Datasets:

jamus0702
/

mix_summarize_lecture_dataset

source stringclasses 3 values	input stringlengths 181 3.66k	output stringlengths 31 996	input_words int64 30 380	output_words int64 5 128	compression_ratio float64 0.05 4.27
scientific_lay_summarisation-elife-norm	Chronic itch remains a highly prevalent disorder with limited treatment options. Most chronic itch diseases are thought to be driven by both the nervous and immune systems, but the fundamental molecular and cellular interactions that trigger the development of itch and the acute-to-chronic itch transition remain unknow...	Chronic itch is a debilitating disorder that can last for months or years. Eczema, or atopic dermatitis, is the most common cause for chronic itch, affecting one in ten people worldwide. Many treatments for the condition are ineffective, and the exact cause of the disease is unknown, but many different types of cells a...	380	128	0.3368
dialogsum	#Person1#: I'm going for a walk, Yi-jun. I need some time to myself. #Person2#: Don't you want to go to the visiting hours? This sheet says they are tonight. #Person1#: I just can't right now. Everyone will be talking about Taylor and. . . #Person2#: . . . and maybe that's what we both need. #Person1#: I need to come t...	#Person1# needs #Person1#'s own time to grip with Taylor's death first. Yi comforts #Person1#.	100	14	0.14
pubmed-summarization	program . the email provided a colorful picture of the face of a woman , underneath the email was composed of four sections labelled what we are about , past participants have said , incentives to participate , and link to sign up . the what we are about section highlighted that this was a program for undergraduate wom...	abstractthe objective of this study getting individuals to participate in eating disorder prevention programs is difficult yet crucial for dissemination efforts . little research has investigated what incentive strategies can be particularly efficacious , and even less is published on their cost - effectiveness . the f...	380	128	0.3368
dialogsum	#Person1#: Do you know who's just got married? Old Mc Donald. #Person2#: Never! He's over 80, isn't he? #Person1#: He's nearly 90. #Person2#: Good gracious! Are you sure? #Person1#: I am. Whatsmore, his wife is 84. #Person2#: Is she really? #Person1#: Yes, she is. And guess what, he is her sixth husband. #Person2#: Rea...	#Person1# tells #Person2# that Old Mc Donald got married. He is nearly 90 and his wife is 84. Old Mc Donald is her sixth husband.	59	25	0.4237
dialogsum	#Person1#: We have made some adjustment on the prices. And this is renewed price list. #Person2#: Thank you for allowing us 3 % reduction, but still we find your price is on the high side. #Person1#: This is our rock-bottom price, and we can't make any further reduction. #Person2#: If so, we find it difficult for us to...	#Person1#'s price and #Person2#'s counter-offer have a great difference. They agree to meet each other half-way to conclude the business.	124	20	0.1613
dialogsum	#Person1#: I'd like to buy a flight ticket for this afternoon. #Person2#: Alright. To Washington or to New York? #Person1#: To New York, please. #Person2#: I'm sorry. the tickets to New York for this afternoon have been sold out, but we still have some left for this evening. #Person1#: For this evening? I'm not used to...	#Person2# helps #Person1# buy a flight ticket the next morning because the tickets for this afternoon are sold out and #Person1# thinks traveling at night is dangerous.	123	27	0.2195
dialogsum	#Person1#: A : Look at this survey conducted by a website. A quarter of the employees will spend an average of 10 minutes everyday online doing personal things. Hi, Francis, what about you? #Person2#: Well, I just spend 15 minutes as so checking my stock bonds and booking an air ticket for my mother. Anyway, I have don...	Both #Person1# and Francis surf online doing personal things. They think the boss won't like them to do so.	134	19	0.1418
scientific_lay_summarisation-elife-norm	The integrated stress response (ISR) attenuates the rate of protein synthesis while inducing expression of stress proteins in cells. Various insults activate kinases that phosphorylate the GTPase eIF2 leading to inhibition of its exchange factor eIF2B. Vanishing White Matter (VWM) is a neurological disease caused by eI...	Cells must be able to respond to their changing environment in order to survive. When cells encounter particularly unfavorable conditions, they often react by activating a so-called ‘stress’ response. A group of proteins collectively known as eIF2B helps to regulate this response. In a severe neurological condition cal...	380	128	0.3368
dialogsum	#Person1#: Mm. . . How do I get this ticket machine to work? #Person2#: Well first put your money in. #Person1#: Ok, I'Ve done that. #Person2#: Then just press this button. #Person1#: Oh it's printed the ticket already. Thank you very much. #Person2#: You're welcome.	#Person2# tells #Person1# how to use the ticket machine.	45	9	0.2
dialogsum	#Person1#: How's the bride-to-be? #Person2#: Tired and stressed. This wedding is giving me a headache. #Person1#: Just relax. With me as your maid of honor, everything will be fine! #Person2#: I'm worried that everything will be chaotic! #Person1#: Hey! I'm the tour guide. I'll take care of the Taiwanese guests. #Perso...	The bride-to-be is tired and stressed about the wedding. #Person1# comforts her.	71	12	0.169
scientific_lay_summarisation-elife-norm	Regulation of cell wall assembly is essential for bacterial survival and contributes to pathogenesis and antibiotic tolerance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). However, little is known about how the cell wall is regulated in stress. We found that CwlM, a protein homologous to peptidoglycan amidases, coordinates pept...	Bacterial cells are surrounded by a protective cell wall. Some bacteria, including the species Mycobacterium tuberculosis that causes tuberculosis, have the ability to change the properties of their cell wall when exposed to stressful conditions. These changes may also help the bacteria to resist the antibiotics used t...	380	128	0.3368
dialogsum	#Person1#: Oh Gush! The first day of my career is over. I can not breathe now after dealing with so many documents. But I heard the notice that our company will hold two-week staff training. #Person2#: Stop fussing! It is said that the training is important for our newcomers. And my company also informs me to attend th...	#Person1# complains that staff training is a waste of time. #Person2# disagrees and talks about the advantages of the training.	130	20	0.1538
dialogsum	#Person1#: Hey Mike. What are you doing tonight? #Person2#: Nothing planned. How about you? #Person1#: Work is kicking my ass. I'm so stressed. Let's go grab a drink. #Person2#: I'm always up for a drink. To tell you the truth, it's been quite stressful here too. #Person1#: I say we get drunk tonight. I don't want to t...	#Person1# and #Person2# are stressed. #Person1# suggests grabbing a drink to forget about work.	90	14	0.1556
dialogsum	#Person1#: Oh, hey, Keri! You cook, right! You're a pretty good cook. #Person2#: I'm OK. #Person1#: I want to make an omelet, so actually this is really silly, I've never made one before. How do you make an omelet? #Person2#: Well, I can teach you how I make them, which is the same way my father and grandmother make th...	Keri teaches #Person1# how to make an omelet which is a little special in detail.	249	15	0.0602
dialogsum	#Person1#: Excuse me, Professor. I have to talk to you about why my homework didn't get done. #Person2#: What happened that you didn't get it done? #Person1#: I had to watch a football game instead. #Person2#: Well, you had more than one day ; couldn't you have fit it in on another day? #Person1#: Yes, I think so. #Per...	#Person1# didn't finish the homework because #Person1# watched a football game. The professor allows #Person1# to turn the make-up in and warns that it cannot happen again if #Person1# wants an 'A'.	118	32	0.2712
