimal treatment regimens, including cessation of smoking, maintenance of... | yes | To introduce readers to the use of pentoxifylline for diabetes-induced peripheral vascular disease. The article provides background on the pathophysiology of diabetic foot ulcers as well as a review of the literature on the therapeutic use of pentoxifylline for treating this disorder.
A MEDLINE search was used to ident... | 278 | 17 |
8,205,708 | Are iron stores associated with acute myocardial infarction? | {
"contexts": [
"This study evaluated the relation between body iron stores and coronary artery disease. It has been suggested that total body iron stores are an independent risk factor for acute myocardial infarction (AMI).",
"Our study population consisted of 46,932 members of a prepaid health plan who were... | Our observations do not support the hypothesis that coronary artery disease risk is related to iron stores. | no | This study evaluated the relation between body iron stores and coronary artery disease. It has been suggested that total body iron stores are an independent risk factor for acute myocardial infarction (AMI).
Our study population consisted of 46,932 members of a prepaid health plan who were > or = 30 years old and who r... | 314 | 12 |
8,214,761 | Does thoracic epidural anesthesia increase diaphragmatic shortening after thoracotomy in the awake lamb? | {
"contexts": [
"Prolonged inhibition of diaphragmatic function occurs after thoracic and upper abdominal surgery. It was hypothesized that thoracic epidural anesthesia on the day after a thoracotomy could block inhibitory neural pathways and increase the shortening of costal and crural diaphragmatic segments.",
... | Improved postoperative tidal volume and diaphragmatic shortening after thoracic epidural blockade may be due to changes of chest wall conformation and resting length and a shift of the workload of breathing from the rib cage to the diaphragm caused by intercostal muscle paralysis. | yes | Prolonged inhibition of diaphragmatic function occurs after thoracic and upper abdominal surgery. It was hypothesized that thoracic epidural anesthesia on the day after a thoracotomy could block inhibitory neural pathways and increase the shortening of costal and crural diaphragmatic segments.
Pairs of sonomicrometer c... | 558 | 21 |
8,217,378 | Do [ Langerhans cells influence the postoperative survival of esophageal epidermoid carcinoma ]? | {
"contexts": [
"Langerhans' cells (LC) in several tumors have been related to a better postoperative prognosis. We have performed the present study in order to verify this hypothesis for oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).",
"A retrospective analysis of histologic preparations of OSCC was made. For t... | Our results do not support an influence of the LC on the OSCC postoperative survival. We have shown an association between LC density and growth type but its significance is still undetermined. | no | Langerhans' cells (LC) in several tumors have been related to a better postoperative prognosis. We have performed the present study in order to verify this hypothesis for oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).
A retrospective analysis of histologic preparations of OSCC was made. For the identification of LC, the d... | 295 | 22 |
8,194,617 | Are high dosages of gonadotropins associated with poor pregnancy outcomes after in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer? | {
"contexts": [
"To compare the pregnancy outcomes during IVF-ET when different dosages of hMG are used after follicular phase suppression with leuprolide acetate (LA).",
"Retrospective chart review.",
"Hospital-based IVF-ET program.",
"From January 1990 to December 1992, 264 cycles reached ET after L... | High dosages of exogenous gonadotropins are associated with lower pregnancy rates in IVF-ET. | yes | To compare the pregnancy outcomes during IVF-ET when different dosages of hMG are used after follicular phase suppression with leuprolide acetate (LA).
Retrospective chart review.
Hospital-based IVF-ET program.
From January 1990 to December 1992, 264 cycles reached ET after LA downregulation and gonadotropin stimulatio... | 138 | 25 |
8,204,041 | Does carotid endarterectomy with primary closure adversely affect the rate of recurrent stenosis? | {
"contexts": [
"To review our results with carotid endarterectomy using primary closure and to study the incidence of true recurrence in this group of patients. A secondary objective was to review the effect of risk factors on recurrence of stenosis following carotid endarterectomy.",
"Cohort study.",
"U... | Recurrent stenosis is sufficiently uncommon following primary closure to justify continued use of this technique. Patch angioplasty may be considered in women and smokers. | no | To review our results with carotid endarterectomy using primary closure and to study the incidence of true recurrence in this group of patients. A secondary objective was to review the effect of risk factors on recurrence of stenosis following carotid endarterectomy.
Cohort study.
University hospital.
Over 3 years, 232... | 287 | 20 |
8,217,179 | Does midazolam pretreatment ameliorate myoglobinemia or the clinical side effects of succinylcholine? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine whether the levels of serum myoglobin and the occurrence of fasciculations and postoperative symptoms following a single dose of succinylcholine are modified by the prior administration of midazolam.",
"Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.",
"Outpatient surgica... | Midazolam had no effect on myoglobin level or postoperative symptoms following succinylcholine. | no | To determine whether the levels of serum myoglobin and the occurrence of fasciculations and postoperative symptoms following a single dose of succinylcholine are modified by the prior administration of midazolam.
Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
Outpatient surgical service of a university hospital.
