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555947 | Could flies explain the elusive epidemiology of campylobacteriosis? | Background Unlike salmonellosis with well-known routes of transmission, the epidemiology of campylobacteriosis is still largely unclear. Known risk factors such as ingestion of contaminated food and water, direct contact with infected animals and outdoor swimming could at most only explain half the recorded cases. Disc... | Background Campylobacter infection is a zoonotic disease, observed in most parts of the world. The disease is caused by Campylobacter jejuni , or less commonly Campylobacter coli . It is estimated to cause 5–14% of diarrhoea, worldwide [ 1 ], and also in the Western world Campylobacter infection has emerged to be the m... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC555947.xml |
529442 | The Drosophila methyl-DNA binding protein MBD2/3 interacts with the NuRD complex via p55 and MI-2 | Background Methyl-DNA binding proteins help to translate epigenetic information encoded by DNA methylation into covalent histone modifications. MBD2/3 is the only candidate gene in the Drosophila genome with extended homologies to mammalian MBD2 and MBD3 proteins, which represent a co-repressor and an integral componen... | Background Methyl-DNA binding proteins are connecting DNA methylation to transcriptional silencing [ 1 - 4 ]. Up to now, six methyl-DNA binding proteins could be identified in vertebrates [ 5 ]. MeCP2, MBD2 and MBD3 can be found in large chromatin complexes containing histone deacetylase activity [ 1 , 6 , 4 , 3 ] wher... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC529442.xml |
555953 | cAMP controls cytosolic Ca2+ levels in Dictyostelium discoideum | Background Differentiating Dictyostelium discoideum amoebae respond upon cAMP-stimulation with an increase in the cytosolic free Ca 2+ concentration ([Ca 2+ ] i ) that is composed of liberation of stored Ca 2+ and extracellular Ca 2+ -influx. In this study we investigated whether intracellular cAMP is involved in the c... | Background Starving Dictyostelium discoideum amoebae form a multicellular organism by chemotactic aggregation. The signaling molecule that mediates aggregation and development is cAMP. Aggregation proceeds in a rhythmic fashion; cAMP is secreted periodically by cells in the center of the aggregate. Cells in the neighbo... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC555953.xml |
526759 | Second edition of 'The Bethesda System for reporting cervical cytology' – atlas, website, and Bethesda interobserver reproducibility project | A joint task force of the American Society of Cytopathology (ASC) and the National Cancer Institute (NCI) recently completed a 2-year effort to revise the Bethesda System "blue book" atlas and develop a complementary web-based collection of cervical cytology images. The web-based collection of images is housed on the A... | The second edition of the Bethesda 'blue book' atlas maintains an easy to read format with bulleted morphologic criteria and half-page color illustrations. The content has been divided into chapters based on the major 2001 Bethesda System interpretive categories. Highlights of the new edition include: (1) incorporation... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC526759.xml |
423153 | Computation Approach Shows Robustness of the Striped Pattern of Fruitfly Embryos | xx | Since the days of ancient Greece, mathematics has been used to describe the world in the hopes of identifying underlying laws of nature. Physicists have long relied on mathematics to understand the behavior and interaction of particles too small to observe directly. Since it's not always possible to determine the behav... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC423153.xml |
526765 | Genomic imprinting and assisted reproduction | Imprinted genes exhibit a parent-of-origin specific pattern of expression. Such genes have been shown to be targets of molecular defects in particular genetic syndromes such as Beckwith-Wiedemann and Angelman syndromes. Recent reports have raised concern about the possibility that assisted reproduction techniques, such... | Introduction The first in vitro fertilization (IVF) baby was born in 1978 and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) was introduced in 1992 for the treatment of male infertility. Both these techniques have been continually amended and access to them improved for infertile couples. Indeed, assisted reproduction now acc... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC526765.xml |
524172 | Prediction of DtxR regulon: Identification of binding sites and operons controlled by Diphtheria toxin repressor in Corynebacterium diphtheriae | Background The diphtheria toxin repressor, DtxR, of Corynebacterium diphtheriae has been shown to be an iron-activated transcription regulator that controls not only the expression of diphtheria toxin but also of iron uptake genes. This study aims to identify putative binding sites and operons controlled by DtxR to und... | Background Iron is an important inorganic component of a cell. Iron is required as co-factor for various essential enzymes and proteins some of which are involved in electron transport (Cytochromes), redox reactions (oxidoreductases) and regulation of gene expression (fumarate-nitrate reduction regulatory protein, iron... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC524172.xml |
423147 | Scientists and Bioethics Councils | In response to the Blackburn and Rowley essay on the President's Council on Bioethics, several thought-provoking opinions on ethical challenges in biomedical research are expressed by prominent stakeholders | I read with interest the article in a recent issue of PLoS Biology by Elizabeth Blackburn and Janet Rowley, two of the scientific members of President Bush's Council on Bioethics. Invited by the President to serve on this Council, they say that it was ‘a difficult invitation to accept’. Maybe, but that they did accept ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC423147.xml |
529456 | Acetylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 is permissive for tyrosine phosphorylation | Background Insulin receptor substrate (IRS) proteins are key moderators of insulin action. Their specific regulation determines downstream protein-protein interactions and confers specificity on growth factor signalling. Regulatory mechanisms that have been identified include phosphorylation of IRS proteins on tyrosine... | Background The insulin receptor substrate (IRS) proteins represent key elements in insulin and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) actions, transducing pleiotropic effects on cellular function and regulating processes such as metabolism, growth, cell differentiation and survival [ 1 ]. At least four members (IRS 1–4) have... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC529456.xml |
544862 | Men's values-based factors on prostate cancer risk genetic testing: A telephone survey | Background While a definitive genetic test for Hereditary Prostate Cancer (HPC) is not yet available, future HPC risk testing may become available. Past survey data have shown high interest in HPC testing, but without an in-depth analysis of its underlying rationale to those considering it. Methods Telephone computer-a... | Background There are several factors to consider in undergoing genetic testing for cancer risk: potential benefits, possible risks, psychological distress, and the uncertainty in subsequent decision-making about prophylactic interventions [ 1 - 9 ]. While the health professional's assessment of the potential benefits a... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC544862.xml |
514714 | Racial variations in processes of care for patients with community-acquired pneumonia | Background Patients hospitalized with community acquired pneumonia (CAP) have a substantial risk of death, but there is evidence that adherence to certain processes of care, including antibiotic administration within 8 hours, can decrease this risk. Although national mortality data shows blacks have a substantially inc... | Background Pneumonia (with influenza) is the leading infectious disease cause of death in the United States and the sixth leading cause of death overall [ 1 ] According to national mortality data from the CDC blacks suffer disproportionately from this disease, with blacks having a higher incidence of pneumonia and a 1.... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC514714.xml |
545598 | Genomic neighborhoods for Arabidopsis retrotransposons: a role for targeted integration in the distribution of the Metaviridae | The full complement of Arabidopsis LTR retroelements was identified and relative ages of full-length elements estimated showing that Pseudoviridae are much younger than Metaviridae. The distribution of retroelement insertions across the genome was shown to be non-uniform. | Background Endogenous retroviruses and long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons (collectively called retroelements) generally comprise a significant portion of higher eukaryotic genomes. Dismissed as parasitic or 'junk' DNA, these sequences have traditionally received less attention than sequences contributing to th... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC545598.xml |
