ID stringlengths 10 13 | claim stringlengths 7 306 | posted stringlengths 10 10 | sci_digest sequencelengths 0 3 | justification stringlengths 396 32.8k | issues sequencelengths 1 10 | image_data listlengths 0 16 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
FMD_test_0 | When I ran for Congress, I promised to refuse money from corporate PACs. Ive kept that promise. | 08/19/2020 | [
"Rep. Abigail Spanberger says she's kept a promise to reject corporate PAC money., She does, however, accept contributions from leadership PACs that raise money from corporate PACs., The Center for Responsive Politics estimates 2.6% of donations to Spanberger is indirect money from corporate PACs."
] | Rep. Abigail Spanberger sits in a yard with her parents during aTV ad, talking about the lessons they imparted. Growing up, my parents taught me, Correct whats wrong, maintain whats right, the Virginia Democrat says. Then, Spanberger addresses something shes trying to correct: Corporate donations to political campaigns... | [
"Campaign Finance",
"Virginia"
] | [] |
FMD_test_1 | Are individuals involved in sex trafficking marking vehicles as possible targets? | 08/25/2020 | [
"Human trafficking is a real problem in the world, but the schemes outlined in many viral rumors like this one are not."
] | In August 2020, a photograph showing the figures "1f1b" written on the back window of a vehicle began circulating on social media, accompanied by a warning about an alleged tactic used by sex traffickers to flag potential targets. Those sharing this meme claimed that this term stood for either "1 female 1 boy" or "1 fe... | [
"share"
] | [
{
"image_src": "https://drive.google.com/uc?export=view&id=1YtGz9EM5vbOMsaMcEz9hqcqnlWMOJXEO",
"image_caption": null
},
{
"image_src": "https://drive.google.com/uc?export=view&id=1oq3Jt8DAvaau4Yl5lHnzgqOJV0-FncJb",
"image_caption": null
}
] |
FMD_test_2 | Missing Child: Ember Graham | 09/01/2015 | [
""
] | FACT CHECK: Is an infant named Ember Graham missing from her Happy Valley, California, home? Claim: An infant named Ember Graham is missing from her Happy Valley, California, home. Example: [Collected via Facebook, August 2015] My Ember is STILL missing. She went missing July 2, 2015 from Happy Valley, CA. S... | [
"interest"
] | [
{
"image_src": "https://drive.google.com/uc?export=view&id=1FuQ5ryU3uOQvcC07mp5UGU0H5_qfNnWT",
"image_caption": null
},
{
"image_src": "https://drive.google.com/uc?export=view&id=15PVQVniWyUszmANaj0sAUorGoeY3vgTU",
"image_caption": null
}
] |
FMD_test_3 | Did U.S. Rep. Elijah Cummings Write a Bill to Keep All of Barack Obama's Records Sealed? | 05/07/2019 | [
"H.R. 1233 was intended to improve public access to all presidential records, not to \"keep Obamas records sealed.\""
] | On 26 November 2014, U.S. President Barack Obama signed into law H.R. 1233, the Presidential and Federal Records Act Amendments of 2014. This bill, sponsored by Democratic U.S. Rep. Elijah Cummings of Maryland, was described in a press release as one that "modernizes records management by focusing more directly on elec... | [
"returns"
] | [
{
"image_src": "https://drive.google.com/uc?export=view&id=1gZQq7UTWEg1hSVWIdNTwQGhBb3vSYkKE",
"image_caption": null
},
{
"image_src": "https://drive.google.com/uc?export=view&id=1bJFA_LZ7Noxo7LXIrGuQEh3dtdzldTnD",
"image_caption": null
}
] |
FMD_test_4 | Are 20 Percent of Homicide Victims with Restraining Orders Killed Soon After Obtaining Them? | 10/15/2018 | [
"An image disseminated online cites part of a 2008 study on domestic violence but omits one key piece of information."
