Split (3)

train · 11.6k rows

question stringlengths 14 399	choices listlengths 4 4	answer_index int64 0 3	answer_text stringlengths 1 67	source stringclasses 1 value	explanation stringlengths 0 3.56k
What type of diseases do antibiotics not affect?	[ "animal stings", "autoimmune diseases", "cancer", "viruses" ]	3	viruses	sciq	Viruses are not affected by antibiotics. Several viral diseases can be treated with antiviral drugs or prevented with vaccines.
Which system carries out long-distance transport of materials between the root and shoot systems?	[ "circulatory tissue system", "perceptual tissue system", "reproductive tissue system", "vascular tissue system" ]	3	vascular tissue system	sciq
How do reptiles typically reproduce?	[ "asexually", "cloning", "live birth", "sexually" ]	3	sexually	sciq	Reptiles typically reproduce sexually and lay eggs.
All organisms must adapt to what in order to survive?	[ "conditions", "environment", "natural", "weather" ]	1	environment	sciq	All organisms must adapt to their environment in order to survive. This is true whether they live in water or on land. Most environments are not as extreme as the deep ocean where tube worms live. But they all have conditions that require adaptations. In this chapter, you will read about a wide variety of environments ...
Biochemical compounds that include sugars, starches, and cellulose are examples of what?	[ "carbohydrates", "electrolytes", "lipids", "proteins" ]	0	carbohydrates	sciq	Carbohydrates are biochemical compounds that include sugars, starches, and cellulose. They contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, and they are used mainly for energy by living things.
What emerges from an insect egg?	[ "cocoon", "fungi", "larva", "parasite" ]	2	larva	sciq	When an insect egg hatches, a larva emerges. The larva eats and grows and then enters the pupa stage. The pupa is immobile and may be encased in a cocoon . During the pupa stage, the insect goes through metamorphosis . Tissues and appendages of the larva break down and reorganize into the adult form. How did such an in...
What can protons and neutrons be broken down into?	[ "ions", "molecules", "quarks", "strings" ]	2	quarks	sciq	Today, scientists think that electrons truly are fundamental particles that cannot be broken down into smaller, simpler particles. They are a type of fundamental particles called leptons. Protons and neutrons, on the other hand, are no longer thought to be fundamental particles. Instead, they are now thought to consist...
What is the name of the stage of life when a child becomes sexually mature?	[ "adolescence", "growth spurt", "maturity", "puberty" ]	3	puberty	sciq	Puberty is the stage of life when a child becomes sexually mature. Puberty lasts from about 10 to 16 years of age in girls and from about 12 to 18 years of age in boys. In both girls and boys, puberty begins when the pituitary gland signals the gonads (ovaries or testes) to start secreting sex hormones (estrogen in gir...
What part of the brain is divided from front to back into the left and right hemispheres?	[ "cerebellum", "cerebrum", "medula oblongata", "thalmus" ]	1	cerebrum	sciq	The cerebrum is divided down the middle from the front to the back of the head. The two halves of the cerebrum are called the right and left hemispheres. The two hemispheres are very similar but not identical. They are connected to each other by a thick bundle of axons deep within the brain. These axons allow the two h...
Because their cells are arranged in bundles, the appearance of skeletal and cardiac muscles is described as what?	[ "cylindrical", "incised", "quadrant", "striated" ]	3	striated	sciq	http://zonalandeducation. com/mstm/physics/mechanics/vectors/introduction/introductionVectors. html.
What resource is considered nonrewable for human purposes, because it takes so long to form and is depleted by farming and other activities?	[ "acid", "soil", "sunshine", "water" ]	1	soil	sciq	Although renewable, soil takes a very long to form—up to hundreds of millions of years. So, for human purposes, soil is a nonrenewable resource. It is also constantly depleted of nutrients through careless use and eroded by wind and water. For example, misuse of soil caused a huge amount of it to simply blow away in th...
What in orange juice makes it taste sour?	[ "acetic acid", "amino acid", "carbonation", "citric acid" ]	3	citric acid	sciq	Some solutions have special properties because they are acids. Orange juice is an example. It contains an acid called citric acid. It makes orange juice taste sour. Some solutions are bases rather than acids.