338072 | A Nuclear Function for Armadillo/β-Catenin | The Wnt signaling pathway provides key information during development of vertebrates and invertebrates, and mutations in this pathway lead to various forms of cancer. Wnt binding to its receptor causes the stabilization and nuclear localization of β-catenin. Nuclear β-catenin then functions to activate transcription in... | Introduction The Wnt signal transduction pathway has been studied extensively in both vertebrate and invertebrate systems. The Drosophila ortholog wingless ( wg ) is a segment polarity gene that defines posterior cell fates in each of the larval segments (for a review of the various functions of Wg, see Wodarz and Nuss... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC338072.xml |
524166 | Cyclin A and cyclin D1 as significant prognostic markers in colorectal cancer patients | Background Colorectal cancer is a common cancer all over the world. Aberrations in the cell cycle checkpoints have been shown to be of prognostic significance in colorectal cancer. Methods The expression of cyclin D1 , cyclin A , histone H3 and Ki-67 was examined in 60 colorectal cancer cases for co-regulation and impa... | Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in Western countries [ 1 ]. In Egypt, CRC has unique characteristics that differ from that reported in other countries of the western society. It was estimated that 35.6% of the Egyptian CRC cases are below 40 years of age and patients usually present w... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC524166.xml |
545201 | Trade and Health: Is the Health Community Ready for Action? | There are greater tensions than ever before between promoting trade and protecting health. Human health could lose out to trade liberalization unless the health community fights its case | Trade is the lifeblood of all commerce. The exchange of goods and services has played a defining role in human history, creating vast empires, encouraging mass migration, and sometimes tipping the balance between peace and conflict. It is thus unsurprising that protecting and encouraging international trade has remaine... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC545201.xml |
544876 | The exceptionally high rate of spontaneous mutations in the polymerase delta proofreading exonuclease-deficient Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain starved for adenine | Background Mutagenesis induced in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae by starvation for nutrilites is a well-documented phenomenon of an unknown mechanism. We have previously shown that the polymerase delta proofreading activity controls spontaneous mutagenesis in cells starved for histidine. To obtain further informati... | Background Mutagenesis in stationary-phase cells has attracted much attention recently. Historically, most studies on spontaneous mutation rates in bacteria and unicellular eukaryotes were conducted in exponentially growing cells, even though it was well known that bacteria and yeast, in their natural habitat, spend mo... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC544876.xml |
545215 | Three More Learning Points | null | After reading the Learning Forum by Fleming and Lynn [1] , I would like to suggest three learning points that, in my opinion, should receive more attention. (1) Morphology: the essential point of dermatological diagnosis is morphology, a low tech, but hard to master, skill. Dermatological diagnosis, as any other medica... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC545215.xml |
539057 | Correction: Nevirapine and Efavirenz Elicit Different Changes in Lipid Profiles in Antiretroviral-Therapy-Naive Patients Infected with HIV-1 | null | Published October 19, 2004 In PLoS Medicine, volume 1, issue 1: Nevirapine and Efavirenz Elicit Different Changes in Lipid Profiles in Antiretroviral-Therapy-Naive Patients Infected with HIV-1 Frank van Leth, Prahpan Phanuphak, Erik Stroes, Brian Gazzard, Pedro Cahn, et al. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.0010019 The followi... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC539057.xml |
374244 | A Protein Complex Containing the Conserved Swi2/Snf2-Related ATPase Swr1p Deposits Histone Variant H2A.Z into Euchromatin | The conserved histone variant H2A.Z functions in euchromatin to antagonize the spread of heterochromatin. The mechanism by which histone H2A is replaced by H2A.Z in the nucleosome is unknown. We identified a complex containing 13 different polypeptides associated with a soluble pool of H2A.Z in Saccharomyces cerevisiae... | Introduction Histones are the major constituent of chromatin and exert a profound influence on most if not all aspects of chromosome behavior. The functional state of chromatin is regulated, in part, by histone modifying enzymes and ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling enzymes. Members of the latter enzyme class alter th... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC374244.xml |
535902 | Rhodobacter capsulatus porphobilinogen synthase, a high activity metal ion independent hexamer | Background The enzyme porphobilinogen synthase (PBGS), which is central to the biosynthesis of heme, chlorophyll and cobalamins, has long been known to use a variety of metal ions and has recently been shown able to exist in two very different quaternary forms that are related to metal ion usage. This paper reports new... | Background The enzyme porphobilinogen synthase (PBGS, EC 4.2.1.24) catalyzes the first common step in the biosynthesis of the tetrapyrrole pigments such as heme, chlorophyll, and cobalamin [ 1 ]. PBGS is very highly conserved in sequence and structure but contains a remarkable phylogenetic variation in metal ion usage ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC535902.xml |
529318 | The Genetics of Speciation by Reinforcement | Reinforcement occurs when natural selection strengthens behavioral discrimination to prevent costly interspecies matings, such as when matings produce sterile hybrids. This evolutionary process can complete speciation, thereby providing a direct link between Darwin's theory of natural selection and the origin of new sp... | Introduction During reinforcement, mating discrimination is strengthened by natural selection in response to maladaptive hybridization between closely related taxa ( Dobzhansky 1940 ; Fisher 1958 ). Although reinforcement was a contentious issue in the past ( Butlin 1989 ; Howard 1993 ; Noor 1999 ), recent theoretical ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC529318.xml |
387284 | Chronic Wasting Disease—Prion Disease in the Wild | Chronic wasting disease in deer is the only prion disease that infects both free-ranging and captive animals -- a situation that greatly complicates efforts to control it | In 1967, mule deer in a research facility near Fort Collins, Colorado, in the United States apparently began to react badly to their captivity. At least, that was the guess of researchers working on the natural history and nutrition of the deer, which became listless and showed signs of depressed mood, hanging their he... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC387284.xml |
549598 | Mass Spectometry–Based SARS Genotyping | null | To quickly control infectious disease outbreaks, extensive information is required to identify the source and transmission routes, and to evaluate the effect of containment policies. Traditionally, scientists have used travel- and contact-tracing methods, but the recent SARS epidemic showed that sequence-based techniqu... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC549598.xml |
555748 | Are decisions using cost-utility analyses robust to choice of SF-36/SF-12 preference-based algorithm? | Background Cost utility analysis (CUA) using SF-36/SF-12 data has been facilitated by the development of several preference-based algorithms. The purpose of this study was to illustrate how decision-making could be affected by the choice of preference-based algorithms for the SF-36 and SF-12, and provide some guidance ... | Background Health-related quality of life (HRQL) measures have many applications, including the measurement of population health status and outcomes of medical interventions that subsequently can be applied to economic evaluations of health care interventions. One such method of economic evaluation, cost utility analys... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC555748.xml |
539043 | Strengthening the Role of Genomics in Global Health | How genomics and related health biotechnologies can improve the health of the poor and contribute towards meeting the Millenium Development Goals | Development experts and policy makers agree that investment in science and technology is important for economic growth and development. The 2001 United Nations (UN) Development Programme report, Making New Technologies Work for Human Development , identified technical progress as the largest factor in reducing mortalit... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC539043.xml |
