text stringlengths 5 1.02k | source stringclasses 1
value |
|---|---|
"Augmented map-Interface-In addition to the interface for a standard ordered map, the augmented map should also support functions for range sums. In particular: aug_left (m,k) : returns the augmented value of all entries in m with keys no more than k aug_right (m,k) : returns the augmented value of all entries in m ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Book Citation Index-Book Citation Index-The Book Citation Index (BCI, BKCI) is an online subscription-based scientific citation indexing service maintained by Clarivate Analytics and is part of the Web of Science Core Collection. It was first launched in 2011 and indexes over 60,000 editorially selected books, startin... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Mobile payment-Carrier billing-In comparison to premium short code programs which often exist in isolation, relationship marketing and payment systems are often integrated with CRM, ERP, marketing-automation platforms, and reservation systems. Many of the problems inherent with premium SMS have been addressed by solut... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Definable real number-Definable real number-Different choices of a formal language or its interpretation give rise to different notions of definability. Specific varieties of definable numbers include the constructible numbers of geometry, the algebraic numbers, and the computable numbers. Because formal languages can... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Syntax-Theoretical syntactic models-Categorial grammar Categorial grammar is an approach in which constituents combine as function and argument, according to combinatory possibilities specified in their syntactic categories. For example, other approaches might posit a rule that combines a noun phrase (NP) and a verb p... | large_corpus_distillation |
"PL/I-Implementations-IBM PL/I optimizing and checkout compilers The PL/I Optimizer and Checkout compilers produced in Hursley support a common level of PL/I language and aimed to replace the PL/I F compiler. The checkout compiler is a rewrite of PL/I F in BSL, IBM's PL/I-like proprietary implementation language (later... | large_corpus_distillation |
A two-party computation protocol is secure if for all adversaries there exists a successful simulator." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Ellipsis-In different languages-In French In French, the ellipsis is commonly used at the end of lists to represent et cetera. In French typography, the ellipsis is written immediately after the preceding word, but has a space after it, for example: comme \u00e7a... pas comme ceci. If, exceptionally, it begins a sente... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Bucket queue-Bucket queue-The bucket queue is the priority-queue analogue of pigeonhole sort (also called bucket sort), a sorting algorithm that places elements into buckets indexed by their priorities and then concatenates the buckets. Using a bucket queue as the priority queue in a selection sort gives a form of the... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Inversion list-Inversion list-In computer science, an inversion list is a data structure that describes a set of non-overlapping numeric ranges, stored in increasing order.\nThe set is stored in an array. Every other element is the first element of a range, and every other element is the first element after that range... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Substitution cipher-Types-Using this system, the keyword \"zebras\" gives us the following alphabets: A message flee at once. we are discovered! enciphers to SIAA ZQ LKBA. VA ZOA RFPBLUAOAR! Usually the ciphertext is written out in blocks of fixed length, omitting punctuation and spaces; this is done to disguise word... | large_corpus_distillation |
conjecture is difficult only for odd values of n , and if negative values were allowed then the problem could be solved for every odd n by the following formula: " | large_corpus_distillation |
"Cryptography-Modern cryptography-The X.509 standard defines the most commonly used format for public key certificates.Diffie and Hellman's publication sparked widespread academic efforts in finding a practical public-key encryption system. This race was finally won in 1978 by Ronald Rivest, Adi Shamir, and Len Adleman... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Mobile payment-Carrier billing-Convenience \u2013 no pre-registration and no new mobile software is required.\nEasy \u2013 It is just another option during the checkout process.\nFast \u2013 most transactions are completed in less than 10 seconds." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Tajima's D-Interpreting Tajima's D-A negative Tajima's D signifies an excess of low frequency polymorphisms relative to expectation, indicating population size expansion (e.g., after a bottleneck or a selective sweep). A positive Tajima's D signifies low levels of both low and high frequency polymorphisms, indicating ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Variety (cybernetics)-Law of requisite variety-It is not possible for R to reduce the outcomes any further and still respond to all potential moves from D , but it is possible that another table of the same shape would not allow R to do so well. Requisite variety is necessary, but not sufficient to control the outc... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Lexical resource-Characteristics-Different standards for the machine-readable edition of lexical resources exist, e.g., Lexical Markup Framework (LMF) an ISO standard for encoding lexical resources, comprising an abstract data model and an XML serialization, and OntoLex-Lemon, an RDF vocabulary for publishing lexical ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Evolution-Data Optimized-Standard revisions-The EV-DO Rev. C standard was specified by 3GPP2 to improve the CDMA2000 mobile phone standard for next generation applications and requirements. It was proposed by Qualcomm as the natural evolution path for CDMA2000 and the specifications were published by 3GPP2 (C.S0084-*)... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Hardware-in-the-loop simulation-Uses-Tight development schedules The tight development schedules associated with most new automotive, aerospace and defense programs do not allow embedded system testing to wait for a prototype to be available. In fact, most new development schedules assume that HIL simulation will be u... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Thread (computing)-Single-threaded vs multithreaded programs-Other synchronization APIs include condition variables, critical sections, semaphores, and monitors." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Clock drift-Timing attack-In 2006, a side channel attack was published that exploited clock skew based on CPU heating. The attacker causes heavy CPU load on a pseudonymous server (Tor hidden service), causing CPU heating. CPU heating is correlated with clock skew, which can be detected by observing timestamps (under t... | large_corpus_distillation |
"The Hardest Logic Puzzle Ever-The solution-Random's behavior Boolos' third clarifying remark explains Random's behavior as follows: Whether Random speaks truly or not should be thought of as depending on the flip of a coin hidden in his brain: if the coin comes down heads, he speaks truly; if tails, falsely.This does ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Subject (grammar)-Difficult cases-There are problems.In sentence 1, the first criterion (agreement) and the second criterion (position occupied) suggest that there is the subject, whereas the third criterion (semantic role) suggests rather that problems is the subject. In sentence 2, in contrast, agreement and semanti... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Enumeration algorithm-Examples of enumeration problems-The vertex enumeration problem, where we are given a polytope described as a system of linear inequalities and we must enumerate the vertices of the polytope.\nEnumerating the minimal transversals of a hypergraph. This problem is related to monotone dualization an... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Consensus (computer science)-Equivalency of agreement problems-Termination: All processes must eventually decide on an output value Weak Interactive Consistency For n processes in a partially synchronous system (the system alternates between good and bad periods of synchrony), each process chooses a private value. The... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Enron Corpus-Enron Corpus-The Enron Corpus is a database of over 600,000 emails generated by 158 employees of the Enron Corporation in the years leading up to the company's collapse in December 2001. The corpus was generated from Enron email servers by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) during its subsequ... | large_corpus_distillation |
22 is characteristic of the second form of RTS." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Distributed morphology-Distributed morphology approach to core theoretical issues-Crosslinguistic variation Since the model of Distributed Morphology consists of three lists (Formative List, Exponent List, Encyclopedia), we expect crosslinguistic variation to be located in all three of them. The feature bundles and th... | large_corpus_distillation |
"CUDA-Ontology-The following table offers a non-exact description for the ontology of CUDA framework." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Intel Core (microarchitecture)-Chip errata-Floating point instruction non-coherencies.\nAllowed memory corruptions outside of the range of permitted writing for a process by running common instruction sequences.Intel errata Ax39, Ax43, Ax65, Ax79, Ax90, Ax99 are said to be particularly serious. 39, 43, 79, which can c... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Monoidal category-Monoidal category-A rather different application, of which monoidal categories can be considered an abstraction, is that of a system of data types closed under a type constructor that takes two types and builds an aggregate type; the types are the objects and \u2297 is the aggregate constructor. The... | large_corpus_distillation |
"for n\u22651 and let Z i n=U n +U n\u22121 +...+Un\u2212i+1 for 1\u2264i\u2264n. Then for every \u03b1>0, and\nn\u22651, W n =max[0,Z n 1,Z n 2,...,Z n n ]. Also, Pr{W n \u2265\u03b1} is the probability that the random n walk based on {U i ;i\u22651}\ncrosses a threshold at \u03b1 on or before the nth trial. Finally, ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Elastic scoring-Techniques-Besides providing alternative instrumentation in the form of sheet music parts, the elastic scoring concept allows three subsets of scoring music." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Hedge (finance)-Natural hedges-Another example is a company that opens a subsidiary in another country and borrows in the foreign currency to finance its operations, even though the foreign interest rate may be more expensive than in its home country: by matching the debt payments to expected revenues in the foreign c... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Decompiler-Design-Disassembly The next logical phase is the disassembly of machine code instructions into a machine independent intermediate representation (IR). For example, the Pentium machine instruction might be translated to the IR Idioms Idiomatic machine code sequences are sequences of code whose combined seman... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Large deviations of Gaussian random functions-Basic statement-Let M be the maximal value of a Gaussian random function X on the (two-dimensional) sphere. Assume that the expected value of X is 0 (at every point of the sphere), and the standard deviation of X is 1 (at every point of the sphere). Then, for large ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Distributed search engine-History-YaCy On December 15, 2003 Michael Christen announced development of a P2P-based search engine, eventually named YaCy, on the heise online forums.\nDews A theoretical design for a distributed search engine discussed in academic literature.\nSeeks Seeks was an open source websearch prox... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Irrational number-Irrational number-Irrational numbers can also be expressed as non-terminating continued fractions and many other ways.\nAs a consequence of Cantor's proof that the real numbers are uncountable and the rationals countable, it follows that almost all real numbers are irrational." | large_corpus_distillation |
"SWIM Protocol-Properties-The protocol provides the following guarantees: Strong Completeness: Full completeness is guaranteed (e.g. the crash-failure of any node in the group is eventually detected by all live nodes).\nDetection Time: The expected value of detection time (from node failure to detection) is T\u2032\u0... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Diffeology-Formal definition-Morphisms A map between diffeological spaces is called smooth if and only if its composite with any plot of the first space is a plot of the second space. It is called a diffeomorphism if it is smooth, bijective, and its inverse is also smooth. By construction, given a diffeological space ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"ISO basic Latin alphabet-Usage-All of the lowercase letters are used in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). In X-SAMPA and SAMPA these letters have the same sound value as in IPA.\nAlphabets containing the same set of letters The list below only includes alphabets that lack: letters whose diacritical marks make... | large_corpus_distillation |
object. For example, the last statement, corresponding to object 10 , states that all the following must be satisfied: Either P1 must have value 2, or P3 must have value 0, or both." | large_corpus_distillation |
"SCImago Journal Rank-Rationale-However, studies of methodological quality and reliability have found that \"reliability of published research works in several fields may be decreasing with increasing journal rank\", contrary to widespread expectations.The calculation of the SJR indicator is similar to the Eigenfactor ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Abstract economy-Abstract economy with utility functions-A utility function Vi:Yi\u2192R . This represents the preferences of the agent. Note that the utility of a consumer depends only on his own consumption, rather than on the entire allocation.Define the set of possible price-vectors as: := {p\u2208R+l|\u2211i=1l... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Decision model-Evaluation-Evaluation is the second and most algorithmic stage in using formal decision methods. For a decision being made once, the objective of the evaluation stage is to produce a formal recommendation (and its associated sensitivities) from a formal model of the decision situation. For a repeatable ... | large_corpus_distillation |
of going to j; eventually this possibility will occur with no\nfurther returns to i.\n\uf1b3 Theorem 3.2.1\nFor finite-state Markov chains, either all states in a class are transient or all are recurrent.2\nProof\nAssume that state i is transient (i.e., for some j, i\u2192j but j\u219bi) and suppose that i and m are in... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Noisy-channel coding theorem-Mathematical statement-Theorem (Shannon, 1948): 1. For every discrete memoryless channel, the channel capacity, defined in terms of the mutual information I(X;Y) as sup pXI(X;Y) has the following property. For any \u03f5>0 and R<C , for large enough N , there exists a code of length N... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Cognitive complexity-History-First proposed by James Bieri in 1955 with Cognitive complexity-simplicity and predictive behavior which was published that year in The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology. In the article, he tests two hypotheses: There should be a positive relationship between degree of cognitive co... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Part of speech-History-Article (describes, limits) a grammatical marker of definiteness (the) or indefiniteness (a, an). The article is not always listed among the parts of speech. It is considered by some grammarians to be a type of adjective or sometimes the term 'determiner' (a broader class) is used.English words ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Elliptic (company)-Elliptic (company)-Elliptic Ltd. is a London-based blockchain analysis provider founded in 2013." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Differential operator-Definition-The polynomial p obtained by replacing D by variables \u03be in P is called the total symbol of P; i.e., the total symbol of P above is: where \u03be\u03b1=\u03be1\u03b11\u22ef\u03ben\u03b1n." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Probability integral transform-Examples-For a first, illustrative example, let X be a random variable with a standard normal distribution N(0,1) . Then its CDF is erf \u2061(x2)],x\u2208R, where erf \u2061(), is the error function. Then the new random variable Y, defined by := \u03a6(X), is uniformly distributed.... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Computer Othello-Solving Othello-Othello 4 \u00d7 4 Othello 4x4 has a very small game tree and has been solved in less than one second by many simple Othello programs that use the Minimax method, which generates all possible positions (nearly 10 million). The result is that white wins with a +8 margin (3-11).\nOthello... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Document-term matrix-Applications-Improving search results Latent semantic analysis (LSA, performing singular-value decomposition on the document-term matrix) can improve search results by disambiguating polysemous words and searching for synonyms of the query. However, searching in the high-dimensional continuous spa... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Glossary of Principia Mathematica-Glossary-diversity The inequality relation domain The domain of a relation R is the class of x such that xRy for some y.\nelementary proposition A proposition built from atomic propositions using \"or\" and \"not\", but with no bound variables Epimenides Epimenides was a legendary Cre... | large_corpus_distillation |
"IOS 10-App features-News The News app, taking cues from the Music layout, has been redesigned to incorporate bold headings and a newspaper-esque layout in the redesigned \"For You\" tab. News also features support for subscriptions and provides notifications for breaking news.\nNotes Notes now has a collaboration feat... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Linker (computing)-Static linking-Static linking is the result of the linker copying all library routines used in the program into the executable image. This may require more disk space and memory than dynamic linking, but is more portable, since it does not require the presence of the library on the system where it r... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Pin (computer program)-Tools-There are many Pintools that are used for varying tasks.\nComponents of Intel Parallel Studio make heavy use of pintools for memory debugging, performance analysis, multithreading correctness analysis and parallelization preparation.\nIntel Software Development Emulator is a pintool that e... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Reserve currency-Major reserve currencies-Euro The euro is currently the second most commonly held reserve currency, representing about 20% of international foreign currency reserves. After World War II and the rebuilding of the German economy, the German Deutsche Mark gained the status of the second most important re... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Elliptic curve only hash-Properties-Incrementality: ECOH of a message can be updated quickly, given a small change in the message and an intermediate value in ECOH computation.\nParallelizability: This means the computation of the Pi\u2032s can be done on parallel systems.\nSpeed: The ECOH algorithm is about thousand... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Frogbit (cipher)-Frogbit (cipher)-In cryptography, Frogbit is a stream cypher algorithm developed by Thierry Moreau and is patented. It includes a message authentication code feature. It has been submitted to the eSTREAM Project of the eCRYPT network. It has not been selected as a focus algorithm nor for Phase 2; it h... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Random number generator attack-Prominent examples-Java nonce collision In August 2013, it was revealed that bugs in the Java class SecureRandom could generate collisions in the k nonce values used for ECDSA in implementations of Bitcoin on Android. When this occurred the private key could be recovered, in turn allowin... | large_corpus_distillation |
step is to use a geometric argument to show that \u230aqp\u230b+\u230a2qp\u230b+\u22ef+\u230amqp\u230b+\u230apq\u230b+\u230a2pq\u230b+\u22ef+\u230anpq\u230b=mn.\nCombining these formulas gives quadratic reciprocity in the form (pq)(qp)=(\u22121)mn=(\u22121)p\u221212q\u221212.\nThere are formulas that use floor to expre... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Fr\u00e9chet inequalities-Proofs-To get the upper bound, recall that P(A & B) = P(A|B) P(B) = P(B|A) P(A). Because P(A|B) \u2264 1 and P(B|A) \u2264 1, we know P(A & B) \u2264 P(A) and P(A & B) \u2264 P(B). Therefore, P(A & B) \u2264 min(P(A), P(B)), which is the upper bound.\nThe best-possible nature of these bounds ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Dynamic substructuring-Dynamic substructuring-Large and/or complex systems can be optimized on substructure level.\nNumerical computation load can be reduced as solving several substructures is computationally less demanding than solving one large system." | large_corpus_distillation |
"K\u0151nig's theorem (graph theory)-Statement of the theorem-In any bipartite graph, the number of edges in a maximum matching equals the number of vertices in a minimum vertex cover." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Handicap (golf)-Features of handicapping systems-Playing or course handicap In most major handicapping systems, a golfer does not use their exact handicap (or handicap index) directly, but use it to produce their playing or course handicap. For some systems, this means simply rounding the exact handicap to the nearest... | large_corpus_distillation |