] | With October marking Domestic Violence Awareness Month in the U.S., readers contacted us regarding a graphic circulating online that shared an alarming statistic about homicide rates for partners who obtained restraining orders. The graphic, which was unattributed but bore the hashtag #DVAM2018, stated: 1 in 5 homicide... | [
"income"
] | [
{
"image_src": "https://drive.google.com/uc?export=view&id=1Qa2vhfpZTwGtdNB77y0cGKJWTRDCr-mV",
"image_caption": null
}
] |
FMD_test_5 | John Kerry's Address Given on the Front Porch | 10/20/2004 | [
"Were streets closed and Bush/Cheney signs removed during John Kerry's 'front porch' stop on Labor Day?"
] | For John Kerry's Labor Day 'front porch' stop in Canonsburg, Pennsylvania, neighborhood streets were closed, and residents were told to take down their Bush/Cheney signs. Neighborhood streets were closed: True. Residents were ordered to remove their Bush/Cheney signage: False. Example: [Collected on the Internet, 2004]... | [
"economy"
] | [
{
"image_src": "https://drive.google.com/uc?export=view&id=1PZ5vhqPtsvj1AX6RKo5kCduO__1-2iPx",
"image_caption": null
},
{
"image_src": "https://drive.google.com/uc?export=view&id=1ECJPY7X4-iCwSuVot2YvqjXMHAG7hs3M",
"image_caption": null
}
] |
FMD_test_6 | Detailed Social Housing Initiative | 07/28/2011 | [
"Video clip shows Tacoma housing development 'built for illegal immigrants' who are receiving 'refugee pay.'"
] | Claim: Video clip shows a Tacoma housing development "built for illegal immigrants" who are receiving "refugee pay." Example: [Collected via e-mail, July 2011] I want to move to Tacoma... to the good life! Here is a development in Tacoma, WA (Salishan) that was built for illegal immigrants! 1,325 homes created! Refugee... | [
"income"
] | [] |
FMD_test_7 | Does Website for Wisconsin Republicans Say 'Prepare for War'? | 01/12/2021 | [
"The St. Croix County Republican Party supposedly kept the phrase on its website, despite requests to take it down."
] | On Jan. 12, 2021, news reports surfaced alleging that a web page for Wisconsin's St. Croix County Republican Party told supporters to "prepare for war," despite urging from the state party to remove the message and the deadly insurrection by supporters of U.S. President Donald Trump at the U.S. Capitol the previous wee... | [
"returns"
] | [
{
"image_src": "https://drive.google.com/uc?export=view&id=19agzFTtS2IlLn4e_RMLM6cxMiXTtnsqt",
"image_caption": null
}
] |
FMD_test_8 | This Is Not a Real Photo of the Pope in a Puffy Coat | 03/26/2023 | [
"We will soon be drowning in AI-generated deepfake images."
] | On March 25, 2023, a photo that appeared to show 86-year-old Pope Francis out and about in a fashionable white puffer jacket went viral on social media. As many who saw it suspected, it was actually a deepfake image created via artificial intelligence (AI). It originally appeared on Reddit in the r/midjourney subreddit... | [
"share"
] | [
{
"image_src": "https://drive.google.com/uc?export=view&id=1eSKhCvt5EvgCKwESZSpj-Qr6kl06KtWh",
"image_caption": null
}
] |
FMD_test_9 | Did an 11-Year-Old Girl Shoot and Kill 'Illegal Aliens' Burglarizing Her Home? | 05/02/2007 | [
"The fake story of two undocumented immigrants burglarizing a home and being killed by a little girl with a shotgun is more than a decade old."