549201 | GeneNotes – A novel information management software for biologists | Background Collecting and managing information is a challenging task in a genome-wide profiling research project. Most databases and online computational tools require a direct human involvement. Information and computational results are presented in various multimedia formats (e.g., text, image, PDF, word files, etc.)... | Background In a genome-wide profiling project, researchers usually select many sets of genes (or ESTs) for further investigation based on the computational analyses of the experimental data. For example, a set of genes is selected because they are clustered together based on their mRNA levels. To generate or support bi... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC549201.xml |
548692 | Effectiveness of different databases in identifying studies for systematic reviews: experience from the WHO systematic review of maternal morbidity and mortality | Background Failure to be comprehensive can distort the results of a systematic review. Conversely, extensive searches may yield unmanageable number of citations of which only few may be relevant. Knowledge of usefulness of each source of information may help to tailor search strategies in systematic reviews. Methods We... | Background The importance of comprehensive search strategies to identify 'all relevant articles' when conducting systematic reviews has been long documented [ 1 ]. Comprehensive strategies include systematic searching of multiple databases as well as hand searching and contacting relevant experts. These strategies, how... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC548692.xml |
514700 | IdentiCS – Identification of coding sequence and in silico reconstruction of the metabolic network directly from unannotated low-coverage bacterial genome sequence | Background A necessary step for a genome level analysis of the cellular metabolism is the in silico reconstruction of the metabolic network from genome sequences. The available methods are mainly based on the annotation of genome sequences including two successive steps, the prediction of coding sequences (CDS) and the... | Background Knowledge about the metabolic network of an organism is essential for understanding its physiology and phenotypic behavior. A comprehensive understanding of the metabolic network at the system level is particularly important for both biotechnological and biomedical research and is now made possible by rapid ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC514700.xml |
176548 | Monitoring Malaria: Genomic Activity of the Parasite in Human Blood Cells | null | Every year, malaria kills as many as 2.5 million people. Of these deaths, 90% occur in sub-Saharan Africa, and most are children. While four species of the single-celled organism Plasmodium cause malaria, Plasmodium falciparum is the deadliest. Harbored in mosquito saliva, the parasite infects its human host as the mos... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC176548.xml |
212704 | Mathematical Modeling Predicts How Proteins Affect Cellular Communication | null | From the moment its life begins, the fate of a multicellular organism depends on how well its cells communicate. Proteins act as molecular switchboard operators to keep the lines of communication open and the flow of cellular messages on track. But charting the protein interactions, signaling pathways, and other elemen... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC212704.xml |
555760 | Reliability of videotaped observational gait analysis in patients with orthopedic impairments | Background In clinical practice, visual gait observation is often used to determine gait disorders and to evaluate treatment. Several reliability studies on observational gait analysis have been described in the literature and generally showed moderate reliability. However, patients with orthopedic disorders have recei... | Background Patients exhibiting gait deviations caused by orthopedic impairments are often referred to a physical therapist for treatment. In order to determine treatment goals or to evaluate the effect of a therapeutic intervention, physical therapists visually observe the patient's gait [ 1 - 3 ]. This type of gait as... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC555760.xml |
544889 | Prognostic meta-signature of breast cancer developed by two-stage mixture modeling of microarray data | Background An increasing number of studies have profiled tumor specimens using distinct microarray platforms and analysis techniques. With the accumulating amount of microarray data, one of the most intriguing yet challenging tasks is to develop robust statistical models to integrate the findings. Results By applying a... | Introduction DNA microarray analysis has been shown to be a powerful tool in various aspects of cancer research [ 1 ]. With the increasing availability of published microarray data sets, there is a tremendous need to develop approaches for validating and integrating results across multiple studies. A major concern in t... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC544889.xml |
548679 | Survey of general practitioners' knowledge about Helicobacter pylori infection | Background Helicobacter pylori , occurring throughout the world and causing gastroduodenal diseases, is one of the most common chronic bacterial agents in humans. The purpose of this study was to measure the general practitioners' (GPs) knowledge and practices pertaining to H. pylori infection. Methods A cross-sectiona... | Background Helicobacter pylori , occurring throughout the world and causing gastroduodenal diseases, is one of the most common chronic bacterial agents in humans [ 1 ]. Although the number of peptic ulcers unrelated to H. pylori is increasing, most ulcers are related to H. pylori infection [ 2 , 3 ]. For most of the pa... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC548679.xml |
521181 | Did We or Didn't We? Louse Genetic Analysis Says Yes | null | If you're an evolutionary biologist, the tired old saw, “You can tell a lot about a person by the company they keep,” represents a fresh new approach to a longstanding problem. Especially if the company in question is a parasite—say, for example, lice—and the problem is tracing the path of human evolution. One of the h... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC521181.xml |
548686 | Population dynamics of the Teak defoliator (Hyblaea puera Cramer) in Nilambur teak plantations using Randomly Amplified Gene Encoding Primers (RAGEP) | Background The Teak defoliator ( Hyblaea puera ) is a pest moth of teak woodlands in India and other tropical regions (e.g. Thailand) and is of major economic significance. This pest is of major concern as it is involved in complete defoliation of trees during the early part of the growing season. Defoliation does not ... | Background Teak ( Tectona grandis L.) is a very valuable timber species, and is a member of the moist deciduous and dry deciduous forest types. Teak plantations are threatened by two major pests: the Teak Defoliator ( Hyblaea puera Cramer) Lepidoptera: Hyblaeidae and the Teak Skeletonizer ( Eutectona machaeralis (Walke... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC548686.xml |
529250 | Multivariate search for differentially expressed gene combinations | Background To identify differentially expressed genes, it is standard practice to test a two-sample hypothesis for each gene with a proper adjustment for multiple testing. Such tests are essentially univariate and disregard the multidimensional structure of microarray data. A more general two-sample hypothesis is formu... | Background The set of microarray expression data on p distinct genes is represented by a random vector X = X 1 ,..., X p with stochastically dependent components. The dimension of X is typically very high relative to the number of observations (replicates of experiment). The standard practice is to test the hypothesis ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC529250.xml |
535889 | Association of house spraying with suppressed levels of drug resistance in Zimbabwe | Background Public health strategies are needed to curb antimalarial drug resistance. Theoretical argument points to an association between malaria transmission and drug resistance although field evidence remains limited. Field observations, made in Zimbabwe, on the relationship between transmission and multigenic drug ... | Background The escalation of parasite drug resistance has persisted as a major obstacle to malaria control for decades [ 1 - 3 ]. Owing to dwindling options for affordable, safe and effective drugs, rising clinical failure rates exact a substantial public health toll, especially in Africa [ 4 , 5 ]. In countries that r... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC535889.xml |
539241 | Review of "System approach to engineering design" by P.H. Sydenham | null | Based on a semester-long seminar on the topic, this book aims to fill a gap in the current engineering curricula by taking a wide-angle view at the process of engineering design rather than focusing on a more narrow and in-depth approach. As part of Artech House Publishers' technology management and professional develo... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC539241.xml |
