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The CO2 atmosphere is the least of your worries. Temperature on Venus is hot enough to melt lead, one day is 243 earth days, clouds made of sulphuric acid and a pressure 90 times greater than that on earth's surface. It would be hard to conceive of a single celled organism that could survive the conditions on Venus, le... | since venus' atmosphere is mostly co_2, making it too hot for human life, what is preventing us from introducing high tolerance plant life to convert the co_2 into oxygen, to make it inhabitable? | <P> A number of approaches to terraforming are reviewed by Martyn J. Fogg (1995) and by Geoffrey A. Landis (2011). Eliminating the dense carbon dioxide atmosphere The main problem with Venus today, from a terraformation standpoint, is the very thick carbon dioxide atmosphere. The ground level pressure of Venus is 9.2 M... |
> On its way to full deuterium-tritium operation, ITER will experiment with a succession of "non-nuclear" plasma fuels. > Spread over a period of roughly seven years, hydrogen, helium (with a variable proportion of hydrogen) and deuterium campaigns—interspersed with maintenance and upgrade periods—will provide operator... | the iter fusion experiment is planned to be finished with assembly by 2021 but not start fusing until 2035. why a 14 year gap? | <P> reactors. In addition, progress in the development of advanced, low activation structural materials supports the promise of environmentally benign fusion reactors and research into alternate confinement concepts is yielding the promise of future improvements in confinement. Finally, supporters contend that other po... |
There's no way the SNP can get a majority in the UK Parliament. They are only contesting 59 out of 650 seats (the ones in Scotland). So there is no realistic way Nicola Sturgeon can become PM. She actually isn't standing for election herself anyway, because she is a member of the Scottish Parliament and Scottish First ... | what happens if the snp are voted for in the general election? | <P> Nicola Sturgeon retained her post as First Minister under an SNP minority government. 2017 United Kingdom general election The SNP underperformed against polling expectations, losing 21 seats to bring their Westminster MPs down to 35. In what was largely attributed to their stance on holding a second Scottish indep... |
This is pure conjecture, but perhaps it is a relic of past times when the value of a coin was tied to the value of the metal used to make it. Gold is the most valuable, so you could have a $5, $10, $20, etc coin, with the value determined by how much gold is in it. Silver is less valuable, and in the US, quarters were ... | why are the united states' coins and canada's coins basically the same size, shape, and color? what happened that the two countries decided this would be a good idea? | <P> Coins of the Canadian dollar Denominations There are six denominations of Canadian circulation coinage in production: 5¢, 10¢, 25¢, 50¢, $1, and $2. Officially they are each named according to their value (e.g. "10-cent piece"), but in practice only the 50-cent piece is known by that name. The three smallest coins ... |
So, to fire a gun there is a firing pin, which you can see in this gif striking the back of a cartridge, igniting the powder and firing the gun. *Most* cartridges are center fire, with a primer in the middle (the silvery middle part of the back of a cartridge) but some are rim fire. Here is an illustration of the diffe... | in films, when a gun, usually a pistol, is dropped or thrown onto the ground, it will sometimes fire. is this something real guns do too, and if so, why, since the trigger isn't being pulled? | <P> When the gun was ready to fire, a round would be in the chamber and the bolt and barrel group would be locked together, with the locking block at the rear of the bolt. When the rear of the trigger was pivoted upwards by the operator, the front of the trigger tipped downward, pulling the sear out of engagement with ... |
Very frequently it is completely marketing, with little to no research backing up the claims. "Superfood" is not a regulated term, so anyone can slap it on their product, and anyone can write a blog post claiming that anything is a superfood. That said, dietary research *is* an active science, and new discoveries are f... | who decides what the next "superfood" is? how did we not already know something is good for us? is it just a marketing ploy to get rid of old stock? | <P> and self-help books about fad diets, promising an enhancement to health. "Superfood" products were sold at a higher price than similar foods not marketed with the label. The purported health benefits and effects of foods described as superfoods are unsupported or disputed by scientific studies.
