Split (1)

train · 21.1k rows

page_id int64 12 41.2k	revision_id int64 509M 1.11B	page_title stringlengths 1 87	paragraphs list	categories list	item_id int64 -1 113M	views int64 2 4.23M	in_link_count int64 0 241k	out_link_count int64 0 3.23k	is_good_article int64 0 1	item_label stringlengths 0 87 ⌀	item_description stringlengths 0 250 ⌀	item_alias list
41,161	1,091,435,350	Flywheel_effect	[ { "plaintext": "The flywheel effect is the continuation of oscillations in an oscillator circuit after the control stimulus has been removed. This is usually caused by interacting inductive and capacitive elements in the oscillator. Circuits undergoing such oscillations are said to be flywheeling.", "sectio...	[ "Electronic_oscillators" ]	8,564,144	380	1	9	0	flywheel effect		[]
41,164	932,827,829	Foreign_exchange_service	[ { "plaintext": "Foreign exchange service may refer to:", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Foreign exchange service (finance)", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ ...	[]	5,468,393	21	0	2	0	Foreign exchange service	Wikimedia disambiguation page	[]
41,165	1,106,845,344	Foreign_instrumentation_signals_intelligence	[ { "plaintext": "Foreign instrumentation signals intelligence, FISINT (Foreign Instrumentation Signature INTelligence) is intelligence from the interception of foreign electromagnetic emissions associated with the testing and operational deployment of foreign aerospace, surface, and subsurface systems. Since it ...	[ "Intelligence_gathering_disciplines", "Signals_intelligence", "Applications_of_cryptography" ]	1,437,104	457	14	27	0	foreign instrumentation signals intelligence		[ "FISINT" ]
41,166	910,656,832	Forward_echo	[ { "plaintext": "Forward echo: In a transmission line, a reflection propagating in the same direction as the original wave and consisting of energy reflected back by one discontinuity and then forward again by another discontinuity. Forward echoes can be supported by reflections caused by splices or other disc...	[ "Telecommunications_engineering", "Telephony" ]	5,473,269	22	4	12	0	Forward echo		[]
41,168	1,098,872,057	Forward_scatter	[ { "plaintext": "In physics, telecommunications, and astronomy, forward scatter is the deflection—by diffraction, nonhomogeneous refraction, or nonspecular reflection by particulate matter of dimensions that are large with respect to the wavelength in question but small with respect to the beam diameter—of a por...	[ "Radio_frequency_propagation", "Scattering,_absorption_and_radiative_transfer_(optics)" ]	5,473,287	489	37	26	0	Forward scatter		[]
41,169	619,143,262	Frequency_of_optimum_transmission	[ { "plaintext": "Frequency of optimum transmission (FOT), in the transmission of radio waves via ionospheric reflection, is the highest effective (i.e. working) frequency that is predicted to be usable for a specified path and time for 90% of the days of the month. The FOT is normally just below the value of the...	[ "Radio_frequency_propagation" ]	1,455,547	98	8	10	0	Frequency of optimum transmission		[ "FOT" ]
41,170	1,033,616,858	Four-wire_circuit	[ { "plaintext": "In telecommunication, a four-wire circuit is a two-way circuit using two paths so arranged that the respective signals are transmitted in one direction only by one path and in the other direction by the other path. The four-wire circuit gets its name from the fact that is uses four conductors to...	[ "Communication_circuits", "Telephony" ]	5,474,968	576	36	21	0	Four-wire circuit		[]
41,171	635,747,886	Four-wire_terminating_set	[ { "plaintext": "A four-wire terminating set (4WTS) is a balanced transformer used to perform a conversion between four-wire and two-wire operation in telecommunication systems.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 40767, 30906, 41170, 21391...	[ "Telephony_equipment" ]	5,474,969	33	4	12	0	Four-wire terminating set		[]
41,172	1,074,909,570	Frame_(networking)	[ { "plaintext": "A frame is a digital data transmission unit in computer networking and telecommunication. In packet switched systems, a frame is a simple container for a single network packet. In other telecommunications systems, a frame is a repeating structure supporting time-division multiplexing.", "sec...	[ "Computer_networks", "Link_protocols", "Packets_(information_technology)", "Units_of_information" ]	1,324,888	3,674	130	33	0	frame	data transmission unit	[ "data-link frame", "data frame" ]