] | A story about two armed "illegal aliens" killed during an attempted home invasion by an 11-year-old shotgun-wielding girl was posted to LibertyPost.org on 25 April 2007: Two illegal aliens, Ralphel Resindez 23 and Enrico Garza 26, probably believed they would easily overpower a home alone 11 year old Patricia Harringt... | [
"lien"
] | [
{
"image_src": "https://drive.google.com/uc?export=view&id=1HraJOwsLVJTqScd8hA-mif2v6U6SfoJx",
"image_caption": null
}
] |
FMD_test_10 | Spokane Man Saves Ducklings Jumping from Building Ledge | 07/30/2008 | [
"\"Could you imagine the second day of your life having to jump from a building to get home?\" "
] | Mallard ducks frequently make their nests at ground level, but for whatever reason a female Mallard in downtown Spokane, Washington, chose a cement awning ten feet up an office building for her nesting site. As detailed in viral email at the time, the duck laid her clutch of eggs just outside the window of Joel Armstr... | [
"loan"
] | [
{
"image_src": "https://drive.google.com/uc?export=view&id=1xeqaEjT4ttqlr771P70pbJCSbqE98Sp9",
"image_caption": null
},
{
"image_src": "https://drive.google.com/uc?export=view&id=10fCGsEzCNbguea3KBdDBecd5AnGUmiDU",
"image_caption": null
},
{
"image_src": "https://drive.google.com/uc?expo... |
FMD_test_11 | Is This Surprising Payment from an Unknown Individual Genuine? | 04/02/2020 | [
"Someone you dont know sends you a check, then asks you to deposit it and send some of the money to another party. But the check is counterfeit."
] | In March 2020, the prospect of the U.S. government's sending out $1,200 stimulus checks to individual taxpayers as part of a $2 trillion emergency economic package to address the COVID-19 pandemic created a prime opportunity for grifters who engage in scams that involve luring victims by mailing checks to them. In part... | [
"funds"
] | [
{
"image_src": "https://drive.google.com/uc?export=view&id=1ChQLi5UG5vBxE-0vMzEKtBE4YShsyi_u",
"image_caption": null
}
] |
FMD_test_12 | Did Abraham Lincoln Express Opposition to Racial Equality? | 08/16/2017 | [
"An authentic quote from Lincoln has attracted renewed attention, along with some commentary that oversimplifies his views on race."
] | In the aftermath of violence at a white supremacist rally in Charlottesville, Virginia in August 2017 (and in the context of a wider debate over the removal of Confederate statues), a particular quote spread on Facebook and Twitter, appearing to indicate Abraham Lincoln's opposition to racial equality. On 14 August, th... | [
"profit"
] | [
{
"image_src": "https://drive.google.com/uc?export=view&id=17zXN_Q9jPANGPU7-ozdaPyzzTJpGoBBh",
"image_caption": null
}
] |
FMD_test_13 | Is This Meme About Mandatory COVID-19 Vaccinations Accurate? | 07/07/2020 | [
"It's difficult to make a nonexistent vaccine mandatory."
] | Snopes is still fighting an infodemic of rumors and misinformation surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic, and you can help. Find out what we've learned and how to inoculate yourself against COVID-19 misinformation. Read the latest fact checks about the vaccines. Submit any questionable rumors and advice you encounter. Beco... | [
"liability"
] | [
{
"image_src": "https://drive.google.com/uc?export=view&id=1iaXk-MT3CpiHYHxBxd2Wmv_0ybq26naq",
"image_caption": null
}
] |
FMD_test_14 | Was Hillary Clinton Offered a Plea Deal in August 2017? | 08/10/2017 | [
"A single source claimed that Hillary Clinton was offered a plea deal after the Justice Department reopened an investigation into her server."
] | On 8 August 2017, NewsMax author Ed Klein published an article ("Hillary's Plea Bargain") heavily insinuating that Hillary Clinton had been quietly offered a plea bargain due to the Justice Department's belief that the former candidate was prosecutable on "a number of counts." That claim rested on a solitary anonymous ... | [
"investment"
] | [
{
"image_src": "https://drive.google.com/uc?export=view&id=1dceG4ko7NEMFepnLP0I4NWh0Xoj_w0c_",
"image_caption": null
}
] |
FMD_test_15 | Does This Photograph Show Beetles Embedded in a Dog's Mouth? | 11/21/2015 | [
"A shocking image was circulated with a warning to pet owners to check their dogs' mouths for beetles."
