id int64 1 141k | title stringlengths 15 150 | body stringlengths 43 35.6k | tags stringlengths 1 118 | label int64 0 1 |
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62,560 | Why can't Constitutional Conventions become part of the English common law in the same way that customs can? | <blockquote>
<p>When considering the essential difference between law and convention, it is vital to distinguish
them from customs which can be adopted as common law rules, and conventions, which can only
become law through the legislative process.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>Colin Faragher's <em>Public La... | united kingdom | 0 |
62,563 | How does the Democratic Party have a majority in the US Senate? | <p>According to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Senate" rel="noreferrer">Wiki</a>, Democrats have a majority in the Senate despite only having 48 seats. Why are the two <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independent_politician" rel="noreferrer">independent</a> senators being counted as Democrat... | united states senate | 1 |
62,565 | Why is the Constitutionality of an Impeachment and Trial when out of office not settled? | <p>The US Senate has voted 3 times, once in <a href="https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/meet-the-press/meet-other-american-who-was-impeached-tried-after-leaving-office-n1255516" rel="noreferrer">1876</a> and twice in <a href="https://politics.stackexchange.com/questions/62480/why-another-impeachment-vote-at-the-senate/62... | united states constitution senate impeachment | 0 |
62,567 | Why is India known as the largest democratic nation? | <p>Why only India is regarded as the largest democracy, why not the USA or the European Union?</p>
 | democracy india | 0 |
62,570 | US Senate Floor Leaders: What happens if there is a substantial third party? | <p>According to the <a href="https://www.senate.gov/reference/reference_index_subjects/Leadership_vrd.htm" rel="nofollow noreferrer">US Senate's web site</a>,</p>
<blockquote>
<p>Leadership<br />
The floor leaders and whips of each party are elected by a majority vote of all the senators of their party asse... | united states senate | 0 |
62,571 | Why isn't there a bigger presence of 3rd parties in the US Senate or House of Representatives? | <p>Many people say that voting for a 3rd party in a presidential election is pointless. And under the rules, this is pretty true as it is a winner takes all system.</p>
<p>The Senate and House of Representatives are different. 3rd parties can arguably make a big difference here - especially if they get the balance ... | united states congress parties third party | 0 |
62,575 | Are there legal penalties for lies (etc.) in a US Senate impeachment trial? | <p>Suppose an impeachment of POTUS has progressed to the senate trial. And suppose that one of the representatives of one side or the other is shown to have lied, falsified evidence, covered up evidence, etc.</p>
<p>In a criminal trial, if either side were to have been shown to have done such, there would be a vari... | united states impeachment senate rules | 0 |
62,580 | Can Trump be criminally prosecuted for acts commited when he was president? | <p>Just after voting to acquit Trump, GOP senate leader Mitch McConnel said:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>We have a criminal justice system in this country. We have civil litigation. And former presidents are not immune from being accountable by either one. (<a href="https://www.npr.org/2021/02/15/968044983/president-po... | united states president impeachment official immunity | 0 |
62,582 | Efficiency gap threshold when there are more than two candidates | <p>I've been working on extending Stephanopoulos-McGhee's definition of the efficiency gap using the method outlined in following <a href="https://politics.stackexchange.com/questions/25482/formula-for-efficiency-gap-calculation-when-there-are-more-than-two-candidates">Stack Exchange post</a>.</p>
<p>It seems that ... | election voting democracy gerrymandering | 0 |
62,583 | What happens to rank-and-file law-enforcement after major regime change | <p>The question is inspired by the current situation in Myanmar, but since at the time of writing what will happen remains to be seen and obviously people on here can't predict the future, but surely similar situations have occurred in the past.</p>
<p>So my question is, what happens to the ordinary "rank-and-... | military police revolutions | 0 |
62,589 | What can be some issues with this alternate procedure for recalling public officials? | <p>There are many democratic procedures like <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recall_election" rel="nofollow noreferrer">recall elections</a> which don’t need to take place within a fixed period of time, i.e. they can be continuously held until the replacement candidate gets a higher vote-count than the existing ... | election election fraud election security | 0 |
62,595 | Why allow congress to impeach an official if accused doesn't necessarily have to have committed a crime? | <h1>Background</h1>
<p>Impeachment may be conducted by congress for the following reasons outlined in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impeachment_in_the_United_States#Constitutional_provisions" rel="nofollow noreferrer">U.S. Constitution</a>:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>Article I, Section 2, Clause 5 of ... | united states impeachment | 1 |
62,596 | How are members and chairs of subcommittees appointed by their party caucus/conference in the U.S. Senate? | <p>There are many subcommittees in the U.S. Senate. On the third of February, 2021,
the committees were reorganized to reflect the new Democratic majority in the Senate. Since then, some subcommittees have also been reorganized, and some have not. What is the process used by the respective party caucuses/conference... | united states congress senate | 0 |
62,601 | Is there an election System that allows for seats to be empty? | <p>Is there an election System that allows for potential seats to be empty?