What scientist created the modern system for classifying organisms?	[ "Bohr", "Newton", "Pasteur", "linnaeus" ]	3	linnaeus	sciq	Linnaeus published his classification system in the 1700s. Since then, many new species have been discovered. The biochemistry of many organisms has also become known. Eventually, scientists realized that Linnaeus’s system of classification needed revision.
What will be the effect to an organism if its homeostasis is not maintained?	[ "death or disease", "healthy mental state", "slow aging", "weight regulation" ]	0	death or disease	sciq	All of the organ systems of the body work together to maintain homeostasis of the organism. If homeostasis fails, death or disease may result.
Since warmer molecules have more energy, they are more what?	[ "abundant", "active", "dense", "inactive" ]	1	active	sciq	The density of air varies from place to place. Air density depends on several factors. One is temperature. Like other materials, warm air is less dense than cool air. Since warmer molecules have more energy, they are more active. The molecules bounce off each other and spread apart. Another factor that affects the dens...
If only blue light strikes green leaves what happens to it?	[ "it causes cooling", "it causes heating", "it is absorbed", "it is reflected" ]	2	it is absorbed	sciq	The color of light that strikes an object may also affect the color that the object appears. For example, if only blue light strikes green leaves, the blue light is absorbed and no light is reflected.
Which type of animal creates useful substances such as honey, wax, lacquer, and silk?	[ "bacteria", "fungus", "insects", "spiders" ]	2	insects	sciq	Insects produce useful substances, such as honey, wax, lacquer, and silk.
Stringed instruments can help show the relationship between tension and what in strings?	[ "frequencies", "lengths", "temperatures", "volumes" ]	0	frequencies	sciq	f 2 = v w / λ 2 = v w / 2L = 2 f 1 . Similarly, f 3 = 3 f 1 , and so on. All of these frequencies can be changed by adjusting the tension in the string. The greater the tension, the greater v w is and the higher the frequencies. This observation is familiar to anyone who has ever observed a string instrument being tune...
Ectotherms undergo a variety of changes at the cellular level to acclimatize to shifts in what?	[ "altitude", "density", "temperature", "volume" ]	2	temperature	sciq	There are 44 autosomes and 2 sex chromosomes in the human genome, for a total of 46 chromosomes (23 pairs). Sex chromosomes specify an organism's genetic sex. Humans can have two different sex chromosomes, one called X and the other Y. Normal females possess two X chromosomes and normal males one X and one Y. An autoso...
Convex lenses are thicker in the middle than at the edges so they cause rays of light to converge, or meet, at a point called what?	[ "focus", "the apex", "the base", "the center" ]	0	focus	sciq	Convex lenses are thicker in the middle than at the edges. They cause rays of light to converge, or meet, at a point called the focus (F). Convex lenses form either real or virtual images. It depends on how close an object is to the lens relative to the focus. Figure below shows how a convex lens works. You can also in...
What are magnesium carbonate, aluminum hydroxide, and sodium bicarbonate commonly used as?	[ "antacids", "antibiotics", "antidepressants", "salts" ]	0	antacids	sciq	Magnesium carbonate, aluminum hydroxide, and sodium bicarbonate are commonly used as antacids. Give the empirical formulas and determine the molar masses of these compounds. Based on their formulas, suggest another compound that might be an effective antacid. ♦ Nickel(II) acetate, lead(II) phosphate, zinc nitrate, and ...
What type of taste do bases normally have?	[ "bitter", "salty", "sour", "sweet" ]	0	bitter	sciq	Bases often have a bitter taste and are found in foods less frequently than acids. Many bases, like soaps, are slippery to the touch.
Which body part helps roundworm prevent their body from expanding?	[ "plate", "scales", "skin", "tough cuticle covering" ]	3	tough cuticle covering	sciq	Roundworms have a tough covering of cuticle on the surface of their body. It prevents their body from expanding. This allows the buildup of fluid pressure in their partial body cavity. The fluid pressure adds stiffness to the body. This provides a counterforce for the contraction of muscles, allowing roundworms to move...
The maintenance of constant conditions in the body is also known as what?	[ "consciousness", "homeostasis", "hypothesis", "mononucleosis" ]	1	homeostasis	sciq	Homeostasis, or the maintenance of constant conditions in the body, is a fundamental property of all living things. In the human body, the substances that participate in chemical reactions must remain within narrows ranges of concentration. Too much or too little of a single substance can disrupt your bodily functions....
