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You are a linux expert. You understand what every Linux terminal command does and you reply with the explanation when asked.
touch
# touch > Create files and set access/modification times. More information: > https://manned.org/man/freebsd-13.1/touch. * Create specific files: `touch {{path/to/file1 path/to/file2 ...}}` * Set the file [a]ccess or [m]odification times to the current one and don't [c]reate file if it doesn't exist: `touch -c -{{a...
You are a linux expert. You understand what every Linux terminal command does and you reply with the explanation when asked.
patch
# patch > Patch a file (or files) with a diff file. Note that diff files should be > generated by the `diff` command. More information: https://manned.org/patch. * Apply a patch using a diff file (filenames must be included in the diff file): `patch < {{patch.diff}}` * Apply a patch to a specific file: `patch {{pat...
You are a linux expert. You understand what every Linux terminal command does and you reply with the explanation when asked.
ipcmk
# ipcmk > Create IPC (Inter-process Communication) resources. More information: > https://manned.org/ipcmk. * Create a shared memory segment: `ipcmk --shmem {{segment_size_in_bytes}}` * Create a semaphore: `ipcmk --semaphore {{element_size}}` * Create a message queue: `ipcmk --queue` * Create a shared memory se...
You are a linux expert. You understand what every Linux terminal command does and you reply with the explanation when asked.
namei
# namei > Follows a pathname (which can be a symbolic link) until a terminal point is > found (a file/directory/char device etc). This program is useful for finding > "too many levels of symbolic links" problems. More information: > https://manned.org/namei. * Resolve the pathnames specified as the argument parameter...
You are a linux expert. You understand what every Linux terminal command does and you reply with the explanation when asked.
xargs
# xargs > Execute a command with piped arguments coming from another command, a file, > etc. The input is treated as a single block of text and split into separate > pieces on spaces, tabs, newlines and end-of-file. More information: > https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/xargs.html. * Run a com...
You are a linux expert. You understand what every Linux terminal command does and you reply with the explanation when asked.
flock
# flock > Manage locks from shell scripts. It can be used to ensure that only one > process of a command is running. More information: https://manned.org/flock. * Run a command with a file lock as soon as the lock is not required by others: `flock {{path/to/lock.lock}} --command "{{command}}"` * Run a command with ...
You are a linux expert. You understand what every Linux terminal command does and you reply with the explanation when asked.
touch
# touch > Create files and set access/modification times. More information: > https://manned.org/man/freebsd-13.1/touch. * Create specific files: `touch {{path/to/file1 path/to/file2 ...}}` * Set the file [a]ccess or [m]odification times to the current one and don't [c]reate file if it doesn't exist: `touch -c -{{a...
You are a linux expert. You understand what every Linux terminal command does and you reply with the explanation when asked.
rmdir
# rmdir > Remove directories without files. See also: `rm`. More information: > https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/rmdir. * Remove specific directories: `rmdir {{path/to/directory1 path/to/directory2 ...}}` * Remove specific nested directories recursively: `rmdir -p {{path/to/directory1 path/to/directory2 ...}}...
You are a linux expert. You understand what every Linux terminal command does and you reply with the explanation when asked.
iconv
# iconv > Converts text from one encoding to another. More information: > https://manned.org/iconv. * Convert file to a specific encoding, and print to `stdout`: `iconv -f {{from_encoding}} -t {{to_encoding}} {{input_file}}` * Convert file to the current locale's encoding, and output to a file: `iconv -f {{from_enc...
You are a linux expert. You understand what every Linux terminal command does and you reply with the explanation when asked.
pidof
# pidof > Gets the ID of a process using its name. More information: > https://manned.org/pidof. * List all process IDs with given name: `pidof {{bash}}` * List a single process ID with given name: `pidof -s {{bash}}` * List process IDs including scripts with given name: `pidof -x {{script.py}}` * Kill all proc...
You are a linux expert. You understand what every Linux terminal command does and you reply with the explanation when asked.
nohup
# nohup > Allows for a process to live when the terminal gets killed. More > information: https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/nohup. * Run a process that can live beyond the terminal: `nohup {{command}} {{argument1 argument2 ...}}` * Launch `nohup` in background mode: `nohup {{command}} {{argument1 argument2 ......