E.g if there are 7 seats that could potentially be filled but the people voting only want 5 to be filled.</p>
<p>For context: We are holding an election to a Board where there can only be 7 members + president + vice president + Quästor... | election voting voting systems | 0 |
62,611 | What does Texas gain from keeping its electrical grid independent? | <p>A recent article by the <a href="https://www.texastribune.org/2011/02/08/texplainer-why-does-texas-have-its-own-power-grid/" rel="noreferrer">Texas Tribune</a> explains why Texas has its own electrical grid:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>The Texas Interconnected System — which for a long time was actually operated by ... | united states regulation texas energy policy energy independence | 1 |
62,613 | Why would the Lincoln Project campaign *against* Sen. Susan Collins? | <p>As I understand it, The Lincoln Project is anti-Trump Republicans.</p>
<p>So why would they <a href="https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/511401-lincoln-project-expands-gop-target-list-winning-trump-ire" rel="nofollow noreferrer">campaign against</a> Sen. Susan Collins (R-ME)? And not only that, but campaign th... | united states donald trump campaigning advertising | 0 |
62,614 | Why does Myanmar have significantly more trouble with democratic stability and its ethnicities than India? | <h1>Background</h1>
<p>Both <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myanmar" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Myanmar</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" rel="nofollow noreferrer">India</a> have numerous ethnic groups within their societies. India has <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Asian_eth... | india myanmar | 1 |
62,620 | Relation between Chinese Communist Party and Civil Administration | <p>What are the criteria for rising in the Chinese Communist Party? Specifically, can a bright junior in Civil Administration rise within the CCP along with thier position in administration without major Party activities?</p>
 | china chinese communist party | 0 |
62,621 | How are members of the Communist Party of China assessed for promotion? | <p>How are party members promoted to a higher CCP appointment? Is there a system of periodic assessment by senior party officials?</p>
 | china chinese communist party | 0 |
62,622 | Does Mexico hold primary elections? | <p>If so, are they held by all national parties? For executive and legislators? And are party non-officials eligible to vote? If so, only members or open?</p>
<p>Note: Question is inspired by the nominating situation for Morena’s gubernatorial candidate in Guerrero.</p>
 | election parties primaries mexico | 0 |
62,633 | How long do states have to vote on Constitutional amendments passed by congress? Are there any in limbo? | <p>I am curious to know if states have a specific timeline for voting to ratify a Constitutional amendment and if there are any that have been passed by congress but not enough states have voted to allow ratification?</p>
 | united states voting constitution amendment | 0 |
62,639 | What are US Senators expected to do during a natural calamity in their home state? | <p>Recently Ted Cruz was spotted on a plane to Cancun, which was criticized as the state is currently in a state of emergency due to power failures. But what exactly is a US Senator expected to do in a situation like this? Cruz doesn't have any executive authority within Texas and while I'm sure he could propose a law ... | united states | 1 |
62,651 | Why has Pakistan never faced the wrath of the USA similar to other countries in the region, especially Iran? | <p>As far as I understand, the USA's Middle East policy more or less revolves around Israel and its security. The countries which had antagonistic policies toward Israel were either taken out by Israel or the USA one after another.</p>
<p>To my understanding, the only outliers are <strong>Iran</strong> and <strong>... | united states international relations iran pakistan sanctions | 1 |
62,652 | I keep hearing about Capitol Police getting overpowered by the Jan. 6 mob. Why didn't they use their guns? | <p>I know the officers were not able to contain the mob very well but I'm sure they had guns. Why didn't they use them? And even if they decided that they weren't going to use them no matter what, wouldn't some still have tried to fire them out of instinct? Was it that they could accidentally hit people not really doin... | united states congress guns | 0 |
62,656 | What does the Texas Reliability Entity do exactly? Can it enforce NERC standards in Texas? | <p><a href="https://www.ferc.gov/enforcement-legal/enforcement/enforcement-reliability" rel="noreferrer">Following</a> the 2005 EPAct, the NERC is <a href="https://www.nerc.net/standardsreports/standardssummary.aspx" rel="noreferrer">authorized</a> to set mandatory reliability standards for power companies subject to F... | united states regulation texas energy policy | 1 |
