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trl_gair_lima_v18

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[ { "role": "user", "content": "Can brain cells move? By movin' I mean long distance migra' (preferably within the brain only)." }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "The question is relatively broad and one should take into account that the brain not only consists of neurons, but also glial cells...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "Can brain cells move? By movement I mean long distance migration (preferably within the brain only).", "type": "smartphone" }, "source": "stackexchange", "split": "train" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "In our compu'ter syste'ms lecture we were introduced to the MIPS process'r. It was (re)developed ov'r the cou'rse of the term and has in fact been quite easy to understand. It uses a RISC design, that is its elementary commands are regular'ly encoded and there are only few of t...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "In our computer systems lecture we were introduced to the MIPS processor. It was (re)developed over the course of the term and has in fact been quite easy to understand. It uses a RISC design, that is its elementary commands are regularl...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "\"Hey, I need to see that tabular file like a CSV from the command line, and it'd be amazing if there's horizontal and vertical scrolling!" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "Sure, please take a look at csvkit. It provides a set of tools that adhere to the UNIX p...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "View tabular file such as CSV from command line, having horizontal and vertical scrolling would be great.", "type": "smartphone" }, "source": "stackexchange", "split": "train" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "Slater type orbitals (STO) are considered to be more accurate than gaussian type orbitals (GTO) for atomic and molecular QM calculations because - among other reasons - they decay with e^-alpha r as r to infinity. But GTOs are more popular because they are easier to calculate w...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "Slater type orbitals (STO) are considered to be more accurate than gaussian type orbitals (GTO) for atomic and molecular QM calculations because - among other reasons - they decay with $e^{-\\alpha r}$ as $r \\to \\infty$. But GTOs are m...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "I wanna know what ```git reset``` does. I come from SVN and Git is a whole new thing. I got Mercurial easy, but Git is more techy. I think ```git reset``` is close to ```hg revert```, but there's differences. Please explain: * ```--hard```, ```--soft``` and ```--merge``` option...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "Explain what \"git reset\" does. I come from a SVN background and Git is a whole new paradigm. I got mercurial easily, but Git is much more technical.\nI think ```git reset``` is close to ```hg revert```, but it seems there are differenc...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "I'm lookin to use Java to get the MD5 checksum of a file. How is it done?" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "The com.google.common.hash API offers: * A unified user-friendly API for all hash functions\n* Seedable 32- and 128-bit implementations of murmur3\n* md5...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "I am looking to use Java to get the MD5 checksum of a file.\nHow is it done?", "type": "keyboard" }, "source": "stackexchange", "split": "train" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "What are the main problems Democrats have with a border wall?" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "It's not clear to me that Democrats are opposed to border-wall construction (your one source suggests they are fine with border walls/fences where necessary), so muc...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "What are the primary objections Democrats have to a border wall?", "type": "smartphone" }, "source": "stackexchange", "split": "train" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "I'm trying to make a video into a GIF with ```ffmpeg```: ```ffmpeg \\ -i input.flv \\ -ss 00:00:00.000 \\ -pix_fmt rgb24 \\ -r 10 \\ -s 320x240 \\ -t 00:00:10.000 \\ output.gif ``` It does a good job, but the GIF is way too blurry. Any suggestions on how to make it clearer?" ...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "I'm converting a video to GIF file with ```ffmpeg```:\n```ffmpeg \\ -i input.flv \\ -ss 00:00:00.000 \\ -pix_fmt rgb24 \\ -r 10 \\ -s 320x240 \\ -t 00:00:10.000 \\ output.gif\n```\nIt works great, but output gif file has a very low quali...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "Tor can only hanlde TCP connecions, but DNS is a UDP protocoll. How does Tor rout DNS reqeusts over its TCP based netwok? Why can the same approach not be used to rout all UDP trafic over Tor?" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "Tor clients do not, in general, di...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "Tor can only handle TCP connections, but DNS is a UDP protocol. How does Tor route DNS requests over its TCP based network? Why can the same approach not be used to route all UDP traffic over Tor?", "type": "smartphone" }, "sourc...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "Why does this throw NullPointerException? public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { Boolean b = true ? returnsNull() : false; // NPE on this line. System.out.println(b); } public static Boolean returnsNull() { return null; } while this doesn't public static void...