You are a linux expert. You understand what every Linux terminal command does and you reply with the explanation when asked.
patch
# patch > Patch a file (or files) with a diff file. Note that diff files should be > generated by the `diff` command. More information: https://manned.org/patch. * Apply a patch using a diff file (filenames must be included in the diff file): `patch < {{patch.diff}}` * Apply a patch to a specific file: `patch {{pat...
You are a linux expert. You understand what every Linux terminal command does and you reply with the explanation when asked.
strip
# strip > Discard symbols from executables or object files. More information: > https://manned.org/strip. * Replace the input file with its stripped version: `strip {{path/to/file}}` * Strip symbols from a file, saving the output to a specific file: `strip {{path/to/input_file}} -o {{path/to/output_file}}` * Stri...
You are a linux expert. You understand what every Linux terminal command does and you reply with the explanation when asked.
chgrp
# chgrp > Change group ownership of files and directories. More information: > https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/chgrp. * Change the owner group of a file/directory: `chgrp {{group}} {{path/to/file_or_directory}}` * Recursively change the owner group of a directory and its contents: `chgrp -R {{group}} {{path/...
You are a linux expert. You understand what every Linux terminal command does and you reply with the explanation when asked.
users
# users > Display a list of logged in users. See also: `useradd`, `userdel`, > `usermod`. More information: https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/users. * Print logged in usernames: `users` * Print logged in usernames according to a given file: `users {{/var/log/wmtp}}`
You are a linux expert. You understand what every Linux terminal command does and you reply with the explanation when asked.
iconv
# iconv > Converts text from one encoding to another. More information: > https://manned.org/iconv. * Convert file to a specific encoding, and print to `stdout`: `iconv -f {{from_encoding}} -t {{to_encoding}} {{input_file}}` * Convert file to the current locale's encoding, and output to a file: `iconv -f {{from_enc...
You are a linux expert. You understand what every Linux terminal command does and you reply with the explanation when asked.
shred
# shred > Overwrite files to securely delete data. More information: > https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/shred. * Overwrite a file: `shred {{path/to/file}}` * Overwrite a file, leaving zeroes instead of random data: `shred --zero {{path/to/file}}` * Overwrite a file 25 times: `shred -n25 {{path/to/file}}` ...
You are a linux expert. You understand what every Linux terminal command does and you reply with the explanation when asked.
sdiff
# sdiff > Compare the differences between and optionally merge 2 files. More > information: https://manned.org/sdiff. * Compare 2 files: `sdiff {{path/to/file1}} {{path/to/file2}}` * Compare 2 files, ignoring all tabs and whitespace: `sdiff -W {{path/to/file1}} {{path/to/file2}}` * Compare 2 files, ignoring white...
You are a linux expert. You understand what every Linux terminal command does and you reply with the explanation when asked.
chgrp
# chgrp > Change group ownership of files and directories. More information: > https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/chgrp. * Change the owner group of a file/directory: `chgrp {{group}} {{path/to/file_or_directory}}` * Recursively change the owner group of a directory and its contents: `chgrp -R {{group}} {{path/...
You are a linux expert. You understand what every Linux terminal command does and you reply with the explanation when asked.
reset
# reset > Reinitializes the current terminal. Clears the entire terminal screen. More > information: https://manned.org/reset. * Reinitialize the current terminal: `reset` * Display the terminal type instead: `reset -q`
You are a linux expert. You understand what every Linux terminal command does and you reply with the explanation when asked.
delta
# delta > A viewer for Git and diff output. More information: > https://github.com/dandavison/delta. * Compare files or directories: `delta {{path/to/old_file_or_directory}} {{path/to/new_file_or_directory}}` * Compare files or directories, showing the line numbers: `delta --line-numbers {{path/to/old_file_or_direc...
You are a linux expert. You understand what every Linux terminal command does and you reply with the explanation when asked.
uname
# uname > Print details about the current machine and the operating system running on > it. Note: for additional information about the operating system, try the > `sw_vers` command. More information: https://ss64.com/osx/uname.html. * Print kernel name: `uname` * Print system architecture and processor information:...
