conversations listlengths 2 2 |
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[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Who is at risk for Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis (LCM)? ?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "LCMV infections can occur after exposure to fresh urine, droppings, saliva, or nesting materials from infected rodents. Transmission may also occur when these materials are direc... |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What are the symptoms of Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis (LCM) ?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "LCMV is most commonly recognized as causing neurological disease, as its name implies, though infection without symptoms or mild febrile illnesses are more common clinical ma... |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Who is at risk for Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis (LCM)? ?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Individuals of all ages who come into contact with urine, feces, saliva, or blood of wild mice are potentially at risk for infection. Owners of pet mice or hamsters may be at risk... |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "How to diagnose Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis (LCM) ?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "During the first phase of the disease, the most common laboratory abnormalities are a low white blood cell count (leukopenia) and a low platelet count (thrombocytopenia). Liver enzyme... |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What are the treatments for Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis (LCM) ?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Aseptic meningitis, encephalitis, or meningoencephalitis requires hospitalization and supportive treatment based on severity. Anti-inflammatory drugs, such as corticostero... |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "How to prevent Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis (LCM) ?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "LCMV infection can be prevented by avoiding contact with wild mice and taking precautions when handling pet rodents (i.e. mice, hamsters, or guinea pigs). \n \nRarely, p... |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is (are) Parasites - Cysticercosis ?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Cysticercosis is an infection caused by the larvae of the parasite Taenia solium. This infection occurs after a person swallows tapeworm eggs. The larvae get into tissues such as muscle and bra... |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Who is at risk for Parasites - Cysticercosis? ?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Cysticercosis is an infection caused by the larvae of the tapeworm, Taenia solium. A person with an adult tapeworm, which lives in the person’s gut, sheds eggs in the stool. The infection... |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "How to diagnose Parasites - Cysticercosis ?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "If you think that you may have cysticercosis, please see your health care provider. Your health care provider will ask you about your symptoms, where you have travelled, and what kinds of food... |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What are the treatments for Parasites - Cysticercosis ?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Some people with cysticercosis do not need to be treated. There are medications available to treat cysticercosis for those who do need treatment. Sometimes surgery may be needed. Y... |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "How to prevent Parasites - Cysticercosis ?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "To prevent cysticercosis, the following precautions should be taken:\n \n - Wash your hands with soap and warm water after using the toilet, changing diapers, and before handling food\n ... |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is (are) Parasites - Trichuriasis (also known as Whipworm Infection) ?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Whipworm (Trichuris trichiura) is an intestinal parasite of humans. The larvae and adult worms live in the intestine of humans and can cause intestinal disease.... |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Who is at risk for Parasites - Trichuriasis (also known as Whipworm Infection)? ?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Whipworm is a soil-transmitted helminth (STH) and is the third most common roundworm of humans. Whipworm causes an infection called trichuriasis and often... |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "How to diagnose Parasites - Trichuriasis (also known as Whipworm Infection) ?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "The standard method for diagnosing the presence of whipworm is by microscopically identifying whipworm eggs in a stool sample. Because eggs may be difficult t... |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What are the treatments for Parasites - Trichuriasis (also known as Whipworm Infection) ?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Anthelminthic medications (drugs that rid the body of parasitic worms), such as albendazole and mebendazole, are the drugs of choice for treatment... |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "How to prevent Parasites - Trichuriasis (also known as Whipworm Infection) ?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "The best way to prevent whipworm infection is to always:\n \n - Avoid ingesting soil that may be contaminated with human feces, including where human fe... |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "what are marine toxins?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Marine toxins are naturally occurring chemicals that can contaminate certain seafood. The seafood contaminated with these chemicals frequently looks, smells, and tastes normal. When humans eat such seafood, disea... |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "how can these diseases be diagnosed for Marine Toxins ?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Diagnosis of marine toxin poisoning is generally based on symptoms and a history of recently eating a particular kind of seafood. Laboratory testing for the specific toxin in patie... |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "how can these diseases be treated for Marine Toxins ?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Other than supportive care there are few specific treatments for ciguatera poisoning, paralytic shellfish poisoning, neurotoxic shellfish poisoning, or amnesic shellfish poisoning. A... |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "how common are these diseases for Marine Toxins ?