juliensimon/hawc-tev-gamma-ray

3HWC HAWC TeV Gamma-Ray Source Catalog

Part of the Astronomy Datasets collection on Hugging Face.

The Third HAWC Catalog (3HWC) of Very-High-Energy Gamma-Ray Sources, containing 65 sources detected by the High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) Observatory over 1,523 days of observation. HAWC surveys two-thirds of the sky daily at TeV energies.

Dataset description

The 3HWC catalog represents the most sensitive survey of the TeV gamma-ray sky by HAWC. Sources are identified as statistically significant excesses above the cosmic-ray background. The catalog includes source positions, test statistics, differential fluxes at 7 TeV, and spectral indices assuming a simple power-law model.

Schema

Column	Type	Description
source_name	string	3HWC designation (e.g., 3HWC J0534+220)
source_name_flag	string	Flag on source name
ra_deg	float64	Right ascension J2000 (degrees)
dec_deg	float64	Declination J2000 (degrees)
glon_deg	float64	Galactic longitude (degrees)
glat_deg	float64	Galactic latitude (degrees)
pos_error_deg	float64	Positional uncertainty (degrees)
search_radius_deg	float64	Search radius used (degrees)
test_statistic	float64	Detection test statistic (TS)
separation_deg	float64	Separation from nearest TeVCat source (degrees)
tevcat_flag	string	TeVCat association flag
tevcat_name	string	Associated TeVCat source name
tevcat_note	string	Note on TeVCat association
flux_7tev	float64	Differential flux at 7 TeV (10^-15 cm^-2 s^-1 TeV^-1)
flux_7tev_err_upper	float64	Upper statistical error on flux
flux_7tev_err_lower	float64	Lower statistical error on flux
spectral_index	float64	Power-law spectral index
spectral_index_err_upper	float64	Upper statistical error on index
spectral_index_err_lower	float64	Lower statistical error on index
flux_7tev_sys_upper	float64	Upper systematic error on flux
flux_7tev_sys_lower	float64	Lower systematic error on flux
spectral_index_sys_upper	float64	Upper systematic error on index
spectral_index_sys_lower	float64	Lower systematic error on index
energy_range_min_tev	float64	Minimum energy of analysis range (TeV)
energy_range_max_tev	float64	Maximum energy of analysis range (TeV)

Quick stats

• 65 TeV gamma-ray sources
• 65 sources with TeVCat associations
• Median test statistic: 44.7
• Sky coverage: RA 83.6--337.0 deg, Dec -24.1--61.0 deg

Usage

from datasets import load_dataset

ds = load_dataset("juliensimon/hawc-tev-gamma-ray", split="train")
df = ds.to_pandas()

# Most significant detections
top = df.nlargest(10, "test_statistic")[["source_name", "test_statistic", "flux_7tev"]]
print(top.to_string(index=False))

# Sky map in galactic coordinates
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plt.figure(figsize=(12, 5))
plt.scatter(df["glon_deg"], df["glat_deg"], s=df["test_statistic"] / 5, alpha=0.6)
plt.xlabel("Galactic Longitude (deg)")
plt.ylabel("Galactic Latitude (deg)")
plt.title("3HWC Sources in Galactic Coordinates")
plt.gca().invert_xaxis()
plt.show()

# Spectral index distribution
df["spectral_index"].hist(bins=20)
plt.xlabel("Spectral Index")
plt.ylabel("Count")
plt.title("3HWC Spectral Index Distribution")
plt.show()

Data source

Albert, A. et al. (2020), 3HWC: The Third HAWC Catalog of Very-High-Energy Gamma-Ray Sources. The Astrophysical Journal, 905, 76. Via VizieR CDS (J/ApJ/905/76).

Pipeline

Source code: juliensimon/space-datasets

Citation

@dataset{hawc_tev_gamma_ray,
  author = {Simon, Julien},
  title = {3HWC HAWC TeV Gamma-Ray Source Catalog},
  year = {2026},
  publisher = {Hugging Face},
  url = {https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/hawc-tev-gamma-ray},
  note = {Based on Albert et al. (2020) via VizieR CDS}
}

License

CC-BY-4.0