You are a linux expert. You understand what every Linux terminal command does and you reply with the explanation when asked.
mkdir
# mkdir > Create directories and set their permissions. More information: > https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/mkdir. * Create specific directories: `mkdir {{path/to/directory1 path/to/directory2 ...}}` * Create specific directories and their [p]arents if needed: `mkdir -p {{path/to/directory1 path/to/directory...
You are a linux expert. You understand what every Linux terminal command does and you reply with the explanation when asked.
chown
# chown > Change user and group ownership of files and directories. More information: > https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/chown. * Change the owner user of a file/directory: `chown {{user}} {{path/to/file_or_directory}}` * Change the owner user and group of a file/directory: `chown {{user}}:{{group}} {{path/to...
You are a linux expert. You understand what every Linux terminal command does and you reply with the explanation when asked.
umask
# umask > Manage the read/write/execute permissions that are masked out (i.e. > restricted) for newly created files by the user. More information: > https://manned.org/umask. * Display the current mask in octal notation: `umask` * Display the current mask in symbolic (human-readable) mode: `umask -S` * Change the...
You are a linux expert. You understand what every Linux terminal command does and you reply with the explanation when asked.
cksum
# cksum > Calculates CRC checksums and byte counts of a file. Note, on old UNIX > systems the CRC implementation may differ. More information: > https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/cksum. * Display a 32-bit checksum, size in bytes and filename: `cksum {{path/to/file}}`
You are a linux expert. You understand what every Linux terminal command does and you reply with the explanation when asked.
groff
# groff > GNU replacement for the `troff` and `nroff` typesetting utilities. More > information: https://www.gnu.org/software/groff. * Format output for a PostScript printer, saving the output to a file: `groff {{path/to/input.roff}} > {{path/to/output.ps}}` * Render a man page using the ASCII output device, and di...
You are a linux expert. You understand what every Linux terminal command does and you reply with the explanation when asked.
nohup
# nohup > Allows for a process to live when the terminal gets killed. More > information: https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/nohup. * Run a process that can live beyond the terminal: `nohup {{command}} {{argument1 argument2 ...}}` * Launch `nohup` in background mode: `nohup {{command}} {{argument1 argument2 ......
You are a linux expert. You understand what every Linux terminal command does and you reply with the explanation when asked.
split
# split > Split a file into pieces. More information: https://ss64.com/osx/split.html. * Split a file, each split having 10 lines (except the last split): `split -l {{10}} {{filename}}` * Split a file by a regular expression. The matching line will be the first line of the next output file: `split -p {{cat|^[dh]og}...
You are a linux expert. You understand what every Linux terminal command does and you reply with the explanation when asked.
write
# write > Write a message on the terminal of a specified logged in user (ctrl-C to > stop writing messages). Use the `who` command to find out all terminal_ids > of all active users active on the system. See also `mesg`. More information: > https://manned.org/write. * Send a message to a given user on a given termina...
You are a linux expert. You understand what every Linux terminal command does and you reply with the explanation when asked.
login
# login > Initiates a session for a user. More information: https://manned.org/login. * Log in as a user: `login {{user}}` * Log in as user without authentication if user is preauthenticated: `login -f {{user}}` * Log in as user and preserve environment: `login -p {{user}}` * Log in as a user on a remote host: ...
You are a linux expert. You understand what every Linux terminal command does and you reply with the explanation when asked.
ctags
# ctags > Generates an index (or tag) file of language objects found in source files > for many popular programming languages. More information: https://ctags.io/. * Generate tags for a single file, and output them to a file named "tags" in the current directory, overwriting the file if it exists: `ctags {{path/to/fi...
You are a linux expert. You understand what every Linux terminal command does and you reply with the explanation when asked.
rsync
# rsync > Transfer files either to or from a remote host (but not between two remote > hosts), by default using SSH. To specify a remote path, use > `host:path/to/file_or_directory`. More information: > https://download.samba.org/pub/rsync/rsync.1. * Transfer a file: `rsync {{path/to/source}} {{path/to/destination}}`...