dialogsum	#Person1#: Hi, Sarah. What's up? #Person2#: Oh, hi, I just got out of a history class. I had to give a presentation. #Person1#: How did it go? #Person2#: Terribly. I'm sure I made a fool of myself. #Person1#: Why? Weren't you prepared? #Person2#: No, it was not that. I just get so embarrassed and nervous whenever I hav...	Sarah tells #Person1# she thinks her presentation is terrible because she was nervous and blushed in front of people. #Person1# says it's not so bad and advises her to forget about the people. They then talk about the psychological reasons for blushing and a friend of #Person1# who blushes easily.	268	50	0.1866
scientific_lay_summarisation-elife-norm	pathways can also promote survival in response to therapy. For instance, a population of cells called drug-tolerant persisters has been shown to survive therapy through epigenetic adaptations (Sharma et al. , 2010). Additionally, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition has been shown to promote cell survival in response t...	Breast cancer is the second-leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women. Recurrence of breast-cancer five or more years after initial diagnosis and treatment causes more than half of these deaths. This suggests that some tumor cells survived treatment and persisted undetected. These residual tumor cells may not gro...	380	128	0.3368
dialogsum	#Person1#: Hi, Monica, I got big news. #Person2#: You got a raise? #Person1#: Not really, just take a wild guess. #Person2#: You got promoted? #Person1#: Well, it is not going to happen so soon, I guess. #Person2#: You won a lottery? Don't beat around the bush, just tell me, please. #Person1#: Ok, I lost 5 pounds.	Monica is guessing #Person1#'s big news which is #Person1# lost weight.	56	11	0.1964
pubmed-summarization	. the main feature of the sets panel is the list of currently defined sets . each set can be expanded to see all of the nodes or edges within that set , and context menus provide the ability to select , deselect , rename , or remove sets . when multiple sets are selected , the set operations buttons are enabled . this ...	setsapp ( ) is a relatively simple cytoscape 3 app for users to handle groups of nodes and/or edges . it supports several important biological workflows and enables various set operations . setsapp provides basic tools to create sets of nodes or edges , import or export sets , and perform standard set operations ( unio...	380	98	0.2579
dialogsum	#Person1#: Thank you for lending me the book. #Person2#: Sure. But it's a very difficult one, you need to have a dictionary at your elbow. #Person1#: But I'm not used to looking up every new word when I'm reading a novel. I only look up the most necessary ones.	#Person2# lends a book to #Person1# and thinks reading this difficult book demands a dictionary.	49	15	0.3061
dialogsum	#Person1#: I am really impressed with your presentation skills. #Person2#: Thank you. I have been working on it for several years. #Person1#: Well, your time has been well spent! #Person2#: It also helps that I have strong team members, such as yourself. You really know your stuff! #Person1#: Thanks, but I have to admi...	#Person1# prizes #Person2#'s presentation skills, and #Person2# thanks team members' help.	60	11	0.1833
dialogsum	#Person1#: Maybe it was the fish or meat we ate. #Person2#: Yes, it might have been. #Person1#: Or the soup. #Person2#: No, it couldn't have been the soup because I didn't have any. #Person1#: Of course. We sat in the sun for a long time. I suppose it could have been the sun. #Person2#: Yes, it might have been. But we'...	#Person1# and #Person2# are discussing the possible cause of their illness. They finally find out it's the unwashed pears.	123	19	0.1545
scientific_lay_summarisation-elife-norm	The diverse transcriptional mechanisms governing cellular differentiation and development of mammalian tissue remains poorly understood. Here we report that TAF7L, a paralogue of TFIID subunit TAF7, is enriched in adipocytes and white fat tissue (WAT) in mouse. Depletion of TAF7L reduced adipocyte-specific gene express...	The development of a single fertilized egg into a highly complex animal is determined by its genome, with a process called differential gene regulation exerting exquisite control over gene expression to ensure that various specialized cells are generated and that many types of tissue are produced. However, the mechanis...	380	128	0.3368
pubmed-summarization	spleen of unknown pathology , splenectomy was offered to the patient . she underwent uneventful laparoscopic hand - assisted splenectomy 6 weeks after presentation to the ed . she continued to have an uneventful recovery on follow - up with no recurrence of painful symptoms . 4 ) , it weighed 404 g , and was 17 11 5 cm...	highlightssplenic tumors are not common , many can have minimal to no symptoms , and they can be found incidentally.splenic tumors can be primary or metastatic . they can be benign or malignant.splenic cysts can be infectious , traumatic or congenital.epidermoid splenic cysts may not always present in a classic fashion...	380	68	0.1789
dialogsum	#Person1#: Why don't you come round for a meal one evening next week? #Person2#: I'd love to. #Person1#: Which day would suit you? #Person2#: Any day except Tuesday. #Person1#: How about Thursday? #Person2#: Yes, Thursday would be fine. What time shall I come? #Person1#: Oh, about 6:00. Will that be OK? #Person2#: Yes,...	#Person1# invites #Person2# to have a meal and #Person2# agrees.	65	10	0.1538
dialogsum	#Person1#: What do you think this flat? #Person2#: It's not really all that good. The bedroom is a little small for us. #Person1#: Small? But it should be enough for our needs, I think. #Person2#: But there's no hot water after 10 at night. Sometimes I like to have a hot shower before bed, especially in the winter, it ...	#Person2# doesn't think the flat is really all that good. #Person1# thinks it should be enough for their needs with some new furniture.	144	23	0.1597
scientific_lay_summarisation-elife-norm	Bacterial mRNAs are organized into operons consisting of discrete open reading frames (ORFs) in a single polycistronic mRNA. Individual ORFs on the mRNA are differentially translated, with rates varying as much as 100-fold. The signals controlling differential translation are poorly understood. Our genome-wide mRNA sec...	Proteins make up much of the biological machinery inside cells and perform the essential tasks needed to keep each cell alive. Cells contain thousands of different proteins and the instructions needed to build each protein are encoded in genes. However, these instructions cannot be used directly to manufacture the prot...	380	128	0.3368
scientific_lay_summarisation-elife-norm	al. , 2004), suggesting that the activation of reward circuits during sleep influences neural plasticity. Further, within the rat hippocampus, the firing patterns of CA1 and CA3 neurons encode the high or low reward outcome of items in an associative memory task (Mckenzie et al. , 2014). In humans, at wake, the activat...	Fresh memories are strengthened while we sleep. However, we don’t remember every detail of our daily life experiences. Instead, it is essential that we retain information that promotes our survival, such as what we call" rewards" (including food, money or sex) and dangers that we should avoid. Igloi et al. sought to fi...	380	128	0.3368