As of 2007, the mark... |
fly fishing uses an extremely light line and lure - not bait, usually something as light and basic as a small collection of feathers with a small hook. To cast, you whip the line back and forwards, feeding out more line with each pendulum swing so you can build enough momentum to send the tiny lure out far enough. This... | what is fly fishing? what differentiates it from other types of angling? | <P> Surf fishing Surf fishing is the sport of catching fish standing on the shoreline or wading in the surf. A general term, surf fishing may or may not include casting a lure or bait, and refers to all types of shore fishing – from sandy and rocky beaches, rock jetties, or even fishing piers. The terms surfcasting o... |
Define new. Mormonism is fairly new as far as religions go and in the areas it is expanding it is completely new. Scientology is fairly new and started only a few decades ago. There are lots of popular "gurus" and such in India. Falun Gong has between 10-70 million followers. All sorts of New Age BS started in the 60's... | why there are not any new popular religions? | <P> and Africa. Most have only a few members, some have thousands, and a few have more than a million members.
New religions have often faced a hostile reception from established religious organisations and various secular institutions. In Western nations, a secular anti-cult movement and a Christian countercult moveme... |
Rutherford was influenced by Prout's hypothesis that all atoms were made up of groups of hydrogen atoms, with the hydrogen atom being the fundamental particle. The logic was that the atomic weights known at the time were almost exactly integer multiples of the mass of hydrogen. If there were smaller particles, there wo... | how did ernest rutherford know that the the positively charged particles in a nucleus were equal in magnitude of charge to electrons? | <P> to give the hydrogen nucleus a special name as a particle, since he suspected that hydrogen, the lightest element, contained only one of these particles. He named this new fundamental building block of the nucleus the proton, after the neuter singular of the Greek word for "first", πρῶτον. However, Rutherford also ... |
Bismarck led the creation of a welfare state for a few main reasons: * Reduce social unrest, and prevent an uprising like the Paris Commune of 1871. Bismarck wanted to reduce worker support for the socialists, and also make sure that the working classes supported the German empire project (which realistically could hav... | what was otto von bismarck's motivation(s) for creating a welfare state in germany during the 1880s? | <P> success.... No other statesman of his standing had ever before shown the same great moderation and sound political sense of the possible and desirable.... Bismarck at least deserves full credit for having steered European politics through this dangerous transitional period without serious conflict between the great... |
Because Portugal did not have the capacity nor the inclination to fight Japan. The Portuguese East Timor garrison consisted of an understrength colonial battalion of one colonial company, a very small militia force and a mounted border police unit, a grand total of 282 men with 4 light and 6 heavy machine guns and no a... | why did portugal not declare war on japan when japan invaded portuguese east timor in the 2nd world war | <P> Indonesian invasion of East Timor Background East Timor owes its territorial distinctiveness from the rest of Timor, and the Indonesian archipelago as a whole, to being colonised by the Portuguese, rather than the Dutch; an agreement dividing the island between the two powers was signed in 1915. Colonial rule was r... |
Through out the republican and imperial periods of Roman history, important figures like consuls, generals, senators, and later emperors were issued with official types of their portraiture. This consisted of an approved (by some authority, whether the artist or subject or both is contested) bust of their head. So all ... | how did commoners before the advent of photographs recognize "famous people" in the past without seeing them before? | <P> a portrait head. In Rome, an ideal figure of a divinity might often be adapted slightly (here, for instance the chiton covers the breast) and given a separately made portrait head. Evidence that this was the case here can be seen in the locks of hair falling onto the shoulders. These are also seen in posthumous por... |
Over the past 20 years Venezuela socialized their industry and began running the government very poorly. One instance is that they started setting rules on how much stores could charge for food so that everyone could afford it. The stores couldn't afford to sell anymore so they restricted how much the farmers could cha... | why is the u.s. sanctioning venezuela? | <P> and the establishment of the Bolivarian government, improvements in healthcare were promising due to the installation of free healthcare facilities and programs, and the assistance of Cuban medical professionals. The Bolivarian government's failure to concentrate on healthcare, the reduction of healthcare spending,... |
Lyndon Johnson was a Democrat from Texas. He stunned the Southern Democrats by strongly supporting the Civil Rights Act of 1964. A huge swath of these Southern Democrats defected to the Republican Party and that greatly helped Richard Nixon win the 1968 presidential election with his southern strategy. Storm Thurmond a... | has any modern leader of a western country made a controversial decision/order that no one expected once he became the leader? | <P> Party's Solid South since the end of the Reconstruction era in the 1870s, the Democratic nomination for statewide office had long been considered tantamount to election. In 1948, the Democratic nomination for U.S. Senator to succeed the retiring W. Lee O'Daniel was won by Lyndon Johnson, who defeated the more cons... |
Is your question about the use of the word "militia" or the use of dictionaries? If you're asking about militias, the _URL_10_ definition is correct. In all the colonies, able-bodied men from the ages of 16 to 60 were typically required to join the county militia. Later on, this would change to the ages of 18 to 45, as... | language of the american founding fathers | <P> hunting and rural living.