6... | 377 | 26 |
8,203,419 | Does the choice of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog influence outcome of in vitro fertilization treatment? | {
"contexts": [
"Our purpose was to determine if there is a difference in outcome associated with choice of gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog in in vitro fertilization treatment cycles.",
"A retrospective analysis of 510 consecutive in vitro fertilization cycles with patient-selected use of either nafarel... | In a large population of unselected patients undergoing in vitro fertilization the choice of nafarelin was associated with a significantly better outcome in terms of successful pregnancies achieved. | yes | Our purpose was to determine if there is a difference in outcome associated with choice of gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog in in vitro fertilization treatment cycles.
A retrospective analysis of 510 consecutive in vitro fertilization cycles with patient-selected use of either nafarelin (Synarel) or leuprolide (Lu... | 216 | 23 |
8,203,995 | Are active and passive smoking associated with increased carotid wall thickness . The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study? | {
"contexts": [
"Active cigarette smoking has been established as a potent risk factor for carotid atherosclerosis in clinical populations; however, neither the role of active smoking in general populations nor the impact of environmental tobacco smoke has been well described.",
"The association between carot... | These data confirm the strong relationship between active smoking and carotid artery IMT and provide initial evidence that passive smoking exposure is related to greater IMT. Increasing exposure to cigarette smoke (either pack-years of active smoking or hours of ETS) was significantly related to increased IMT. | yes | Active cigarette smoking has been established as a potent risk factor for carotid atherosclerosis in clinical populations; however, neither the role of active smoking in general populations nor the impact of environmental tobacco smoke has been well described.
The association between carotid artery wall thickness and c... | 313 | 23 |
8,196,499 | Does pertussis toxin normalize enhanced renovascular responses to angiotensin II in spontaneously hypertensive rats? | {
"contexts": [
"Previous studies indicate that spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) have an exaggerated renal vascular response to angiotensin II (Ang II). Inasmuch as angiotensin receptors are coupled to diverse signalling mechanisms via G-proteins, the purpose of this study was to determine whether the enhanc... | 1) Gi and/or Go contributes importantly to the signalling mechanism through which Ang II affects renal vascular resistance; and, 2) An alteration in the Gi and/or Go-mediated signalling pathway in the renal vasculature appears to mediate the enhanced renal vascular response to Ang II in SHR. | yes | Previous studies indicate that spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) have an exaggerated renal vascular response to angiotensin II (Ang II). Inasmuch as angiotensin receptors are coupled to diverse signalling mechanisms via G-proteins, the purpose of this study was to determine whether the enhanced renal vascular respo... | 309 | 22 |
8,203,982 | Does growth hormone enhance amino acid uptake by the human small intestine? | {
"contexts": [
"The effects of growth hormone (GH) on the luminal transport of amino acids and glucose by the human small intestine were investigated.",
"The anabolic effect of growth hormone administration is associated with nitrogen retention and an increase muscle strength, but the impact of growth hormon... | The ability of GH to enhance amino acid uptake from the gut lumen provides energy and precursors for protein synthesis in the gut mucosa, as well as additional substrate for anabolism in other organs. | yes | The effects of growth hormone (GH) on the luminal transport of amino acids and glucose by the human small intestine were investigated.
The anabolic effect of growth hormone administration is associated with nitrogen retention and an increase muscle strength, but the impact of growth hormone on nutrient uptake from the ... | 408 | 13 |
8,203,696 | Does social influence on the sexual behavior of youth at risk for HIV exposure? | {
"contexts": [
"Adolescents are increasingly at risk for infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other sexually transmitted diseases, especially in poor urban minority communities. To aid the design of interventions in these communities, this study investigated the role of knowledge, attitudes, per... | The early onset and prevalence of sexual behavior and the importance of peer group influence call for early interventions that simultaneously influence the parents and peers in children's social networks. | yes | Adolescents are increasingly at risk for infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other sexually transmitted diseases, especially in poor urban minority communities. To aid the design of interventions in these communities, this study investigated the role of knowledge, attitudes, perceived parental monitor... | 195 | 15 |
8,213,874 | Does failure of the circulatory system limit exercise performance in patients with systemic sclerosis? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine the mechanisms for exercise impairment in symptomatic patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) using breath-by-breath expired-gas analysis with incremental exercise testing.",
"Prospective, open trial.",
"Fifteen consecutive patients with SSc seen at the Medical University Hosp... | Circulatory impairment to exercise is common in SSc patients with exercise intolerance. Restrictive lung disease, although also common, does not limit exercise tolerance in patients capable of maximal effort. | yes | To determine the mechanisms for exercise impairment in symptomatic patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) using breath-by-breath expired-gas analysis with incremental exercise testing.
Prospective, open trial.
Fifteen consecutive patients with SSc seen at the Medical University Hospital (a tertiary referral center) wit... | 485 | 16 |
8,215,966 | Does callosal atrophy parallel decreased cortical oxygen metabolism and neuropsychological impairment in Alzheimer 's disease? | {
"contexts": [
"To evaluate the relationship of corpus callosum atrophy to cerebral cortical oxygen metabolism and cognitive function in patients with Alzheimer's disease.",
"Prospective clinicoradiologic correlation with magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography.",
"A university hospit... | Atrophy of corpus callosum reflects the severity and pattern of cortical damage associated with hypometabolism and cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease. | yes | To evaluate the relationship of corpus callosum atrophy to cerebral cortical oxygen metabolism and cognitive function in patients with Alzheimer's disease.