62,658 | Which generating units did the DOE authorize to operate at maximum capacity in Texas? | <p>Although Texas' ERCOT <a href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-weather-power-prices-explainer-idINKBN2AG2KD" rel="nofollow noreferrer">is not</a> subject to FERC regulations, <a href="https://www.energy.gov/oe/does-use-federal-power-act-emergency-authority" rel="nofollow noreferrer">there are</a> apparently e... | united states federalism texas energy policy emergency | 0 |
62,663 | Why was no significant action taken againt Omar al-Bashir even after ICC issued arrest warrent for genocide? | <p>No western power undertook perceptible actions or investigations, even in three separate counts of genocide for which the ICC issued its second warrant against al-Bashir. While al-Bashir was in power, the country study on Sudan by the Federal Research Division of the Library of Congress observed: "September 11,... | international law international court genocide sudan | 0 |
62,666 | What are resons for Prime Minister Abe Shinzo to desire amendment to Article 9 in constitution? | <p>Prime Minister Abe Shinzo is reported to have said that "Japan cannot be a "normal state" until Japan has a fully functional armed force." There are reports that majority of the Japanese are not in favor of amending Article 9. Other than the apparent nationalist pride, is there any other factor i... | military japan nationalism | 1 |
62,670 | What is the stance of the current Japanese government on conversion therapy and why? | <p>Do Japanese governments support conversion therapy?</p>
<p>I wasn't able to find any information online. <a href="https://www.equaldex.com/region/japan" rel="nofollow noreferrer">This site</a> states the majority of Japanese support legalization of same-sex marriage. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_r... | human rights japan lgbt+ | 1 |
62,673 | The motive behind the signing of Munich Agreement | <p>In 1938/1939, two pacts/agreements shocked the world and disappointed many European countries:
the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munich_Agreement" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Munich Agreement</a> with Western democracies that's to say, England and France in 1938 and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... | international relations history europe world war ii nazism | 0 |
62,674 | How are the electors of the electoral college selected? | <p>How are the electors for each party selected in the US presidential election?</p>
 | united states election presidential election electoral college | 0 |
62,676 | Is large business moving from California to Texas a trend and what are the implications? | <p>I read that various corporations are moving from California to Texas. Examples: Musk, HP.</p>
<p>Is it because of high taxes in California or there are other reasons?</p>
<p>Is it going to shift the role of California (and Silicon Valley particularly) as a world technology hub to Texas?</p>
 | california texas | 0 |
62,681 | What is the dominant rationale for student loan forgiveness among academics and politicians? | <p>I understand that President Biden has been discussing the possibility of loan forgiveness for student loans. This has also increasingly become a topic of debate in recent years as student loans have expanded to $1.6T.</p>
<p>What are the main points of supports that experts have for this measure in terms of the ... | united states policy | 0 |
62,687 | In Sweden, are there any ramifications if the Prime Minister chooses not to observe the Government's (Cabinet's) decision? | <p>In Sweden, the executive power is vested in the Government (i.e. The country's "Cabinet" which consists of the Prime Minister and other Ministers), as opposed to the Prime Minister.</p>
<p>This means that the Prime Minister (at least in theory) can only take political action if a majority of the Govern... | executive prime minister cabinet sweden | 0 |
62,691 | Where do I find when the next congressional hearing about an issue I'm following is? (e.g. Gamestop) | <p><strong>How do I find out when the next US congressional hearing is regarding ___?</strong></p>
<p>This is <em>not</em> a question for discussing current events surrounding Gamestop and Robinhood.</p>
<p>I expected "when is the next hearing (gamestop OR robinhood)" to tell me exactly that, or at le... | united states congress | 1 |
62,693 | If I do not have an ID, how can Michigan check that I did not attempt to vote multiple times at different locations? | <h1>Background</h1>
<p>In Michigan, if someone did not bring their photo ID with them, they are free to sign an affidavit as state below on the Michigan <a href="https://www.michigan.gov/sos/0,4670,7-127-1633_8716-178123--,00.html#:%7E:text=By%20law%2C%20every%20Michigan%20voter,in%20possession%20of%20picture%20ide... | united states election election fraud michigan | 1 |
