Datasets:

kaupane
/

AstroReason-Bench

license: mit
language:
  - en
tags:
  - aerospace
  - satellite-scheduling
  - operations-research
  - constraint-optimization
  - astrodynamics
  - benchmark
dataset_info:
  - config_name: aeossp_standard
    features:
      - name: case_id
        dtype: string
      - name: split
        dtype: string
      - name: benchmark
        dtype: string
      - name: index_metadata
        struct:
          - name: case_id
            dtype: string
          - name: case_seed
            dtype: int64
          - name: horizon_hours
            dtype: int64
          - name: norad_catalog_ids
            list: int64
          - name: num_satellites
            dtype: int64
          - name: num_tasks
            dtype: int64
          - name: path
            dtype: string
          - name: satellite_sensor_mix
            struct:
              - name: infrared
                dtype: int64
              - name: visible
                dtype: int64
          - name: split
            dtype: string
          - name: task_sensor_mix
            struct:
              - name: infrared
                dtype: int64
              - name: visible
                dtype: int64
          - name: task_source_mix
            struct:
              - name: background
                dtype: int64
              - name: city
                dtype: int64
          - name: task_weight_summary
            struct:
              - name: max
                dtype: float64
              - name: mean
                dtype: float64
              - name: min
                dtype: float64
      - name: files
        list:
          - name: content
            dtype: string
          - name: path
            dtype: string
    splits:
      - name: test
        num_bytes: 723572
        num_examples: 5
    download_size: 734459
    dataset_size: 723572
  - config_name: regional_coverage
    features:
      - name: case_id
        dtype: string
      - name: split
        dtype: string
      - name: benchmark
        dtype: string
      - name: index_metadata
        struct:
          - name: case_id
            dtype: string
          - name: horizon_hours
            dtype: int64
          - name: num_regions
            dtype: int64
          - name: num_satellites
            dtype: int64
          - name: path
            dtype: string
          - name: satellite_class_ids
            list: string
          - name: split
            dtype: string
          - name: total_region_area_m2
            dtype: float64
      - name: files
        list:
          - name: content
            dtype: string
          - name: path
            dtype: string
    splits:
      - name: test
        num_bytes: 15300881
        num_examples: 5
    download_size: 15307349
    dataset_size: 15300881
  - config_name: relay_constellation
    features:
      - name: case_id
        dtype: string
      - name: split
        dtype: string
      - name: benchmark
        dtype: string
      - name: index_metadata
        struct:
          - name: case_id
            dtype: string
          - name: horizon_hours
            dtype: int64
          - name: max_added_satellites
            dtype: int64
          - name: num_backbone_satellites
            dtype: int64
          - name: num_demanded_windows
            dtype: int64
          - name: num_endpoint_pairs
            dtype: int64
          - name: num_ground_endpoints
            dtype: int64
          - name: path
            dtype: string
          - name: split
            dtype: string
      - name: files
        list:
          - name: content
            dtype: string
          - name: path
            dtype: string
    splits:
      - name: test
        num_bytes: 26843
        num_examples: 5
    download_size: 42030
    dataset_size: 26843
  - config_name: revisit_constellation
    features:
      - name: case_id
        dtype: string
      - name: split
        dtype: string
      - name: benchmark
        dtype: string
      - name: index_metadata
        struct:
          - name: case_id
            dtype: string
          - name: max_num_satellites
            dtype: int64
          - name: path
            dtype: string
          - name: split
            dtype: string
          - name: target_count
            dtype: int64
          - name: uniform_revisit_threshold_hours
            dtype: float64
      - name: files
        list:
          - name: content
            dtype: string
          - name: path
            dtype: string
    splits:
      - name: test
        num_bytes: 32967
        num_examples: 5
    download_size: 38884
    dataset_size: 32967
  - config_name: satnet
    features:
      - name: case_id
        dtype: string
      - name: split
        dtype: string
      - name: benchmark
        dtype: string
      - name: index_metadata
        struct:
          - name: case_id
            dtype: string
          - name: maintenance_window_count
            dtype: int64
          - name: path
            dtype: string
          - name: request_count
            dtype: int64
          - name: split
            dtype: string
          - name: week
            dtype: int64
          - name: year
            dtype: int64
      - name: files
        list:
          - name: content
            dtype: string
          - name: path
            dtype: string
    splits:
      - name: test
        num_bytes: 3248419
        num_examples: 5
    download_size: 3254244
    dataset_size: 3248419
  - config_name: spot5
    features:
      - name: case_id
        dtype: string
      - name: split
        dtype: string
      - name: benchmark
        dtype: string
      - name: index_metadata
        struct:
          - name: case_id
            dtype: string
          - name: instance_file
            dtype: string
          - name: is_multi_orbit
            dtype: bool
          - name: path
            dtype: string
          - name: split
            dtype: string
      - name: files
        list:
          - name: content
            dtype: string
          - name: path
            dtype: string
    splits:
      - name: single_orbit
        num_bytes: 934024
        num_examples: 14
      - name: multi_orbit
        num_bytes: 1766774
        num_examples: 7
      - name: test
        num_bytes: 1147997
        num_examples: 5
    download_size: 3862333
    dataset_size: 3848795
  - config_name: stereo_imaging
    features:
      - name: case_id
        dtype: string
      - name: split
        dtype: string
      - name: benchmark
        dtype: string
      - name: index_metadata
        struct:
          - name: case_id
            dtype: string
          - name: horizon_end
            dtype: string
          - name: horizon_start
            dtype: string
          - name: norad_catalog_ids
            list: int64
          - name: num_satellites
            dtype: int64
          - name: num_targets
            dtype: int64
          - name: path
            dtype: string
          - name: satellite_ids
            list: string
          - name: split
            dtype: string
      - name: files
        list:
          - name: content
            dtype: string
          - name: path
            dtype: string
    splits:
      - name: test
        num_bytes: 39007
        num_examples: 5
    download_size: 46433
    dataset_size: 39007
configs:
  - config_name: aeossp_standard
    data_files:
      - split: test
        path: aeossp_standard/test-*
  - config_name: regional_coverage
    data_files:
      - split: test
        path: regional_coverage/test-*
  - config_name: relay_constellation
    data_files:
      - split: test
        path: relay_constellation/test-*
  - config_name: revisit_constellation
    data_files:
      - split: test
        path: revisit_constellation/test-*
  - config_name: satnet
    data_files:
      - split: test
        path: satnet/test-*
  - config_name: spot5
    data_files:
      - split: single_orbit
        path: spot5/single_orbit-*
      - split: multi_orbit
        path: spot5/multi_orbit-*
      - split: test
        path: spot5/test-*
  - config_name: stereo_imaging
    data_files:
      - split: test
        path: stereo_imaging/test-*