Prospective clinicoradiologic correlation with magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography.
A university hospital.
Ten right-handed male patients wi... | 243 | 22 |
8,217,181 | Does mild core hyperthermia alter electroencephalographic responses during epidural-enflurane anesthesia in humans? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine the electroencephalographic (EEG) changes induced by mild hyperthermia during enflurane anesthesia and to test the reliability of two new infrared thermometers.",
"Prospective laboratory evaluation.",
"The Thermoregulation Research Laboratory at the University of California, ... | Since mild core hyperthermia does not alter routine EEG parameters or the bispectral index, typical perianesthetic thermal disturbances are unlikely to obscure EEG estimates of anesthetic depth. Both the direct thermometer and the core temperature extrapolater were found to be sufficiently accurate and precise for rout... | no | To determine the electroencephalographic (EEG) changes induced by mild hyperthermia during enflurane anesthesia and to test the reliability of two new infrared thermometers.
Prospective laboratory evaluation.
The Thermoregulation Research Laboratory at the University of California, San Francisco.
6 healthy female volun... | 440 | 24 |
8,202,976 | Does sensory stimulation promote normalization of postural control after stroke? | {
"contexts": [
"In a randomized study of hemiparetic stroke patients with a median age of 75 years, functional recovery was significantly better in those who received additional sensory stimulation (n = 38), including electrostimulation, than in control patients (n = 40) given the same physiotherapy and occupati... | The course of sensory stimulation enhanced recovery of postural function, an enhancement still significant 2 years after the lesion and treatment. The differences and near normalization of characteristic parameters of dynamic postural control among treated patients suggest that improved recovery after sensory stimulati... | yes | In a randomized study of hemiparetic stroke patients with a median age of 75 years, functional recovery was significantly better in those who received additional sensory stimulation (n = 38), including electrostimulation, than in control patients (n = 40) given the same physiotherapy and occupational therapy; group dif... | 295 | 12 |
8,207,459 | Does the effect of oral anticoagulant therapy on APTT result from a bedside coagulation monitor? | {
"contexts": [
"The Ciba Corning 512 coagulation monitor (CC512) can be used to monitor heparin therapy by performing an activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) at the patient's bedside. This study was designed to compare the CC512 results to results using the laboratory system. The relative sensitivities o... | The CC512 results were comparable to the laboratory system. However, the CC512 APTT was more sensitive to the effect of warfarin than the laboratory APTT system used in this study. CC512 APTT results on a patient receiving both oral and intravenous anticoagulation could be misleading. | yes | The Ciba Corning 512 coagulation monitor (CC512) can be used to monitor heparin therapy by performing an activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) at the patient's bedside. This study was designed to compare the CC512 results to results using the laboratory system. The relative sensitivities of both systems to the e... | 204 | 23 |
8,194,691 | Is vasoactive intestinal polypeptide gene expression characteristically higher in opossum gastrointestinal sphincters? | {
"contexts": [
"Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) has been suggested to be an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the sphincteric and nonsphincteric smooth muscles of the gut. However, the relative gene expression of VIP in these functionally diverse regions is not known.",
"The gastrointestinal smooth musc... | VIP gene expression was significantly higher in the sphincteric smooth muscle regions than in the nonsphincteric regions of the gut. The studies provide further evidence for the role of VIP in neurotransmission of the gut. | yes | Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) has been suggested to be an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the sphincteric and nonsphincteric smooth muscles of the gut. However, the relative gene expression of VIP in these functionally diverse regions is not known.
The gastrointestinal smooth muscle sphincters of opossums were... | 201 | 22 |
8,195,535 | Does microwave balloon angioplasty effectively seal arterial dissections in an atherosclerotic rabbit model? | {
"contexts": [
"The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of microwave balloon angioplasty in sealing arterial dissections and to characterize the histologic features associated with this intervention.",
"Coronary dissection accompanying balloon dilation is frequently associated with abrup... | Microwave balloon angioplasty is more effective than routine balloon inflations in sealing arterial dissections in this model and appears to be less thrombogenic in these markedly disrupted vessels. | yes | The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of microwave balloon angioplasty in sealing arterial dissections and to characterize the histologic features associated with this intervention.
Coronary dissection accompanying balloon dilation is frequently associated with abrupt closure and acute ischemic c... | 328 | 21 |
8,197,940 | Does clinical and MR correlate in children with extrapyramidal cerebral palsy? | {
"contexts": [
"To identify the characteristic MR findings in extrapyramidal cerebral palsy.",
"Six patients who had suffered intrapartum asphyxia and who subsequently developed extrapyramidal cerebral palsy were identified. Asphyxia was evidenced by severe neonatal systemic acidosis as documented by a venou... | MR demonstrated lesions in the putamen and thalamus in all of our six patients with severe extrapyramidal cerebral palsy who had suffered intrapartum asphyxia. | yes | To identify the characteristic MR findings in extrapyramidal cerebral palsy.