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Every year, approximately 30 cases of poisoning by marine toxins are reported in the United States. Because healthcare providers are not required to report these illnesses and because ma... |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "what can i do to prevent poisoning by marine toxins?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "General guidelines for safe seafood consumption:"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "what is the government doing about these diseases for Marine Toxins ?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Some health departments test shellfish harvested within their jurisdiction to monitor the level of dinoflagellate toxins and asses the risk for contamination. Based o... |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "what else can be done to prevent these diseases for Marine Toxins ?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "It is important to notify public health departments about even one person with marine toxin poisoning. Public health departments can then investigate to determine if a ... |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is (are) Yellow Fever Vaccination ?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "If you continue to live or travel in yellow fever-endemic areas, you should receive a booster dose of yellow fever vaccine after 10 years.\n \nAfter receiving the vaccine, you shou... |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is (are) Parasites - Schistosomiasis ?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Schistosomiasis, also known as bilharzia, is a disease caused by parasitic worms. Infection with Schistosoma mansoni, S. haematobium, and S. japonicum causes illness in humans; less commonly, ... |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Who is at risk for Parasites - Schistosomiasis? ?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Schistosomiasis is an important cause of disease in many parts of the world, most commonly in places with poor sanitation. School-age children who live in these areas are often most at r... |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "How to diagnose Parasites - Schistosomiasis ?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Stool or urine samples can be examined microscopically for parasite eggs (stool for S. mansoni or S. japonicum eggs and urine for S. haematobium eggs). The eggs tend to be passed intermitten... |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What are the treatments for Parasites - Schistosomiasis ?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Safe and effective medication is available for treatment of both urinary and intestinal schistosomiasis. Praziquantel, a prescription medication, is taken for 1-2 days to treat i... |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "How to prevent Parasites - Schistosomiasis ?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Prevention\n \nNo vaccine is available.\n \nThe best way to prevent schistosomiasis is to take the following steps if you are visiting or live in an area where schistosomiasis is transm... |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is (are) Parasites - Lice - Head Lice ?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "The head louse, or Pediculus humanus capitis, is a parasitic insect that can be found on the head, eyebrows, and eyelashes of people. Head lice feed on human blood several times a day and liv... |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Who is at risk for Parasites - Lice - Head Lice? ?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "In the United States, infestation with head lice (Pediculus humanus capitis) is most common among preschool- and elementary school-age children and their household members and caretaker... |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "How to diagnose Parasites - Lice - Head Lice ?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Misdiagnosis of head lice infestation is common. The diagnosis of head lice infestation is best made by finding a live nymph or adult louse on the scalp or hair of a person.\n \nBecause ... |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What are the treatments for Parasites - Lice - Head Lice ?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "General Guidelines \n \nTreatment for head lice is recommended for persons diagnosed with an active infestation. All household members and other close contacts should be check... |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "How to prevent Parasites - Lice - Head Lice ?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Head lice are spread most commonly by direct head-to-head (hair-to-hair) contact. However, much less frequently they are spread by sharing clothing or belongings onto which lice have crawled... |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is (are) Parasites - Lice - Body Lice ?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Body lice are parasitic insects that live on clothing and bedding used by infested persons. Body lice frequently lay their eggs on or near the seams of clothing. Body lice must feed on blood ... |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Who is at risk for Parasites - Lice - Body Lice? ?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Body lice infestation is found worldwide but generally is limited to persons who live under conditions of crowding and poor hygiene who do not have access to regular bathing and changes... |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "How to diagnose Parasites - Lice - Body Lice ?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Body lice infestation is diagnosed by finding eggs and crawling lice in the seams of clothing. Sometimes a body louse can be seen crawling or feeding on the skin.\n \nAlthough body lice ... |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What are the treatments for Parasites - Lice - Body Lice ?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "A body lice infestation is treated by improving the personal hygiene of the infested person, including assuring a regular (at least weekly) change of clean clothes. Clothing, be... |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "How to prevent Parasites - Lice - Body Lice ?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Body lice are spread most commonly by direct contact with an infested person or an infested person’s clothing or bedding. Body lice usually infest persons who do not launder and change their... |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "How to prevent La Crosse Encephalitis ?