scientific_lay_summarisation-elife-norm	of the same species, have functionally diverged from each other and occupy distinct ecological niches (Chesson, 2000; Bittleston et al. , 2019). The genomic flexibility of bacteria facilitates adaptation to different nutrients, provided in the diet or by the host (Berasategui et al. , 2017; Martens et al. , 2008), or r...	Microbes colonize nearly every environment on Earth, from the ocean and soil to the inner and outer surfaces of animals, such as the gut or skin. They form communities that are usually made up of a diverse range of bacteria, often containing closely related species – a key factor for a successful community. But closely...	380	128	0.3368
dialogsum	#Person1#: Hi, Bill. It's Marsha Black at MPPD Ltd. How are you? #Person2#: Hello, Marsha, I haven't heard from you in a long time. I'm great, and you? #Person1#: Not too bad at all. Do you have a minute? #Person2#: Sure, what can I do for you? #Person1#: We're getting ready to place our Christmas orders and we need to...	Marsha Black is getting ready to place the Christmas orders and needs to know about how much it's going to run this year. Bill will give her a ballpark in writing tomorrow around noon.	216	34	0.1574
pubmed-summarization	of the system . the four - momentum of a particle is denoted by p , a = 0 , 1 , 2 , 3 . since all particles have equal rest mass , the four - momentum for each particle is restricted to the mass shell , ppa = m = 1 . thus , by denoting the three - momentum by p , p may be written p = ( p , p ) , where \documentclass[12...	the main purpose of this article is to provide a guide to theorems on global properties of solutions to the einstein - vlasov system . this system couples einstein s equations to a kinetic matter model . kinetic theory has been an important field of research during several decades in which the main focus has been on no...	380	128	0.3368
dialogsum	#Person1#: Good afternoon, Mrs. White. #Person2#: Good afternoon, Mr. Black. Haven't seen you for a long time. Can I help you? #Person1#: Can I see Mr. Cooper, your manager now? #Person2#: Let me see if he is free. Would you please sit down and wait for a moment? #Person1#: All right. #Person2#: The manager will come t...	Mr. Black wants to see Mr. Cooper and Mrs. White arranges the meeting.	73	13	0.1781
dialogsum	#Person1#: The fried shrimp is crunchy! But my mom will never cook shrimp this way. She always says that fried food is not healthy. #Person2#: How does she cook the shrimp? #Person1#: She often cooks it in a large pan of boiling water. #Person2#: I don't like that. I like fried food, fried potatoes, fried chicken, frie...	#Person1# likes fried food and #Person2# invites #Person1# to cook some fried food by themselves, but #Person1# is afraid that mom will become angry about it.	155	26	0.1677
pubmed-summarization	periodontitis is a multifactorial chronic inflammatory disease characterized by destruction of tooth - supporting tissues . the progression of periodontal destruction involves complex interaction between periodontal bacteria and cells of immune system . the complex cytokine network that mediates the immune response inc...	objectives : statins are the group of lipid - lowering drugs commonly used to control cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases . statins have potential anti - inflammatory effect by blocking the intermediate metabolites of the mevalonate pathway . the objective of this study was to evaluate the anti - inflammatory e...	380	128	0.3368
scientific_lay_summarisation-elife-norm	responses of DA neurons to events that were better or worse than expected led to the formulation of the reward prediction error hypothesis of DA signaling (Montague et al. , 1996; Schultz, 1998). Subsequent experiments have confirmed that phasic DA responses are sensitive to reward magnitude (Tobler et al. , 2005), rew...	To survive and thrive, animals must learn to approach cues in their environment that are likely to lead to a desirable outcome and avoid those that might lead them to harm. A group of brain regions known as the midbrain dopamine system helps many animals to achieve this. Dopamine is the brain’s reward signal. Cues that...	380	128	0.3368
dialogsum	#Person1#: I ' m taking BA fright 123 to London. Can you tell me where the reporting desk is, please? #Person2#: Yes, Madam. The reporting desk for the British Airway's flight to London is over there. #Person1#: Thank you so much. Is this the desk for BA flight 123 to London? #Person2#: Yes, this is the right desk. Hav...	#Person2# guides #Person1# to weigh her suitcase and tells her to go to the departure lounge for BA flight 123 to London.	124	22	0.1774
scientific_lay_summarisation-elife-norm	Efficient detection and reaction to negative signals in the environment is essential for survival. In social situations, these signals are often ambiguous and can imply different levels of threat for the observer, thereby making their recognition susceptible to contextual cues – such as gaze direction when judging faci...	Facial expressions can communicate important social signals, and understanding these signals can be essential for surviving threatening situations. Past studies have identified changes to brain activity and behavior in response to particular social threats, but it is not clear how the brain processes information from t...	380	128	0.3368
scientific_lay_summarisation-elife-norm	2018). Topographically, a neural dedifferentiation is suggested to take place in the older brain: In young macaques, the neuronal response to the inter-stimulus interval in primary field A1 and caudolateral belt area (CL) differs in that A1 neurons have shorter response latencies. In aged animals, however, no differenc...	It can often be difficult for an older person to understand what someone is saying, particularly in noisy environments. Exactly how and why this age-related change occurs is not clear, but it is thought that older individuals may become less able to tune in to certain features of sound. Newer tools are making it easier...	380	128	0.3368
dialogsum	#Person1#: In foreign trade, language differences are very important. #Person2#: Yes. If people can not communicate with each other easily, they can not understand each other's way of thinking. #Person1#: Fortunately, there is a widely-spoken commercial language, namely English. #Person2#: Many exporters speak French a...	#Person1# and #Person2# are talking about language differences that contain the nation's culture, view of life, way of thinking, and are very important in foreign trade.	131	26	0.1985
pubmed-summarization	( thpt ) hyperparathyroidism . such patients have persistent stimulation of the parathyroid glands secondary to abnormalities in the metabolism of calcium , phosphorus , and vitamin d , resulting in multigland parathyroid hyperplasia . they have an inherently high risk of disease recurrence if a subtotal parathyroidect...	the risk of permanent hypoparathyroidism following thyroid and parathyroid surgery is around 1% in the hands of experienced endocrine surgeons . although this complication is rare , rendering a patient permanently aparathyroid has significant consequences on the health and quality of life of the patient . immediate aut...	380	128	0.3368
dialogsum	#Person1#: Do you want to hear a funny joke? #Person2#: OK. Are you sure it's funny, though? #Person1#: Well, you'll see. #Person2#: OK. #Person1#: OK, an Englishman, a Scotsman, and an Irishman were going on a trip across the desert, and they could only take one thing with them. #Person2#: I see. #Person1#: So they me...	#Person1# tells #Person2# a joke that three men were crossing the desert and they could only take one thing. The Englishman brought some water; the Scotsman brought a map, and the Irishman brought a car door to open when hot.	191	40	0.2094