You are a linux expert. You understand what every Linux terminal command does and you reply with the explanation when asked.
fuser
# fuser > Display process IDs currently using files or sockets. More information: > https://manned.org/fuser. * Find which processes are accessing a file or directory: `fuser {{path/to/file_or_directory}}` * Show more fields (`USER`, `PID`, `ACCESS` and `COMMAND`): `fuser --verbose {{path/to/file_or_directory}}` ...
You are a linux expert. You understand what every Linux terminal command does and you reply with the explanation when asked.
mkdir
# mkdir > Create directories and set their permissions. More information: > https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/mkdir. * Create specific directories: `mkdir {{path/to/directory1 path/to/directory2 ...}}` * Create specific directories and their [p]arents if needed: `mkdir -p {{path/to/directory1 path/to/directory...
You are a linux expert. You understand what every Linux terminal command does and you reply with the explanation when asked.
chmod
# chmod > Change the access permissions of a file or directory. More information: > https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/chmod. * Give the [u]ser who owns a file the right to e[x]ecute it: `chmod u+x {{path/to/file}}` * Give the [u]ser rights to [r]ead and [w]rite to a file/directory: `chmod u+rw {{path/to/file_o...
You are a linux expert. You understand what every Linux terminal command does and you reply with the explanation when asked.
b2sum
# b2sum > Calculate BLAKE2 cryptographic checksums. More information: > https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/b2sum. * Calculate the BLAKE2 checksum for one or more files: `b2sum {{path/to/file1 path/to/file2 ...}}` * Calculate and save the list of BLAKE2 checksums to a file: `b2sum {{path/to/file1 path/to/file2 ....
You are a linux expert. You understand what every Linux terminal command does and you reply with the explanation when asked.
strip
# strip > Discard symbols from executables or object files. More information: > https://manned.org/strip. * Replace the input file with its stripped version: `strip {{path/to/file}}` * Strip symbols from a file, saving the output to a specific file: `strip {{path/to/input_file}} -o {{path/to/output_file}}` * Stri...
You are a linux expert. You understand what every Linux terminal command does and you reply with the explanation when asked.
split
# split > Split a file into pieces. More information: https://ss64.com/osx/split.html. * Split a file, each split having 10 lines (except the last split): `split -l {{10}} {{filename}}` * Split a file by a regular expression. The matching line will be the first line of the next output file: `split -p {{cat|^[dh]og}...
You are a linux expert. You understand what every Linux terminal command does and you reply with the explanation when asked.
fgrep
# fgrep > Matches fixed strings in files. Equivalent to `grep -F`. More information: > https://www.gnu.org/software/grep/manual/grep.html. * Search for an exact string in a file: `fgrep {{search_string}} {{path/to/file}}` * Search only lines that match entirely in files: `fgrep -x {{path/to/file1}} {{path/to/file2}...
You are a linux expert. You understand what every Linux terminal command does and you reply with the explanation when asked.
sleep
# sleep > Delay for a specified amount of time. More information: > https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/sleep.html. * Delay in seconds: `sleep {{seconds}}` * Execute a specific command after 20 seconds delay: `sleep 20 && {{command}}`
You are a linux expert. You understand what every Linux terminal command does and you reply with the explanation when asked.
paste
# paste > Merge lines of files. More information: > https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/paste. * Join all the lines into a single line, using TAB as delimiter: `paste -s {{path/to/file}}` * Join all the lines into a single line, using the specified delimiter: `paste -s -d {{delimiter}} {{path/to/file}}` * Merg...
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colrm
# colrm > Remove columns from `stdin`. More information: https://manned.org/colrm. * Remove first column of `stdin`: `colrm {{1 1}}` * Remove from 3rd column till the end of each line: `colrm {{3}}` * Remove from the 3rd column till the 5th column of each line: `colrm {{3 5}}`
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false
# false > Returns a non-zero exit code. More information: > https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/false. * Return a non-zero exit code: `false`
You are a linux expert. You understand what every Linux terminal command does and you reply with the explanation when asked.
troff
# troff > Typesetting processor for the groff (GNU Troff) document formatting system. > See also `groff`. More information: https://manned.org/troff. * Format output for a PostScript printer, saving the output to a file: `troff {{path/to/input.roff}} | grops > {{path/to/output.ps}}` * Format output for a PostScript...
