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### Question: Is prostate cancer genetic-susceptibility locus on chromosome 20q13 amplified and coupled to androgen receptor-regulation in metastatic tumors? ### Context: The 20q13 chromosomal region has been previously identified as the hereditary prostate cancer genetic-susceptibility locus on chromosome 20 (HPC20). ... |
### Question: Do plasma albumin levels correlate with decreased microcirculation and the development of skin defects in hemodialyzed patients? ### Context: Difficulty healing wounds and skin defects is a frequent problem in patients on chronic hemodialysis (HD) because of malnutrition, inflammation, and atherosclerosis... |
### Question: Do combination of IFNγ and chemotherapeutic agents increase TRAIL sensitivity of neuroblastoma cell lines? ### Context: Aim of the study was to further evaluate the role of caspase 8 and death receptors (DR) in the TRAIL-induced apoptosis of neuroblastoma (NB) cell lines.Caspase 8 mRNA expression was moni... |
### Question: Do pulmonary function tests overestimate chronic pulmonary disease in patients with severe aortic stenosis? ### Context: Pulmonary dysfunction is an important risk factor for postoperative complications after cardiac surgery, and severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is considered a relative... |
### Question: Is a strong pelvic floor associated with higher rates of sexual activity in women with pelvic floor disorders? ### Context: We evaluated the associations between pelvic floor muscle strength and tone with sexual activity and sexual function in women with pelvic floor disorders.This was a secondary analysi... |
### Question: Does functional strength training of the leg in subacute stroke improve physical performance? ### Context: To examine the effect of functional strength training in subacute stroke.A single-blinded randomized controlled trial.Two rehabilitation units.Eighteen patients in the subacute phase post stroke, ran... |
### Question: Does catheter-based radio-frequency renal nerve denervation lower blood pressure in obese hypertensive swine model? ### Context: Radio-frequency renal denervation (RDN) therapy is under investigation for the treatment of uncontrolled hypertension. Data in hypertensive, drug-naïve large animal models using... |
### Question: Is loss of the 14-3-3σ tumor suppressor a critical event in ErbB2-mediated tumor progression? ### Context: 14-3-3σ is a putative tumor suppressor involved in cell-cycle progression and epithelial polarity. We demonstrate that loss of one or both copies of the conditional 14-3-3σ allele results in accelera... |
### Question: Are elevated peripheral blood natural killer cells effectively downregulated by immunoglobulin G infusion in women with recurrent spontaneous abortions? ### Context: We investigated the hypothesis that elevated peripheral blood natural killer cells (NK) are decreased by immunoglobulin G infusion (IVIg) th... |
### Question: Bladder pain syndrome: do the different morphological and cystoscopic features correlate? ### Context: For the diagnosis of bladder pain syndrome (BPS), the International Society for the Study of Bladder Pain Syndrome (ESSIC) recommends a specific diagnostic work-up using cystoscopy with hydrodistension a... |
### Question: Should lower limb fractures be treated surgically in patients with chronic spinal injuries? ### Context: To report the outcomes of surgical treatment of lower limb fractures in patients with chronic spinal cord injuries.A total of 37 lower limb fractures were treated from 2003 to 2010, of which 25 fractur... |
### Question: Small bowel lymphangiectasia and angiodysplasia: a positive association; novel clinical marker or shared pathophysiology? ### Context: Small bowel angiodysplasia accounts for 30 to 40% of cases of obscure gastrointestinal bleeding and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Identifying les... |
### Question: Are structural and biomechanical alterations in rabbit thoracic aortas associated with the progression of atherosclerosis? ### Context: Atherosclerosis is a diffuse and highly variable disease of arteries that alters the mechanical properties of the vessel wall through highly variable changes in its cellu... |
### Question: Does response to mitotane predict outcome in patients with recurrent adrenal cortical carcinoma? ### Context: Adrenal cortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare disease in which recurrence after surgery is common. Mitotane is the primary systemic treatment for recurrent ACC; data are limited regarding the impact ... |
### Question: Is definition of medical event to be based on the total source strength for evaluation of permanent prostate brachytherapy : A report from the American Society for Radiation Oncology? ### Context: The Nuclear Regulatory Commission deems it to be a medical event (ME) if the total dose delivered differs fro... |
### Question: Does apolipoprotein E modulate establishment of HSV-1 latency and survival in a mouse ocular model? ### Context: To evaluate and compare the neuroinvasiveness and neurovirulence after ocular HSV-1 infection in ApoE knockout (ApoE-/-) and control C57BL/6 (ApoE+/+) mice.Age-matched (14 weeks of age) C57BL/6... |
### Question: Does etanercept reduce neuroinflammation and lethality in mouse model of Japanese encephalitis? ### Context: Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a neurotropic flavivirus that causes Japanese encephalitis (JE), which leads to high fatality rates in human. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) is a key facto... |
### Question: Are the conventional cutoff values adequate to define hypertension in young women? ### Context: Women have lower systolic blood pressure (SBP) levels than men during early adulthood. Diastolic blood pressure (DBP) tends to be just marginally lower in women than men regardless of age.Aims of this study wer... |
### Question: Do high and low schizotypal female subjects differ in spatial memory abilities in a virtual reality task? ### Context: Schizotypy is a psychological construct related to schizophrenia. The exact relationship between both entities is not clear. In recent years, schizophrenia has been associated with hippoc... |
### Question: Is exposure to media intended for preschool children associated with less parent-child shared reading aloud and teaching activities? ### Context: To determine whether electronic media exposure is associated with decreased parental reading and teaching activities in the homes of preschool children.A conven... |
### Question: Does anal vector volume analysis complement endoanal ultrasonographic assessment of postpartum anal sphincter injury? ### Context: The aim of this study was to determine the role of anal vector manometry in the assessment of postpartum anal sphincter injury and to establish the most suitable method of ana... |
### Question: Does aT1 receptor blockade regulate the local angiotensin II system in cerebral microvessels from spontaneously hypertensive rats? ### Context: Blockade of angiotensin II AT1 receptors in cerebral microvessels protects against brain ischemia and inflammation. In this study, we tried to clarify the presenc... |
### Question: Does pentoxifylline inhibit WNT Signalling in β-Cateninhigh Patient-Derived Melanoma Cell Populations? ### Context: The heterogeneity of melanoma needs to be addressed and combination therapies seem to be necessary to overcome intrinsic and acquired resistance to newly developed immunotherapies and target... |
### Question: Does hepatic Encephalopathy be Associated With Mortality in Patients With Cirrhosis Independent of Other Extrahepatic Organ Failures? ### Context: Although survival times have increased for patients with cirrhosis, hepatic encephalopathy (HE) remains a major complication and its relative contribution towa... |
### Question: Does lentivirus-delivered ZEB-1 small interfering RNA inhibit lung adenocarcinoma cell growth in vitro and in vivo? ### Context: To explore the relationship between the expression of ZEB1 gene and the proliferation ability of lung adenocarcinoma cells.Immunohistochemistry, Western blot and Real-time PCR w... |
### Question: Does ambulatory monitoring predict development of drug-treated hypertension in subjects with high normal blood pressure? ### Context: High normal blood pressure (HNBP), i.e. blood pressure (BP) > or = 130/85 mmHg and <140/90 mmHg, is an important predictor of progression to established hypertension.The pu... |
### Question: Does operant self-administration of a sigma ligand improve nociceptive and emotional manifestations of neuropathic pain? ### Context: The treatment of neuropathic pain is unsatisfactory at the present moment and the sigma 1 receptor has been identified as a new potential target for neuropathic pain. The a... |
### Question: Is dual HER2 inhibition in combination with anti-VEGF treatment active in heavily pretreated HER2-positive breast cancer? ### Context: Preclinical data indicate that dual HER2 inhibition overcomes trastuzumab resistance and that use of an HER2 inhibitor with an anti-angiogenic agent may augment responses.... |
### Question: Does surgery result in exaggerated and persistent cognitive decline in a rat model of the Metabolic Syndrome? ### Context: Postoperative cognitive decline can be reproduced in animal models. In a well-validated rat model of the Metabolic Syndrome, we sought to investigate whether surgery induced a more se... |
### Question: Does periadventitial fat-derived nitric oxide play a role in improved saphenous vein graft patency in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery? ### Context: The saphenous vein is commonly used for coronary artery bypass surgery but its patency is poor. Vascular damage occurs during conventional ... |
### Question: Is nutritional status associated with health-related quality of life in children with cystic fibrosis aged 9-19 years? ### Context: The impact of improved nutritional status on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is unknown for children with cystic fibrosis (CF).Associations between nutritional status ... |
### Question: Is coracoacromial arch angle a predisposing factor for rotator cuff tears? ### Context: The aim of the present study was to investigate whether coracoacromial arch angle is a predisposing factor for rotator cuff tears.Shoulder magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations of 40 patients having shoulder ar... |
### Question: Is the long-term behavior of lightweight and heavyweight meshes used to repair abdominal wall defects determined by the host tissue repair process provoked by the mesh? ### Context: Although heavyweight (HW) or lightweight (LW) polypropylene (PP) meshes are widely used for hernia repair, other alternative... |
### Question: Is atypical cortical drive during activation of the paretic and nonparetic tibialis anterior related to gait deficits in chronic stroke? ### Context: The role of cortical drive in stroke recovery for the lower extremity remains ambiguous. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship betwe... |
### Question: Do manufacturer changes lead to clinically important differences between two editions of the TNO stereotest? ### Context: Stereoacuity tests used in clinical practice should be repeatable and reproducible. However, it has been observed in a clinical setting that new editions of the TNO stereotest appear t... |
### Question: Does retinoic acid have different effects on UCP1 expression in mouse and human adipocytes? ### Context: Increased adipose thermogenesis is being considered as a strategy aimed at preventing or reversing obesity. Thus, regulation of the uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) gene in human adipocytes is of significan... |
### Question: Is serum microRNA-21 a novel biomarker in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma? ### Context: It was recently revealed that microRNAs (miRNAs) can stably exist in serum and may affect the pathogenesis of several diseases. However, there are few reports that have demonstrated the significance of... |
### Question: Can the cardiovascular family history reported by our patients be trusted? ### Context: Family history (FH) is used as a marker for inherited risk. Using FH for this purpose requires the FH to reflect true disease in the family. The aim was to analyse the concordance between young and middle-aged ischaemi... |
### Question: Does zBTB33 bound unmethylated regions of the genome associated with actively expressed genes? ### Context: DNA methylation and repressive histone modifications cooperate to silence promoters. One mechanism by which regions of methylated DNA could acquire repressive histone modifications is via methyl DNA... |
### Question: Does endothelin-1 stimulate oral fibroblasts to promote oral cancer invasion? ### Context: The aims of this study were to examine the role of endothelin-1 (ET-1), a pleiotropic peptide found at elevated levels in a number of malignancies and which has been shown to influence oral cancer cell behaviour via... |
### Question: Are surveillance CT scans a source of anxiety and fear of recurrence in long-term lymphoma survivors? ### Context: We aimed to assess anxiety and the psychological impact of routine surveillance scans in long-term survivors of adult aggressive lymphoma.In this cross-sectional observational study of 70 sur... |
### Question: Are serum interleukin-18 levels associated with physical activity in Japanese men? ### Context: To investigate the link between serum interleukin-18 (IL-18) levels and physical activity in Japanese men.A total of 81 men (45.7±17.6 years old) was enrolled in this cross-sectional investigation study. We ass... |
### Question: Does direct immunofluorescence testing result in cases of premalignant and malignant oral lesions? ### Context: Oral premalignant and malignant lesions may mimic oral lichen planus (OLP) clinically and microscopically. OLP often shows basement membrane fibrinogen positivity on direct immunofluorescence te... |
### Question: Does severity of femoral trochlear dysplasia affect outcome in patellofemoral instability treated by medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction and anterior tibial tuberosity transfer? ### Context: Medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction associated to anterior tibial tuberosity transfer (A... |
### Question: Do gingival fibroblasts from periodontitis patients exhibit inflammatory characteristics in vitro? ### Context: Gingival fibroblasts (GFs) are an important regulatory cell type in the progression of periodontitis. This study aimed to compare the expression levels of genes associated with inflammation, ext... |
### Question: Does induction of microRNA-1 by myocardin in smooth muscle cells inhibit cell proliferation? ### Context: Myocardin is a cardiac- and smooth muscle-specific transcription co-factor that potently activates the expression of downstream target genes. Previously, we demonstrated that overexpression of myocard... |
### Question: Do cognitively impaired stroke patients do benefit from admission to an acute rehabilitation unit? ### Context: To determine whether cognitively impaired stroke patients benefit (defined as having an improved level of functional independence and capable of being discharged home) from admission to an acute... |
### Question: Is the activity profile in international Taekwondo competition modulated by weight category? ### Context: To examine the activity profiles of elite male competitors during international Taekwondo competition in relation to fin, feather, and heavy weight categories.Twelve male Taekwondo competitors equally... |
### Question: Does niacin result in reduced monocyte adhesion in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus? ### Context: Patients with type 2 diabetes have increased expression of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs). CAMs and monocyte adhesion mediate essential processes in atherogenesis. It remains unclear if monocytes from p... |
### Question: Does mild folate deficiency induce genetic and epigenetic instability and phenotype changes in prostate cancer cells? ### Context: Folate (vitamin B9) is essential for cellular proliferation as it is involved in the biosynthesis