549215 | Pathophysiologic consequences following inhibition of a CFTR-dependent developmental cascade in the lung | Background Examination of late gestation developmental genes in vivo may be limited by early embryonic lethality and compensatory mechanisms. This problem is particularly apparent in evaluating the developmental role of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene in the cystic fibrosis (CF) phen... | Background The in utero gene transfer technology devised in this laboratory [ 1 ] was originally developed to circumvent the inflammatory response seen after birth with adenoviral-mediated gene transfer. During the course of these experiments it was discovered that the in utero transfer of the gene for cystic fibrosis ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC549215.xml |
555600 | Angiogenesis in cancer of unknown primary: clinicopathological study of CD34, VEGF and TSP-1 | Background Cancer of unknown primary remains a mallignancy of elusive biology and grim prognosis that lacks effective therapeutic options. We investigated angiogenesis in cancer of unknown primary to expand our knowledge on the biology of these tumors and identify potential therapeutic targets. Methods Paraffin embedde... | Background Cancer of unknown primary (CUP) is a unique clinical entity that accounts for an approximately 3% of human cancers[ 1 ]. Patients with CUP present with metastases for which the site of origin cannot be identified at initial workup. Early dissemination, unpredictability of metastatic pattern and aggressivenes... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC555600.xml |
554091 | Assessment of obesity management in medical examination | Obesity is a growing international health problem that has already reached epidemic proportions, particularly within the United States where a majority of the population is overweight or obese. Effective methods of treatment are needed, and should be taught to physicians by efficient means. There exists a disconnect be... | Wegeners's granulomatosis, errlichiosis, and tetrology of Fallot are examples of some of the rare diseases that I have learned to identify and look for in patients for over seven years as a medical student and resident in Internal Medicine. As a physician in training, I was frequently challenged to consider broad diffe... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC554091.xml |
526188 | Reconstruction of putative DNA virus from endogenous rice tungro bacilliform virus-like sequences in the rice genome: implications for integration and evolution | Background Plant genomes contain various kinds of repetitive sequences such as transposable elements, microsatellites, tandem repeats and virus-like sequences. Most of them, with the exception of virus-like sequences, do not allow us to trace their origins nor to follow the process of their integration into the host ge... | Background The virus-like sequences that have been found in plant genomes are divided into two groups of plant viruses, single-stranded DNA geminivirus and double-stranded DNA pararetroviruses. The geminivirus segments, including the viral replication origin and the adjacent AL1 gene, have been found in the genomes of ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC526188.xml |
523231 | Reconstructing Neural Circuits in 3D, Nanometer by Nanometer | null | Understanding how the brain processes and stores information depends in large part on knowing which neurons are involved in a particular process and how they're organized into functional networks. Each of the 10 billion or so neurons in the brain has thousands of connections to other neurons, sending (via axons) or rec... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC523231.xml |
554085 | Human neuroglobin protein in cerebrospinal fluid | Background Neuroglobin is a hexacoordinated member of the globin family of proteins. It is predominantly localized to various brain regions and retina where it may play a role in protection against ischemia and nitric oxide-induced neural injury. Cerebrospinal fluid was collected from 12 chronic regional or systemic pa... | Background The protein constituents (proteome) of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are altered in disease states such as meningitis, but may also be more subtly altered in many other neural conditions. CSF has been difficult to investigate because of the need for invasive lumbar punctures and the small volumes of CSF availabl... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC554085.xml |
493280 | Color Doppler imaging of cervicocephalic fibromuscular dysplasia | Background Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) is a possible cause of stroke, especially in middle-aged women. However, only few reports are available on ultrasonographic detection and monitoring. Methods Among the 15,000 patients who underwent color Doppler imaging (CDI) of the cervicocephalic arteries during the study peri... | Background Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) is a non-atheromatous, non-inflammatory arteriopathy of unknown etiology with segmental manifestation on medium-sized arteries in various regions of the body [ 1 ]. Manifestation on the renal arteries with the possible consequence of renovascular hypertension is remarkably frequ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC493280.xml |
548137 | Alteration of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in estrogen- and androgen-treated adult male leopard frog, Rana pipiens | Background Gonadal steroids, in particular 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and 17 beta-estradiol (E2), have been shown to feed back on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis of the ranid frog. However, questions still remain on how DHT and E2 impact two of the less-studied components of the ranid HPG axis, the... | Background It is well established in mammals that gonadal steroid hormones are potent negative feedback regulators of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. In ranid frogs, the first evidence supporting this notion came from a study on the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana , in which gonadectomy elevated circulating g... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC548137.xml |
514884 | Single Nucleotide Polymorphism–Based Validation of Exonic Splicing Enhancers | Because deleterious alleles arising from mutation are filtered by natural selection, mutations that create such alleles will be underrepresented in the set of common genetic variation existing in a population at any given time. Here, we describe an approach based on this idea called VERIFY (variant elimination reinforc... | Introduction Exonic splicing enhancers (ESEs) were identified about a decade ago as short oligonucleotide sequences that enhance exon recognition by the splicing machinery (reviewed in Blencowe 2000 and Cartegni et al. 2002 ). Sequences with ESE activity have been identified in both plants and animals and have been fou... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC514884.xml |
521195 | HIV-1 Vif and APOBEC3G: Multiple roads to one goal | The viral infectivity factor, Vif, of human immunodeficiency virus type 1, HIV-1, has long been shown to promote viral replication in vivo and to serve a critical function for productive infection of non-permissive cells, like peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Vif functions to counteract an anti-retroviral cel... | In contrast to most animal viruses, infection with the human and simian immunodeficiency viruses results in prolonged, continuous viral replication in the infected host. Remarkably, viral persistence is not thwarted by the presence of apparently vigorous, virus-specific immune responses. Several factors, including the ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC521195.xml |
539255 | Over expression of the selectable marker blasticidin S deaminase gene is toxic to human keratinocytes and murine BALB/MK cells | Background The blasticidin S resistance gene ( bsr ) is a selectable marker used for gene transfer experiments. The bsr gene encodes for blasticidin S (BS) deaminase, which has a specific activity upon BS. Therefore, its expression is supposed to be harmless in cells. The work reported on herein consisted of experiment... | Background Blasticidin S (BS) is a nucleoside antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces griseochromogenes , and has been used as a fungicide against rice blast disease [ 1 ]. BS inhibits protein synthesis in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes [ 1 ]. Later, a gene that provides resistance against BS ( bsr ) was isolated from B... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC539255.xml |
526375 | Cdc42 Effector Protein 2 (XCEP2) is required for normal gastrulation and contributes to cellular adhesion in Xenopus laevis | Background Rho GTPases and their downstream effector proteins regulate a diverse array of cellular processes during embryonic development, including reorganization of cytoskeletal architecture, cell adhesion, and transcription. Changes in the activation state of Rho GTPases are converted into changes in cellular behavi... | Background Vertebrate gastrulation depends upon exquisite regulation of diverse morphogenetic processes including changes in cell shape, cellular adhesion and migration. For example, in Xenopus laevis coordinated changes in cell shape and motility guide the initial formation of the dorsal lip, the initial site of mesod... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC526375.xml |