41,173	1,103,152,603	Frame_rate	[ { "plaintext": "Frame rate (expressed in or FPS) is the frequency (rate) at which consecutive images (frames) are captured or displayed. The term applies equally to film and video cameras, computer graphics, and motion capture systems. Frame rate may also be called the , and be expressed in hertz. Frame rate ...	[ "Film_and_video_technology", "Temporal_rates" ]	119,565	17,204	1,392	49	0	frame rate	number of frames rendered in one second	[ "framerate", "frame frequency", "FPS", "frames per second" ]
41,174	1,096,681,845	Constitution_of_Vermont	[ { "plaintext": "The Constitution of the State of Vermont is the fundamental body of law of the U.S. state of Vermont, describing and framing its government. It was adopted in 1793 following Vermont's admission to the Union in 1791 and is largely based upon the 1777 Constitution of the Vermont Republic which was...	[ "1793_in_law", "State_constitutions_of_the_United_States", "Vermont_law", "1793_in_American_politics", "1793_in_Vermont" ]	2,995,206	438	94	17	0	Constitution of Vermont	federated state constitution from 1793 in Vermont, USA	[]
41,175	606,069,314	Frame_slip	[ { "plaintext": "In the reception of framed data, a frame slip is the loss of synchronization between a received frame and the receiver clock signal, causing a frame misalignment event, and resulting in the loss of the data contained in the received frame. ", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduct...	[ "Synchronization", "Data_transmission" ]	5,477,929	53	2	7	0	Frame slip		[]
41,176	1,099,535,274	Frame_synchronization	[ { "plaintext": "In telecommunication, frame synchronization or framing is the process by which, while receiving a stream of framed data, incoming frame alignment signals (i.e., a distinctive bit sequences or syncwords) are identified (that is, distinguished from data bits), permitting the data bits within the f...	[ "Data_transmission", "Synchronization" ]	5,477,933	837	53	20	0	frame synchronization	synchronization of data frames in digital signal reception	[]
41,177	1,048,766,343	Framing	[ { "plaintext": "Framing may refer to:", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Framing (construction), common carpentry work", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ ...	[]	1,086,732	371	5	16	0	Framing	Wikimedia disambiguation page	[]
41,179	1,080,664,589	Free-space_path_loss	[ { "plaintext": "In telecommunication, the free-space path loss (FSPL) is the attenuation of radio energy between the feedpoints of two antennas that results from the combination of the receiving antenna's capture area plus the obstacle-free, line-of-sight path through free space (usually air). The \"Standard D...	[ "Telecommunications_engineering", "Radio_frequency_propagation_model" ]	477,992	6,644	22	37	0	Free-space path loss	path loss of radio transmitted through air or vacuum	[]
41,180	993,788,473	Freeze_frame_television	[ { "plaintext": "Freeze frame television is television in which the frames of the video are transmitted as a sequence of still images at a rate far too slow to be perceived as continuous motion by human vision. The receiving device typically displays each frame until the next complete frame is available.", ...	[ "Film_and_video_technology" ]	5,501,291	53	15	10	0	Freeze frame television		[]
41,181	1,018,599,827	F_region	[ { "plaintext": "The F region of the ionosphere is home to the F layer of ionization, also called the Appleton–Barnett layer, after the English physicist Edward Appleton and New Zealand physicist and meteorologist Miles Barnett. As with other ionospheric sectors, 'layer' implies a concentration of plasma, while ...	[ "Ionosphere", "Radio_frequency_propagation" ]	2,301,494	471	44	21	0	F region	layer in ionosphere	[]
41,184	851,228,448	Frequency_averaging	[ { "plaintext": "In telecommunication, the term frequency averaging has the following meanings: ", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 33094374 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 3, 20 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "The process by w...	[ "Telecommunications_techniques", "Synchronization", "Frequency-domain_analysis" ]	5,502,856	21	1	8	0	Frequency averaging		[]