Six patients who had suffered intrapartum asphyxia and who subsequently developed extrapyramidal cerebral palsy were identified. Asphyxia was evidenced by severe neonatal systemic acidosis as documented by a venous cord pH of less than 7.0 whe... | 233 | 16 |
8,213,238 | Do elderly outpatients respond favorably to a physician-initiated advance directive discussion? | {
"contexts": [
"Little is known about the emotional impact of physician-initiated advance directive discussions.",
"One hundred ambulatory patients aged 65 years and older were randomly assigned to receive either a physician-initiated discussion of advance directive choices of a discussion of health promotio... | Physicians should anticipate positive emotional responses when they initiate advance directive discussions with their elderly outpatients. Advance directive discussions will be received most positively by patients who enjoy good psychological and physical health and when initiated in the context of an established physi... | yes | Little is known about the emotional impact of physician-initiated advance directive discussions.
One hundred ambulatory patients aged 65 years and older were randomly assigned to receive either a physician-initiated discussion of advance directive choices of a discussion of health promotion issues. Prediscussion, immed... | 199 | 16 |
8,204,228 | Do calcium channel blockers enhance increases in plasma potassium after succinylcholine in humans? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine whether chronic calcium channel blocker therapy exaggerates the rise in plasma potassium concentration ([K+]) after succinylcholine administration.",
"Prospective clinical study.",
"University and Veterans Affairs hospitals.",
"36 ASA physical status III and IV male patie... | Patients receiving chronic calcium channel blocker therapy are at no greater risk of hyperkalemia after succinylcholine than those not taking such medications. | no | To determine whether chronic calcium channel blocker therapy exaggerates the rise in plasma potassium concentration ([K+]) after succinylcholine administration.
Prospective clinical study.
University and Veterans Affairs hospitals.
36 ASA physical status III and IV male patients: 21 patients taking chronic calcium chan... | 213 | 18 |
8,203,955 | Does a western blot approach to detection of human plasma protein conjugate derived from D-penicillamine? | {
"contexts": [
"To develop and apply an immunochemical approach to the study of drug-plasma protein conjugates derived from the anti-arthritic drug D-penicillamine (DP).",
"An antiserum with specificity for protein-conjugated DP was raised in a rabbit. Plasma samples from patients receiving DP or from incuba... | Drug-plasma protein conjugates derived from DP in vivo and in vitro can be detected immunochemically by the Western blot method. Theories of DP immunotoxicity have implicated antigenicity of the drug, but this is the first immunochemical demonstration of a potential DP-derived antigen in human plasma. The method we des... | yes | To develop and apply an immunochemical approach to the study of drug-plasma protein conjugates derived from the anti-arthritic drug D-penicillamine (DP).
An antiserum with specificity for protein-conjugated DP was raised in a rabbit. Plasma samples from patients receiving DP or from incubations of isolated normal plasm... | 251 | 21 |
8,193,430 | Does cyclosporine monitoring improve graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis after bone marrow transplantation? | {
"contexts": [
"The principal objective of this study was to determine whether a relationship exists between trough cyclosporine concentrations measured by HPLC and the development of acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.",
"A retrospective analysis of 59 consec... | Cyclosporine concentrations are associated with the development of acute GVHD. Patients with HPLC whole blood concentrations < 200 ng/mL are at significantly higher risk of developing GVHD, particularly if these concentrations are observed during the week of neutrophil engraftment. More effective GVHD prophylaxis could... | yes | The principal objective of this study was to determine whether a relationship exists between trough cyclosporine concentrations measured by HPLC and the development of acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.
A retrospective analysis of 59 consecutive human leukocyte antigen-... | 449 | 21 |
8,203,442 | Does mammary stimulation test predict preterm birth in nulliparous women? | {
"contexts": [
"This prospective clinical trial was designed to assess the ability of the mammary stimulation test to predict preterm birth in a private nulliparous population.",
"The mammary stimulation test was performed between 26 and 28 weeks' gestation by 267 nulliparous women with singleton pregnancies... | In this population traditionally considered to be at low risk for preterm birth a positive mammary stimulation test was useful in identifying patients at risk for preterm uterine activity and preterm birth. Equally important was the identification of women who were at low risk for preterm birth. | yes | This prospective clinical trial was designed to assess the ability of the mammary stimulation test to predict preterm birth in a private nulliparous population.
The mammary stimulation test was performed between 26 and 28 weeks' gestation by 267 nulliparous women with singleton pregnancies. Test results were blinded to... | 385 | 16 |
8,203,977 | Is insulin regulation of hepatic glucose transporter protein impaired in chronic pancreatitis? | {
"contexts": [
"The effect of chronic pancreatitis and insulin on the expression of the hepatic facilitative glucose transporter protein (GLUT-2) was determined in rats.",
"Chronic pancreatitis is associated with diabetes mellitus or impaired glucose tolerance. Suppression of hepatic glucose production (HGP)... | Insulin suppresses glucagon-stimulated HGP in normal and sham-operated rats, and this reduction in HGP is associated with a decrease in the membrane-bound quantity of GLUT-2. In chronic pancreatitis, insulin suppression of HGP is absent, and this is accompanied by an increase in GLUT-2 in the hepatocyte membrane. The a... | yes | The effect of chronic pancreatitis and insulin on the expression of the hepatic facilitative glucose transporter protein (GLUT-2) was determined in rats.