62,694 | Why hasn't the EU approved Russia's COVID vaccine yet? | <p>Hungary started to administer the Russain-developed Sputnik V COVID-19 vaccines recently while the EU did not authorize it yet (see e.g. <a href="https://www.euronews.com/2021/02/20/sputnik-v-why-hasn-t-the-eu-approved-russia-s-covid-vaccine-yet" rel="nofollow noreferrer">https://www.euronews.com/2021/02/20/sputnik-... | european union russian federation covid 19 virus vaccine | 0 |
62,697 | Can vice president/security advisor or secretary of state be chosen from the opposite party? | <p>As the title indicates,</p>
<ul>
<li>Can vice president/security advisor or secretary of state be chosen from the opposite party?</li>
</ul>
<p>If so, has there ever been an example?</p>
 | united states vice president cabinet | 1 |
62,700 | How did ISIS get so much enmity from every world power, and most non-state terrorist groups? | <h1>Background</h1>
<p>ISIS has <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_the_Levant" rel="noreferrer">nearly every State and most non-political entities</a> opposed to it, even other Salafist terrorist groups like <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahrar_al-Sham" rel="noreferrer">Ahrar a... | terrorism | 1 |
62,710 | Why is the House of Lords retained in a modern democracy? | <p>Members of the House of Lords are unelected, hold their position for life, and citizens cannot remove them in any way. Leaving aside the financial aspect in maintaining this institution, the unelected members exercising supervisory powers seem to be anti-democratic in the first look. Why is this institution continui... | united kingdom democracy | 1 |
62,712 | Why doesn't China allow American social media companies to operate in China? | <p>As far as I realize, being an authoritarian regime, China is continuously concerned with the uprising. So, they do not want to let the free flow of information and western thought process "contaminate" their citizens' minds.</p>
<p>However, recently from the Indian government's enforced censorship of T... | united states china social media | 1 |
62,726 | Why does Russia have so many nuclear weapons? | <p>In the Cold War, Soviet Russia produced 55,000 nukes, and it made 30,000 warheads in 1991. <a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.2968/066004008#:%7E:text=Russia%20has%20released%20very%20little,end%20of%20the%20Cold%20War" rel="nofollow noreferrer">[Source]</a></p>
<p>Russia became one of the nations t... | russian federation nuclear weapons diplomacy soviet union | 1 |
62,736 | Charter schools in big cities | <p>Do charters schools negatively impact urban places like DC and Pennsylvania?
Since charter schools often lead to gentrification in cities, should there be a cap as to how many there might be in a city? What are the pros and cons of charter schools in big cities and are there any solutions to making education wor... | united states education | 0 |
62,741 | Florida Flags: half mast | <blockquote>
<p>Flags are typically lowered to honor prominent government officials,
as well as law enforcement officers and members of the military killed
in the line of duty. DeSantis has said Limbaugh’s stature justified
the honor.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>source: <a href="https://abcnews.go.com... | united states flag florida | 0 |
62,745 | What specific actions did President Donald Trump take (or not take) that led to an "inept" and "dishonest" response with "excess" deaths? | <h1>Background</h1>
<p>Both the <a href="https://www.npr.org/2020/09/17/913881019/scientific-american-breaks-tradition-endorses-a-presidential-candidate" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Scientific American</a> and the <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/07/health/new-england-journal-trump.html" rel="nofollow norefer... | united states donald trump covid 19 virus | 0 |
62,746 | What specifically happens to a country when it defaults on its debt? | <h1>Background</h1>
<p>Back in March of last year, Lebanon <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/07/lebanon-to-default-on-debt-for-first-time-amid-financial-crisis" rel="nofollow noreferrer">defaulted on its debt</a> and has since been in a state of abject <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019%E... | debt | 0 |
62,750 | Do users of F-16s need the USA's permission to use them in attack roles? | <ul>
<li><a href="https://www.dawn.com/news/1522014" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Document reveals official US position on F-16s</a></li>
</ul>
<p>Are users of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Dynamics_F-16_Fighting_Falcon" rel="nofollow noreferrer">F-16 fighter planes</a> obliged to take the USA... | united states military turkey pakistan weapons | 0 |