Prior to the American Revolution, there was neither budget nor manpower nor government desire to maintain a full-time army. Therefore, the armed citizen-soldier carried responsibility. Service in militia, including providing one's own ammunition and weapons, was mandatory for all men. Yet,... |
You assume right. The (whole) island of Timor was first conquered and administered by Portuguese colonialists, from the 16th century onwards. They set up both commercial outposts and catholic missions. From the 17th century onwards, the Dutch came over and conquered nearly all of Indonesia, including Western Timor. How... | how did east timor come to exist? | <P> the island. Classical era Before European colonialism, Timor was included in Chinese and Indian trading networks, and in the 14th century was an exporter of aromatic sandalwood, slaves, honey, and wax. Since the 1500's, the Timorese people had military ties with the Luções of present-day northern Philippines. It wa... |
One armed rebellion with no external support was Spartacus' rebellion against Rome (or the Third Servile War). Spartacus was a gladiator who led a group of gladiators in a bid for freedom. Eventually, Spartacus collected about 70,000 followers from escaped or liberated slaves. He trained an army from these followers, d... | are there armed rebellions in history that had no external support of any kind nor base from outside? | <P> Marius prior to Sulla's second civil war (83–82 BC). Sulla then sent him to Sicily (82 BC) and Africa (81 BC) against the Marians who had fled there, where he defeated them, thereby gaining military glory and distinction, particularly in Africa. Pompey then fought the rebellion by Quintus Sertorius in Hispania from... |
Well, 99% of computer makers can spy on you, if they want to. Google and Amazon do all the time. The question is what they DO with the information they have on you. The fear is that **Huawei,** as a Chinese company, has a direct interest in keeping the info on you, and providing direct access to the Chinese Government. | just how dangerous is it to use a huawei device? | <P> Criticism of Huawei Huawei is a Chinese multinational technology and consumer electronics company. It has faced criticisms for various aspects of its operations, particularly in regards to cybersecurity and intellectual property.
It has faced allegations that its wireless networking equipment could contain backdoor... |
> a way for Protestants to equate German national identity with Protestantism in an attempt to more fully unify the country. Nope, that's a fundamental misconception. The Kulturkampf was about the separation of church and state, not about protestant powers. Bismarck wanted to consolidate the power of the Prussian gover... | would someone care to explain the kulturkampf in the german empire (~1871-~1879)? | <P> Lutheran—forged an alliance with secular liberals in 1871–1878 to launch a Kulturkampf (literally, "culture struggle") especially in Prussia, the largest state in the new German Empire to destroy the political power of the Catholic Church and the Pope. Catholics were numerous in the South (Bavaria) and west (Rhinel... |
A good primary source for this question would be Peter Beresford Ellis' *Eyewitness to Irish History* which presents, amongst other things, the majority of the Penal Laws which affected Catholics and non-Anglicans alike for the majority of the time they were in effect. Catholics, Non-Conformists (Calvinists), and other... | were the british as cruel to the irish as they're depicted in the wind that shakes the barley? | <P> and men were forcibly removed from Ireland and sent to Bermuda and Barbados as indentured servants. Laws that restricted the rights of Irish Catholics The Irish potato famine was due in part to Anti-Catholic laws. In the 17th and 18th centuries, Irish Catholics had been prohibited by the penal laws from purchasing ... |
The dress codes vary from department to department and have been evolving for a long time. Most officers I know now (pretty high number, nature of my job) favor all black boots on duty. Not western style boots, more of a military / hiking / trail runner style that is pretty comfortable, provides ankle support and foot ... | why do cops wear oxford shoes rather than running/sports shoes? wouldn't they be more mobile with the latter? | <P> designed for different tasks and weather situations, most of them in dark-blue. According to the regulations, officers should typically wear hi-visibility vests, unless it is detrimental to the task at hand. Officers may also wear a light-blue long sleeve dress shirt with a dark-blue tie, usually paired with a dark... |