] | In mid-November 2015, a photograph purportedly showing what resemble common ladybugs and Japanese beetles embedded on the roof of a dog's mouth began circulating via Facebook: Most of the users who shared the above-displayed image on Facebook included a variation of the following message: SOMEBODY ASKED ME TO PASS TH... | [
"share"
] | [
{
"image_src": "https://drive.google.com/uc?export=view&id=1fz6GYn77w9usM5UAr5kZxB9Cj46dBE2N",
"image_caption": null
},
{
"image_src": "https://drive.google.com/uc?export=view&id=1YiYudKy_sV0CniddrFDgAYaBILYif73K",
"image_caption": null
}
] |
FMD_test_16 | Says taxes paid by the poorest residents of Texas are above the national average. | 03/14/2011 | [] | New York Times columnist Paul Krugman sees Texas as a model for how things might be going wrong across the nation. In his latest blast, posted online on Feb. 27, he critiques the state's reputedly low taxes. "Texas taxes are low, at least if you're in the upper part of the income distribution," Krugman writes. He adds,... | [
"Income",
"Taxes",
"Texas"
] | [] |
FMD_test_17 | Does AARP Support the Democratic Party? | 08/19/2020 | [
"When individuals support a political party, it does not automatically mean their employer follows suit."
] | In mid-August 2020, Snopes readers inquired about a meme circulating on Facebook that claimed money given to AARP (formerly American Association of Retired Persons), an advocacy organization that lobbies on behalf of retired Americans, goes "directly" to the Democratic party. It's unclear what exactly is meant by the... | [
"finance"
] | [
{
"image_src": "https://drive.google.com/uc?export=view&id=1Uz7SDD0RI0oBZmiCBSPU9s5gD8I9shLc",
"image_caption": null
}
] |
FMD_test_18 | Did Ghislaine Maxwell Attend Chelsea Clinton's Wedding? | 04/27/2022 | [
"We were asked by our readers if convicted sex trafficker Ghislaine Maxwell truly was photographed near former U.S. President Bill Clinton as he walked his daughter down the aisle at her wedding."
] | A photograph frequently shared on social media appears to show convicted sex trafficker and former Jeffrey Epstein associate Ghislaine Maxwell watching as former U.S. President Bill Clinton walks his daughter, Chelsea, down the aisle at her wedding. Then-U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, her mother, was also in ... | [
"investment"
] | [
{
"image_src": "https://drive.google.com/uc?export=view&id=19GKNepF3XpLVW-vvzuWhCZ48ygxjZtXb",
"image_caption": null
}
] |
FMD_test_19 | Do 643,000 Bankruptcies Occur in the U.S. Every Year Due to Medical Bills? | 04/21/2016 | [
"A popular meme holds that 643,000 Americans go bankrupt every year over medical bills, but the underlying math is elusive."
] | In April 2016, a meme was published by the Facebook page "The Other 98%" (among others) claiming that 643,000 Americans declare bankruptcy due to medical bills every year, while in several other first-world countries, bankruptcies related to medical bills are non-existent (due to the implementation of national social h... | [
"insurance"
] | [
{
"image_src": "https://drive.google.com/uc?export=view&id=1k9K0CG2zMmTUgq18pCvECiLHN7HeQh5L",
"image_caption": null
},
{
"image_src": "https://drive.google.com/uc?export=view&id=1NEVI-mILgzYgOxjUWm7s_ZQc254MkzVO",
"image_caption": null
}
] |
FMD_test_20 | Is the USPS going to close soon due to the impact of COVID-19? | 04/29/2020 | [
"For many Americans who fear leaving their homes during the pandemic, the Postal Service is a lifeline."