What is the term for tough protein fibers that connects bones to each other?	[ "cords", "ligaments", "muscles", "tetons" ]	1	ligaments	sciq	Ligaments are made of tough protein fibers and connect bones to each other. Your bones, cartilage, and ligaments make up your skeletal system .
What is the study of macroscopic properties, atomic properties, and phenomena in chemical systems?	[ "differential chemistry", "molecular chemistry", "physical chemistry", "thermal chemistry" ]	2	physical chemistry	sciq	Physical chemistry is the study of macroscopic properties, atomic properties, and phenomena in chemical systems. A physical chemist may study such things as the rates of chemical reactions, the energy transfers that occur in reactions, or the physical structure of materials at the molecular level.
Bones, cartilage, and ligaments make up what anatomical system?	[ "Integumentary system", "Lymphatic system", "Muscular system", "skeletal system" ]	3	skeletal system	sciq	The skeletal system is made up of bones, cartilage, and ligaments. The skeletal system has many important functions in your body. What bones protect the heart and lungs? What protects the brain?.
What is the first part of the large intestine called?	[ "cecum", "colon", "duodenum", "jejunum" ]	0	cecum	sciq	Cecum The first part of the large intestine is the cecum, a sac-like structure that is suspended inferior to the ileocecal valve. It is about 6 cm (2.4 in) long, receives the contents of the ileum, and continues the absorption of water and salts. The appendix (or vermiform appendix) is a winding tube that attaches to t...
What occurs when nature reclaims areas formerly occupied by life?	[ "primary succession", "secondary succession", "tertiary succession", "typical succession" ]	1	secondary succession	sciq	Forest and Kim Starr (Flickr:Starr Environmental). Secondary succession occurs when nature reclaims areas formerly occupied by life . CC BY 2.0.
To solubilize the fats so that they can be absorbed, what organ secretes a fluid called bile into the small intestine?	[ "gall bladder", "small intestine", "spleen", "stomach" ]	0	gall bladder	sciq	A related mechanism allows us to absorb and digest the fats in buttered popcorn and French fries. To solubilize the fats so that they can be absorbed, the gall bladder secretes a fluid called bile into the small intestine. Bile contains a variety of bile salts, detergent-like molecules that emulsify the fats.
When the hemoglobin loses its oxygen, it changes to what color?	[ "bluish red", "grayish red", "light pink", "purple red" ]	0	bluish red	sciq	The structure of heme (Figure 19.29), the iron-containing complex in hemoglobin, is very similar to that in chlorophyll. In hemoglobin, the red heme complex is bonded to a large protein molecule (globin) by the attachment of the protein to the heme ligand. Oxygen molecules are transported by hemoglobin in the blood by ...
How are weather patterns formed?	[ "carbon dioxide", "pollution from planes", "the moon's gravitational pull", "uneven heating of the atmosphere" ]	3	uneven heating of the atmosphere	sciq	Weather refers to conditions of the atmosphere at a given time and place. It occurs because of unequal heating of the atmosphere. Humidity, clouds, and precipitation are important weather factors.
Boyle discovered that what property of a gas is inversely proportional to its volume?	[ "amount", "mass", "pressure", "temperature" ]	2	pressure	sciq	in a one-liter container (Figure 22.15). In this case, the force exerted by the movement of the gas molecules against the walls of the two-liter container is lower than the force exerted by the gas molecules in the one-liter container. Therefore, the pressure is lower in the two-liter container and higher in the one-li...
What amazing machines smash particles that are smaller than atoms into each other head-on?	[ "absorption accelerators", "nitrogen accelerators", "observant accelerators", "particle accelerators" ]	3	particle accelerators	sciq	Scientists have built machines called particle accelerators. These amazing tools smash particles that are smaller than atoms into each other head-on. This creates new particles. Scientists use particle accelerators to learn about nuclear fusion in stars. They can also learn about how atoms came together in the early un...