Charlemagne and his son Louis the Pious were the last emperors that ruled over a united Frankish Empire. Frankish custom made it so that heritage of a dead father was split between his sons. So the three sons of Louis divided the Empire in three parts with the Treaty of Verdun in 843 after a civil war had raged for thr... | to what extent did the division of charlemagne's empire through the treaty of verdun lead to the creation of france and germany as we know them today? | <P> and Charles until the Verdun Treaty. Considered a milestone in European history, the Oaths of Strasbourg symbolize the birth of both France and Germany. The partition of Carolingian Empire was finally settled in 843 by and between Louis the Pious' three sons in the Treaty of Verdun. After the Treaty of Verdun (843–... |
The theoretical minimum mass a star needs to undergo nuclear fusion (i.e. to actually be a "star") is about 75 times the mass of Jupiter. Neptune is about 5% of Jupiter's mass, so we'd be increasing Jupiter from 1 "Jupiter mass" to 1.05 "Jupiter masses" - still way below what we need. | jupiter is sometimes referred to as a failed star, too small to achieve nuclear fusion. if a neptune sized planet crashed into jupiter would it be big enough to be a star then and give us a small second star in our solar system? | <P> masses. Jupiter would need to be about 75 times as massive to fuse hydrogen and become a star. Mass composition The majority of Jupiter's mass is hydrogen and helium. These two elements make up more than 87% of the total mass of Jupiter. The total mass of heavy elements other than hydrogen and helium in the planet ... |
In most parts of the world suicide is legal, the only reason (in most places) that assisted suicide is illegal is because it's so difficult to put in place safeguards to prevent people from bumping off their ill relatives and then pocketing their cash safe in the knowledge that the euthanasia laws will protect them. | why do we have the right to life but not the right to death? | <P> labels as euphemisms and use the term "assisted suicide."
Controversy concerning the legalization of this practice typically arises from concerns regarding its intersection with manipulative circumstances or family members; inaccurate prognoses, the accuracy death certificates, unequal access to healthcare, financi... |
I assume you're referring to the submarine crewed by Masaharu Yokoyama and Samada Ueda, the M-16. It was never found and can safely be presumed to have been lost at sea somehow. It was last heard from at 10:41 PM. The last radio message was "success, success, success", so it's possible that the sub had penetrated the h... | what happened to the crew of the 5th japanese midget submarine at pearl harbor? | <P> and Yellow Sea areas. On 24 June, southwest of Kagoshima, the submarine contacted a convoy of six large ships guarded by 16 escorts. Tang closed for a surface attack and fired a spread of three torpedoes at one of the ships and then fired a similar spread at a second target. Explosions followed, and Tang reported t... |
You cannot open carry any gun in California except at shooting or hunting events, or if you specifically have a permit to carry, such as a permit to carry a concealed weapon. This is for all guns, not just handguns, as laws were recently passed to this effect. This applies to both unloaded and loaded weapons. You can t... | open carry laws in california | <P> lawfully possess and carry such firearm.
The firearm must be unloaded while in transit within the state. The firearm and any ammunition for it must not be easily accessible by anyone in the vehicle's driver or passenger area. For example, the gun and ammunition must be kept in the storage area of the vehicle, such... |
Fluoride ions bind to enamel and turn hydroxyapatite into fluoroapatite. Fluoroapatite is much more resilient to acids and a low pH environment. Therefore bacteria cannot thrive and demineralize the tooth. | how does "restoring anticavity fluoride rinse" work? | <P> ocean and other water sources. The recommended dosage of fluoride in drinking water does not depend on air temperature. Fluoride catalyzes the diffusion of calcium and phosphate into the tooth surface, which in turn remineralizes the crystalline structures in a dental cavity. The remineralized tooth surfaces contai... |
I'm no neuroscientist, but I took a couple related courses in college. The general principle is called "synaptic plasticity" which basically means that transmission of signals within your brain strengthens or weakens over time as a function of activity. A "synapse" is the connection between two neurons through which el... | how does using your brain make it stronger? | <P> Homeostatic plasticity In neuroscience, homeostatic plasticity refers to the capacity of neurons to regulate their own excitability relative to network activity, a compensatory adjustment that occurs over the timescale of days. Synaptic scaling has been proposed as a potential mechanism of homeostatic plasticity.