pubmed-summarization	material ( iomeprol , imeron 350 , iodine content 350 mg / ml ; bracco altana pharma , konstanz , germany ) followed by a 50-ml saline chaser was used . after administration of 80140 ml of contrast material individually adjusted to the selected table feed and scan range at a rate of 46 ml / s followed by a 50-ml saline...	objectivediabetic patients have a high prevalence of coronary artery disease ( cad ) , but timely diagnosis of cad remains challenging . we assessed the ability of coronary computed tomography angiography ( ccta ) to detect cad in diabetic patients and to predict subsequent cardiac events.research design and methodswe ...	380	128	0.3368
pubmed-summarization	of acquired os odontoideum indicates , that occult fractures with subsequent avascular necrosis might result in similar pathology . orahilly et al . studied the cervical spine of 8-weeks - old human embryos and observed that axis consists morphologically of three parts . two rostral parts form the odontoid process and ...	we report on the case of a 15-year - old adolescent who presented with a transient paraplegia and hyposensibility of the upper extremities after sustaining a minor hyperflexion trauma to the cervical spine . neuroimaging studies revealed atlantoaxial dislocation and ventral compression of the rostral spinal cord with i...	380	128	0.3368
pubmed-summarization	women have relatively weak neck muscles , which can be a primary cause of chronic fatigue syndrome related to the muscular system , resulting in higher risk of chronic neck pain1 . in relation to pain a study by fisher found that 62% of women wear heels that are over 5 cm , and the ones who enjoy wearing high heels are...	[ purpose ] the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different height of high heels on muscle activation of the paraspinalis cervicis and erector spinae in healthy young women . [ subjects and methods ] thirteen healthy women were recruited in this study . to examine the effects of different heights ...	380	128	0.3368
dialogsum	#Person1#: What a beautiful watch. It goes very well with your ring. #Person2#: Thank you. #Person1#: Is that your wedding ring? #Person2#: I'm not married yet. It's my engagement ring. #Person1#: Well, congratulations. When is the big date? #Person2#: In June. #Person1#: Did you have the watch before getting the ring?...	#Person1# thinks #Person2#'s watch is beautiful and goes well with #Person2#'s engagement ring. #Person2# tells #Person1# the watch is a Tag Heuer and costs $1500.	147	25	0.1701
scientific_lay_summarisation-elife-norm	During infection, pathogens are starved of essential nutrients such as iron and tryptophan by host immune effectors. Without conserved global stress response regulators, how the obligate intracellular bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis arrives at a physiologically similar ‘persistent’ state in response to starvation of ei...	All forms of life must take up nutrients from their environment to survive. Chlamydia trachomatis, a bacterium that causes many sexually-transmitted infections, is no exception. These bacteria do not normally make one of the building blocks of proteins, the amino acid tryptophan, but instead scavenge it from their huma...	380	128	0.3368
dialogsum	#Person1#: John, do you have a minute? #Person2#: Oh, hi, Leo. Sure, what's up? #Person1#: Well, I've been meaning to talk to you about the situation in the office. #Person2#: But I'm not in there very often. It's so noisy that I can't work. #Person1#: That's exactly what I'm getting at. We're supposed to be able to do...	Both John and Leo feel that the office is noisy since Jack constantly has students coming in to ask for help. They decide to recommend Jack to use the storage room down the hall.	194	34	0.1753
dialogsum	#Person1#: Good morning, Linda. How have you been? #Person2#: Pretty bad. I've had a bad cold for three days and still can't get rid of it. #Person1#: I'm sorry to hear that. Is there anything else I can do? #Person2#: No, thanks. #Person1#: Well, I hope you'll feel better soon. #Person2#: Thank you for your concern.	Linda has had a bad cold and #Person1# shows concern.	56	10	0.1786
scientific_lay_summarisation-elife-norm	or MAPT elicit neurodegeneration in model organisms, whereas suppressing their levels appears to be neuroprotective (Dauer et al. , 2002; Ishihara et al. , 1999; Jackson et al. , 2002; Rapoport et al. , 2002; Rockenstein et al. , 2002; Wittmann, 2001). Given the brain’s sensitivity to the dosage of either of these prot...	Behind many neurodegenerative diseases are specific proteins that abnormally accumulate inside neurons and damage the cells. In Parkinson’s disease, the protein alpha-synuclein accumulates; in Alzheimer’s disease, the protein tau is one of the toxic culprits; and in other neurodegenerative diseases, alpha-synuclein and...	380	128	0.3368
dialogsum	#Person1#: Are you being served, Sir? #Person2#: No, not yet. I just want to hair cut. #Person1#: Would you sit here, please? How would you like it cut? #Person2#: I want it short. #Person1#: What, your short already, sir. #Person2#: I mean very short. shorter than it's now. #Person1#: Should I just trim it? #Person2#:...	#Person2# wants to cut his hair very short in Chinese style. #Person1# does it for him. #Person2# is satisfied.	125	19	0.152
dialogsum	#Person1#: Do you think you can take me to the Grand Hotel in 30 minutes? #Person2#: It depends. If the traffic isn't too heavy... Anyhow, I'll try my best. You've got enough time. #Person1#: How much should I pay? #Person2#: $12.75, please. #Person1#: Thanks a lot. Here's $15. Give me $1.00 back, please.	#Person2# tries the best to take #Person1# to the Grand Hotel.	53	11	0.2075
scientific_lay_summarisation-elife-norm	Copy number alterations (CNAs) play an important role in molding the genomes of breast cancers and have been shown to be clinically useful for prognostic and therapeutic purposes. However, our knowledge of intra-tumoral genetic heterogeneity of this important class of somatic alterations is limited. Here, using single-...	Cells in the body remain healthy by tightly preventing and repairing random changes, or mutations, in their genetic material. In cancer cells, however, these mechanisms can break down. When these cells grow and multiply, they can then go on to accumulate many mutations. As a result, cancer cells in the same tumor can e...	380	128	0.3368
scientific_lay_summarisation-elife-norm	activate L-cone photoreceptors (1A, B; — 2). 10. 7554/eLife. 08033. 003Figure 1. Asymmetric nonlinear rod-cone interactions. (A) Diagram of the retinal circuits that convey rod- and cone-generated signals to the brain. Dim short-wavelength light preferentially activates rod photoreceptors whereas long-wavelength light ...	The inner surface at the back of the eye is called the retina and contains two types of light-sensitive cells: rod cells and cone cells. Rods outnumber cones by roughly twenty to one and are responsible for vision under low light levels. Cone cells, by contrast, provide detailed vision in bright light, as well as the a...	380	128	0.3368
scientific_lay_summarisation-elife-norm	the lymphocytes and BECs. During inflammation BECs upregulate the expression of the adhesion molecules Inter-Cellular Adhesion Molecule (ICAM) −1, Vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM) −1 and Activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM), which are necessary for the firm adhesion of lymphocytes to the endothelium...	The blood vessels in the brain help to control the entry of nutrients, cells and waste products into and out of the brain. In doing so, they create a protective barrier between the blood and the brain known as the blood-brain barrier. However, this barrier loses its protective function in individuals with multiple scle...	380	128	0.3368