of deoxythymidine monophosphate (dTMP) and s-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet). The... |
### Question: Is health-related quality of life associated with upper and lower airway inflammation in asthmatics? ### Context: Allergic diseases impair health-related quality of life (HR-QoL). However, the relationship between airway inflammation and HR-QoL in patients with asthma and rhinitis has not been fully inves... |
### Question: Does the ANK3 bipolar disorder gene regulate psychiatric-related behaviors that are modulated by lithium and stress? ### Context: Ankyrin 3 (ANK3) has been strongly implicated as a risk gene for bipolar disorder (BD) by recent genome-wide association studies of patient populations. However, the genetic va... |
### Question: Is homeobox C9 potentially related to congenital heart disease in Chinese patients? ### Context: Congenital heart disease (CHD) is one of the most common human birth defects. The etiology and pathogenesis of CHD are complex and involve several genes as well as multiple changes in signaling pathways. The a... |
### Question: Is it possible for "traditional" laparoscopic surgery to leave "invisible" scars? ### Context: Improved cosmesis is widely recognized as the main benefit of single-port laparoscopy (SPL). Recently, some centers have started to perform SPL in infants and neonates. However, in our experience, the cosmetic r... |
### Question: Do dietary treatments enriched in olive and safflower oils regulate seric and placental matrix metalloproteinases in maternal diabetes? ### Context: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are proteolytic enzymes involved in placental development and function, although related to the pro-inflammatory environment... |
### Question: Does anti-VEGF antibody suppress primary tumor growth and metastasis in an experimental model of Wilms ' tumor? ### Context: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been shown previously to correlate with tumor growth and metastasis in an experimental model of anaplastic Wilms' tumor. The authors hy... |
### Question: Fatigued elderly patients with chronic heart failure: do patient reports and nurse recordings correspond? ### Context: To compare descriptions of fatigue from interviews with elderly people with chronic congestive heart failure (CHF) and data recorded by nurses at an outpatient heart failure clinic.Patien... |
### Question: Do cervicovaginal fluid and semen block the microbicidal activity of hydrogen peroxide produced by vaginal lactobacilli? ### Context: H2O2 produced by vaginal lactobacilli is believed to protect against infection, and H2O2-producing lactobacilli inactivate pathogens in vitro in protein-free salt solution.... |
### Question: Increased anti-KIR4.1 antibodies in multiple sclerosis: could it be a marker of disease relapse? ### Context: Screening of putative autoimmune targets in multiple sclerosis (MS) revealed a proportion of patients carrying antibodies (Abs) against KIR4.1, a potassium channel that shares functional propertie... |
### Question: Are racial differences in vaginal pH explained by vaginal flora? ### Context: The study assessed racial differences in vaginal pH among women without bacterial vaginosis.Data from the Vaginal Infections and Prematurity (VIP) Study were analyzed. From 1984 to 1989, 13,917 largely low-income women were enro... |
### Question: Does the level of physical activity in university students influence development and progression of myopia? ### Context: To study whether physical activity has a protective effect on the development and progression of myopia in medical students.In a 2-year longitudinal cohort study, 156 Caucasian first-ye... |
### Question: Are hNF1β and S100A1 useful biomarkers for distinguishing renal oncocytoma and chromophobe renal cell carcinoma in FNA and core needle biopsies? ### Context: Morphologic overlap between renal oncocytoma (RO) and chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (ChRCC) can pose diagnostic challenges, especially in biopsy ... |
### Question: Does hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of Bersama engleriana leave in nicotinamide/streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic rats? ### Context: The present investigation was aimed at evaluating the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic properties of the aqueous and methanolic extracts from Bersama engleriana l... |
### Question: Does photodynamic therapy selectively enhance liposomal doxorubicin uptake in sarcoma tumors to rodent lungs? ### Context: In specific conditions, photodynamic therapy (PDT) can enhance the distribution of macromolecules across the endothelial barrier in solid tumors. It was recently postulated that tumor... |
### Question: Does recombinant thrombomodulin improve the visceral microcirculation by attenuating the leukocyte-endothelial interaction in a rat LPS model? ### Context: Abnormalities in vascular endothelial function play an important role in the development of septic organ dysfunction. The aim of this study was to exa... |
### Question: Are long-term psychiatric patients causing more crisis consultations outside office hours in mental health care? ### Context: As well as an improvement in community services, the de-institutionalization of patients receiving long-term psychiatric care can lead to marginally staffed mental health services,... |
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