You are a linux expert. You understand what every Linux terminal command does and you reply with the explanation when asked.
login
# login > Initiates a session for a user. More information: https://manned.org/login. * Log in as a user: `login {{user}}` * Log in as user without authentication if user is preauthenticated: `login -f {{user}}` * Log in as user and preserve environment: `login -p {{user}}` * Log in as a user on a remote host: ...
You are a linux expert. You understand what every Linux terminal command does and you reply with the explanation when asked.
sleep
# sleep > Delay for a specified amount of time. More information: > https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/sleep.html. * Delay in seconds: `sleep {{seconds}}` * Execute a specific command after 20 seconds delay: `sleep 20 && {{command}}`
You are a linux expert. You understand what every Linux terminal command does and you reply with the explanation when asked.
pgrep
# pgrep > Find or signal processes by name. More information: > https://www.man7.org/linux/man-pages/man1/pkill.1.html. * Return PIDs of any running processes with a matching command string: `pgrep {{process_name}}` * Search for processes including their command-line options: `pgrep --full "{{process_name}} {{param...
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pkill
# pkill > Signal process by name. Mostly used for stopping processes. More > information: https://www.man7.org/linux/man-pages/man1/pkill.1.html. * Kill all processes which match: `pkill "{{process_name}}"` * Kill all processes which match their full command instead of just the process name: `pkill -f "{{command_na...
You are a linux expert. You understand what every Linux terminal command does and you reply with the explanation when asked.
getopt
# getopt > Parse command-line arguments. More information: > https://www.gnu.org/software/libc/manual/html_node/Getopt.html. * Parse optional `verbose`/`version` flags with shorthands: `getopt --options vV --longoptions verbose,version -- --version --verbose` * Add a `--file` option with a required argument with sh...
You are a linux expert. You understand what every Linux terminal command does and you reply with the explanation when asked.
printf
# printf > Format and print text. More information: > https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/printf. * Print a text message: `printf "{{%s\n}}" "{{Hello world}}"` * Print an integer in bold blue: `printf "{{\e[1;34m%.3d\e[0m\n}}" {{42}}` * Print a float number with the Unicode Euro sign: `printf "{{\u20AC %.2f\n}...
You are a linux expert. You understand what every Linux terminal command does and you reply with the explanation when asked.
unlink
# unlink > Remove a link to a file from the filesystem. The file contents is lost if > the link is the last one to the file. More information: > https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/unlink. * Remove the specified file if it is the last link: `unlink {{path/to/file}}`
You are a linux expert. You understand what every Linux terminal command does and you reply with the explanation when asked.
locate
# locate > Find filenames quickly. More information: https://manned.org/locate. * Look for pattern in the database. Note: the database is recomputed periodically (usually weekly or daily): `locate "{{pattern}}"` * Look for a file by its exact filename (a pattern containing no globbing characters is interpreted as `...
You are a linux expert. You understand what every Linux terminal command does and you reply with the explanation when asked.
keyctl
# keyctl > Manipulate the Linux kernel keyring. More information: > https://manned.org/keyctl. * List keys in a specific keyring: `keyctl list {{target_keyring}}` * List current keys in the user default session: `keyctl list {{@us}}` * Store a key in a specific keyring: `keyctl add {{type_keyring}} {{key_name}} {...
You are a linux expert. You understand what every Linux terminal command does and you reply with the explanation when asked.
unlink
# unlink > Remove a link to a file from the filesystem. The file contents is lost if > the link is the last one to the file. More information: > https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/unlink. * Remove the specified file if it is the last link: `unlink {{path/to/file}}`
You are a linux expert. You understand what every Linux terminal command does and you reply with the explanation when asked.
pstree
# pstree > A convenient tool to show running processes as a tree. More information: > https://manned.org/pstree. * Display a tree of processes: `pstree` * Display a tree of processes with PIDs: `pstree -p` * Display all process trees rooted at processes owned by specified user: `pstree {{user}}`
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newgrp
# newgrp > Switch primary group membership. More information: > https://manned.org/newgrp. * Change user's primary group membership: `newgrp {{group_name}}` * Reset primary group membership to user's default group in `/etc/passwd`: `newgrp`
You are a linux expert. You understand what every Linux terminal command does and you reply with the explanation when asked.
runcon
# runcon > Run a program in a different SELinux security context. With neither context > nor command, print the current security context. More information: > https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/runcon. * Determine the current domain: `runcon` * Specify the domain to run a command in: `runcon -t {{domain}}_t {{co...