539269 | Randomised, controlled trial of N-acetylcysteine for treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [ISRCTN21676344] | Background Prophylactic treatment with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) for 3 months or more is associated with a reduction in the frequency of exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This raises the question of whether treatment with NAC during an acute exacerbation will hasten recovery from the exacerbat... | Background Exacerbations are an important cause of morbidity in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Seemungal et al found that exacerbations were an important determinant of quality of life in COPD [ 1 ]. In addition hospital admissions with exacerbations account for a large proportion of the expenditure on the trea... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC539269.xml |
539296 | ABC: software for interactive browsing of genomic multiple sequence alignment data | Background Alignment and comparison of related genome sequences is a powerful method to identify regions likely to contain functional elements. Such analyses are data intensive, requiring the inclusion of genomic multiple sequence alignments, sequence annotations, and scores describing regional attributes of columns in... | Background Functional elements in a genome accumulate inter-specific substitutions more slowly than neutral DNA throughout evolution [ 1 ]. Therefore, comparing orthologous genomic sequences from related species is useful for the identification of elements that play important roles in the biology of an organism [ 2 - 7... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC539296.xml |
539282 | Expression of pS2 in prostate cancer correlates with grade and Chromogranin A expression but not with stage | Background The biological potential of prostate cancer is extremely variable. Particular interest is focused on markers not expressed in normal prostatic tissues. pS2 protein expression has been demonstrated in a range of malignant tissues in an oestrogen-independent pathway. Recently, it has been demonstrated that pS2... | Background The biological potential of prostate cancer is extremely variable [ 1 ]. It is perhaps the only cancer, which could be managed by, deferred treatment in its early course for selected cancers [ 2 ]. To define the biological potential of prostate cancer, prognostic markers are employed. There are numerous mark... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC539282.xml |
509427 | Microglia and neuroinflammation: a pathological perspective | Microglia make up the innate immune system of the central nervous system and are key cellular mediators of neuroinflammatory processes. Their role in central nervous system diseases, including infections, is discussed in terms of a participation in both acute and chronic neuroinflammatory responses. Specific reference ... | Background A role for immune responses, involving antigen presentation and immune-response-generating cytokines, in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease was recognized for a decade before the term neuroinflammation came into widespread use [ 1 , 2 ]. A PubMed search using "neuroinflammation" as the on... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC509427.xml |
514488 | Unused Natural Variation Can Lift Yield Barriers in Plant Breeding | Natural biodiversity is an underexploited sustainable resource that can enrich the genetic basis of cultivated plants with novel alleles that improve productivity and adaptation. We evaluated the progress in breeding for increased tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) yield using genotypes carrying a pyramid of three independe... | Introduction Plant evolution under domestication has led to increased productivity, but at the same time it has narrowed the genetic basis of crop species ( Ladizinsky 1998 ). A major objective in modern breeding is to return to the wild ancestors of crop plants and employ some of the diversity that was lost during dom... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC514488.xml |
509426 | Optimizing the HIV/AIDS informed consent process in India | Background While the basic ethical issues regarding consent may be universal to all countries, the consent procedures required by international review boards which include detailed scientific and legal information, may not be optimal when administered within certain populations. The time and the technicalities of the p... | Background It is estimated that nearly 7.2 million people in Asia and the Pacific region are now living with HIV/AIDS, one million of whom acquired the virus in 2002 [ 1 ]. Of these, more than 2.4 million are women (ages 15–45) [ 1 ]. India's national HIV prevalence rate of less than 1% offers little indication of the ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC509426.xml |
300881 | JAMM: A Metalloprotease-Like Zinc Site in the Proteasome and Signalosome | The JAMM (JAB1/MPN/Mov34 metalloenzyme) motif in Rpn11 and Csn5 underlies isopeptidase activities intrinsic to the proteasome and signalosome, respectively. We show here that the archaebacterial protein AfJAMM possesses the key features of a zinc metalloprotease, yet with a distinct fold. The histidine and aspartic aci... | Introduction Many cellular proteins are degraded by the proteasome after they become covalently modified with a multiubiquitin chain. The 26S proteasome is a massive protein composed of a 20S core and two 19S regulatory particles ( Voges et al. 1999 ). The 20S core can be subdivided into a dimer of heptameric rings of ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC300881.xml |
545604 | A genome annotation-driven approach to cloning the human ORFeome | Using a new systematic approach to generating cDNA clones containing full-length open reading frames, clones representing 70% of genes on human chromosome 22 were obtained. | Background Many methods for high-throughput, experimental elucidation of gene function (functional genomics) depend on the availability of full-length cDNA clone collections [ 1 ]. These clones provide access to the protein-coding open reading frames (ORFs) and facilitate expression of large numbers of proteins in the ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC545604.xml |
539283 | Search for computational modules in the C. elegans brain | Background Does the C. elegans nervous system contain multi-neuron computational modules that perform stereotypical functions? We attempt to answer this question by searching for recurring multi-neuron inter-connectivity patterns in the C. elegans nervous system's wiring diagram. Results Our statistical analysis reveal... | Background There is little doubt that neurons are elementary building blocks of the nervous system [ 1 ]. It is less clear, however, whether multi-neuron modules (smaller than invertebrate ganglia or vertebrate nuclei and cortical columns) can be meaningfully defined, either anatomically [ 2 ] or physiologically [ 3 ].... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC539283.xml |
546330 | HIV-1 Tat Stimulates Transcription Complex Assembly through Recruitment of TBP in the Absence of TAFs | The human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-1) transactivator protein Tat is an unusual transcriptional activator that is thought to act solely by promoting RNA polymerase II processivity. Here we study the mechanism of Tat action by analyzing transcription complex (TC) assembly in vivo using chromatin immunoprecipita... | Introduction In eukaryotes, gene regulation is largely controlled at the transcriptional level. Factors involved in the accurate transcription of eukaryotic structural genes by RNA polymerase II (class II genes) can be classified into two groups. First, general (or basic) transcription factors (GTFs) are necessary and ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC546330.xml |
539297 | Membrane trafficking and mitochondrial abnormalities precede subunit c deposition in a cerebellar cell model of juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis | Background JNCL is a recessively inherited, childhood-onset neurodegenerative disease most-commonly caused by a ~1 kb CLN3 mutation. The resulting loss of battenin activity leads to deposition of mitochondrial ATP synthase, subunit c and a specific loss of CNS neurons. We previously generated Cln3 Δex7/8 knock-in mice,... | Background Juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (JNCL), or Batten disease, is a recessively inherited childhood-onset neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive blindness, seizures, motor and cognitive decline, and early death [ 1 ]. The primary genetic defect (>80% disease chromosomes) leading to JNCL ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC539297.xml |
514489 | Conflict over Male Parentage in Social Insects | Mutual policing is an important mechanism that maintains social harmony in group-living organisms by suppressing the selfish behavior of individuals. In social insects, workers police one another (worker-policing) by preventing individual workers from laying eggs that would otherwise develop into males. Within the fram... | Introduction Major evolutionary transitions ( Maynard-Smith and Szathmáry 1995 ) require the evolution of mechanisms that moderate within-group conflict ( Keller 1999 ; Queller 2000 ; Michod and Roze 2001 ). One such mechanism is mutual policing, where members of a group collectively prevent individuals from acting in ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC514489.xml |