pubmed-summarization	gaa tgt gca ggt ttg tta cat agg ( antisense ) for rb1(rs9568036 ) and cat cac acc ctc agc atc tc ( sense ) , gcc tgg tca gga gct tat tt ( antisense ) for tp53 ( rs1042522 ) ) and 1.2 l blood lysate . high - resolution melt ( hrm ) analysis , which is based on the characterization of the pcr products according the disso...	purposeto determine the frequency and association of polymorphisms in the tp53 and rb1 genes with clinical characteristics in a group of children with retinoblastoma ( rb ) in northern mexico.methodsa prospective , longitudinal , and analytical study of 11 patients diagnosed with rb was conducted . endpoint pcr and hig...	380	128	0.3368
dialogsum	#Person1#: Would you please bring me the black suit? I want to try it on. #Person2#: Here you are. #Person1#: I think this suit fits perfectly. #Person2#: Yes, I think so. The suit matches the trousers. #Person1#: It's fine. Please wrap it.	#Person2# assists #Person1# in buying a black suit.	42	8	0.1905
dialogsum	#Person1#: What's wrong with you? #Person2#: I have a sore throat and headache. #Person1#: Do you feel tired? #Person2#: Yes, my whole body feels weak. And I really feel terrible. #Person1#: I'm sorry to hear that. I'll have to examine you. #Person2#: Ok, go ahead. #Person1#: Open your mouth and show me your tongue. Sa...	#Person1# examines #Person2# and says #Person2# has a cold.	72	9	0.125
dialogsum	#Person1#: What are your weekend arrangements? #Person2#: There are many things I can do on weekends. #Person1#: What sort of things are you interested in? #Person2#: I'm keen on taking short trips to nearby scenic spots with friends. #Person1#: Good, I love swimming and cycling. #Person2#: That's great. I think they d...	#Person1# asks about #Person2#'s weekend arrangements and they talk about their hobbies. #Person2# likes short trips and dancing. #Person1# loves swimming, cycling, and going to the beach.	107	27	0.2523
scientific_lay_summarisation-elife-norm	Planarians regenerate all body parts after injury, including the central nervous system (CNS). We capitalized on this distinctive trait and completed a gene expression-guided functional screen to identify factors that regulate diverse aspects of neural regeneration in Schmidtea mediterranea. Our screen revealed molecul...	Animals differ in the extent to which they can regenerate missing body parts after injury. Humans regenerate poorly after many injuries, especially when the brain becomes damaged after stroke, disease or trauma. On the other hand, planarians – small worms that live in fresh water – regenerate exceptionally well. A whol...	380	128	0.3368
dialogsum	#Person1#: Hi, Monica, how is everything going? #Person2#: Everything goes well, but I am thinking about quitting my current job. #Person1#: Why? You ' re not satisfied anymore? #Person2#: I just sense. But I cannot grow anymore. My boss is not really supporting me. I am interested in some positions in other JV compani...	Monica is thinking about quitting her current job. #Person1# agrees that Monica should do some research before she sends her application letters out.	113	23	0.2035
dialogsum	#Person1#: Good afternoon, may I help you? #Person2#: I have booked a table for 3 this evening. I would like to cancel it. #Person1#: May I have your name, please? #Person2#: Sure. Brown, Mike Brown. and we have reserved a table next to the door. #Person1#: Yes, I see. We will cancel your order.	#Person2# helps Brown cancel the reservation because Brown has reserved another table.	54	12	0.2222
dialogsum	#Person1#: Bob, you're so lucky that you've come at the right time-the 2005 International Tourism Festival is around the corner. #Person2#: We've heard about that festival before. It would be quite helpful if you could give us some highlights of the festival. #Person1#: My pleasure. Well, the festival is going to start...	Bob introduces the 2005 international tourism festival to #Person1# and gives #Person1# some highlights about the attractions. #Person1# decides to go to the Wild Animal Park.	182	26	0.1429
dialogsum	#Person1#: Excuse me. Could you help me? #Person2#: Certainly. What can I do for you? #Person1#: I'm looking for a leather belt for my husband. #Person2#: Do you know what size he wears? #Person1#: Size 36. . . I think. #Person2#: And what color would you like? #Person1#: Dark brown,if you have it. #Person2#: Okay. Let...	#Person1# helps #Person2# to choose a size 36 dark brown leather belt for #Person2#'s husband and #Person2# buys it by cash.	121	21	0.1736
dialogsum	#Person1#: Are you going to watch the Indy Five Hundred on TV this weekend? #Person2#: I'm not really into racecar driving. #Person1#: You were when we were in high school. That, and baseball. #Person2#: Yeah, well, times change. Look at you-you're a father now. You can't say that you haven't changed. #Person1#: True, ...	#Person1# is surprised at Taylor whose hobbies have changed a lot since high school.	90	14	0.1556
dialogsum	#Person1#: Hello. Is Vanessa there? #Person2#: Yes. This is Vanessa. #Person1#: Hi, Vanessa. I'm Don. I'm calling from Seller's Market. Are you still interested in a position as a cashier? #Person2#: Yes. Is the position available now? #Person1#: Yes, it is. Please come to see me tomorrow afternoon at 2 00 for a job in...	Don calls Vanessa to take the job interview as a cashier tomorrow afternoon.	76	13	0.1711
scientific_lay_summarisation-elife-norm	al. , 2016; Peelle and Davis, 2012; Schroeder and Lakatos, 2009; Schroeder et al. , 2008; van Wassenhove, 2013; Zion Golumbic et al. , 2013a). While this model predicts the visual enhancement of speech encoding in challenging multisensory environments, the network organization of multisensory speech encoding remains un...	When listening to someone in a noisy environment, such as a cocktail party, we can understand the speaker more easily if we can also see his or her face. Movements of the lips and tongue convey additional information that helps the listener’s brain separate out syllables, words and sentences. However, exactly where in ...	380	128	0.3368
pubmed-summarization	tropicalis and both strands are also expressed . at present , we do not know how the expression of these elements is controlled and whether one or several loci are being transcribed . the presence of regulatory elements controlling gene expression in the sequences of these tc1-like elements has not been studied . howev...	transposable elements ( retrotransposons and dna transposons ) comprise a large proportion of animal genomes , for example 20% in d. melanogaster , 36% in x. tropicalis and 45% in humans . after invading a new genome , the transposable element increases its copy number and subsequently accumulates mutations . these may...	380	83	0.2184
dialogsum	#Person1#: Morning, Peter. Nice suit! A new one? #Person2#: Oh, yes. My wife bought it for me yesterday. Hmm, you look nice in that yellow dress. Yellow suits you really well. #Person1#: Maybe. Several people also have suggested that I get more yellow clothes. They say the color suits me because of my skin. #Person2#: ...	#Person1# and #Person2# compliment each other's clothes. #Person2# tells #Person1# how colours give people different impressions and #Person1# feels amazed.	130	20	0.1538
pubmed-summarization	extramammary paget 's disease ( empd ) is a rare cutaneous , intraepithelial adenocarcinoma involving primarily the epidermis but occasionally extending into the underlying dermis which accounts for < 1% of carcinomas in vulva and majority of the patients are postmenopausal females . it presents with a long - standing ...	extramammary paget 's disease is a rare cutaneous , intraepithelial adenocarcinoma involving primarily the epidermis but occasionally extending into the underlying dermis . the condition typically presents as a red , velvety , pruritic skin rash of the vulva region which closely mimics a multitude of other , more commo...	380	87	0.2289