Chronic pancreatitis is associated with diabetes mellitus or impaired glucose tolerance. Suppression of hepatic glucose production (HGP) by insulin is impaired, altho... | 363 | 15 |
8,194,686 | Does glutamine stimulate prostaglandin-sensitive Na ( + ) -H+ exchange in experimental porcine cryptosporidiosis? | {
"contexts": [
"Recent studies of piglet cryptosporidiosis showed an injury-induced impairment of sodium-glucose cotransport and a prostaglandin-mediated inhibition of neutral NaCl absorption. Because glutamine has been shown to stimulate both neutral and electrogenic Na+ absorption, this study examined the mech... | Glutamine-stimulated neutral Na+ absorption is mediated by a prostaglandin-sensitive apical Na(+)-H+ exchange mechanism. The heightened Na(+)-H+ exchange and tissue oxidation of glutamine suggest that glutamine is superior to glucose for use in oral rehydration solutions. | yes | Recent studies of piglet cryptosporidiosis showed an injury-induced impairment of sodium-glucose cotransport and a prostaglandin-mediated inhibition of neutral NaCl absorption. Because glutamine has been shown to stimulate both neutral and electrogenic Na+ absorption, this study examined the mechanism of prostaglandin-... | 275 | 28 |
8,201,106 | Is intra-operative gut mucosal hypoperfusion associated with increased post-operative complications and cost? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine CO and gastric mucosal perfusion in patients during elective major surgery; to seek a relationship with subsequent outcome.",
"Prospective descriptive study.",
"University hospital.",
"51 patients undergoing elective major surgery of an anticipated duration of greater tha... | A low gastric pHi measured during the intraoperative period in a group of patients undergoing major (mainly cardiovascular) surgery is associated with increased post-operative complications and cost. | yes | To determine CO and gastric mucosal perfusion in patients during elective major surgery; to seek a relationship with subsequent outcome.
Prospective descriptive study.
University hospital.
51 patients undergoing elective major surgery of an anticipated duration of greater than 2 h who were at risk of developing gut muc... | 424 | 18 |
8,194,705 | Are allelic deletions of MCC/APC and p53 frequent late events in human gastric carcinogenesis? | {
"contexts": [
"Frequent allelic deletion affecting the mutated in colon cancer/adenomatous polyposis coli (MCC/APC) and p53 tumor suppressor gene loci has been reported in human cancers. However, simultaneous correlative analyses of these two abnormalities or their timing in gastric tumorigenesis have not been ... | These results suggest that allelic deletions involving p53 and MCC/APC are common late events in gastric cancer. They also imply that allelic deletions affecting MCC/APC may not occur independently of those involving p53 in gastric tumorigenesis. | yes | Frequent allelic deletion affecting the mutated in colon cancer/adenomatous polyposis coli (MCC/APC) and p53 tumor suppressor gene loci has been reported in human cancers. However, simultaneous correlative analyses of these two abnormalities or their timing in gastric tumorigenesis have not been performed.
To ascertain... | 222 | 21 |
8,214,758 | Does propofol activate GABAA receptor-chloride ionophore complex in dissociated hippocampal pyramidal neurons of the rat? | {
"contexts": [
"The molecular mechanism of propofol anesthesia has been related to facilitation of the inhibitory neurotransmission mediated by gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). In the current study, the authors examined the direct actions of propofol on the acutely dissociated mammalian central neurons.",
"Hi... | Propofol at clinically relevant concentrations directly activates the GABAA receptor-chloride ionophore complex in the mammalian central neurons and, hence, increases the chloride conductance, which may contribute to anesthesia produced by the agent. The desensitization of the GABAA receptor in the presence of high con... | yes | The molecular mechanism of propofol anesthesia has been related to facilitation of the inhibitory neurotransmission mediated by gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). In the current study, the authors examined the direct actions of propofol on the acutely dissociated mammalian central neurons.
Hippocampal pyramidal neurons we... | 407 | 30 |
8,195,017 | Do activators of protein kinase C selectively mediate cellular cytotoxicity to hypoxic cells and not aerobic cells? | {
"contexts": [
"By understanding the signal transduction pathways through which a cell responds to changes in environmental oxygen levels, we may be able to therapeutically exploit this response by manipulating these pathways.",
"The human adenocarcinoma cell line A549 was exposed to varying durations of hyp... | These studies suggest that accumulation of phospholipid breakdown products may be responsible for TPA induced cell killing, and that hypoxic cells differ from aerobic cells in their ability to tolerate these products. | yes | By understanding the signal transduction pathways through which a cell responds to changes in environmental oxygen levels, we may be able to therapeutically exploit this response by manipulating these pathways.