526374 | External metallic circle in hepaticojejunostomy | Background Biliary-enteric anastomosis especially Roux-en Y hepaticojejunostomy is frequently used for biliary diversion in benign biliary strictures. In this study, we present the results of hepaticojejunostomy with external metallic circle. Methods Hepaticojejunostomy with external metallic circle were performed in e... | Background Although the risk of late bile duct cancer complicating biliary-enteric anastomosis has been well documented [ 1 , 2 ], biliary-enteric anastomosis especially, Roux-en Y hepaticojejunostomy is frequently used for high biliary injuries and for biliary diversion in benign biliary strictures [ 3 ]. Among the su... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC526374.xml |
539240 | Pancreatic metastasis from gastric carcinoma: a case report | Background The pancreas is a rare but occasionally favored target for metastasis. Metastatic lesions in the pancreas have been described for various primary cancers, such as carcinomas of the lung, the breast, renal cell carcinoma and sarcomas. Case presentation We report the case of a 60-year old female with a mass in... | Background The pancreas is an uncommon location for solitary metastasis from other primary cancers [ 1 ]. Despite this, in large autopsy series the prevalence of pancreatic metastasis has been described to be as high as 6% to 11% [ 2 ]. Whereas renal cell carcinoma appears to be the most common primary tumor to cause s... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC539240.xml |
212705 | PLoS Biology—We're Open | With this first issue of PLoS Biology, the editors present the aims and scope of the journal | Welcome to PLoS Biology . We would like to introduce you to your journal, one that is run by and for the scientific community in the broadest sense: researchers, teachers, students, physicians, and the public. One could argue whether scientists need more journals, but we believe there is a global need for greater acces... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC212705.xml |
554090 | Canavanine-induced longevity in mice may require diets with greater than 15.7% protein | Background Dietary administration of 1% canavanine had been shown to improve survival in female BALB/c mice consuming diets containing 23.4% protein (dry matter basis). Methods In order to determine if this effect also obtains at more moderate dietary protein concentrations, 30 female BALB/c mice were fed a basal diet ... | Background L-canavanine is a common non-protein amino acid found naturally in alfalfa sprouts, broad beans, jack beans, and a number of other legume foods and animal feed ingredients [ 1 ] at up to 2.4% of food dry matter. This analog of arginine (Figure 1 .) can also block NO synthesis [ 2 - 5 ], interfere with normal... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC554090.xml |
521180 | A New Way to Look at Oxidative Stress | null | Chemical reactions lie at the heart of many biological processes, from photosynthesis and respiration to cell signaling and drug metabolism. Thanks to an atmosphere rich in oxygen, many organisms use oxygen to carry out these life processes. But oxygen metabolism produces highly toxic by-products called reactive oxygen... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC521180.xml |
539254 | Predictors of mortality of patients with acute respiratory failure secondary to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease admitted to an intensive care unit: A one year study | Background Patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) commonly require hospitalization and admission to intensive care unit (ICU). It is useful to identify patients at the time of admission who are likely to have poor outcome. This study was carried out to define the predictors of ... | Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by irreversible airway obstruction that leads to chronic disability. Patients with COPD have a longstanding downhill course that is interspersed with episodes of exacerbations requiring hospitalization. COPD is known to be a common disease. There ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC539254.xml |
523230 | Dictyostelium Myosin Bipolar Thick Filament Formation: Importance of Charge and Specific Domains of the Myosin Rod | Myosin-II thick filament formation in Dictyostelium is an excellent system for investigating the phenomenon of self-assembly, as the myosin molecule itself contains all the information required to form a structure of defined size. Phosphorylation of only three threonine residues can dramatically change the assembly sta... | Introduction The Assembly of Bipolar Thick Filaments Is Regulated During Cell Division Myosin-II (hereafter referred to as myosin) is a hexameric protein composed of two heavy chains, two regulatory light chains, and two essential light chains ( Figure 1 A). The heavy chain consists of an N-terminal globular head that ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC523230.xml |
514891 | Equivalence and noninferiority trials – are they viable alternatives for registration of new drugs? (III) | The scientific community's reliance on active-controlled trials is steadily increasing, as widespread agreement emerges concerning the role of these trials as viable alternatives to placebo trials. These trials present substantial challenges with regard to design and interpretation as their complexity increases, and th... | Background In an era of cost containment, the need for rigorous examination of the cost-effectiveness of drugs, as well as their clinical effectiveness, is widely recognized not only by governments but also by the pharmaceutical industry [ 1 - 4 ]. Messages framed differently, but with the same basic content, have reac... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC514891.xml |
539268 | Locomotor activity in common spiny mice (Acomys cahirinuse): The effect of light and environmental complexity | Background Rodents typically avoid illuminated and open areas, favoring dark or sheltered environments for activity. While previous studies focused on the effect of these environmental attributes on the level of activity, the present study tested whether the spatio-temporal structure of activity was also modified in il... | Background Rodents typically avoid illuminated and open areas, favoring dark or sheltered environments for activity. Indeed, higher activity was described in numerous field and laboratory studies of nocturnal species tested in the dark, compared with their activity when tested under light. For example, common spiny mic... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC539268.xml |
526189 | In vitro evaluation of the potential role of sulfite radical in morphine-associated histamine release | Background Intravenous morphine use is associated with elevated histamine release leading to bronchoconstriction, edema and hemodynamic instability in some patients. This study evaluated the possibility that sulfite, which is present as a preservative in many morphine preparations, might contribute to histamine release... | Background Morphine is among the most common analgesic agents used in the intensive care setting. It is usually administered parenterally as an intravenous infusion. Despite its efficacy, its use is associated with a number of hazards including respiratory depression [ 1 ], tolerance [ 2 ], physiological dependence [ 2... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC526189.xml |
521194 | Health-related quality of life as a predictor of pediatric healthcare costs: A two-year prospective cohort analysis | Background The objective of this study was to test the primary hypothesis that parent proxy-report of pediatric health-related quality of life (HRQL) would prospectively predict pediatric healthcare costs over a two-year period. The exploratory hypothesis tested anticipated that a relatively small group of children wou... | Background Predicting healthcare costs for pediatric populations has been challenging [ 1 ]. Although population-based risk prediction and case-mix adjustment can be used to inform policy, set rates, and compare outcomes across providers [ 2 ], a more immediate concern for healthcare providers is to clinically manage t... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC521194.xml |
549599 | Towards Better Evaluation of Pneumococcal Vaccines | null | Pneumonia remains the leading cause of death worldwide in children. Several vaccines against pneumococcal pneumonia are at various stages of development, but the testing of their efficacy is hampered by the lack of noninvasive tests that are sensitive and specific for the disease. Diagnosis is usually based on chest ra... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC549599.xml |
546331 | Organized Unidirectional Waves of ATP Hydrolysis within a RecA Filament | The RecA protein forms nucleoprotein filaments on DNA, and individual monomers within the filaments hydrolyze ATP. Assembly and disassembly of filaments are both unidirectional, occurring on opposite filament ends, with disassembly requiring ATP hydrolysis. When filaments form on duplex DNA, RecA protein exhibits a fun... | Introduction There are three prominent protein families that both form filaments and hydrolyze nucleoside triphosphates (NTPs). These include the tubulins [ 1 , 2 , 3 ], the actins [ 4 , 5 , 6 ], and RecA protein and its homologs [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ]. Of these, the RecA family is unique in its formation of filaments... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC546331.xml |