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "There is no vaccine against La Crosse encephalitis virus (LACV). Reducing exposure to mosquito bites is the best defense against getting infected with LACV or other mosquito-borne viruses. There a... |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is (are) Parasites - Toxocariasis (also known as Roundworm Infection) ?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)\n \n \n \n Fact Sheets"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Who is at risk for Parasites - Toxocariasis (also known as Roundworm Infection)? ?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Infected dogs and cats shed Toxocara eggs in their feces into the environment. Once in the environment, it takes 2 to 4 weeks for Toxocara larvae to deve... |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "How to diagnose Parasites - Toxocariasis (also known as Roundworm Infection) ?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "If you think you or your child may have toxocariasis, you should see your health care provider to discuss the possibility of infection and, if necessary, to ... |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What are the treatments for Parasites - Toxocariasis (also known as Roundworm Infection) ?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Visceral toxocariasis can be treated with antiparasitic drugs such as albendazole or mebendazole. Treatment of ocular toxocariasis is more diffic... |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "How to prevent Parasites - Toxocariasis (also known as Roundworm Infection) ?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Controlling Toxocara infection in dogs and cats will reduce the number of infectious eggs in the environment and reduce the risk of infection for people. Have... |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is (are) Acanthamoeba - Granulomatous Amebic Encephalitis (GAE); Keratitis ?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Acanthamoeba is a microscopic, free-living ameba (single-celled living organism) commonly found in the environment that can cause rare, but severe, illnes... |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Who is at risk for Acanthamoeba - Granulomatous Amebic Encephalitis (GAE); Keratitis? ?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Acanthamoeba keratitis\n \n \nAcanthamoeba keratitis is a rare disease that can affect anyone, but is most common in individuals who wear contact... |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "How to diagnose Acanthamoeba - Granulomatous Amebic Encephalitis (GAE); Keratitis ?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Early diagnosis is essential for effective treatment of Acanthamoeba keratitis. The infection is usually diagnosed by an eye specialist based on symptom... |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What are the treatments for Acanthamoeba - Granulomatous Amebic Encephalitis (GAE); Keratitis ?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Early diagnosis is essential for effective treatment of Acanthamoeba keratitis. Several prescription eye medications are available for treat... |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "How to prevent Acanthamoeba - Granulomatous Amebic Encephalitis (GAE); Keratitis ?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Topics"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is (are) Parasites - Scabies ?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Scabies is an infestation of the skin by the human itch mite (Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis). The microscopic scabies mite burrows into the upper layer of the skin where it lives and lays its eggs. T... |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Who is at risk for Parasites - Scabies? ?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Transmission\n \nHuman scabies is caused by an infestation of the skin by the human itch mite (Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis). The adult female scabies mites burrow into the upper layer of t... |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "How to diagnose Parasites - Scabies ?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Diagnosis of a scabies infestation usually is made based upon the customary appearance and distribution of the the rash and the presence of burrows.\n \nWhenever possible, the diagnosis of scabie... |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What are the treatments for Parasites - Scabies ?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Suggested General Guidelines \n \n \n \n \nIt is important to remember that the first time a person gets scabies they usually have no symptoms during the first 2 to 6 weeks they a... |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "How to prevent Parasites - Scabies ?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "When a person is infested with scabies mites the first time, symptoms may not appear for up to two months after being infested. However, an infested person can transmit scabies, even if they do not h... |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Who is at risk for Alkhurma Hemorrhagic Fever (AHF)? ?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Transmission of AHFV is not well understood. AHFV is a zoonotic virus, and its described tick hosts (the soft tick Ornithodoros savignyi and the hard tick Hyalomma dromedari) are wi... |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What are the symptoms of Alkhurma Hemorrhagic Fever (AHF) ?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Based on limited information, after an incubation period that could be as short as 2-4 days, the disease presents initially with non-specific flu-like symptoms, including fever... |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Who is at risk for Alkhurma Hemorrhagic Fever (AHF)? ?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Contact with livestock with tick exposure are risk factors for humans, as is contact with infected ticks, whether through crushing the infected tick with unprotected fingers or by ... |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "How to diagnose Alkhurma Hemorrhagic Fever (AHF) ?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Clinical diagnosis could be difficult due to similarities between AVHF, Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic fever (CCHF), and Rift Valley fever (RVF), which occur in similar geographic areas. Lab... |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What are the treatments for Alkhurma Hemorrhagic Fever (AHF) ?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "There is no standard specific treatment for the disease. Patients receive supportive therapy, which consists of balancing the patient’s fluid and electrolytes, maintaining o... |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "How to prevent Alkhurma Hemorrhagic Fever (AHF) ?