AstroReason-Bench Datasets

This is the canonical Hugging Face Dataset repository for AstroReason-Bench, a benchmark suite for evaluating AI agents and algorithms on space mission design and planning problems.

Each benchmark is exposed as a separate config (subset) within this dataset. Splits within a config map transparently to the benchmark's own dataset splits (e.g., test, single_orbit, multi_orbit).

Dataset Summary

Config	Cases	Splits	Domain
`aeossp_standard`	5	`test`	Agile Earth-observation satellite scheduling
`regional_coverage`	5	`test`	SAR-like regional strip-observation planning
`relay_constellation`	5	`test`	Relay satellite constellation augmentation
`revisit_constellation`	5	`test`	Constellation design for uniform target revisit
`satnet`	5	`test`	Deep Space Network (DSN) antenna scheduling
`spot5`	21	`single_orbit`, `multi_orbit`, `test`	SPOT-5 daily photograph scheduling (DCKP)
`stereo_imaging`	5	`test`	Optical stereo/tri-stereo imaging planning

Dataset Structure

Every example in every config follows the same schema:

{
  "case_id": "case_0001",
  "split": "test",
  "benchmark": "aeossp_standard",
  "index_metadata": { ... case-specific metadata from index.json ... },
  "files": [
    {"path": "mission.yaml", "content": "..."},
    {"path": "satellites.yaml", "content": "..."},
    {"path": "tasks.yaml", "content": "..."}
  ]
}

case_id: Unique identifier for the case within the benchmark.
split: The dataset split the case belongs to.
benchmark: The benchmark name.
index_metadata: The case-level entry from the benchmark's dataset/index.json (e.g., satellite counts, task counts, horizons, thresholds, provenance).
files: A list of all text files inside the case directory. Each entry has a path (relative to the case directory) and the full UTF-8 content.