subspace. However, there exists no G -invariant complement to this subspace. The assumption that such a complement exists would entail that every matrix is diagonalizable over C.\nThis is known to be wrong and thus yields a contradiction.\nThe moral of the story is that if we consider infinite groups, it is possible ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"YaDICs-Theoretical background-The Gauss-Newton method is a very efficient method that needs to solve a [M]{U}={F}. On 10003 voxels \u00b5-tomographic image the number of degrees of freedom can reach 1e6 (i.e: on a 12\u00d712\u00d712 mesh), dealing with such a problem is more a matter of numerical scientists and requir... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Q11\n120 5\nA variable is normally distributed with a mean of and a standard deviation of . Four scores are randomly sampled. What is the\n127\nprobability that the mean of the four scores is above ? (relevant section)\nQ12\n0.30 84\nThe correlation between self esteem and extraversion is . A sample of is taken.\n0.10... | large_corpus_distillation |
"PLS (complexity)-Reductions-Definition Tight PLS-reduction A PLS-reduction (f,g) from a local search problem L1 to a local search problem L2 is a tight PLS-reduction if for any instance I1 of L1 , a subset R of solutions of instance I2=f(I1) of L2 can be chosen, so that the following properties are satisfied: ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Expressive power (computer science)-Examples-In this area, the cost of expressive power is a central topic of study. It is known, for instance, that deciding whether two arbitrary regular expressions describe the same set of strings is hard, while doing the same for arbitrary context-free grammars is completely imposs... | large_corpus_distillation |
encoded bits, according to the following table (distance slots 0\u22123 directly encode distances 0\u22123)." | large_corpus_distillation |
"International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security-2008: Polytechnic University of Catalonia (UPC) Barcelona, Spain-In 2008 the keynotes of the ARES conference were held by: Prof. Ravi Sandhu, Executive Director, Chief Scientist and Founder, Institute for Cyber Security (ICS) and Lutcher Brown Endowed ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"40,000-Selected numbers in the range 40001\u201349999-42000 to 42999 42680 = octahedral number 42875 = 353 42925 = square pyramidal number 43000 to 43999 43261 = Markov number 43390 = number of primes 19 43560 = pentagonal pyramidal number 43691 = Wagstaff prime 43777 = smallest member of a prime sextuplet 44000 to 4... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Data integration-Theory-In LAV systems, queries undergo a more radical process of rewriting because no mediator exists to align the user's query with a simple expansion strategy. The integration system must execute a search over the space of possible queries in order to find the best rewrite. The resulting rewrite may... | large_corpus_distillation |
"L-estimator-Efficiency-However, for a large data set (over 100 points) from a symmetric population, the mean can be estimated reasonably efficiently relative to the best estimate by L-estimators. Using a single point, this is done by taking the median of the sample, with no calculations required (other than sorting); ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Curse of dimensionality-Domains-Anomaly detection In a 2012 survey, Zimek et al. identified the following problems when searching for anomalies in high-dimensional data: Concentration of scores and distances: derived values such as distances become numerically similar Irrelevant attributes: in high dimensional data, a... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Firefly (cache coherence protocol)-Transitions-If a block is already cached in the Valid state, a processor write hit changes the state to Dirty state as no other cache has the copy of data. This write is not written through to memory.\nIf a block is cached in the Dirty state and a processor write hit occurs, then the... | large_corpus_distillation |
\u2264 1), with the modes located at the ends of the distribution. As Mosteller and Tukey remark ( p. 207) \"the average of the two extreme observations uses all the sample information. This illustrates how, for short-tailed distributions, the extreme observations should get more weight.\" By contrast, it follows that ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Modular arithmetic-Residue systems-{5, 15}, since a complete residue system modulo 4 must have exactly 4 incongruent residue classes.\nReduced residue systems Given the Euler's totient function \u03c6(n), any set of \u03c6(n) integers that are relatively prime to n and mutually incongruent under modulus n is called a ... | large_corpus_distillation |
continuous-wave lasers with extremely high spectral purity and pulsed lasers for analyses involving limited atoms. Continuous-wave lasers however are often preferred to pulsed lasers due to the latter's relatively low duty cycle since they can only produce photo ions during the brief later pulses, and the difficulty in... | large_corpus_distillation |
"PL/I-Special topics in PL/I-PL/I's default storage class for INTERNAL variables is AUTOMATIC, similar to that of other block-structured languages influenced by ALGOL, like the \"auto\" storage class in the C language, and default storage allocation in Pascal and \"local-storage\" in IBM COBOL. Storage for AUTOMATIC va... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Call stack-Use-For instruction set architectures in which the instruction used to call a subroutine puts the return address into a register, rather than pushing it onto the stack, the prologue will commonly save the return address by pushing the value onto the call stack, although if the called subroutine does not cal... | large_corpus_distillation |