41,185	989,338,262	Frequency-change_signaling	[ { "plaintext": "In telecommunication, frequency-change signaling is a telegraph signaling method in which one or more particular frequencies correspond to each desired signaling condition of a telegraph code. The transition from one set of frequencies to the other may be a continuous or a discontinuous change...	[ "Data_transmission", "Telegraphy" ]	5,502,839	59	2	9	0	Frequency-change signaling		[]
41,186	986,771,417	Frequency_compatibility	[ { "plaintext": "In telecommunication, the term frequency compatibility has the following meanings: ", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 33094374 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 3, 20 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "1. Of an el...	[ "Electromagnetic_compatibility" ]	5,502,859	25	1	4	0	Frequency compatibility		[]
41,187	1,047,438,605	Frequency_deviation	[ { "plaintext": "Frequency deviation () is used in FM radio to describe the difference between the minimum or maximum extent of a frequency modulated signal, and the nominal center or carrier frequency. The term is sometimes mistakenly used as synonymous with frequency drift, which is an unintended offset of an ...	[ "Radio_modulation_modes", "Frequency-domain_analysis" ]	761,942	1,649	26	8	0	frequency deviation	used in FM radio to describe the maximum difference between an FM modulated frequency and the nominal carrier frequency;sometimes mistakenly used as synonymous with frequency drift	[ "absolute frequency deviation" ]
41,188	1,073,808,635	Frequency-exchange_signaling	[ { "plaintext": "In telegraphy, frequency-exchange signaling or two-source frequency keying is frequency-change signaling in which the change from one significant condition to another is accompanied by decay in amplitude of one or more frequencies and by buildup in amplitude of one or more other frequencies.", ...	[ "Telegraphy" ]	5,502,842	15	1	8	0	Frequency-exchange signaling		[]
41,189	834,025,381	Frequency_frogging	[ { "plaintext": "In telecommunication, the term frequency frogging has the following meanings: ", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 33094374 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 3, 20 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " The interchangin...	[ "Communication_circuits" ]	5,502,872	13	3	17	0	Frequency frogging		[]
41,191	1,076,643,760	Frequency_sharing	[ { "plaintext": "In telecommunication, frequency sharing or channel sharing is the assignment to or use of the same radio frequency by two or more stations that are separated geographically or that use the frequency at different times. It reduces the potential for mutual interference where the assignment of diff...	[ "Bandplans" ]	5,502,886	161	104	8	0	frequency sharing	use of the same radio frequency by two or more broadcast licensees	[]
41,192	682,949,375	Frequency_shift	[ { "plaintext": "In the physical sciences and in telecommunication, the term frequency shift may refer to:", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Any change in frequency", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": ...	[]	5,502,879	197	3	7	0	Frequency shift	Wikimedia disambiguation page	[]
41,193	1,083,766,660	Frequency-shift_keying	[ { "plaintext": "Frequency-shift keying (FSK) is a frequency modulation scheme in which digital information is transmitted through discrete frequency changes of a carrier signal. The technology is used for communication systems such as telemetry, weather balloon radiosondes, caller ID, garage door openers, and...	[ "Amateur_radio", "Caller_ID", "Quantized_radio_modulation_modes" ]	1,166,054	9,067	231	106	0	frequency-shift keying	modulation scheme for transmissions	[ "FSK" ]
41,194	1,106,148,116	Frequency_standard	[ { "plaintext": "A frequency standard is a stable oscillator used for frequency calibration or reference. A frequency standard generates a fundamental frequency with a high degree of accuracy and precision. Harmonics of this fundamental frequency are used to provide reference points.", "section_idx": 0, ...	[ "Electronics_standards", "Frequency" ]	362,396	361	21	21	0	Frequency standard	stable oscillator used for frequency calibration or reference	[]