H... |
Nice video. One point worth noting is that Schroedinger put forth his 'cat' thought experiment in order to demonstrate the preposterousness of quantum theory. It must have irked him that it ended up becoming the image to explain it. | zeno's paradox, the grandfather paradox, searle's chinese room, hilbert's hotel, einstein's twin paradox and schrodinger's cat all explained like you're 5 (youtube link) | <P> Schrödinger's cat Origin and motivation Schrödinger intended his thought experiment as a discussion of the EPR article—named after its authors Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen—in 1935. The EPR article highlighted the counterintuitive nature of quantum superpositions, in which a quantum system such as an atom or photon... |
In the 50's switchblades became associated with criminals due their portrayal in films and television. Greasers, mobsters and other thugs were commonly seen carrying them and it led to a public scare and the subsequent passing of the USA Switchblade Act of 1958. | why are switchblades illegal? | <P> folded and locked in the closed position.
During the 1950s, US newspapers as well as the tabloid press promoted the image of a new violent crime wave caused by young male delinquents with a stiletto switchblade or flick knife, based mostly on anecdotal evidence. In 1954, Democratic Rep. James J. Delaney of New York... |
The H1-B visa is a type of work visa for people in certain high-skill positions, like software developers and engineers, to come work in the United States. There's only a limited number of these visas available every year, and the spots fill up very quickly. In order to qualify for an H1-B visa, you need to have a job ... | what is an h-1b visa, and what does the recent uncovering of the h-1b fraud scheme mean for the future? | <P> are the H-1B visa (the primary use case: a temporary visa for skilled workers), H-3 visa (a trainee and special education exchange visitor visa), and J-1 visa (a visa for exchange visitor students and scholars). The U.S. Department of State recommends that consular officers clearly annotate such B visas to make the... |
There are a couple of steps missing in there from "in a binary" to "fast rotation". Most neutron stars/pulsars are "born" with a spin period much faster than a second; the Crab has a 33 ms period and we know it was born in 1054 AD. Since they are emitting radiation in the form of a beam, they lose energy, and as they d... | why does a neutron star spin faster when it is part of a binary system? | <P> pulsars) and X-ray pulsars exhibit very different spin behaviors and have different mechanisms producing their characteristic pulses although it is accepted that both kinds of pulsar are manifestations of a rotating magnetized neutron star. The rotation cycle of the neutron star in both cases is identified with the... |
That's probably because Congress does not allow for funding of research into pretty much anything related to gun violence. However, we can look at other countries to attempt to draw conclusions. In Australia, they've gotten rid of many guns and found that suicide rates plummeted: . The idea being that many suicides are... | do gun waiting periods effect suicide rates? | <P> 2013, and suicides account for 63% of all firearm-related deaths. A 2012 review by researchers at the Harvard School of Public Health found that in the United States, the percent of suicide attempts that prove fatal is "strongly related to the availability of household firearms." Prior to this, one book written by ... |
She died young and more or less at the peak of her career, she was a fairly prolific and successful actress, she was one of the first really famous women to pose nude, and she was married to DiMaggio and Arthur Miller. I mean, pick one. | why is marilyn monroe considered such an iconic model? | <P> was suffering from a heart ailment. She was interred in the Holy Cross Cemetery in Culver City, California. In the years before her death, she resided in a neighborhood only a few miles from where she once made motion pictures. <P> member of parliament, and later the Italian Undersecretary of State. Together they w... |
He didn't know it was The One Ring - it was thought to be destroyed. In The Hobbit the ring was nothing special (other than the invisibility), and in the Lord of the Rings books it took Gandalf 17 years from Bilbo's farewell party to discover that it was in fact Sauron's ring. | if gandalf knew bilbo has the ring, why did he let him keep it? | <P> the Ring. Eventually, Gandalf was able to determine the evil presence in Dol Guldur was indeed Sauron. Gandalf reported back to the White Council, but Saruman dissuaded them from moving against Sauron. Only when he learned the One Ring may be in the vicinity of the Gladden Fields did Saruman agree to attack Sauron,... |
Like reddit, just much older. Usenet is an ancient but great discussion board system. You have separate groups, dedicated to certain topics. There are many independent servers you can use. Servers usually have most of the common groups, i.e. they keep all the messages from these groups. To read, you pick any convenient... | what is use net? | <P> Usenet Usenet (/ˈjuːznɛt/) is a worldwide distributed discussion system available on computers. It was developed from the general-purpose Unix-to-Unix Copy (UUCP) dial-up network architecture. Tom Truscott and Jim Ellis conceived the idea in 1979, and it was established in 1980. Users read and post messages (called... |
That's a very good question. We do have to make a distinction between Congo under the rule of Leopold II and subsequently under the rule of the Belgian government, a transfer of power which occured in 1908. The Congo Free State existed between 1885 and 1908 and it was run like a private company focused on efficiency wi... | how vital were belgium controlled rubber exports from congo in the early production of cars? | <P> from King Leopold II.