548136 | Red maca (Lepidium meyenii) reduced prostate size in rats | Background Epidemiological studies have found that consumption of cruciferous vegetables is associated with a reduced risk of prostate cancer. This effect seems to be due to aromatic glucosinolate content. Glucosinolates are known for have both antiproliferative and proapoptotic actions. Maca is a cruciferous cultivate... | Background Lepidium meyenii , a traditional Peruvian cruciferous vegetable known as Maca, grows exclusively at altitudes over 4000 m. The hypocotyl, the edible part of the plant, is used as a nutritional supplement and for its enhancing sperm production properties [ 1 ]. Maca is presented in different ecotypes accordin... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC548136.xml |
539056 | A New Vision for Clinical Trials in Africa | A new funding body (the EDCTP) will fund clinical trials in developing countries, particularly in Africa, that help to develop affordable interventions against HIV, TB, and malaria. How is it doing so far? | Last year the European Parliament and Council formed the european and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership (EDCTP). The aim of this new funding body, which has a budget of €400 million spread over five years, is a noble one: to fund research in developing countries, particularly in Africa, that contrib... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC539056.xml |
548687 | Herpesvirus pan encodes a functional homologue of BHRF1, the Epstein-Barr virus v-Bcl-2 | Background Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) latently infects about 90% of the human population and is associated with benign and malignant diseases of lymphoid and epithelial origin. BHRF1, an early lytic cycle antigen, is an apoptosis suppressing member of the Bcl-2 family. In vitro studies imply that BHRF1 is dispensable for... | Background Apoptosis is a genetically programmed form of cell death employed to regulate cell number, spatial organisation and remove infected and damaged cell populations that may compromise the integrity of the organism [ 1 ]. Aberrant or unscheduled apoptotic responses are thought to contribute to various diseases i... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC548687.xml |
548678 | Differential effects of ERK and p38 signaling in BMP-2 stimulated hypertrophy of cultured chick sternal chondrocytes | Background During endochondral bone formation, the hypertrophy of chondrocytes is accompanied by selective expression of several genes including type X collagen and alkaline phosphatase. This expression is stimulated by inducers including BMPs and ascorbate. A 316 base pair region of the type X collagen (Col X) promote... | Background During skeletal development and growth, bone formation occurs either by intramembraneous or endochondral bone formation. In endochondral bone formation, which occurs at the growth plates of long bones, cartilage is formed first, then the chondrocytes undergo a proliferative phase followed by hypertrophy, cha... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC548678.xml |
387285 | A Wee Lesson in Science Communication | The University of Edinburgh encourages its Ph.D. students to participate in a broad programme of science communication activities, designed to enhance public engagement in science | The need for effective communication of research and the promotion of science is more important then ever. Public scepticism of research is high, and the number of students studying science continues to dwindle. In an attempt to combat this, the University of Edinburgh encourages its Ph.D. students to participate in a ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC387285.xml |
548693 | Managing change in the nursing handover from traditional to bedside handover – a case study from Mauritius | Background The shift handover forms an important part of the communication process that takes place twice within the nurses' working day in the gynaecological ward. This paper addresses the topic of implementing a new system of bedside handover, which puts patients central to the whole process of managing care and also... | Background This study was undertaken in a 28 – bedded gynaecological ward catering for female patients aged 16 and above. There were 21 nurses based in this ward of whom 14 were qualified and the remaining were health care assistants, with experience ranging from 1 1/2 – 33 years. The shift handover in this ward was co... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC548693.xml |
545214 | Nepal's War and Conflict-Sensitive Development | null | I would like to share my experience from nearly a decade of civil war between the Maoist rebels and the Royal Nepalese Army in Nepal in reference to the article by Zwi [1] on the expanding role of health communities in times of conflict. The current war in Nepal has led to widespread destruction of limited infrastructu... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC545214.xml |
539042 | The Commercialisation of Medical and Scientific Reporting | Commercial influences on research results can in turn lead to "hype" in science and medicine news stories | There is a growing recognition of the importance of the popular press in the communication of science. The media is often the primary source of science information and, as such, can have a profound impact on how the public views the risks and benefits of scientific advances. Dorothy Nelkin suggests that the “media serv... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC539042.xml |
549200 | A robust two-way semi-linear model for normalization of cDNA microarray data | Background Normalization is a basic step in microarray data analysis. A proper normalization procedure ensures that the intensity ratios provide meaningful measures of relative expression values. Methods We propose a robust semiparametric method in a two-way semi-linear model (TW-SLM) for normalization of cDNA microarr... | Background Microarray technology has become a useful tool for quantitatively monitoring gene expression patterns and has been widely used in functional genomics [ 1 , 2 ]. In a cDNA microarray experiment, cDNA segments representing a collection of transcripts and Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs) are amplified by PCR and ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC549200.xml |
545200 | Educating the Brain to Avoid Dementia: Can Mental Exercise Prevent Alzheimer Disease? | Physicians often recommend to older adults that they should engage in mentally stimulating activity to reduce the risk of dementia. But is this recommendation based on sound evidence? | Physicians now commonly advise older adults to engage in mentally stimulating activity as a way of reducing their risk of dementia. Indeed, the recommendation is often followed by the acknowledgment that evidence of benefit is still lacking, but “it can't hurt.” What could possibly be the problem with older adults spen... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC545200.xml |
514715 | Lymphoedema management knowledge and practices among patients attending filariasis morbidity control clinics in Gampaha District, Sri Lanka | Background Little information is available on methods of treatment practiced by patients affected by filarial lymphoedema in Sri Lanka. The frequency and duration of acute dematolymphangioadenitis (ADLA) attacks in these patients remain unclear. This study reports the knowledge, practices and perceptions regarding lymp... | Background Lymphatic filariasis, identified as one of the leading causes of permanent disability worldwide, has been targeted for global elimination [ 1 , 2 ]. Interrupting transmission and controlling morbidity are the twin pillars of the global filariasis elimination programme [ 3 ]. Mass drug administration (MDA) fo... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC514715.xml |
555761 | Validity of Simpson-Angus Scale (SAS) in a naturalistic schizophrenia population | Background Simpson-Angus Scale (SAS) is an established instrument for neuroleptic-induced parkinsonism (NIP), but its statistical properties have been studied insufficiently. Some shortcomings concerning its content have been suggested as well. According to a recent report, the widely used SAS mean score cut-off value ... | Background Reported prevalences for neuroleptic-induced parkinsonism (NIP) in schizophrenia patients are usually in the range 19% to 36% [ 1 - 5 ]. As NIP can severely impair activities of daily life, and it can be treated or at least alleviated, its diagnosis and assessment are an important focus in clinical practice.... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC555761.xml |