41,196	1,067,048,318	Fresnel_zone	[ { "plaintext": "A Fresnel zone ( ), named after physicist Augustin-Jean Fresnel, is one of a series of confocal prolate ellipsoidal regions of space between and around a transmitter and a receiver. The primary wave will travel in a relative straight line from the transmitter to the receiver. Aberrant transmi...	[ "Diffraction", "Radio_frequency_propagation" ]	1,455,719	4,003	42	49	0	Fresnel zone	region of space between a transmitting and receiving antenna	[]
41,197	1,030,460,588	Front-to-back_ratio	[ { "plaintext": "In telecommunication, the term front-to-back ratio (also known as front-to-rear ratio) can mean:", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "The ratio of power gain between the front and rear of a direct...	[ "Antennas", "Engineering_ratios" ]	5,505,772	336	6	10	0	Front-to-back ratio		[]
41,199	713,029,233	FTS2000	[ { "plaintext": "Federal Telecommunications System 2000 (FTS2000) is a long distance telecommunications service for the United States federal government, including services such as switched voice service for voice or data up to 4.8 kbit/s, switched data at 56 kbit/s and 64 kbit/s, switched digital integrated ser...	[ "Telecommunication_services", "Telecommunications_in_the_United_States" ]	5,427,221	45	3	16	0	FTS2000		[]
41,200	1,099,422,872	Full_width_at_half_maximum	[ { "plaintext": "In a distribution, full width at half maximum (FWHM) is the difference between the two values of the independent variable at which the dependent variable is equal to half of its maximum value. In other words, it is the width of a spectrum curve measured between those points on the y-axis which a...	[ "Statistical_deviation_and_dispersion", "Telecommunication_theory", "Waves" ]	1,065,170	10,758	111	25	0	full width at half maximum		[ "FWHM" ]
41,201	882,107,853	Functional_profile	[ { "plaintext": "In telecommunication, a functional profile is a standardization document that characterizes the requirements of a standard or group of standards, and specifies how the options and ambiguities in the standard(s) should be interpreted or implemented to (a) provide a particular information technolo...	[ "Telecommunications_standards" ]	5,508,840	37	2	6	0	Functional profile		[]
41,202	1,093,246,583	Fuse	[ { "plaintext": "Fuse or FUSE may refer to:", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Fuse (electrical), a device used in electrical systems to protect against excessive current", "section_idx": 1, "section_na...	[]	1,475,291	981	4	49	0	Fuse	Wikimedia disambiguation page	[]
41,203	1,041,954,457	Garble	[ { "plaintext": "Garble may refer to:", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Garble (My Little Pony), a character in My Little Pony", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids":...	[]	5,522,032	37	0	3	0	Garble	Wiktionary redirect	[]
41,204	1,080,707,386	Gateway	[ { "plaintext": "Gateway often refers to:", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "A gate or portal", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 12821, 5185317 ]...	[]	232,330	1,925	8	67	0	Gateway	Wikimedia disambiguation page	[]
41,205	829,842,976	Gating	[ { "plaintext": "Gating may refer to:", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Gating (electrophysiology), the opening (activation) or closing (deactivation) of ion channels ", "section_idx": 1, "section_name"...	[]	5,527,424	205	2	13	0	Gating	Wikimedia disambiguation page	[]
41,206	1,104,835,733	Gaussian_beam	[ { "plaintext": "In optics, a Gaussian beam is a beam of electromagnetic radiation with high monochromaticity whose amplitude envelope in the transverse plane is given by a Gaussian function; this also implies a Gaussian intensity (irradiance) profile. This fundamental (or TEM00) transverse Gaussian mode describ...	[ "Physical_optics", "Laser_science", "Electromagnetic_radiation" ]	944,873	13,199	119	94	0	Gaussian beam	field of radiation (e.g. electromagnetic wave) whose amplitude is described by the Gaussian function	[]
41,207	1,107,918,607	Gel	[ { "plaintext": "A gel is a semi-solid that can have properties ranging from soft and weak to hard and tough. Gels are defined as a substantially dilute cross-linked system, which exhibits no flow when in the steady-state, although the liquid phase may still diffuse through this system. A gel has been defined ph...	[ "Articles_containing_video_clips", "Colloids", "Dosage_forms", "Drug_delivery_devices", "Gels", "Physical_chemistry" ]	185,744	7,420	449	117	0	gel	solid jelly-like material that can have properties ranging from soft and weak to hard and tough. Gels are defined as a substantially dilute cross-linked system, which exhibits no flow when in the steady-state	[]