Note: Because different cases contain different filenames, files is stored as a uniform list of objects rather than a dictionary with dynamic keys. This ensures consistent features across splits.

Quickstart

Loading a single benchmark

from datasets import load_dataset

# Load the aeossp_standard benchmark
ds = load_dataset("AstroReason-Bench/datasets", "aeossp_standard")
print(ds["test"][0]["case_id"])

Loading a specific case's files

case = ds["test"][0]
for file in case["files"]:
    print(file["path"])
    # file["content"] contains the full text of the file

Iterating all configs

from datasets import get_dataset_config_names

configs = get_dataset_config_names("AstroReason-Bench/datasets")
for config in configs:
    ds = load_dataset("AstroReason-Bench/datasets", config)
    for split_name, split_ds in ds.items():
        print(f"{config}/{split_name}: {len(split_ds)} cases")

Benchmark Descriptions

`aeossp_standard`

A planning-oriented agile Earth-observation satellite scheduling benchmark. Each case provides a fixed constellation of real satellites (via frozen TLEs), time-windowed point-imaging tasks, and hard constraints on observation geometry, battery state, and slew feasibility. The solver submits a schedule of observation actions. Metrics include completion ratio (CR), weighted completion ratio (WCR), time-averaged tardiness (TAT), and power consumption (PC).

Case files: mission.yaml, satellites.yaml, tasks.yaml

`regional_coverage`

A SAR-like regional imaging benchmark. The solver must plan strip observations over polygonal regions of interest to maximize unique weighted coverage. Cases include real satellites with frozen TLEs, GeoJSON region definitions, and a benchmark-owned fine-grid scoring model. Hard constraints include roll-only strip geometry, same-satellite retargeting limits, battery feasibility, and optional per-region minimum coverage thresholds.

Case files: manifest.json, satellites.yaml, regions.geojson, coverage_grid.json

`relay_constellation`

A partial constellation-design benchmark for relay service augmentation. Given an immutable MEO relay backbone and ground endpoints, the solver adds a bounded number of lower-altitude relay satellites and schedules ground-link and inter-satellite-link actions. The verifier scores service fraction, latency percentiles, and the number of added satellites.

Case files: manifest.json, network.json, demands.json

`revisit_constellation`

A constellation-design and scheduling benchmark focused on revisit performance. The solver designs a satellite constellation (initial GCRF Cartesian states up to a case cap) and schedules observation actions to keep target revisit gaps as small as possible over a 48-hour horizon. Scoring is driven by mean_revisit_gap_hours, max_revisit_gap_hours, and satellite_count.

Case files: assets.json, mission.json

`satnet`

A reinforcement-learning benchmark derived from NASA/JPL Deep Space Network (DSN) operations. The task is to schedule ground-station antenna tracks for interplanetary spacecraft over one-week windows, respecting precomputed view periods, setup/teardown times, maintenance windows, and non-overlap constraints. The primary metric is total scheduled communication hours.

Case files: problem.json, maintenance.csv, metadata.json

`spot5`

A constraint optimization benchmark based on the ROADEF 2003 Challenge and CNES SPOT-5 operations. Cases are encoded in the DCKP (Disjunctively Constrained Knapsack Problem) format. The solver selects photographs and assigns cameras to maximize total profit while respecting binary/ternary disjunctive constraints and an onboard memory capacity constraint (for multi-orbit instances).

Case files: <case_id>.spot

`stereo_imaging`

An optical satellite stereo imaging benchmark. The solver schedules timed observations from real satellites to acquire same-pass stereo or tri-stereo products over ground targets. The verifier scores coverage_ratio (fraction of targets with a valid stereo product) and normalized_quality (mean best-per-target quality based on convergence angle, overlap, and pixel scale).