62,756 | How do Neocons justify their hawkish behavior? | <p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoconservatism" rel="nofollow noreferrer">This</a> Wikipedia article defines Neoconservatism as:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>Neoconservatism is a political movement born in the United States
during the 1960s among liberal hawks who became disenchanted with the
increasi... | united states policy foreign policy | 0 |
62,757 | Why does Sri Lanka have so small a military? | <p>Sri Lanka suffered almost 33 years of LTTE menace because of not paying proper attention to its defense capability. <a href="https://www.firstpost.com/world/indira-gandhi-helped-train-tamil-rebels-and-reaped-whirlwind-13913.html" rel="nofollow noreferrer">India manipulated Sri Lanka's LTTE situation</a> by using mus... | military sri lanka | 1 |
62,760 | If the goal of communism is a stateless society, then why do we refer to authoritarian governments such as China as communist? | <p>The actions taken by these governments seem to be more fascist than communist. The term communism is used to describe so many contradicting policies and it is very confusing.</p>
 | political theory china political system communism political leaders | 0 |
62,765 | If the Vice President undisputedly murdered the sitting President, is there anything stopping them from becoming President? | <p>If the Vice President murdered the sitting President in cold blood for all to see, would they still become President? Would they simply get sworn in or is there a mechanism to stop them?</p>
 | united states president vice president succession | 0 |
62,774 | Why did the US recognize PRC when it was concerned about the spread of Communism? | <p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93United_States_relations#Normalization" rel="noreferrer">Here</a> is mentioned that:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>In the Joint Communiqué on the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations,
dated 1 January 1979, the United States transferred diplomatic
recognition... | united states international relations china communism | 0 |
62,784 | What is preventing UN from playing a more assertive role atleast in Global Pandamic situation? | <p>During the COVID-19 pandemic, the UN member nation's response was more or less defined by the country leaders' personality. WHO guidelines were generally followed and acted upon. However, few dangerous exceptions were also witnessed. COVID -19 has brought out a large number of inadequacies in handling global pandemi... | covid 19 virus united nations who | 0 |
62,787 | Are there any country appoint sportperson to final police rank like this? | <p>In India, UPSC aspirants qualify IAS exam, get ASP rank
and go on to final DGP post:</p>
<p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Police_ranks_and_insignia_of_India#Ranks_of_law_enforcement_in_India" rel="nofollow noreferrer">list here</a></p>
<p>But here Hima Das, just a <a href="https://www.hindustant... | india | 0 |
62,788 | Privacy-wise what are risks of Israel-type deal to share anonymized vaccine data IF a country is using nationalized health plan? | <p>Israel has one of the fastest Covid vaccine rollouts in the world right now.</p>
<p>To get it so many doses they signed a <a href="https://www.npr.org/2021/01/31/960819083/vaccines-for-data-israels-pfizer-deal-drives-quick-rollout-and-privacy-worries" rel="nofollow noreferrer">sweetheart deal with Pfizer</a> to ... | covid 19 virus healthcare public health privacy | 0 |
62,790 | Did Time Magazine print their expose article "The Secret History of the Shadow Campaign That Saved the 2020 Election"? | <p>I don't understand the difference between Times' physical magazine and what is published on their website. I would really like a paper copy of this if it was in print.</p>
<p>Was this printed or does their website publish other articles that are not in the magazine?</p>
<p>I'm not sure if this is the right p... | united states media | 0 |
62,793 | If the UK introduced proportional representation, how likely is it that the Labour Party and/or the Conservative Party would split? | <p>Obviously both are broad church parties held together by FPTP. Would they split, or perhaps Labour right and Tory left would migrate to the Lib Dems? When PR is introduced in a nation, does it typically result in old party splits?</p>
 | proportional representation electoral system | 0 |
62,794 | Why does Donald Trump still seem to have so much power over Republicans? | <p>Given that Donald Trump lost the recent Presidential election, why is it that congressmen continue to visit Mar-A-Lago? In what way is Donald Trump a power broker? What is it that congressmen seek from Donald Trump?</p>
 | united states donald trump congress | 0 |
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