41,210	1,095,018,341	Geostationary_orbit	[ { "plaintext": "A geostationary orbit, also referred to as a geosynchronous equatorial orbit (GEO), is a circular geosynchronous orbit in altitude above Earth's Equator ( in radius from Earth's center) and following the direction of Earth's rotation.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", ...	[ "Astrodynamics", "Earth_orbits", "Satellites_in_geostationary_orbit" ]	192,316	16,972	1,066	156	1	geostationary orbit	circular orbit above the Earth's equator and following the direction of the Earth's rotation	[ "geostationary Earth orbit", "geosynchronous equatorial orbit", "GEO" ]
41,211	1,075,195,283	Graded-index_fiber	[ { "plaintext": "A graded-index or gradient-index fiber is an optical fiber whose core has a refractive index that decreases with increasing radial distance from the optical axis of the fiber.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 3372377, 3372377, ...	[ "Optical_fiber" ]	5,591,869	934	20	13	0	Graded-index fiber	optical fiber whose core has a refractive index	[]
41,212	1,017,861,347	Grade_of_service	[ { "plaintext": "In telecommunication engineering, and in particular teletraffic engineering, the quality of voice service is specified by two measures: the grade of service (GoS) and the quality of service (QoS).", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 33094374...	[ "Telecommunications_engineering", "Teletraffic" ]	5,591,862	453	20	20	0	Grade of service	the quality of voice service in telecommunications	[]
41,214	1,090,776,688	Graphic_character	[ { "plaintext": "In ISO/IEC 646 (commonly known as ASCII) and related standards including ISO 8859 and Unicode, a graphic character is any character intended to be written, printed, or otherwise displayed in a form that can be read by humans. In other words, it is any encoded character that is associated with on...	[ "Character_encoding" ]	4,361,975	295	31	27	0	graphic character	encoded character that is associated with one or more glyphs	[]
41,215	1,106,146,716	Ground_(electricity)	[ { "plaintext": "In electrical engineering, ground or earth is a reference point in an electrical circuit from which voltages are measured, a common return path for electric current, or a direct physical connection to the Earth.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [...	[ "Electric_power", "Electrical_safety", "Electrical_wiring", "Power_engineering", "Electric_power_distribution" ]	6,501,125	15,472	439	120	0	ground	reference point in an electrical circuit from which voltages are measured	[ "ground (electricity)", "earth", "electrical ground", "electrical earth", "0 V", "0V", "+0 V", "+0V", "circuit ground", "voltage reference", "GND" ]
41,216	995,701,606	Ground_constants	[ { "plaintext": "In telecommunication, ground constants are the electrical parameters of earth: electrical conductivity, σ, electrical permittivity, ε, and magnetic permeability, μ.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 33094374, 37738, 61580, ...	[ "Telecommunications_engineering" ]	16,908,669	11	3	9	0	Ground constants		[]
41,217	682,949,391	Ground_loop	[ { "plaintext": "Ground loop may refer to:", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": " Ground loop (electricity), an unwanted electric current that flows in a conductor connecting two points inadvertently having differe...	[]	5,610,945	94	0	3	0	Ground loop	Wikimedia disambiguation page	[]
41,218	1,099,301,481	Ground_plane	[ { "plaintext": "In electrical engineering, a ground plane is an electrically conductive surface, usually connected to electrical ground.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 9531, 198984, 41215 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 3, ...	[ "Antennas", "Telecommunications_infrastructure" ]	1,547,722	2,504	92	54	0	Ground plane	in electrical engineering	[]
41,219	1,090,169,625	Ground_wave	[ { "plaintext": "Ground waves are radio waves propagating parallel to and adjacent to the surface of the Earth, following the curvature of the Earth. This radiation is known as Norton surface wave, or more properly Norton ground wave, because ground waves in radio propagation are not confined to the surface. ",...	[ "Radio_frequency_propagation" ]	5,610,983	1,213	52	36	0	ground wave		[]