514885 | Transcriptional Control in the Segmentation Gene Network of Drosophila | The segmentation gene network of Drosophila consists of maternal and zygotic factors that generate, by transcriptional (cross-) regulation, expression patterns of increasing complexity along the anterior-posterior axis of the embryo. Using known binding site information for maternal and zygotic gap transcription factor... | Introduction The development of higher eukaryotes depends on the establishment of complex spatiotemporal patterns of gene expression. Thus, an important key to understanding development is to decode the transcriptional control of patterned gene expression. The segmentation gene network of Drosophila has long been one o... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC514885.xml |
529251 | Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) of anxiety disorders before and after treatment with citalopram | Background Several studies have now examined the effects of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) treatment on brain function in a variety of anxiety disorders including obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and social anxiety disorder (social phobia) (SAD). Regional changes... | Background Significant advances in our understanding of the mediating psychobiology and the development of effective treatments for anxiety disorders have been made in recent years. Modern brain imaging techniques have proved useful in exposing specific albeit overlapping neurocircuitry that underlies individual anxiet... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC529251.xml |
374245 | Evolutionary History of a Gene Controlling Brain Size | null | Biologists have long known that the African great apes (including the chimpanzee, bonobo, and gorilla) are our closest relatives, evolutionarily speaking. The recent release of the chimp draft genome sequence confirms this relationship at the nucleotide level, showing that human and chimp DNA is roughly 99% identical. ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC374245.xml |
535903 | Identitag, a relational database for SAGE tag identification and interspecies comparison of SAGE libraries | Background Serial Analysis of Gene Expression (SAGE) is a method of large-scale gene expression analysis that has the potential to generate the full list of mRNAs present within a cell population at a given time and their frequency. An essential step in SAGE library analysis is the unambiguous assignment of each 14 bp ... | Background In order to characterize the molecular basis underlying self-renewal versus differentiation decision-making process we investigated the transcriptomic changes of various states related to this process, in two model systems : one derived from chicken and the other from human cells. We decided to use Serial An... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC535903.xml |
423152 | Initiation of DNA Replication: The Genomic Context | null | Every time a cell divides, it must first duplicate its entire genome. Barring the occasional error, the daughter cells inherit identical copies of the parent cell's genome. With a typical human cell containing almost 9 feet of DNA made of 3 billion base pairs crammed into a nucleus about 5 microns (.0002 inches) in dia... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC423152.xml |
544888 | Hierarchical structure and modules in the Escherichia coli transcriptional regulatory network revealed by a new top-down approach | Background Cellular functions are coordinately carried out by groups of genes forming functional modules. Identifying such modules in the transcriptional regulatory network (TRN) of organisms is important for understanding the structure and function of these fundamental cellular networks and essential for the emerging ... | Background Genome sequencing and high-throughput technologies of functional genomics generate a huge amount of information about cellular components and their functions in an unprecedented pace. These advances make it possible to reconstruct large scale biological networks (metabolism, gene regulation, signal transduct... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC544888.xml |
555749 | Role of health-related quality of life measures in the routine care of people with multiple sclerosis | Health-related quality of life instruments are expected to be of particular value in routine care of people with multiple sclerosis (MS), where they may facilitate the detection of disease aspects that would otherwise go unrecognised, help clinicians appreciate patient priorities particularly in terms of treatment goal... | Review Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system of unknown etiology and poorly understood pathogenesis. There is a north-south gradient of MS prevalence in the northern hemisphere, with highest levels (over 100 per 100,000) in northern regions [ 1 , 2 ]. It is a chronic disease w... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC555749.xml |
549214 | Nucleus accumbens core lesions retard instrumental learning and performance with delayed reinforcement in the rat | Background Delays between actions and their outcomes severely hinder reinforcement learning systems, but little is known of the neural mechanism by which animals overcome this problem and bridge such delays. The nucleus accumbens core (AcbC), part of the ventral striatum, is required for normal preference for a large, ... | Background Animals learn to control their environment through instrumental (operant) conditioning. When an animal acts to obtain reward or reinforcement, there is often a delay between its action and the outcome; thus, animals must learn instrumental action-outcome contingencies using delayed reinforcement. Although su... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC549214.xml |
544877 | Effects of home visits by home nurses to elderly people with health problems: design of a randomised clinical trial in the Netherlands [ISRCTN92017183] | Background Preventive home visits to elderly people by public health nurses aim to maintain or improve the functional status of elderly and reduce the use of institutional care services. A number of trials that investigated the effects of home visits show positive results, but others do not. The outcomes can depend on ... | Background The number of elderly people is increasing. Due to the ageing population, more demands are made on health care services [ 1 ]. In the last two decades, preventive programmes have been developed aiming at reducing health care cost and improving the independent functioning of elderly people. One of such progra... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC544877.xml |
526758 | Effects of recombinant adenovirus-mediated expression of IL-2 and IL-12 in human B lymphoma cells on co-cultured PBMC | Background Modulation of the immune system by genetically modified lymphoma cell vaccines is of potential therapeutic value in the treatment of B cell lymphoma. However, the anti-tumor effect of any single immunogene transfer has so far been limited. Combination treatment of recombinant IL-2 and IL-12 has been reported... | Background Lymphoma cells are attractive targets for gene transfer, because these cells are potentially susceptible to immunotherapeutic strategies [ 1 ]. Among the various cancer gene therapies using a variety of genes with different gene transfer systems, immunogene therapy focuses on the use of genes for cytokines, ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC526758.xml |
529325 | This Is Your Fly's Brain on Drugs | null | Cocaine addiction wreaks profound changes on the brain, hijacking reward circuits and depressing inhibitory loops to the point that drug seeking and taking become central drivers of behavior. Lying at the core of these behavioral changes are molecular ones; at its most basic level, addiction alters the sensitivity of n... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC529325.xml |
514701 | Influence of microarrays experiments missing values on the stability of gene groups by hierarchical clustering | Background Microarray technologies produced large amount of data. The hierarchical clustering is commonly used to identify clusters of co-expressed genes. However, microarray datasets often contain missing values (MVs) representing a major drawback for the use of the clustering methods. Usually the MVs are not treated,... | Background The genome projects have increased our knowledge of genomic sequences for several organisms. Taking advantage of this knowledge, the microarrays technologies allow the characterization of a whole-genome expression by showing the relative transcript levels of thousand of genes in one experiment [ 1 ]. Numerou... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC514701.xml |
544863 | Development of a real-time QPCR assay for the detection of RV2 lineage-specific rhadinoviruses in macaques and baboons | Background Two distinct lineages of rhadinoviruses related to Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV/HHV8) have been identified in macaques and other Old World non-human primates. We have developed a real-time quantitative PCR (QPCR) assay using a TaqMan probe to differentially detect and quantitate members of t... | Background Members of the Rhadinovirus genus of the gammaherpesviruses are lymphotrophic and are associated with a variety of lymphoproliferative diseases. Herpesvirus saimiri (HVS), the prototype rhadinovirus isolated from the South American squirrel monkey, causes fulminant T-cell lymphomas in closely related host sp... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC544863.xml |
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