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getent
# getent > Get entries from Name Service Switch libraries. More information: > https://manned.org/getent. * Get list of all groups: `getent group` * See the members of a group: `getent group {{group_name}}` * Get list of all services: `getent services` * Find a username by UID: `getent passwd 1000` * Perform ...
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renice
# renice > Alters the scheduling priority/niceness of one or more running processes. > Niceness values range from -20 (most favorable to the process) to 19 (least > favorable to the process). More information: https://manned.org/renice. * Change priority of a running process: `renice -n {{niceness_value}} -p {{pid}}`...
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git-mv
# git mv > Move or rename files and update the Git index. More information: > https://git-scm.com/docs/git-mv. * Move a file inside the repo and add the movement to the next commit: `git mv {{path/to/file}} {{new/path/to/file}}` * Rename a file or directory and add the renaming to the next commit: `git mv {{path/to...
You are a linux expert. You understand what every Linux terminal command does and you reply with the explanation when asked.
column
# column > Format `stdin` or a file into multiple columns. Columns are filled before > rows; the default separator is a whitespace. More information: > https://manned.org/column. * Format the output of a command for a 30 characters wide display: `printf "header1 header2\nbar foo\n" | column --output-width {{30}}` *...
You are a linux expert. You understand what every Linux terminal command does and you reply with the explanation when asked.
chroot
# chroot > Run command or interactive shell with special root directory. More > information: https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/chroot. * Run command as new root directory: `chroot {{path/to/new/root}} {{command}}` * Specify user and group (ID or name) to use: `chroot --userspec={{user:group}}`
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basenc
# basenc > Encode or decode file or `stdin` using a specified encoding, to `stdout`. > More information: https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/basenc. * Encode a file with base64 encoding: `basenc --base64 {{path/to/file}}` * Decode a file with base64 encoding: `basenc --decode --base64 {{path/to/file}}` * Encod...
You are a linux expert. You understand what every Linux terminal command does and you reply with the explanation when asked.
base32
# base32 > Encode or decode file or `stdin` to/from Base32, to `stdout`. More > information: https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/base32. * Encode a file: `base32 {{path/to/file}}` * Decode a file: `base32 --decode {{path/to/file}}` * Encode from `stdin`: `{{somecommand}} | base32` * Decode from `stdin`: `{{s...
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logger
# logger > Add messages to syslog (/var/log/syslog). More information: > https://manned.org/logger. * Log a message to syslog: `logger {{message}}` * Take input from `stdin` and log to syslog: `echo {{log_entry}} | logger` * Send the output to a remote syslog server running at a given port. Default port is 514: `...
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mktemp
# mktemp > Create a temporary file or directory. More information: > https://ss64.com/osx/mktemp.html. * Create an empty temporary file and print the absolute path to it: `mktemp` * Create an empty temporary file with a given suffix and print the absolute path to file: `mktemp --suffix "{{.ext}}"` * Create a temp...
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indent
# indent > Change the appearance of a C/C++ program by inserting or deleting > whitespace. More information: > https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=indent. * Format C/C++ source according to the Berkeley style: `indent {{path/to/source_file.c}} {{path/to/indented_file.c}} -nbad -nbap -bc -br -c33 -cd33 -cdb -ce ...
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busctl
# busctl > Introspect and monitor the D-Bus bus. More information: > https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/busctl.html. * Show all peers on the bus, by their service names: `busctl list` * Show process information and credentials of a bus service, a process, or the owner of the bus (if no parameter is sp...
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whatis
# whatis > Tool that searches a set of database files containing short descriptions of > system commands for keywords. More information: > http://www.linfo.org/whatis.html. * Search for information about keyword: `whatis {{keyword}}` * Search for information about multiple keywords: `whatis {{keyword1}} {{keyword2}...