41,220	1,084,630,783	Group_alerting_and_dispatching_system	[ { "plaintext": "In telecommunication, a group alerting and dispatching system is a service feature that (a) enables a controlling telephone to place a call to a specified number of telephones simultaneously, (b) enables the call to be recorded, (c) if any of the called lines is busy, enables the equipment to ca...	[ "Telephony" ]	5,611,206	9	1	6	0	Group alerting and dispatching system		[]
41,222	1,106,899,755	Group_delay_and_phase_delay	[ { "plaintext": "In signal processing, group delay and phase delay are delay times experienced by a signal's various Frequency components when the signal passes through a system that is linear time-invariant (LTI), such as a microphone, coaxial cable, amplifier, loudspeaker, telecommunications system or ethernet...	[ "Optics", "Waves", "Signal_processing", "Electrical_engineering" ]	365,988	4,100	85	64	0	Group delay and phase delay	delays experienced through a linear time-invariant system	[]
41,223	1,064,770,814	Guided_ray	[ { "plaintext": "A guided ray (also bound ray or trapped ray) is a ray of light in a multi-mode optical fiber, which is confined by the core.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 3364761, 2940457, 3372377 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ ...	[ "Fiber_optics" ]	5,615,497	52	17	12	0	Guided ray		[]
41,224	1,085,872,735	Hagelbarger_code	[ { "plaintext": "In telecommunication, a Hagelbarger code is a convolutional code that enables error bursts to be corrected provided that there are relatively long error-free intervals between the error bursts. ", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 33094374, ...	[ "Error_detection_and_correction" ]	5,638,580	29	1	5	0	Hagelbarger code	error-correcting code	[]
41,225	1,069,877,425	Halftone_characteristic	[ { "plaintext": "In a facsimile system the halftone characteristic is either:", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 10826 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 5, 14 ] ] }, { "plaintext": " the relationship between the density ...	[ "Fax" ]	5,641,916	3	1	5	0	Halftone characteristic	characteristic in facsimile systems	[]
41,226	1,065,900,025	Hamming_code	[ { "plaintext": "In computer science and telecommunication, Hamming codes are a family of linear error-correcting codes. Hamming codes can detect one-bit and two-bit errors, or correct one-bit errors without detection of uncorrected errors. By contrast, the simple parity code cannot correct errors, and can detec...	[ "American_inventions", "Coding_theory", "Error_detection_and_correction", "Computer_arithmetic", "1951_in_computing" ]	853,922	10,743	108	49	0	Hamming code	Error correcting hamming code	[]
41,227	1,099,535,531	Hamming_distance	[ { "plaintext": "In information theory, the Hamming distance between two strings of equal length is the number of positions at which the corresponding symbols are different. In other words, it measures the minimum number of substitutions required to change one string into the other, or the minimum number of erro...	[ "String_metrics", "Coding_theory", "Articles_with_example_Python_(programming_language)_code", "Articles_with_example_C++_code", "Metric_geometry", "Cubes" ]	272,172	12,536	215	57	0	Hamming distance	number of bits that differ between two strings	[]
41,229	1,089,433,717	Handshaking	[ { "plaintext": "In computing, a handshake is a signal between two devices or programs, used to, e.g., authenticate, coordinate. An example is the handshaking between a hypervisor and an application in a guest virtual machine.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ ...	[ "Data_transmission", "Network_architecture", "Network_protocols" ]	548,838	4,884	67	22	0	handshaking	automated process of negotiation that dynamically sets parameters of a communications channel established between two entities before normal communication over the channel begins	[ "Handshake" ]