On 18 October 1908, the Belgian parliament voted in favour of annexing the Congo as a Belgian colony. Executive power went to the Belgian minister of colonial affairs, assisted by a Colonial Council (Conseil Colonial) (both located in Brussels). The Belgian parliament exercised legislative aut... |
At trial, there are two types of examinations: the direct examination (i.e. your opportunity to question the witness *you* call to the stand) and the cross examination (i.e. your opportunity to question to witness the other side calls). When examining your own witnesses, you are not allowed to ask what are called "lead... | why would a lawyer ask a judge for permission to "treat the witness as hostile", and what are the benefits for being able to do so? | <P> or education. Leading questions may also be permitted on direct examination when a witness requires special handling, for example a child. However, the court must take care to be sure that the examining attorney is not coaching the witness through leading questions.
Although Rule 611(c) of the Federal Rules of Evid... |
In case anyone gets confused about geography, Wikipedia has provided a nice annotated map of the area in question [here.] () This may prove useful to anyone who is not familiar with European geography. The Schleswig-Holstein question involves a number of things that we all love about 19th Century political history: pro... | lord palmerston quipped “the schleswig-holstein question is so complicated, only three men in europe have ever understood it. one was prince albert, who is dead. the second was a german professor who became mad. i am the third and i have forgotten all about it.” why was it irresolvable without war? | <P> Duke of Holstein and Duke of Lauenburg. Schleswig-Holstein Question The Schleswig-Holstein Question was the name given to the whole complex of diplomatic and other issues arising in the 19th century out of the relations of the two duchies, Schleswig and Holstein, to the Danish crown on one side and the German Confe... |
Sheer size. The Great Red Spot id bigger than the Earth. Even if it was to move 2000 km, it would be very hard to see on a picture. | if jupiter and saturn are made of gas, how come whenever i see pictures of them, the patterns and colours on them look the same? doesn't the gas move around? | <P> as a few hours or stretch on for centuries.
Even before Voyager proved that the feature was a storm, there was strong evidence that the spot could not be associated with any deeper feature on the planet's surface, as the Spot rotates differentially with respect to the rest of the atmosphere, sometimes faster and so... |
It is better because it uses a superior system of measurement that takes more data into account. When your prescription is taken for standard LASIK/LASEK/PRK they are basically taking an average measurement for your entire eye. But of course your eye is not a perfect shape with a smooth surface. It's composed of organi... | how wavefront/custom lasik is different from older versions of lasik/lasek/prk, and why it is (or isn't) better. | <P> pain. The two techniques after a period of one year have similar results.
A 2017 systematic review found uncertainty in visual acuity, but found that in one study, those receiving PRK were less likely to achieve a refractive error, and were less likely to have an over-correction than compared to LASIK. <P> PRK with... |
Computerphile just did a video on that. Basically, to make an AI safe you'd have to account for the absurdest of things since computer brains will be very different from ours. Deadly Truth of General AI: | elon musk has been very clear recently in regard to his fears of quickly developing a.i. what is he afraid of, and what would a.i. "going bad" look like working itself out in today's global economy? | <P> AI aftermath scenarios Background Most scientists believe that AI research will at some point lead to the creation of machines that are as intelligent, or more intelligent, than human beings in every domain of interest. There is no physical law precluding particles from being organised in ways that perform even mor... |
I would argue that much of those issues, are the consequences of Residential Schools that were present in Canada and the U.S.A from the 18th century to as late as 1996 and many more societal problems common today in Native American communities. The purpose of these schools was to assimilate natives into European cultur... | are alaska natives' issues with depression and suicide modern, or have the communities always struggled with high depression and suicide rates? | <P> indigenous activists and historians led to a change in the public perception of the residential school system, as well as official government apologies, and a (controversial) legal settlement.