] | Snopes is still fighting an infodemic of rumors and misinformation surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic, and you can help. Find out what we've learned and how to inoculate yourself against COVID-19 misinformation. Read the latest fact checks about the vaccines. Submit any questionable rumors and advice you encounter. Beco... | [
"economy"
] | [
{
"image_src": "https://drive.google.com/uc?export=view&id=1jhz7SJ4iTm1SqCKu-mVaazmiZWIZiVVb",
"image_caption": null
},
{
"image_src": "https://drive.google.com/uc?export=view&id=1i0y8df5_3V2pcQ-TGamPXyHZ7htiUBtZ",
"image_caption": null
},
{
"image_src": "https://drive.google.com/uc?expo... |
FMD_test_21 | Knopp says he upheld a campaign promise not to join the Public Employees Retirement System (PERS). | 02/23/2013 | [] | Freshman Oregon Sen. Tim Knopp, R-Bend, is clear that lawmakers need to fix the Public Employees Retirement System this year and that they themselves should not be part of the system. He pledged during his campaign to decline membership in PERS. Earlier this month, Knopp's office issued a press release stating that alo... | [
"Oregon",
"Elections",
"Pensions",
"Retirement",
"State Budget",
"Transparency"
] | [] |
FMD_test_22 | We reduced the government workforce by 13,000, 11 percent, during my eight years. | 06/09/2015 | [] | Before announcing that he was going to announce his presidential candidacy, former Gov. Jeb Bush told a crowd at an Orlando event that he was dedicated to conservative principles like reducing the size of government. We reduced the government workforce by 13,000, 11 percent, during my eight years, he said on June 2, 20... | [
"Jobs",
"State Budget",
"Florida"
] | [] |
FMD_test_23 | Says he was known as Veto Corleone for cutting spending as Florida governor. | 05/26/2015 | [] | Former Gov. Jeb Bush has resurrected an infamous moniker from his days in Tallahassee on the campaign trail in an attempt to show he is the godfather of fiscal conservatism. During a meeting with business leaders in Portsmouth, N.H., on May 20, 2015, Bush pointed out that he was well-known for using the line-item veto ... | [
"State Budget",
"Florida"
] | [] |
FMD_test_24 | Will banks be required to disclose all transactions exceeding $600 to the IRS as part of the Biden proposal? | 09/16/2021 | [
"The American Families Plan has a reporting requirement for banks that has infuriated some."
] | Announced in April 2021, U.S. President Joe Biden's American Families Plan is an ambitious proposal that aims to expand Americans' access to childcare and education and increase the number of women in the workforce. The plan intends to fund all of this through higher taxes on income earners and increased reporting requ... | [
"loan"
] | [
{
"image_src": "https://drive.google.com/uc?export=view&id=1O3TM4bEJZWg8OSIzGY1RR1rm8QA-nVJd",
"image_caption": null
},
{
"image_src": "https://drive.google.com/uc?export=view&id=1TZMsUpr0u9WqwMhhCUkX-TSUzd2i2rTj",
"image_caption": null
}
] |
FMD_test_25 | Did Biden Say if Israel Didn't Exist, the US 'Would Have To Invent an Israel'? | 02/08/2024 | [
"The then-senator called Israel the best $3 billion investment the U.S. made.\r"
] | The protracted, often bloody Israeli-Palestinian conflict exploded into a hot war on Oct. 7, 2023, when the militant Palestinian group Hamas launched a deadly attack on Israel and Israel retaliated by bombarding the Gaza Strip. More than 20,000 people, the vast majority of them Palestinians, were reportedly killed duri... | [
"investment"
] | [
{
"image_src": "https://drive.google.com/uc?export=view&id=1LdyDq3LlNc2Go6pgz_hXmWErrUrqA-FC",
"image_caption": null
}
] |
FMD_test_26 | Stephanie Cegielski Was Not Donald Trump's 'Top Strategist' | 03/29/2016 | [
"Stephanie Cegielski, a former spokeswoman for the \"Make America Great Again\" super PAC, wrote an open letter to Donald Trump supporters."