pubmed-summarization	nontraumatic spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage ( ich ) causes significant morbidity and mortality throughout the world . ten to 20% of strokes are caused by ich in western countries.6 ) over 45 years of age , ich is common,5)16)21 ) but rare before then . therefore , the goal of our study was to perform a descriptive...	objectivespontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage ( ich ) in young adults is rare . the purpose of this study was to investigate causes , sites and other factors affecting the prognosis of ich in young adults aged 40 years.methodswe reviewed 39 consecutive patients diagnosed with spontaneous ich between january 2001 and ju...	380	128	0.3368
dialogsum	#Person1#: How do you manage to cook your own meals all the time? #Person2#: Well, I guess my planning ahead and making sure that I always have enough ingredients at home. #Person1#: You must go to the supermarket a lot then. #Person2#: Yeah, I used to go every other day, but it still took a lot of time, so I only go t...	#Person2# tells #Person1# how #Person2# manages to cook #Person2#'s meals all the time and recommends #Person1# to try, but #Person1# doesn't have time to do so.	188	26	0.1383
scientific_lay_summarisation-elife-norm	proteins, (Farthing, 2004) and xenobiotics (Zheng et al. , 2011; Nicholson et al. , 2012; Haiser et al. , 2013). The intestinal microbiota contain ~3. 3 million microbial genes, including genes encoding xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism pathways (Qin et al. , 2010). These bacteria are implicated in biotransform...	The bacteria that inhabit the digestive tract do more than just help to break down food. Scientists are increasingly discovering that having a healthy and diverse community of gut bacteria is essential to overall health. Changes in these communities may increase the likelihood of harmful inflammation and diseases like ...	380	128	0.3368
scientific_lay_summarisation-elife-norm	Epithelial morphogenesis and stability are essential for normal development and organ homeostasis. The mouse neural plate is a cuboidal epithelium that remodels into a columnar pseudostratified epithelium over the course of 24 hr. Here we show that the transition to a columnar epithelium fails in mutant embryos that la...	In mammals, the brain and spinal cord develop from a flat sheet of cells called the neural plate, which bends around to create a structure known as the neural tube. This bending process occurs through a complex sequence of cell shape changes. The cells in the neural plate are initially short and wide, but transform int...	380	128	0.3368
scientific_lay_summarisation-elife-norm	or heteropentamers of subunit A, in combination with B, C, D, or E subunits (Niesler et al. , 2007). Compositional and stoichiometric differences lead to differential responses to serotonin, gating kinetics, permeability, and pharmacology (Davies et al. , 1999; Kelley et al. , 2003; Thompson and Lummis, 2013). This fun...	Serotonin is perhaps best known as a chemical messenger in the brain, where it regulates mood, appetite and sleep. But as a hormone, serotonin works in other parts of the body too. Serotonin is predominantly made in the gut, where it binds receptor proteins that help to regulate the movement of substances through the g...	380	128	0.3368
dialogsum	#Person1#: For the 100th anniversary of the opening of the library we are going to have a party. #Person2#: That's a wonderful way to celebrate this grand old library! #Person1#: I hoped you would be willing to brainstorm with me for party ideas. #Person2#: That is right up my alley. You say party and I'm there. #Perso...	#Person1# and #Person2# are discussing a party for the 100th anniversary of the grand old library opening.	108	17	0.1574
dialogsum	#Person1#: Well, Yuri, tell me about it. #Person2#: I'm sorry I can't bring better news, sir. The site is a disaster. #Person1#: That's what I was afraid of. #Person2#: It is not only the earthquake, sir. But the mudslides. Much of the north half of the site has been covered over by mud. #Person1#: Mud? But Ivan told m...	Yuri briefs the situation of the site to #Person1# after the earthquake. There was a little mudslide, which was not reported, right above their site. #Person1# wants an estimate of damages from Ivan as soon as possible. But Yuri doesn't recommend sending Ivan now because there is a fight with revolutionaries which is n...	359	68	0.1894
dialogsum	#Person1#: Do you use an anti-virus program to protect your computer? #Person2#: Yes, I do. I also use an anti-spyware program and a firewall. There are so many nasties on the internet and so many people who are trying to use the internet to hurt other users. You have to be very c #Person1#: How often do you run your a...	#Person2# tells #Person1# #Person2# runs #Person2#'s anti-virus program every few days to protect #Person2#'s computer and recommends it to #Person1#. #Person2# uses #Person2#'s computer mainly for doing work with photographs. #Person1# wants to download some programs and learn them.	234	39	0.1667
dialogsum	#Person1#: How long is the warranty? #Person2#: We guarantee our product for two years. #Person1#: How about the repairs after the warranty expire? Are you responsible for the fixing if the machine breaks down after the warranty period? #Person2#: Yes. All repairs are billed at cost. We'll only bill you for parts. The ...	#Person2# tells #Person1# the warranty is two-year, all repairs are billed at cost and they supply spare parts.	85	18	0.2118
pubmed-summarization	deep brain stimulators ( dbs ) are increasingly used to treat carefully selected cases of movement disorders , pain , and psychiatric disorders that respond poorly to medical therapy . anaesthesiologist may be involved in the implantation procedure or more frequently when these patients present for non - related medica...	we describe the anaesthetic management of arthroscopic repair for complete rotator cuff tear of shoulder in a 59-year - old female with parkinson 's disease ( pd ) with deep brain stimulator ( dbs ) using a combination of general anaesthesia with interscalene approach to brachial plexus block . the dbs consists of impl...	380	128	0.3368
pubmed-summarization	the receptor apj remained orphan until 1998 , when tatemoto and his coworkers isolated its endogenous ligand from bovine stomach extract . they isolated a 36-amino - acid peptide which was named apelin ( from apj endogenous ligand ) . apelin exists in at least three forms , consisting of 13 , 17 , or 36 amino acids , a...	objective . highlighting the apelin system would present a new therapeutic target for liver disease . apelin ; endogenous ligand for the orphan receptor apj , was recently suggested to be associated with fibrosis progression and cirrhosis in addition to insulin resistance ( ir ) and inflammation . the present study was...	380	128	0.3368
dialogsum	#Person1#: Is there a lot of crime in your city? #Person2#: There's some, but I don't think it's a big problem. A lot of it is petty crime, burglary and car theft. There's very little major crime. #Person1#: It's the same in my city. We also have a lot of drug addicts. A lot of the crime is committed by drug addicts wh...	#Person2# and #Person1# talk about the crime in their cities. #Person1#'s city has serious drug problems but #Person2#'s doesn't. #Person2# thinks that spreading wealth evenly can reduce crime.	171	28	0.1637
dialogsum	#Person1#: Could you just run through the evacuation procedure? #Person2#: Yes, of course. When you hear the fire alarm, which is a very loud, continuous ringing noise, you should go to the nearest fire exit or fire escape as quickly as possible. #Person1#: Should we use the stairs? #Person2#: Yes, don't use the lifts....	#Person2# is explaining the fire evacuation procedure for #Person1#.	78	9	0.1154
dialogsum	#Person1#: What do you feel like eating this morning? #Person2#: I usually just have a bowl of cereal. #Person1#: The most important meal of the day is breakfast. #Person2#: Yeah, but I don't usually have time to eat a big breakfast. #Person1#: You can always make an easy breakfast. #Person2#: What do you make? #Person...	#Person2# usually has breakfast casually. #Person1# usually makes a fast but nice breakfast and offers to make one for #Person2#.	106	20	0.1887