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "Why does this throw ```NullPointerException```\n```public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { Boolean b = true ? returnsNull() : false; // NPE on this line. System.out.println(b);\n}\npublic static Boolean returnsNull() { ...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "How do DOS games like DOOM benefit from a PCI graphics card?" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "DOOM itself doesn’t do anything special to benefit from PCI graphics cards. It runs faster with PCI graphics cards (and VLB, AGP, and PCI Express cards) than with ISA...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": null, "source": "stackexchange", "split": "train" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "I need to be able to open a doc using its default app in Windows and Mac OS. Basically, I want to do the same thing that happens when you double-click on the doc icon in Explorer or Finder. What is the best way to do this in Python?" }, { "role": "assistant", "conte...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "I need to be able to open a document using its default application in Windows and Mac OS. Basically, I want to do the same thing that happens when you double-click on the document icon in Explorer or Finder. What is the best way to do th...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "Why does PRC devalu its currency on purpose, but Turkey is worried about the devaluation of its currency?" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "Trade surplus/deficit\nDevaluing one's currency means mostly one thing: It becomes more expensive to import products from...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "Why does PRC devalue its currency on purpose, but Turkey is worried about the devaluation of its currency?", "type": "keyboard" }, "source": "stackexchange", "split": "train" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "Is it worth patenting an algo if I dont have the money to defend against infringements?" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "This is a great question, with no one right answer.\nThe strength of a patent comes from the ability to enforce it. If the patent owner can...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "Is it worth patenting an algorithm if I don't have the money to defend against infringements?", "type": "smartphone" }, "source": "stackexchange", "split": "train" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "\"I have a String[ ] with values like so: public static final String[ ] VALUES = new String[ ] { \"AB\", \"BC\", \"CD\", \"AE\" }; Given String s, is there a good way of testing whether VALUES contains s? How do I determine whether an array contains a particular value in Java?\...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "\"I have a ```String[]``` with values like so:\n```public static final String[] VALUES = new String[] {\"\"AB\"\",\"\"BC\"\",\"\"CD\"\",\"\"AE\"\"};\n```\nGiven ```String s```, is there a good way of testing whether ```VALUES``` contains...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "Does Java castin' introduse overhaed? Or the compi' just resloves ev'rythin' an dere's no cost at run tyme? Is this a gen'ral thing, or dere are diffren' cases?" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "There are 2 types of casting in Java: Implicit casting, when you c...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "Does Java casting introduce overhead? Or the compiler just resolves everything and there is no cost at run time?\nIs this a general things, or there are different cases?", "type": "smartphone" }, "source": "stackexchange", "spl...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "How can I cop a string (e.g \"hell\") to the Sistem Clipboard in C#, so next time I press CTRL+V I'll get \"hell\"?" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "There are two classes that lives in different assemblies and different namespaces. * WinForms: use following na...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "How can I copy a string (e.g \"hello\") to the System Clipboard in C#, so next time I press CTRL+V I'll get \"hello\"?", "type": "smartphone" }, "source": "stackexchange", "split": "train" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "I wanna put a draft watermark using the below script but the problem is that the watermark don't come over the images and I want it to come over it. \\usepackage{draftwatermark} \\SetWatermarkText{DRAFT} \\SetWatermarkScale{1}" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "I want to put a draft watermark using the below script but the problem is that the watermark don't come over the images and I want it to come over it.\n```\\usepackage{draftwatermark}\n\\SetWatermarkText{DRAFT}\n\\SetWatermarkScale{1}\n`...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "Understandin the Rails Authentici Token" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "What is CSRF?\nThe Authenticity Token is a countermeasure to Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF). What is CSRF, you ask?\nIt's a way that an attacker can potentially hijack sessions without...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "Understanding the Rails Authenticity Token", "type": "keyboard" }, "source": "stackexchange", "split": "train" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "Why is FIFA against adding instant replay to the game?" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "There are a few fundamental considerations: * Uncertainty is a part of the game. The referee and linesmen are the arbiters of the action. Instant replay would limit their a...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": null, "source": "stackexchange", "split": "train" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "If we should encrypt the message instead of the way it's sent, why do we care about wifi security? Is this just security theater?" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "Network encryption protects against different set of threats than application layer encryption li...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "If we should encrypt the message rather than the method of transfer, why do we care about wifi security? Is this just security theatre?", "type": "smartphone" }, "source": "stackexchange", "split": "train" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "Applyin filter in scipy.signa: Use lfilter or filtfilt?" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "\n* `filtfilt` is zero-phase filtering, which doesn't shift the signal as it filters. Since the phase is zero at all frequencies, it is also linear-phase. Filtering backwa...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "Applying filter in scipy.signal: Use lfilter or filtfilt?", "type": "smartphone" }, "source": "stackexchange", "split": "train" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "What do different people in the department expect from a postdoc? By different people I mean the advisor, graduate students and PhD students. I know it mainly depends on the job description but there are few basic things that a postdoc must be expected to do. How aggressive (pr...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "What do different people in the department expect from a postdoc?\nBy different people I mean the advisor, graduate students and PhD students.\nI know it mainly depends on the job description but there are few basic things that a postdoc...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "Can sum1 explain to me what the ```contentInSet``` property in a ```UIScrollView``` instance is used for? And maybe provide an exaple?" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "While jball's answer is an excellent description of content insets, it doesn't answer the qu...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "Can someone explain to me what the ```contentInset``` property in a ```UIScrollView``` instance is used for? And maybe provide an example?", "type": "keyboard" }, "source": "stackexchange", "split": "train" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "How is arc defined in TikZ?" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "`\\draw (x,y) arc (start:stop:radius);` draws an arc * with radius `radius`\n* starts from `(x,y)`\n* with center `(x-rcos(start), y-rsin(start))` and\n* ends at `(x-rcos(start)+rcos(stop), y-r*s...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": null, "source": "stackexchange", "split": "train" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "How do i connect mysql workbench to runnin mysql inside docker?" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "By default after deployment MySQL has following connection restrictions:\n```mysql> select host, user from mysql.user;\n+-----------+---------------+\n\| host \| use...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "How to connect mysql workbench to running mysql inside docker?", "type": "smartphone" }, "source": "stackexchange", "split": "train" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "Can meat spoil out side the fridg if its bakes into bread as a fillin?" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "There are two differences between your buns and a tin can.\nFirst, your buns were heated to a core temperature of under 100°C. Yes, your oven was probably s...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "Can meat spoil outside the fridge if it's baked into bread as a filling?", "type": "keyboard" }, "source": "stackexchange", "split": "train" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "I'm wondering how the XML Schema spec handles these cases:" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "New, expanded answer to an old, commonly asked question...\nDefault Values * Occurrence constraints `minOccurs` and `maxOccurs` default to `1`. Common Cases Explained\n...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "I'm wondering how the XML Schema specification handles these cases:\n```\n```\nNo maxOccurs given -> Is this the cardinality [1..1]?\n```\n```\nI suppose this is simply invalid?\n```\n```\nIs this the cardinality [0..2] or [1..2]?\nIs th...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "Weren't there any flyin' dinosurors?" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "Birds are both flying dinosaurs and flying reptiles. Yes, that's potentially confusing. To understand the apparent contradiction, you have to understand how modern classification of organism...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "Were there any flying dinosaurs?", "type": "smartphone" }, "source": "stackexchange", "split": "train" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "Hey, there’s a table called “car” that has a one-to-one relationship with “electric_car”, “gas_car”, and “hybrid_car”. If a “car” is “electric_car”, it can’t be in “gas_car” or “hybrid_car”, right? Is it a bad idea to have multiple mutually exclusive one-to-one relationships in...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "Say, a table ```car``` has one-to-one relationship to tables ```electric_car```, ```gas_car```, and ```hybrid_car```. If a ```car``` is ```electric_car```, it can no longer appear in ```gas_car``` or a ```hybrid_car```, etc. Is it a bad ...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "I see a low use of Mathematica in Kaggle competitions. Why would one use the Wolfram Language versus R, Python, or Julia for machine learning? Besides prettier plots and the Manipulate function, do we have something that is useful for ML that other languages are lacking?" }, ...