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screen
# screen > Hold a session open on a remote server. Manage multiple windows with a > single SSH connection. See also `tmux` and `zellij`. More information: > https://manned.org/screen. * Start a new screen session: `screen` * Start a new named screen session: `screen -S {{session_name}}` * Start a new daemon and l...
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renice
# renice > Alters the scheduling priority/niceness of one or more running processes. > Niceness values range from -20 (most favorable to the process) to 19 (least > favorable to the process). More information: https://manned.org/renice. * Change priority of a running process: `renice -n {{niceness_value}} -p {{pid}}`...
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mpstat
# mpstat > Report CPU statistics. More information: https://manned.org/mpstat. * Display CPU statistics every 2 seconds: `mpstat {{2}}` * Display 5 reports, one by one, at 2 second intervals: `mpstat {{2}} {{5}}` * Display 5 reports, one by one, from a given processor, at 2 second intervals: `mpstat -P {{0}} {{2}...
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mkfifo
# mkfifo > Makes FIFOs (named pipes). More information: > https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/mkfifo. * Create a named pipe at a given path: `mkfifo {{path/to/pipe}}`
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csplit
# csplit > Split a file into pieces. This generates files named "xx00", "xx01", and so > on. More information: https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/csplit. * Split a file at lines 5 and 23: `csplit {{path/to/file}} {{5}} {{23}}` * Split a file every 5 lines (this will fail if the total number of lines is not divi...
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groups
# groups > Print group memberships for a user. See also: `groupadd`, `groupdel`, > `groupmod`. More information: https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/groups. * Print group memberships for the current user: `groups` * Print group memberships for a list of users: `groups {{username1 username2 ...}}`
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chattr
# chattr > Change attributes of files or directories. More information: > https://manned.org/chattr. * Make a file or directory immutable to changes and deletion, even by superuser: `chattr +i {{path/to/file_or_directory}}` * Make a file or directory mutable: `chattr -i {{path/to/file_or_directory}}` * Recursivel...
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expect
# expect > Script executor that interacts with other programs that require user input. > More information: https://manned.org/expect. * Execute an expect script from a file: `expect {{path/to/file}}` * Execute a specified expect script: `expect -c "{{commands}}"` * Enter an interactive REPL (use `exit` or Ctrl + ...
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md5sum
# md5sum > Calculate MD5 cryptographic checksums. More information: > https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/md5sum. * Calculate the MD5 checksum for one or more files: `md5sum {{path/to/file1 path/to/file2 ...}}` * Calculate and save the list of MD5 checksums to a file: `md5sum {{path/to/file1 path/to/file2 ...}} ...
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groups
# groups > Print group memberships for a user. See also: `groupadd`, `groupdel`, > `groupmod`. More information: https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/groups. * Print group memberships for the current user: `groups` * Print group memberships for a list of users: `groups {{username1 username2 ...}}`
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uptime
# uptime > Tell how long the system has been running and other information. More > information: https://ss64.com/osx/uptime.html. * Print current time, uptime, number of logged-in users and other information: `uptime`
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logger
# logger > Add messages to syslog (/var/log/syslog). More information: > https://manned.org/logger. * Log a message to syslog: `logger {{message}}` * Take input from `stdin` and log to syslog: `echo {{log_entry}} | logger` * Send the output to a remote syslog server running at a given port. Default port is 514: `...
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base64
# base64 > Encode and decode using Base64 representation. More information: > https://www.unix.com/man-page/osx/1/base64/. * Encode a file: `base64 --input={{plain_file}}` * Decode a file: `base64 --decode --input={{base64_file}}` * Encode from `stdin`: `echo -n "{{plain_text}}" | base64` * Decode from `stdin`:...
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git-gc
# git gc > Optimise the local repository by cleaning unnecessary files. More > information: https://git-scm.com/docs/git-gc. * Optimise the repository: `git gc` * Aggressively optimise, takes more time: `git gc --aggressive` * Do not prune loose objects (prunes by default): `git gc --no-prune` * Suppress all ou...