The human adenocarcinoma cell line A549 was exposed to varying durations of hypoxia alone and then plated for... | 267 | 23 |
8,195,517 | Does local delivery of a synthetic antithrombin with a hydrogel-coated angioplasty balloon catheter inhibit platelet-dependent thrombosis? | {
"contexts": [
"This study evaluated the efficacy of local administration of an antithrombin agent with a hydrogel-coated percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty balloon catheter.",
"Intravenous infusion of antithrombin compounds has been shown to inhibit platelet-dependent thrombosis. However, hemorr... | These results suggest that in this model, a hydrogel-coated coronary angioplasty balloon catheter can be used to deliver enough antithrombin agent to inhibit platelet-dependent thrombosis for at least 45 min at doses that are several orders of magnitude less than those required for systemic administration. In addition,... | yes | This study evaluated the efficacy of local administration of an antithrombin agent with a hydrogel-coated percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty balloon catheter.
Intravenous infusion of antithrombin compounds has been shown to inhibit platelet-dependent thrombosis. However, hemorrhage is a common side effect a... | 327 | 30 |
8,213,870 | Is bone density reduced during the short-term administration of levothyroxine to postmenopausal women with subclinical hypothyroidism : a randomized , prospective study? | {
"contexts": [
"Controversy exists as to whether patients with subclinical hypothyroidism benefit from treatment. Two randomized trials reported that hypothyroid symptoms improved following thyroid hormone replacement therapy. However, during the initial treatment of overt hypothyroidism with levothyroxine, thre... | Unlike the early treatment of overt hypothyroidism, there is no short-term reduction of bone density with levothyroxine treatment of subclinical hypothyroidism in postmenopausal women. These data suggest that potentially symptomatic women with subclinical hypothyroidism should be given a trial of levothyroxine therapy ... | no | Controversy exists as to whether patients with subclinical hypothyroidism benefit from treatment. Two randomized trials reported that hypothyroid symptoms improved following thyroid hormone replacement therapy. However, during the initial treatment of overt hypothyroidism with levothyroxine, three studies have demonstr... | 380 | 35 |
8,215,738 | Is familial defective apolipoprotein B-100 clinically indistinguishable from familial hypercholesterolemia? | {
"contexts": [
"Familial defective apolipoprotein B-100 is caused by a substitution of adenine for guanine in exon 26 of the gene coding for apolipoprotein B, which results in the substitution of glutamine for arginine in the putative low-density lipoprotein-receptor binding domain of the mature protein. This am... | The disorder was clinically indistinguishable from familial hypercholesterolemia in terms of physical characteristics and lipoprotein measures. Response to lipid-lowering therapy with beta-hydroxy-beta-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors was similar to that reported in patients with familial hypercholesterol... | yes | Familial defective apolipoprotein B-100 is caused by a substitution of adenine for guanine in exon 26 of the gene coding for apolipoprotein B, which results in the substitution of glutamine for arginine in the putative low-density lipoprotein-receptor binding domain of the mature protein. This amino acid substitution d... | 243 | 23 |
8,208,006 | Is [ Pentoxifylline useful in the prevention of toxicity associated with bone marrow transplantation ]? | {
"contexts": [
"To evaluate the possible beneficial effect of pentoxifylline (PTX) on both the decrease of toxicity related to bone marrow transplantation (BMT) and the acceleration of the hematopoietic graft.",
"Twenty consecutive patients treated with BMT received pentoxifylline (400 mg/6 hours, orally) up... | Treatment with pentoxifylline does not prevent the toxicity derived from BMT or accelerate the hematopoietic grafting. | no | To evaluate the possible beneficial effect of pentoxifylline (PTX) on both the decrease of toxicity related to bone marrow transplantation (BMT) and the acceleration of the hematopoietic graft.
Twenty consecutive patients treated with BMT received pentoxifylline (400 mg/6 hours, orally) up to day +50 to prevent toxicit... | 181 | 20 |
8,192,551 | Are the panicogenic effects of cholecystokinin-tetrapeptide antagonized by L-365,260 , a central cholecystokinin receptor antagonist , in patients with panic disorder? | {
"contexts": [
"We investigated whether the selective brain cholecystokinin (CCKB) receptor antagonist, L-365,260, could antagonize the panicogenic effects of CCK-tetrapeptide (CCK-4) in patients with panic disorder.",
"The study employed a double-blind, placebo-controlled, two-period crossover design. Patie... | These data suggest that CCKB receptors are an important site of action of exogenous CCK-4. It will be important to determine in future studies the efficacy of CCKB receptor antagonists as antipanic agents. | yes | We investigated whether the selective brain cholecystokinin (CCKB) receptor antagonist, L-365,260, could antagonize the panicogenic effects of CCK-tetrapeptide (CCK-4) in patients with panic disorder.
The study employed a double-blind, placebo-controlled, two-period crossover design. Patients (N = 29) received a single... | 290 | 40 |
8,205,659 | Does reduction in serum cholesterol with pravastatin improve endothelium-dependent coronary vasomotion in patients with hypercholesterolemia? | {
"contexts": [
"This study aimed to determine if cholesterol-lowering therapy improves endothelium-dependent coronary vasomotion in patients with hypercholesterolemia.",
"Nine patients with hypercholesterolemia were studied before and after cholesterol-lowering therapy with pravastatin (an inhibitor of HMG-C... | These results suggest that cholesterol-lowering therapy with pravastatin may improve endothelium-dependent coronary vasomotion, which may possibly contribute to the improvement of myocardial perfusion as well as the regression of coronary atherosclerosis. | yes | This study aimed to determine if cholesterol-lowering therapy improves endothelium-dependent coronary vasomotion in patients with hypercholesterolemia.