Colonization had a significant impact on First Nations diet and health. According to the historian Mary-Ellen Kelm, "inadeq... |
So contrary to Rothammer (as discussed in u/Dondville) Marquet et al argue that the Chinchorros lead a less hierarchical lifestyle and that mummification isn't tied to status. Mummification first started because of the pure heat of the environment. Natural mummification formed when bodies were left in dehydrated enviro... | the chinchorro culture of ancient chile began purposefully mummifying their dead thousands of years before the ancient egyptians did, and did so in a highly idiosyncratic manner. what led to the development of such practices, and what ended up happening to the chinchorro people? | <P> of fisherfolk existed, tucked away in the arid river valleys of the Andes, but the Chinchorro made themselves unique by their dedicated preservation of the dead. Chinchorro mummification While many cultures throughout the world have sought to focus on preserving the dead elite, the Chinchorro tradition performed mu... |
Many times monasteries and churches were built on land which was donated to the church by a king; so it was a case of "take what you get". Also, a lot of monastic orders stressed avoidance of societal temptations in favor of a life of religious contemplation and work. Having your base of operations far from towns and c... | why were some chapels built far from inhabitated centres? | <P> The large monasteries had similarly large gardens with all kinds of facilities, from fountains, canals and wells. In some minor orders, the gardens had simply small chapels or oratories.
Sometimes inns were built outside the closure area. Over time and with the growing authority of the abbot, the religious houses w... |
Medieval scholars were well aware of chronology, since they had to calculate calendars so that they could accurately plot out the date of moveable Christian feast days like Easter (the subject was called computus). This science allowed them to produce tables which would show the date of Easter years in advance. The dev... | how accurate were medieval historians in terms of timeframes of the ancient world? | <P> convention established by Dionysius Exiguus and associated with the Julian calendar. The year number is variously given as AD (for Anno Domini) or CE (for Common Era or, indeed, Christian Era). Religious calendars The most important use of pre-modern calendars is keeping track of the liturgical year and the observa... |
Propane is a byproduct of natural gas production and oil refinement. It is present in oil and gas, but must be separated out. If found in crude oil, it is separated during the refinement process. If it is found in natural gas, then it is separated at the wellhead into what is commonly referred to as "condensate". Conde... | what is the process of making propane gas and how is it possible to have a shortage of propane? | <P> Propane History Propane was discovered by the French chemist Marcellin Berthelot in 1857. It was found dissolved in Pennsylvanian light crude oil by Edmund Ronalds in 1864. Walter O. Snelling of the U.S. Bureau of Mines highlighted it as a volatile component in gasoline in 1910, which was the beginning of the propa... |
When you want to compress a series of data (say, a sound recording) you can look for patterns in the data, and just record the patterns instead of the original measurements. DCT describes data as the sum of a series of waves (cosine functions) vibrating at different frequencies. This turns out to be a great way to desc... | discrete cosine transforms | <P> conceptual framework for digital scholarship, the World Wide Web, wikis and even social media. It was recognized as a significant work even at the time of its publication. Digital multimedia Practical digital multimedia distribution and streaming was made possible by advances in data compression, due to the impract... |
Not really. The minimum mass required to fuse hydrogen is about 80 times the mass of Jupiter, which is generally considered the lower bound of what a star is. For it to fuse deuterium, it has to be about 13 times the mass of Jupiter, and objects in this range are called brown dwarves. So, it's not like just a little bi... | i've often heard jupiter referred to as a "failed star." is this a fair representation? how close in terms of mass was it to actually becoming a star? | <P> masses. Jupiter would need to be about 75 times as massive to fuse hydrogen and become a star. Mass composition The majority of Jupiter's mass is hydrogen and helium. These two elements make up more than 87% of the total mass of Jupiter. The total mass of heavy elements other than hydrogen and helium in the planet ... |
I feel like no-one has really answered your question so far, especially in regards to the Revolver part of the question. I'll try my best as a former Beatles fanatic. As you alluded to, Revolver was quite an experimental pop record, and it was the first album where the Beatles REALLY decided to use the studio as an ins... | why is the beatles’ sergeant peppers considered such a turning point in the history of rock and roll, especially when revolver sounds more experimental and came earlier? | <P> Beatles' creative approach in 1966 to that of modern jazz musicians, and recognises their channelling of Indian and Western classical, Southern soul, and electronic musical styles into their work as unprecedented in popular music. He says that, through the band's efforts to faithfully translate their LSD-inspired v... |