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Given that no treatment or specific prophylaxis is presently available, prevention and increased awareness of AHFV are the only recommended measures. Complete control of ticks and interr... |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is (are) Parasites - Taeniasis ?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Taeniasis in humans is a parasitic infection caused by the tapeworm species Taenia saginata (beef tapeworm), Taenia solium (pork tapeworm), and Taenia asiatica (Asian tapeworm). Humans can become in... |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Who is at risk for Parasites - Taeniasis? ?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "The tapeworms that cause taeniasis (Taenia saginata, T. solium, and T. asiatica) are found worldwide. Eating raw or undercooked beef or pork is the primary risk factor for acquiring taeniasis.... |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "How to diagnose Parasites - Taeniasis ?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Diagnosis of Taenia tapeworm infections is made by examination of stool samples; individuals should also be asked if they have passed tapeworm segments. Stool specimens should be collected on thre... |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What are the treatments for Parasites - Taeniasis ?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Treatment is available after accurate diagnosis. Your doctor will provide prescription medication, either praziquantel or niclosamide, which is taken by mouth. The medication is also a... |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "How to prevent Parasites - Taeniasis ?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "One way to prevent taeniasis is to cook meat to safe temperatures. A food thermometer should be used to measure the internal temperature of cooked meat. Do not sample meat until it is cooked. USDA ... |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is (are) Parasites - Baylisascaris infection ?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Baylisascaris worms are intestinal parasites found in a wide variety of animals. Different species of Baylisascaris are associated with different animal hosts. For example, Baylisascar... |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Who is at risk for Parasites - Baylisascaris infection? ?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Raccoons are the primary, or definitive, host of Baylisascaris procyonis, a roundworm. Raccoons become infected with Baylisascaris in one of two ways:\n \n - Young raccoon... |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "How to diagnose Parasites - Baylisascaris infection ?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "If you suspect you have been infected, consult your health care provider immediately. Be sure to tell your health care provider if you have recently been exposed to raccoons or their... |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What are the treatments for Parasites - Baylisascaris infection ?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "No drugs have been shown to be totally effective for the treatment of Baylisascaris infection. Albendazole, a broad spectrum anthelmintic, has been recommended for specif... |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "How to prevent Parasites - Baylisascaris infection ?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Baylisascaris infection can be prevented by avoiding contact with raccoons and their feces. Washing your hands after working or playing outdoors is good practice for preventing a numb... |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is (are) Parasites - Babesiosis ?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Babesiosis is caused by microscopic parasites that infect red blood cells. Most human cases of Babesia infection in the United States are caused by the parasite Babesia microti. Occasional cases ca... |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Who is at risk for Parasites - Babesiosis? ?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "People can get infected with Babesia parasites in several ways:\n \n - The main way is through the bite of an infected tick—during outdoor activities in areas where babesiosis is found... |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "How to diagnose Parasites - Babesiosis ?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "In symptomatic people, babesiosis usually is diagnosed by examining blood specimens under a microscope and seeing Babesia parasites inside red blood cells.\n \nTo be sure the diagnosis is corr... |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What are the treatments for Parasites - Babesiosis ?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Effective treatments are available. People who do not have any symptoms or signs of babesiosis usually do not need to be treated.\n \nBefore considering treatment, the first step i... |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "How to prevent Parasites - Babesiosis ?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Steps can be taken to reduce the risk for babesiosis and other tickborne infections. The use of prevention measures is especially important for people at increased risk for severe babesiosis (for ... |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "what are the signs and symptoms of rabies?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "The first symptoms of rabies may be very similar to those of the flu including general weakness or discomfort, fever, or headache. These symptoms may last for days.\n \nThere may... |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "what is the risk for my pet for Rabies ?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Any animal bitten or scratched by either a wild, carnivorous mammal or a bat that is not available for testing should be regarded as having been exposed to rabies.\n \nUnvaccinated dogs, cats, a... |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "how is rabies diagnosed?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "In animals, rabies is diagnosed using the direct fluorescent antibody (DFA) test, which looks for the presence of rabies virus antigens in brain tissue. In humans, several tests are required.\n \nRapid and accur... |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "what is botulism?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Botulism is a rare but serious paralytic illness caused by a nerve toxin that is produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum and sometimes by strains of Clostridium butyricum and Clostridium baratii. There are five... |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "how common is botulism?