Nine patients with hypercholesterolemia were studied before and after cholesterol-lowering therapy with pravastatin (an inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase) for 6 +/- 3 mont... | 331 | 29 |
8,215,633 | Does anabolic therapy with growth hormone accelerate protein gain in surgical patients requiring nutritional rehabilitation? | {
"contexts": [
"The authors investigated the effects of exogenous growth hormone (GH) on protein accretion and the composition of weight gain in a group of stable, nutritionally compromised postoperative patients receiving standard hypercaloric nutritional therapy.",
"A significant loss of body protein impai... | GH administration accelerated protein gain in stable adult patients receiving aggressive nutritional therapy without a significant increase in body fat or a disproportionate expansion of ECW. GH therapy accelerated nutritional repletion and, therefore, may shorten the convalescence of the malnourished patient requiring... | yes | The authors investigated the effects of exogenous growth hormone (GH) on protein accretion and the composition of weight gain in a group of stable, nutritionally compromised postoperative patients receiving standard hypercaloric nutritional therapy.
A significant loss of body protein impairs normal physiologic function... | 530 | 17 |
8,202,987 | Does the competitive NMDA antagonist MDL-100,453 reduce infarct size after experimental stroke? | {
"contexts": [
"The competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist MDL-100,453 was used to determine whether a neuroprotective effect is demonstrable when the drug is administered beginning 30 minutes after the initiation of focal ischemia and whether the effect is related to blood levels of the drug.",
"Forty-... | We demonstrated a significant neuroprotective effect of MDL-100,453 when treatment was initiated 30 minutes after ischemia began and was maintained for 24 hours. | yes | The competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist MDL-100,453 was used to determine whether a neuroprotective effect is demonstrable when the drug is administered beginning 30 minutes after the initiation of focal ischemia and whether the effect is related to blood levels of the drug.
Forty-eight Sprague-Dawley rats were... | 366 | 22 |
8,202,985 | Does chimeric 7E3 prevent carotid artery thrombosis in cynomolgus monkeys? | {
"contexts": [
"We compared the current antithrombotic strategy of antiplatelet therapy with aspirin, and anticoagulant therapy with heparin, with a specific genetically engineered chimeric antibody (c7E3 Fab) directed against the human glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor in an animal model of arterial thrombosis.",
... | Inhibition of the platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor with c7E3 Fab was found to be safe and effective for the prevention of primary thrombus formation, whereas treatment with either aspirin or heparin or the combination of the two agents failed to protect against occlusive thrombus formation in cynomolgus monkeys. | yes | We compared the current antithrombotic strategy of antiplatelet therapy with aspirin, and anticoagulant therapy with heparin, with a specific genetically engineered chimeric antibody (c7E3 Fab) directed against the human glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor in an animal model of arterial thrombosis.
Anesthetized cynomolgus m... | 448 | 23 |
8,202,980 | Is internal carotid artery redundancy significantly associated with dissection? | {
"contexts": [
"Redundant internal carotid arteries have been considered a risk factor in tonsillectomy, adenoidectomy, and surgical treatment of peritonsillar abscess and also a potentially treatable cause of stroke. However, an association between internal carotid artery redundancy and spontaneous dissection h... | We found a significant correlation between internal carotid artery redundancy and dissection, particularly if redundancy is present bilaterally. | yes | Redundant internal carotid arteries have been considered a risk factor in tonsillectomy, adenoidectomy, and surgical treatment of peritonsillar abscess and also a potentially treatable cause of stroke. However, an association between internal carotid artery redundancy and spontaneous dissection has not yet been clearly... | 288 | 13 |
8,202,988 | Does brain ischemia decrease phosphatidylcholine-phospholipase D but not phosphatidylinositol-phospholipase C in rats? | {
"contexts": [
"Phosphatidylcholine (PC)-phospholipase D (PLD) is an important intracellular signaling pathway in response to a variety of agonists, but little is known about the effects of brain ischemia on the PC-PLD system. We thus have examined the effects of global cerebral ischemia on PLD in rats.",
"W... | These results suggest that PC-PLD is one of the target enzymes of ischemia; its decrease may cause a perturbation of PC hydrolysis and/or disorders of intracellular transduction of signals or choline metabolism for acetylcholine formation in brain. | yes | Phosphatidylcholine (PC)-phospholipase D (PLD) is an important intracellular signaling pathway in response to a variety of agonists, but little is known about the effects of brain ischemia on the PC-PLD system. We thus have examined the effects of global cerebral ischemia on PLD in rats.