The interaction of what opposite factors describe a biome and ecosystem?	[ "abiotic and biotic", "hygroscopic and abiotic", "innate and biotic", "metastasis and biotic" ]	0	abiotic and biotic	sciq	The abiotic factors, such as the amount of rainfall and the temperature, are going to influence other abiotic factors, such as the quality of the soil. This, in turn, is going to influence the plants that migrate into the ecosystem and thrive in that biome. Recall that migration is the movement of an organism into or o...
What is caused by differences in density at the top and bottom of the ocean?	[ "deep currents", "flat currents", "shallow currents", "still water" ]	0	deep currents	sciq	Currents also flow deep below the surface of the ocean. Deep currents are caused by differences in density at the top and bottom. More dense water takes up less space than less dense water. It has the same mass but less volume. Water that is more dense sinks. Less dense water rises. What can make water more dense?.
What is the layer of tissue between the body and shell called?	[ "collagen", "cuticle", "epidermis", "mantle" ]	3	mantle	sciq	Mollusks have a hard outer shell. There is a layer of tissue called the mantle between the shell and the body.
Well suited to absorb water and dissolved minerals from the soil, thin-walled dermal cells and tiny hairs cover what basic plant structures?	[ "flowers", "leaves", "roots", "stems" ]	2	roots	sciq	Roots are covered with thin-walled dermal cells and tiny root hairs. These features are well suited to absorb water and dissolved minerals from the soil.
What is the major artery of the body, taking oxygenated blood to the organs and muscles of the body?	[ "aorta", "capillary", "carotid", "diastolic" ]	0	aorta	sciq	The Heart The heart is a complex muscle that consists of two pumps: one that pumps blood through pulmonary circulation to the lungs, and the other that pumps blood through systemic circulation to the rest of the body’s tissues (and the heart itself). The heart is asymmetrical, with the left side being larger than the r...
What do you call a growing mass of cancerous cells that pushes into nearby tissues?	[ "bacteria", "calcium", "pallet", "tumor" ]	3	tumor	sciq	Lung cancer is a disease in which the cells found in the lungs grow out of control. The growing mass of cells can form a tumor that pushes into nearby tissues. The tumor will affect how these tissues work. Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related death in men, and the second most common in women. It is re...
What is the major intracellular cation?	[ "glucose", "magnesium", "potassium", "sodium" ]	2	potassium	sciq	Potassium Potassium is the major intracellular cation. It helps establish the resting membrane potential in neurons and muscle fibers after membrane depolarization and action potentials. In contrast to sodium, potassium has very little effect on osmotic.
The enzyme pepsin plays an important role in the digestion of proteins by breaking down intact protein to what short-chain amino acids?	[ "lipids", "peptides", "proteins", "protons" ]	1	peptides	sciq	Protein A large part of protein digestion takes place in the stomach. The enzyme pepsin plays an important role in the digestion of proteins by breaking down the intact protein to peptides, which are short chains of four to nine amino acids. In the duodenum, other enzymes— trypsin, elastase, and chymotrypsin—act on the...
What remains a constant of radioactive substance over time?	[ "acidity", "rate of decay", "temperature", "volatility" ]	1	rate of decay	sciq	The rate of decay of a radioactive substance is constant over time.
Terrestrial ecosystems, also known for their diversity, are grouped into large categories called what?	[ "biomes", "bisomes", "monomes", "substrates" ]	0	biomes	sciq	Terrestrial ecosystems, also known for their diversity, are grouped into large categories called biomes. A biome is a largescale community of organisms, primarily defined on land by the dominant plant types that exist in geographic regions of the planet with similar climatic conditions. Examples of biomes include tropi...
High explosives create shock waves that exceed the speed of sound, a phenomenon that goes by what term?	[ "ion speed", "light speed", "supersonic", "turbulence" ]	2	supersonic	sciq	The modern day formulation of gun powder is called black powder. It is still commonly used today. Its formulation is still quite similar to what was used in 9 th century China. Black powder is considered a low explosive. It is a mixture that burns quickly, but the resulting shock wave travels at subsonic speeds. The sp...
What do you call a structure composed of two or more types of tissues that work together to do a specific task?	[ "cell", "marrow", "organ", "system" ]	2	organ	sciq	An organ is a structure composed of two or more types of tissues that work together to do a specific task. Most modern plants have several organs that help them survive and reproduce in a variety of habitats. Major organs of most plants include roots, stems, and leaves. These and other plant organs generally contain al...

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