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "In the United States, an average of 145 cases are reported each year.Of these, approximately 15% are foodborne, 65% are infant botulism, and 20% are wound. Adult intestinal colonization and iatrogenic botulism al... |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "what are the symptoms of botulism?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "The classic symptoms of botulism include double vision, blurred vision, drooping eyelids, slurred speech, difficulty swallowing, dry mouth, and muscle weakness. Infants with botulism appear lethargic, ... |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "how is botulism diagnosed?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Physicians may consider the diagnosis if the patient's history and physical examination suggest botulism. However, these clues are usually not enough to allow a diagnosis of botulism. Other diseases such as Gu... |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "how can botulism be treated?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "The respiratory failure and paralysis that occur with severe botulism may require a patient to be on a breathing machine (ventilator) for weeks or months, plus intensive medical and nursing care. The paralys... |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "are there complications from botulism?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Botulism can result in death due to respiratory failure. However, in the past 50 years the proportion of patients with botulism who die has fallen from about 50% to 3-5%. A patient with severe botu... |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "how can botulism be prevented?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Many cases of botulism are preventable. Foodborne botulism has often been from home-canned foods with low acid content, such as asparagus, green beans, beets and corn and is caused by failure to follow pro... |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "what are public health agencies doing to prevent or control botulism?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Public education about botulism prevention is an ongoing activity. Information about safe canning is widely available for consumers. Persons in state health departmen... |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Who is at risk for Marburg hemorrhagic fever (Marburg HF)? ?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "It is unknown how Marburg virus first transmits from its animal host to humans; however, for the 2 cases in tourists visiting Uganda in 2008, unprotected contact with infected... |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What are the symptoms of Marburg hemorrhagic fever (Marburg HF) ?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "After an incubation period of 5-10 days, symptom onset is sudden and marked by fever, chills, headache, and myalgia. Around the fifth day after the onset of symptoms, a m... |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Who is at risk for Marburg hemorrhagic fever (Marburg HF)? ?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "People who have close contact with African fruit bats, humans patients, or non-human primates infected with Marburg virus are at risk. \n \nHistorically, the pe... |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "How to diagnose Marburg hemorrhagic fever (Marburg HF) ?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Many of the signs and symptoms of Marburg hemorrhagic fever are similar to those of other more frequent infectious diseases, such as malaria or typhoid fever, making diagnosis of ... |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What are the treatments for Marburg hemorrhagic fever (Marburg HF) ?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "There is no specific treatment for Marburg hemorrhagic fever. Supportive hospital therapy should be utilized, which includes balancing the patient's fluids and electro... |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "How to prevent Marburg hemorrhagic fever (Marburg HF) ?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Preventive measures against Marburg virus infection are not well defined, as transmission from wildlife to humans remains an area of ongoing research. However, avoiding fruit bats,... |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is (are) Parasites - Leishmaniasis ?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease that is found in parts of the tropics, subtropics, and southern Europe. Leishmaniasis is caused by infection with Leishmania parasites, which are spread by t... |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Who is at risk for Parasites - Leishmaniasis? ?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Leishmaniasis is found in people in focal areas of more than 90 countries in the tropics, subtropics, and southern Europe. The ecologic settings range from rain forests to deserts. Leishma... |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "How to diagnose Parasites - Leishmaniasis ?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Various laboratory methods can be used to diagnose leishmaniasis—to detect the parasite as well as to identify the Leishmania species (type). Some of the methods are available only in referenc... |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What are the treatments for Parasites - Leishmaniasis ?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Before considering treatment, the first step is to make sure the diagnosis is correct.\n \nTreatment decisions should be individualized. Health care providers may consult CDC st... |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "How to prevent Parasites - Leishmaniasis ?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "No vaccines or drugs to prevent infection are available. The best way for travelers to prevent infection is to protect themselves from sand fly bites. To decrease the risk of being bitten, foll... |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is (are) Parasites - Toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma infection) ?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "A single-celled parasite called Toxoplasma gondii causes a disease known as toxoplasmosis. While the parasite is found throughout the world, more than 60 million people in... |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Who is at risk for Parasites - Toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma infection)? ?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Toxoplasmosis is caused by the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. In the United States it is estimated that 22.5% of the population 12 years and older have been i... |
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