We have examined the effects of... | 363 | 34 |
8,205,669 | Are platelet aggregation and HDL cholesterol predictive of acute coronary events in heart transplant recipients? | {
"contexts": [
"Sudden death (SD) and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) are the main complications limiting long-term survival after heart transplantation (HT). They are unpredictable and, at present, unpreventable. Platelet aggregation (PA) has recently emerged as a significant prognostic indicator in nontransp... | This study provides the first demonstration of an association between increased platelet aggregation and subsequent SD or AMI in HT recipients. It suggests that platelets and thrombosis also are implicated in the pathogenesis of AMI and SD in HT recipients. Identification of a safe and effective antiplatelet therapy sh... | yes | Sudden death (SD) and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) are the main complications limiting long-term survival after heart transplantation (HT). They are unpredictable and, at present, unpreventable. Platelet aggregation (PA) has recently emerged as a significant prognostic indicator in nontransplanted coronary disease... | 325 | 18 |
8,219,523 | Does sine-wave auricular TENS produce frequency-dependent hypesthesia in the trigeminal nerve? | {
"contexts": [
"To evaluate the effects of different frequencies of auricular (ear-to-ear) sine-wave transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), administered at subliminal intensity, on trigeminal nerve sensitivity.",
"In a double-blind protocol, healthy volunteer subjects were administered one of th... | Sine-wave auricular TENS produces frequency-dependent trigeminal hypesthesia that is not a placebo effect. | yes | To evaluate the effects of different frequencies of auricular (ear-to-ear) sine-wave transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), administered at subliminal intensity, on trigeminal nerve sensitivity.
In a double-blind protocol, healthy volunteer subjects were administered one of three different frequencies of a... | 288 | 21 |
8,217,974 | Is urine production rate related to behavioural states in the near term human fetus? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the relation between hourly fetal urine production rate (HFUPR) and behavioural states 1F and 2F (corresponding to quiet and active sleep, respectively) in normal near term fetuses.",
"An observational study.",
"A clinic for antenatal care at a university hospital.",
"N... | During active sleep (state 2F) hourly fetal urine production rate is considerably reduced as compared to quiet sleep (state 1F). | yes | To investigate the relation between hourly fetal urine production rate (HFUPR) and behavioural states 1F and 2F (corresponding to quiet and active sleep, respectively) in normal near term fetuses.
An observational study.
A clinic for antenatal care at a university hospital.
Nineteen healthy pregnant women examined at 3... | 206 | 15 |
8,204,319 | Does evaluation of the use of general practice age-sex register in epidemiological research? | {
"contexts": [
"This study set out to show how well samples from general practice registers compare with census data, to describe those characteristics of the population and of the register that influence the response to postal surveys, and to demonstrate how general practice records can be used to assess non-re... | General practice registers can provide a suitable sampling frame for epidemiological purposes. Inaccuracies in the register can be reduced to some extent by careful inspection, but an irreducible minimum remain. Information held in general practice records can be useful in assessing response bias in health surveys. | yes | This study set out to show how well samples from general practice registers compare with census data, to describe those characteristics of the population and of the register that influence the response to postal surveys, and to demonstrate how general practice records can be used to assess non-response bias.
The data f... | 218 | 16 |
8,205,673 | Does intracoronary angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition improve diastolic function in patients with hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy? | {
"contexts": [
"There is increasing recognition of myocardial angiotensin-converting enzyme, which is induced with the development of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). The potential physiological significance of subsequent increased angiotensin I to II conversion in the presence of LVH is unclear but has been ... | Intracoronary enalaprilat resulted in an improvement in active (Ca(2+)-dependent) relaxation in those patients with more severe hypertensive LVH. The improvement in active relaxation was directly proportional to the severity of LVH. These results support the hypothesis that the cardiac renin-angiotensin system is an im... | yes | There is increasing recognition of myocardial angiotensin-converting enzyme, which is induced with the development of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). The potential physiological significance of subsequent increased angiotensin I to II conversion in the presence of LVH is unclear but has been postulated to cause abn... | 521 | 29 |
8,215,873 | Does transfusion significantly increase the risk for infection after splenic injury? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine if splenectomy results in an increased risk for perioperative infection when analyzed against splenic repair and to identify factors associated with perioperative infection, respiratory complication, and admission to the intensive care unit following surgery for splenic trauma.",
... | The choice between splenectomy and splenic repair does not affect the risk for perioperative infection following injury, whereas blood transfusion significantly increases the risk for perioperative infection, respiratory complication, and admission to the intensive care unit. | yes | To determine if splenectomy results in an increased risk for perioperative infection when analyzed against splenic repair and to identify factors associated with perioperative infection, respiratory complication, and admission to the intensive care unit following surgery for splenic trauma.
Data were collected retrospe... | 257 | 14 |
8,201,088 | Is low intramucosal pH associated with failure to acidify the gastric lumen in response to pentagastrin? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine if low gastric intramucosal pH is associated with impaired secretion of gastric acid after pentagastrin stimulation.",
"Prospective study.",
"Intensive care unit of a university teaching hospital.",
"20 patients requiring mechanical ventilation.",
"All patients with a... | Some critically ill patients with low gastric intramucosal pH appear to have an impaired ability to acidify the gastric lumen in response to pentagastrin. | yes | To determine if low gastric intramucosal pH is associated with impaired secretion of gastric acid after pentagastrin stimulation.
Prospective study.
Intensive care unit of a university teaching hospital.
20 patients requiring mechanical ventilation.
All patients with a gastric luminal pH > 4 were given pentagastrin 6 m... | 315 | 25 |
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