41,230	1,092,836,444	Hard_copy	[ { "plaintext": "In information handling, the U.S. Federal Standard 1037C (Glossary of Telecommunication Terms) defines a hard copy as a permanent reproduction, or copy, in the form of a physical object, of any media suitable for direct use by a person (in particular paper), of displayed or transmitted data. Exa...	[ "Information_technology" ]	5,372,066	2,155	74	19	0	hard copy	printed or photographic material generated from a microform or digital source, usually refers to prints on paper, but the substrate may be of any material	[ "physical copy", "hardcopies", "reprographic copies", "printout", "printed copy", "paper copy", "physical edition", "dead-tree edition", "dead tree", "dead-tree version", "physical version" ]
41,231	752,174,733	Hard_sectoring	[ { "plaintext": "Hard sectoring in a magnetic or optical data storage device is a form of sectoring which uses a physical mark or hole in the recording medium to reference sector locations.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 896356, 41458, 28174...	[ "Rotating_disc_computer_storage_media" ]	5,655,594	82	8	8	0	Hard sectoring		[]
41,232	1,089,309,050	Harmonic	[ { "plaintext": "A harmonic is a wave with a frequency that is a positive integer multiple of the fundamental frequency, the frequency of the original periodic signal, such as a sinusoidal wave. The original signal is also called the 1st harmonic, the other harmonics are known as higher harmonics. As all harmoni...	[ "Acoustics", "Guitar_performance_techniques", "Telecommunications", "String_instruments", "Sound" ]	1,148,098	10,146	708	74	0	harmonic	component of a wave whose frequency is a multiple of the fundamental frequency	[ "overtone", "partial", "upper partial", "harmonic component" ]
41,233	890,096,885	H_channel	[ { "plaintext": "In the Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN), a high-speed communication channel comprising multiple aggregated low-speed channels to accommodate bandwidth-intensive applications such as file transfer, videoconferencing, and high-quality audio. An H channel is formed of multiple bearer B ch...	[ "Integrated_Services_Digital_Network" ]	1,495,305	80	4	12	0	H channel	ISDN channel	[]
41,234	1,102,912,310	Heterodyne	[ { "plaintext": "A heterodyne is a signal frequency that is created by combining or mixing two other frequencies using a signal processing technique called heterodyning, which was invented by Canadian inventor-engineer Reginald Fessenden. Heterodyning is used to shift signals from one frequency range into anothe...	[ "Frequency_mixers", "Signal_processing" ]	760,140	6,035	163	121	0	heterodyne	electronic oscillator	[]
41,236	1,013,807,588	Heuristic_routing	[ { "plaintext": "Heuristic routing is a system used to describe how deliveries are made when problems in a network topology arise. Heuristic is an adjective used in relation to methods of learning, discovery, or problem solving. Routing is the process of selecting paths to specific destinations. Heuristic routin...	[ "Heuristic_algorithms", "Routing" ]	5,748,257	126	7	22	0	Heuristic routing		[]
41,237	1,107,678,176	Hierarchical_routing	[ { "plaintext": "Hierarchical routing is a method of routing in networks that is based on hierarchical addressing.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 25750, 8168925 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 37, 44 ], [ ...	[ "Routing" ]	12,878,103	225	11	17	0	hierarchical routing	network routing based on hierarchical addressing	[]
41,239	1,009,288,235	High-performance_equipment	[ { "plaintext": "High-performance equipment describes telecommunications equipment that", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 33094374 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 37, 55 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "(a) has the performance ...	[ "Telecommunications_equipment" ]	5,754,616	18	2	3	0	High-performance equipment	telecommunications equipment	[]
41,240	1,038,696,075	Hop	[ { "plaintext": "A hop is a type of jump.", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [ 43609 ], "anchor_spans": [ [ 19, 23 ] ] }, { "plaintext": "Hop or hops may also refer to:", "section_idx": 0, "section_name"...	[ "Lists_of_people_by_nickname" ]	296,976	810	6	45	0	Hop	Wikimedia disambiguation page	[]
41,242	1,071,936,615	Horn	[ { "plaintext": "Horn most often refers to:", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", "target_page_ids": [], "anchor_spans": [] }, { "plaintext": "Horn (acoustic), a conical or bell shaped aperture used to guide sound", "section_idx": 0, "section_name": "Introduction", ...	[]	224,077	2,184	6	44	0	Horn	Wikimedia disambiguation page	[]

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