scientific_lay_summarisation-elife-norm	How long neural information is stored in a local brain area reflects functions of that region and is often estimated by the magnitude of the autocorrelation of intrinsic neural signals in the area. Here, we investigated such intrinsic neural timescales in high-functioning adults with autism and examined whether local b...	Autism is a brain disorder that affects how people interact with others. It occupies a spectrum, with severe autism at one end and high-functioning autism at the other. People with severe autism usually have intellectual impairments and little spoken language. Those with high-functioning autism have average or above av...	380	128	0.3368
dialogsum	#Person1#: Well, well, look what the cad draged in? #Person2#: Hi, Masha, and how are you , today? #Person1#: I'm Ok. But I can't say the same about Cann. #Person2#: Oh? What's the story? #Person1#: He was arrested for shoplifting at Nelsons. #Person3#: So they caught him with his pants down? #Person1#: Yeah, the shopo...	Masha tells #Person2# and #Person3# her ex-boyfriend Cann was arrested for shoplifting. She won't help him because she dumped him for he was always getting into trouble.	144	27	0.1875
dialogsum	#Person1#: Hi, may I speak to Ryan, please? #Person2#: This is Ryan you are speaking with. What can I do for you? #Person1#: Hi, Ryan, this is Malia, and I will not be coming to work today. #Person2#: What is wrong with you? #Person1#: I have really bad poison oak and can't stop itching. #Person2#: How long have you ha...	Malia has bad poison oak and the rash got worse last night. She calls Ryan and gets off work.	111	19	0.1712
dialogsum	#Person1#: The film starts at 7:30. So, shall we meet at 6:00 o'clock? We could go for a meal first. #Person2#: 6:00 o'clock is a bit early for me. I've to finish a report this afternoon. How about 7:15 outside the cinema? We could always go for something to eat after the film. I think it finishes at about 9:30. #Perso...	#Person1# and #Person2# decide to meet at 7:15 for a movie and eat afterward.	66	14	0.2121
dialogsum	#Person1#: Well, tell me something of yourself. #Person2#: What would you like to know, Mr. Green? #Person1#: What working experience have you got? #Person2#: In 2004, I got a job in the sales department of a trading company near Guangzhou. I started a sales rpresentative. A year later, I was promoted to the position o...	Irene tells Mr. Green about her working experience in the sales department and the reason why she wants to work as his assistant.	150	23	0.1533
pubmed-summarization	patients . the use of imaging to detect extrathoracic metastasis , particularly bm , at the time of initial staging in asymptomatic patients is the subject of debate ( 8 - 10 ) . imaging is usually recommended in patients who form part of a population in which the overall incidence of bm is particularly high , such as ...	the purpose of this prospective study was to determine whether using magnetic resonance imaging ( mri ) for early screening for brain metastases ( bm ) can improve quality of life , survival in patients with non - small cell lung cancer ( nsclc ) . the study group comprised 183 patients newly diagnosed with nsclc . all...	380	128	0.3368
dialogsum	#Person1#: Merry Christmas! #Person2#: Huh? #Person1#: I said Merry Christmas! Don't you know that Christmas is almost here? #Person2#: It is? Oh, that's nice. #Person1#: Huh? Didn't you know? Aren't you excited? #Person2#: Actually, I'd forgotten about it. #Person1#: Forgotten about it? How could you? #Person2#: Becau...	#Person1# wishes #Person2# a merry Christmas but #Person2# forgets about it and #Person2# is Jewish. #Person2#'ll celebrate Hanukah soon and #Person1# invites #Person2# to #Person1#'s Christmas party.	150	27	0.18
scientific_lay_summarisation-elife-norm	Does cell-cycle quiescence play a role in stem cell maintenance? Understanding the relationship between cell-cycle quiescence and stem cell maintenance has been difficult because tractable models of facultative stem cell quiescence have been lacking. Perturbations affecting the cell cycle can in some cases impact stem ...	Adult stem cells can divide to produce cells that can develop into one of many different specialist cell types in a tissue, and so are vitally important for tissue repair and maintenance. Some types of adult stem cells exist primarily in a non-dividing state known as quiescence, which for a long time was thought to be ...	380	128	0.3368
pubmed-summarization	of medical ethics at the university of gothenburg considered this study a quality control study not necessitating informed consent for research . in this study , we have analysed complications after invasive eeg monitoring in all patients who , prior to surgery , underwent investigations with subdural strips or grids ,...	objectivein some patients who undergo presurgical workup for drug - resistant epilepsy invasive seizure monitoring is needed to define the seizure onset zone and delineate eloquent cortex . such procedures carry risks for complications causing permanent morbidity and even mortality . in this study , prospective data on...	380	128	0.3368
scientific_lay_summarisation-elife-norm	The great demand for long-wavelength and high signal-to-noise Ca2+ indicators has led us to develop CaRuby-Nano, a new functionalizable red calcium indicator with nanomolar affinity for use in cell biology and neuroscience research. In addition, we generated CaRuby-Nano dextran conjugates and an AM-ester variant for bu...	The movement of calcium ions within cells controls many vital biological processes, ranging from cell growth to muscle contraction and brain activity. These calcium signals are triggered by stimuli, such as nerve impulses, which drive calcium entry into cells or release calcium from internal stores. These changes in ca...	380	128	0.3368
scientific_lay_summarisation-elife-norm	, 1999; Fredericks et al. , 1995; Barber et al. , 2002; Khan et al. , 1999). This activity is the predominant cellular insult required for transformation. The PAX3/7-FOXO1 oncogenes remain intractable to therapeutic targeting, impeding the development of effective precision medicine therapies. Fusions are notoriously d...	One of the most common cancers in children and adolescents is rhabdomyosarcoma, a cancer of soft tissue such as muscle, tendon or cartilage. The fusion of DNA on two different chromosomes causes the most aggressive form of rhabdomyosarcoma. The fused DNA produces an abnormal protein called PAX3-FOXO1. During normal mus...	380	128	0.3368
dialogsum	#Person1#: Are you watching the soccer match tonight? It must be the most exciting one in this season. #Person2#: Well, of course I can't miss it. Which team are you for? #Person1#: Manchester United. What about you? #Person2#: Me too. Do you think they are going to get the championship this time? #Person1#: I have con...	Both #Person1# and #Person2# support Manchester United in tonight's match.	58	10	0.1724
pubmed-summarization	the collective arrangement of the teeth in function is quite important and has been subjected to a great deal of analysis and discussion over the years . as the mandible moves laterally , the lower posterior teeth leave their centric contact with the upper teeth and travel sideways down a path dictated by the condyles ...	background and aims this study observed occlusal contacts and their area on the teeth during lateral mandibular movements . the percentage of each occlusal pattern was determined . materials and methods fifty subjects ( male : 27 , female : 23 ) , aged 20 - 29 years , were included in the study . the criteria for selec...	380	128	0.3368