"CPU cache-Associativity-Two-way skewed associative cache Other schemes have been suggested, such as the skewed cache, where the index for way 0 is direct, as above, but the index for way 1 is formed with a hash function. A good hash function has the property that addresses which conflict with the direct mapping tend n... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Compound Poisson distribution-Compound Poisson processes-For the discrete version of compound Poisson process, it can be used in survival analysis for the frailty models." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Order of operations-Programming languages-Furthermore, because many operators are not associative, the order within any single level is usually defined by grouping left to right so that 16/4/4 is interpreted as (16/4)/4 = 1 rather than 16/(4/4) = 16; such operators are referred to as \"left associative\". Exceptions e... | large_corpus_distillation |
"AVL tree-AVL tree-The AVL tree is named after its two Soviet inventors, Georgy Adelson-Velsky and Evgenii Landis, who published it in their 1962 paper \"An algorithm for the organization of information\". It is the oldest self-balancing binary search tree data structure to be invented.AVL trees are often compared with... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Factorization of polynomials over finite fields-Factorization of polynomials over finite fields-All factorization algorithms, including the case of multivariate polynomials over the rational numbers, reduce the problem to this case; see polynomial factorization. It is also used for various applications of finite field... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Vertex cover-Computational problem-The algorithm for solving vertex cover that achieves the best asymptotic dependence on the parameter runs in time 1.2738 k+(k\u22c5n)) . The klam value of this time bound (an estimate for the largest parameter value that could be solved in a reasonable amount of time) is approximate... | large_corpus_distillation |
set; if the subset is empty this supremum is the minimum of the whole set.\nSubsets which are unbounded in the whole set.A subset is cofinal in the whole set if and only if it is unbounded in the whole set or it has a maximum which is also maximum of the whole set.\nA well-ordered set as topological space is a first-co... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Student's t-distribution-How the t-distribution arises (characterization)-Sampling distribution of t-statistic The t-distribution arises as the sampling distribution of the t-statistic. Below the one-sample t-statistic is discussed, for the corresponding two-sample t-statistic see Student's t-test.\nUnbiased variance ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Return-oriented programming-Defenses-Against control flow attacks As small embedded systems are proliferating due to the expansion of the Internet Of Things, the need for protection of such embedded systems is also increasing. Using Instruction Based Memory Access Control (IB-MAC) implemented in hardware, it is possib... | large_corpus_distillation |
"C dynamic memory allocation-Type safety-Advantages to casting Including the cast may allow a C program or function to compile as C++.\nThe cast allows for pre-1989 versions of malloc that originally returned a char *.\nCasting can help the developer identify inconsistencies in type sizing should the destination pointe... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Set (abstract data type)-Multiset-Formally, it is possible for objects in computer science to be considered \"equal\" under some equivalence relation but still distinct under another relation. Some types of multiset implementations will store distinct equal objects as separate items in the data structure; while others... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Common Criteria-Key concepts-Security Target (ST) \u2013 the document that identifies the security properties of the target of evaluation. The ST may claim conformance with one or more PPs. The TOE is evaluated against the SFRs (Security Functional Requirements. Again, see below) established in its ST, no more and no ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Ext4-Features-Unlimited number of subdirectories ext4 does not limit the number of subdirectories in a single directory, except by the inherent size limit of the directory itself. (In ext3 a directory can have at most 32,000 subdirectories.) To allow for larger directories and continued performance, ext4 in Linux 2.6.... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Extreme value theory-Univariate theory-Let X1,\u2026,Xn be a sequence of independent and identically distributed random variables with cumulative distribution function F and let max (X1,\u2026,Xn) denote the maximum.\nIn theory, the exact distribution of the maximum can be derived: Pr Pr Pr Pr (Xn\u2264z)=(F(z))n." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Rebound attack-Example attack on Whirlpool-In the match-in-the-middle step, we use the DDT table to find matching input/output differences (as found in step 1 and 2) to the SubBytes operation in round 3. Each row can be checked independently, and the expected number of solutions is 2 per S-box. In total, the expected ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Probability integral transform-Applications-A second use for the transformation is in the theory related to copulas which are a means of both defining and working with distributions for statistically dependent multivariate data. Here the problem of defining or manipulating a joint probability distribution for a set of... | large_corpus_distillation |
End of preview. Expand in Data Studio
README.md exists but content is empty.
- Downloads last month
- 4