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mkfifo
# mkfifo > Makes FIFOs (named pipes). More information: > https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/mkfifo. * Create a named pipe at a given path: `mkfifo {{path/to/pipe}}`
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lsattr
# lsattr > List file attributes on a Linux filesystem. More information: > https://manned.org/lsattr. * Display the attributes of the files in the current directory: `lsattr` * List the attributes of files in a particular path: `lsattr {{path}}` * List file attributes recursively in the current and subsequent dir...
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ltrace
# ltrace > Display dynamic library calls of a process. More information: > https://manned.org/ltrace. * Print (trace) library calls of a program binary: `ltrace ./{{program}}` * Count library calls. Print a handy summary at the bottom: `ltrace -c {{path/to/program}}` * Trace calls to malloc and free, omit those d...
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script
# script > Make a typescript file of a terminal session. More information: > https://manned.org/script. * Start recording in file named "typescript": `script` * Stop recording: `exit` * Start recording in a given file: `script {{logfile.log}}` * Append to an existing file: `script -a {{logfile.log}}` * Execut...
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whoami
# whoami > Print the username associated with the current effective user ID. More > information: https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/whoami. * Display currently logged username: `whoami` * Display the username after a change in the user ID: `sudo whoami`
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strace
# strace > Troubleshooting tool for tracing system calls. More information: > https://manned.org/strace. * Start tracing a specific process by its PID: `strace -p {{pid}}` * Trace a process and filter output by system call: `strace -p {{pid}} -e {{system_call_name}}` * Count time, calls, and errors for each syste...
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rename
# rename > Rename a file or group of files with a regular expression. More information: > https://www.manpagez.com/man/2/rename/. * Replace `from` with `to` in the filenames of the specified files: `rename 's/{{from}}/{{to}}/' {{*.txt}}`
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ulimit
# ulimit > Get and set user limits. More information: https://manned.org/ulimit. * Get the properties of all the user limits: `ulimit -a` * Get hard limit for the number of simultaneously opened files: `ulimit -H -n` * Get soft limit for the number of simultaneously opened files: `ulimit -S -n` * Set max per-us...
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newgrp
# newgrp > Switch primary group membership. More information: > https://manned.org/newgrp. * Change user's primary group membership: `newgrp {{group_name}}` * Reset primary group membership to user's default group in `/etc/passwd`: `newgrp`
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uptime
# uptime > Tell how long the system has been running and other information. More > information: https://ss64.com/osx/uptime.html. * Print current time, uptime, number of logged-in users and other information: `uptime`
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expand
# expand > Convert tabs to spaces. More information: > https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/expand. * Convert tabs in each file to spaces, writing to `stdout`: `expand {{path/to/file}}` * Convert tabs to spaces, reading from `stdin`: `expand` * Do not convert tabs after non blanks: `expand -i {{path/to/file}}` ...
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expand
# expand > Convert tabs to spaces. More information: > https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/expand. * Convert tabs in each file to spaces, writing to `stdout`: `expand {{path/to/file}}` * Convert tabs to spaces, reading from `stdin`: `expand` * Do not convert tabs after non blanks: `expand -i {{path/to/file}}` ...
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locale
# locale > Get locale-specific information. More information: > https://manned.org/locale. * List all global environment variables describing the user's locale: `locale` * List all available locales: `locale --all-locales` * Display all available locales and the associated metadata: `locale --all-locales --verbos...
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passwd
# passwd > Passwd is a tool used to change a user's password. More information: > https://manned.org/passwd. * Change the password of the current user interactively: `passwd` * Change the password of a specific user: `passwd {{username}}` * Get the current status of the user: `passwd -S` * Make the password of ...
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git-am
# git am > Apply patch files and create a commit. Useful when receiving commits via > email. See also `git format-patch`, which can generate patch files. More > information: https://git-scm.com/docs/git-am. * Apply and commit changes following a local patch file: `git am {{path/to/file.patch}}` * Apply and commit c...
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oomctl
# oomctl > Analyze the state stored in `systemd-oomd`. More information: > https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/oomctl.html. * Show the current state of the cgroups and system contexts stored by `systemd-oomd`: `oomctl dump`