Case files: satellites.yaml, targets.yaml, mission.yaml

Data Splits and Splits Policy

aeossp_standard, regional_coverage, relay_constellation, revisit_constellation, satnet, stereo_imaging: Currently expose a single committed split test.
spot5: Exposes three splits:
- single_orbit: 14 cases without memory constraints.
- multi_orbit: 7 cases with a memory capacity of 200.
- test: A 5-case sample drawn with seed 42 (overlaps with single_orbit and multi_orbit).

Future benchmark releases may add additional splits (e.g., train, val) transparently without changing the schema.

Dataset Creation

All canonical datasets are generated or curated by the AstroReason-Bench repository. Where generators exist, they are deterministic and tied to committed splits.yaml contracts. Canonical cases are committed to the repository and are the source of truth for evaluation.

Source Data

Config	Primary Sources
`aeossp_standard`	CelesTrak TLE snapshot; GeoNames cities; Natural Earth land polygons
`regional_coverage`	CelesTrak TLE snapshot; GeoNames; Natural Earth
`relay_constellation`	Synthetic case generator with deterministic seeds
`revisit_constellation`	Kaggle world-cities dataset; CelesTrak TLE snapshot
`satnet`	Derived from NASA/JPL Deep Space Network operations research (Chien et al., 2021)
`spot5`	Mendeley Data DCKP abstraction (Wei & Hao, 2021) of CNES SPOT-5 ROADEF 2003 instances
`stereo_imaging`	Kaggle world-cities; CelesTrak TLE snapshot

Considerations for Using the Data

Algorithm-agnostic: Benchmarks define problems and verification, not preferred solving strategies.
Standalone: Each config is self-contained with no runtime dependencies on other configs.
No solutions included: This dataset contains only problem instances (cases). Solutions, baselines, and leaderboards belong in downstream repositories.
Binary files skipped: The upload script ingests only text-based case files. Any future binary artifacts would be excluded from this HF release.

Licensing Information

This dataset repository aggregates multiple sources with different provenance:

spot5: The .spot instances are from the Mendeley Data release (DOI: 10.17632/2kbzg9nw3b.1) and are provided under CC BY 4.0.
satnet: Derived from NASA/JPL Deep Space Network operations research. Used for research and educational purposes.
All other benchmarks (aeossp_standard, regional_coverage, relay_constellation, revisit_constellation, stereo_imaging): Original benchmark materials created by the AstroReason-Bench project.

Please cite the appropriate references when using individual benchmarks (see Citation Information).

Citation Information

If you use this dataset suite in your research, please cite the AstroReason-Bench paper and the original benchmark sources:

AstroReason-Bench (suite)

@article{wang2026astroreason,
  title={AstroReason-Bench: Evaluating Unified Agentic Planning across Heterogeneous Space Planning Problems},
  author={Wang, Weiyi and Chen, Xinchi and Gong, Jingjing and Huang, Xuanjing and Qiu, Xipeng},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2601.11354},
  year={2026}
}

SatNet

@inproceedings{goh2021satnet,
  title={SatNet: A benchmark for satellite scheduling optimization},
  author={Goh, Edwin and Venkataram, Hamsa Shwetha and Balaji, Bharathan and Wilson, Brian D and Johnston, Mark D},
  booktitle={AAAI-22 workshop on Machine Learning for Operations Research (ML4OR)},
  year={2021}
}

SPOT-5 / DCKP

@article{wei2023responsive,
  title={Responsive strategic oscillation for solving the disjunctively constrained knapsack problem},
  author={Wei, Zequn and Hao, Jin-Kao and Ren, Jintong and Glover, Fred},
  journal={European Journal of Operational Research},
  volume={309},
  number={3},
  pages={993--1009},
  year={2023},
  publisher={Elsevier}
}

Contact and Links

Repository: https://github.com/Mtrya/AstroReason-Bench
Issue Tracker: https://github.com/Mtrya/AstroReason-Bench/issues