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Lecture Summarization Dataset (mBART-50 Optimized)

Bộ dữ liệu này được tổng hợp và tinh lọc từ 3 nguồn dữ liệu học thuật và hội thoại lớn, được thiết kế đặc biệt để huấn luyện các mô hình tóm tắt văn bản (Summarization), tối ưu hóa cho cấu trúc của mBART-50.

📊 Tổng quan dữ liệu (Dataset Statistics)

Thuộc tính	Chi tiết
Tổng số bản ghi	27,210
Nguồn dữ liệu	DialogSum, Scientific Lay Summarisation (eLife), PubMed
Độ dài đầu vào tối đa	380 words (~512 tokens)
Độ dài đầu ra tối đa	128 words
Kỹ thuật xử lý	Sliding Window Chunking, Noise Removal

🏗️ Cấu trúc các cột (Data Fields)

source: Tên tập dữ liệu gốc (e.g., dialogsum, pubmed-summarization).
input: Văn bản gốc đã làm sạch (không sử dụng prefix để phù hợp với mBART-50).
output: Bản tóm tắt tương ứng.
input_words / output_words: Số lượng từ trong mỗi trường.
compression_ratio: Tỷ lệ nén giữa đầu ra và đầu vào.

🛠️ Quy trình xử lý (Preprocessing Pipeline)

Dữ liệu đã được xử lý qua các bước sau để đảm bảo hiệu suất tốt nhất khi Fine-tuning:

Làm sạch văn bản (Cleaning):
- Loại bỏ khoảng trắng thừa, đường dẫn URL.
- Loại bỏ các trích dẫn tài liệu tham khảo dạng số như [1], [1, 2].
- Loại bỏ các từ khóa rác trong văn bản khoa học (doi, fig, table).
Cắt nhỏ văn bản (Chunking):
- Sử dụng phương pháp Sliding Window với overlap = 50 từ.
- Mỗi đoạn (chunk) đảm bảo độ dài tối đa 380 từ để tránh tràn ngữ cảnh (Max Context) của mô hình.
Bộ lọc chất lượng (Filtering):
- Loại bỏ các đoạn có đầu vào < 30 từ.
- Loại bỏ các đoạn có tóm tắt < 5 từ.

🚀 Hướng dẫn sử dụng với mBART-50

Vì mBART-50 sử dụng special tokens để xác định ngôn ngữ thay vì text prefix (như T5), bạn nên load dữ liệu theo cách sau:

from transformers import MBart50TokenizerFast

model_name = "facebook/mbart-large-50"
tokenizer = MBart50TokenizerFast.from_pretrained(model_name)

# Thiết lập ngôn ngữ nguồn và đích là tiếng Anh (en_XX)
tokenizer.src_lang = "en_XX"
tokenizer.tgt_lang = "en_XX"

def preprocess_function(examples):
    inputs = examples["input"]
    targets = examples["output"]
    model_inputs = tokenizer(inputs, max_length=512, truncation=True, padding="max_length")
    
    with tokenizer.as_target_tokenizer():
        labels = tokenizer(targets, max_length=128, truncation=True, padding="max_length")

    model_inputs["labels"] = labels["input_ids"]
    return model_inputs

Dữ liệu được chuẩn bị phục vụ cho mục đích nghiên cứu và huấn luyện mô hình tóm tắt nội dung bài giảng. Không sử dụng cho mục đích thương mại.

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