In a simplified scheme of things, we could say that our memory comes in three parts. 1) Sensory Memory: 'Photographic' memory of the things we sense that persists for fleeting moments before being 'overwritten' by new information. This is why when you're not paying attention to the lecturer and they "call you out on it... | what effect on our memory/knowledge does daily browsing of reddit have? how much of the information we read actually "stays" in our head? | <P> Storage (memory) Short-term memory Short-term memory is encoded in auditory, visual, spatial, and tactile forms. Short-term memory is closely related to working memory. Baddeley suggested that information stored in short-term memory continuously deteriorates, which can eventually lead to forgetting in the absence o... |
TLDR: No, hieratic is not an alphabetic writing system. **Egyptian hieroglyphs** Egyptian hieroglyphs can be divided into two types, phonetic signs and determinatives. Phonetic signs were used to write one consonant (uniliteral signs), two consonants (biliteral signs), or three consonants (triliteral signs). Phonetic s... | why is the egyptian hieratic script not considered the world's first alphabet? | <P> script was developed from Egyptian hieroglyphs, within which various schemes of 'group writing' had been used for showing vowels. <P> 1815, had been the first to suggest that the demotic was not alphabetic, but rather a mixture of "imitations of hieroglyphics" and "alphabetic" signs. Champollion on the other hand c... |
Nobody knows for sure, the details of the contract dispute are only known to Amazon and Hachette. The public comments both sides have made are most likely fairly biased towards their own side. However, Hachette is not some small publisher that Amazon is trampling over. They are owned by Lagardère Group, a company with ... | amazon vs hachette | <P> prices offered on their websites, rather than on the full recommended retail price (RRP).
Also in 2008, Amazon UK drew criticism in the British publishing community following their withdrawal from sale of key titles published by Hachette Livre UK. The withdrawal was possibly intended to put pressure on Hachette to ... |
In Bulgaria on 09.09.1944 there was a communist coup d'état (the USSR had declared war on Bulgaria on 05.09.1944). The goverment was overthrown and a new goverment composed of the Fatherland front was established. The Fatherland front was composed of Kimon Georgiev leader of Zveno(this is his 3rd coup d'état), BWP, BAN... | how did soviet occupation differ in germany, german allies, "liberated" countries, and territory annexed to the ussr, post world war 2? | <P> of 1944, after having crushed the Nazi defense around Iaşi and Chişinău, the Soviet Army was approaching the Balkans and Bulgaria. On 23 August 1944 Romania quit the Axis Powers, declared war on Germany and allowed Soviet forces to cross its territory to reach Bulgaria. On 26 August 1944 the Fatherland Front made t... |
Nanotechnology engineering graduate here. A recent [letter to the editor] () of Nature Nanotechnology says what I am going to reiterate and expand upon below. The biological effects of nanomaterials are at the moment impossible to summarize. The scope of current toxicity studies is both too narrow and too broad. Take c... | what are the potential dangers of nanomaterials? | <P> cytokines and other biomarkers for interstitial lung disease. Toxicity The toxicity of carbon nanotubes has been an important question in nanotechnology. As of 2007, such research had just begun. The data is still fragmentary and subject to criticism. Preliminary results highlight the difficulties in evaluating the... |
First of all, it's not just Dell buying EMC, it's a consortium including MSD Partners (Michael Dell and others), Silver Lake (a private equity firm), and a Singapore-owned investment company. Oversimplified, they are buying EMC the same way you'd buy a house that is a multiple of your net worth: via borrowing (debt iss... | how can dell buy ems when ems is quoted at being worth twice as much as dell? | <P> from its stake in VMware.
In November 2018, Carl Icahn (9.3% owner of Dell) sued the company over plans to go public. Acquisition of EMC On October 12, 2015, Dell announced its intent to acquire the enterprise software and storage company EMC Corporation. At $67 billion, it has been labeled the "highest-valued tech... |
Here's the list of all numbered minor planets from the IAU's Minor Planet Center. That includes both asteroids as well as Kuiper Belt Objects (pay special attention to #134340.) For named bodies, here's an alphabetical list. | where can i find a comprehensive list of all asteroids ever identified and catalogued? | <P> Meanings of minor planet names: 330001–331000 As minor planet discoveries are confirmed, they are given a permanent number by the IAU's Minor Planet Center (MPC), and the discoverers can then submit names for them, following the IAU's naming conventions. The list below concerns those minor planets in the specified ... |
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