] | On 28 March 2016, Stephanie Cegielski, a one-time strategist for the "Make America Great Again" super PAC, published an open letter to Trump supporters on the website xoJane. Even Trump's most trusted advisors didn't expect him to fare this well. Almost a year ago, recruited for my public relations and public policy ex... | [
"funds"
] | [
{
"image_src": "https://drive.google.com/uc?export=view&id=1npGT5NdPlKDeTs_0NcRk2FDkzi3M2pKB",
"image_caption": null
}
] |
FMD_test_27 | Truckers' Strike | 09/06/2005 | [
"Are truckers poised to strike over rising fuel prices?"
] | Claim: Truckers are poised to strike over rising fuel prices. OF AND INFORMATION Examples: [Collected via e-mail, August 2005] Good Morning Friends,I have spoken with a few independent truckers in the past 24 hours, and they ALL have indicated to me that there will be a nationwide trucker strike by the Teamsters Un... | [
"economy"
] | [] |
FMD_test_28 | Did President Trump Shut Down the White House Phone-In Comment Line? | 01/24/2017 | [
"The White House phone-in comment line was non-operational in January 2017, but the change took place during President Obama's administration."
] | On 23 January 2017, the web site Addicting Info published an article reporting that the news Trump administration had dismantled the White House call-in line in order to "ban the public" from calling to offer comment or protest: article Trump Bans The Public From Calling The White House To Comment Or Protest In another... | [
"asset"
] | [
{
"image_src": "https://drive.google.com/uc?export=view&id=13JpVBKuB-u9a0elMR_OXQZjqOVt6Ix0n",
"image_caption": null
}
] |
FMD_test_29 | Was $30 million donated by Planned Parenthood to Democrats in order to sway the outcome of the Midterm Elections? | 04/23/2018 | [
"Social media memes misleadingly conflated Planned Parenthood itself with a coalition of organizations and PACs."
] | On 18 April 2018, the Facebook page The Newly Press shared a text-based meme asserting that taxpayer-subsidized Planned Parenthood was spending upwards of $30 million to influence the outcome of the upcoming midterm elections. A later similar meme claimed specifically that all $30 million was going to Democratic candid... | [
"taxes"
] | [
{
"image_src": "https://drive.google.com/uc?export=view&id=127XqwNYcx4HFojP5oUUX5QMtKIZeX9qp",
"image_caption": null
},
{
"image_src": "https://drive.google.com/uc?export=view&id=1uAJ8t3X4dzcvB-ZieQ4gSD_RPQPqraQF",
"image_caption": null
}
] |
FMD_test_30 | 2011 W-2 tax documents and HR3590 legislation | 05/25/2010 | [
"Starting in 2011, will all employees have to pay taxes on the value of health insurance provided by their employers?"
] | Claim: Starting in 2011, all employees will have to pay taxes on the value of health insurance provided by their employers. Example: [Collected via e-mail, May 2010] I contacted my Congressman about House bill HR 3590, the health care bill. I asked for a summary of changes. The Aid directed me to go to www.thomas.go... | [
"income"
] | [] |
FMD_test_31 | Did US Unemployment Reach Record Low Due to Trump? | 10/13/2020 | [
"The Trump campaign alleged pre-COVID-19 unemployment rates were evidence that he could jumpstart the pandemic-stricken economy."
] | During the U.S. vice presidential debate on Oct. 7, 2020, Republican candidate Mike Pence claimed he and U.S. President Donald Trump worked "from day one" in the White House to drive down American unemployment to "record" low levels evidence, he alleged, that voters should re-elect Trump on Nov. 3 to try and reshape t... | [
"economy"
] | [
{
"image_src": "https://drive.google.com/uc?export=view&id=1BwUABZjw6NWfyOLa74E9SlcitV0L6e0G",
"image_caption": null
},
{
"image_src": "https://drive.google.com/uc?export=view&id=1tTMdc6b174otnk-sgNZ4kwWXqehqAGeH",
"image_caption": null
},
{
"image_src": "https://drive.google.com/uc?expo... |
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