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": null, "source": "stackexchange", "split": "train" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "Im usin wp_nav_menu and tryin to make custom output for the sub-level drop downs. I found the \"items_wrap\" argument but theres not much info on what it is, how it works, and what kind of stuff can be done with it. Whats exactly \"%1$s\" and \"%2$s\"? (Can anyone explain it in...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "I'm using wp_nav_menu and am trying to create custom output for the sub-level drop downs. I came across the \"items_wrap\" argument but there's really not much information as to what it is, how it works, and what kind of things can be do...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "I notice people on YouTube and even TV say things like \"I used to take lots of coke a few years ago\" or \"I used to smoke weed daily until this and that\" or \"Yea, I smoke weed every once in a while,\" or \"I used to pirate games a lot when I was a bit younger\" or \"I used ...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "I've noticed that people on YouTube and even on TV would sometimes say things like \"I used to take lots of coke a few years ago\" or \"I used to smoke weed daily until this and that\" or \"Yea, I smoke weed every once in a while,\" or \...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "Did two dissen'g Supreme Court jus'ices agreed that Trump was \"absolutely immune\" to the Manhattan DA's subpoena?" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "If you are interested in the gory details, please see the full decision in Trump v. Vance. The first half of th...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "Did two dissenting Supreme Court justices agree that Trump was \"absolutely immune\" to the Manhattan DA's subpoena?", "type": "keyboard" }, "source": "stackexchange", "split": "train" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "Just curious, givin how heavly from Tolkien D&D drew, and the fact that games like Wizardry used Hobbits, is there a good design reason why Gygax and company used Halflings (a term that also appears in Tolkien) vice Hobbits as the term for our little friends?" }, { "rol...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "Just curious, given how heavily from Tolkien D&D drew, and the fact that games like Wizardry used Hobbits, is there a good design reason why Gygax and company used Halflings (a term that also appears in Tolkien) vice Hobbits as the term ...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "My USB drive used to be originally 8GB when I bought it. I'm trying to reformatted in Windows 7 by right clicking on the drive and selecting ```Format...```. But the capacity only shows 250MB. Is there something I can do to get the original size back? Maybe it got partitioned i...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "My USB drive used to be originally 8GB when I bought it.\nI'm trying to reformatted in Windows 7 by right clicking on the drive and selecting ```Format...```. But the capacity only shows 250MB.\nIs there something I can do to get the ori...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "I'm a Tor dev. I know .onion's a pub key kinda thing, but not much more. I can kinda guess. If no one knows the IP of the .onion, how do reqs get there? Are they bounced between nodes in the P2P net till someone decrypts it with the right priv key?" }, { "role": "assist...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "I am a Tor developer. I understand that the .onion address is a public key of sorts, but not much more than that (I can vaguely guess, though). When nobody knows the IP of the .onion address, how do requests reach it? Are they bounced be...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "I got a PhD job from a new professor at a cool place in Europe. Even though the school is good in my field, I’d have to work with this professor for my thesis. He’s young and not too experienced, but I like what he does and we get along. \nMy question is, will having a new advi...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "I have been offered a PhD position by an inexperienced professor in a great institution in Europe. Despite the fact that the institution is very strong in my area, since the position was offered by this particular professor, I would have...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "Is dere a phrase dat means \"too imortant\" an \"attrackin too much attension?\"" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "There is the term \"overdominant\": From Collins dictionary: >overdominant [adjective] excessively dominant To begin with, the design aspect is th...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "Is there a phrase that means \"too important\" and \"attracting too much attention\"?", "type": "smartphone" }, "source": "stackexchange", "split": "train" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "Ths guy says Olympic powerlifters working 1-6 rep range can increase strength widotncreasing muslce size. > Trained Olympic lifters, for example, were shown over a two-year period to have significant strength increases with barely noticeable increases in muscle mass (Hakkinen e...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "This guy claims that Olympic powerlifters working in the 1-6 rep range can increase strength without increasing muscle size. > Trained Olympic lifters, for example, were shown over a two-year period to have significant strength increases...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "What ar e the major concerns about plantin g trees to create carbon offsets?" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "Here are some common concerns about using tree planting projects to create carbon offsets: * The scheme actually has a net positive effect, both in th...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "What are the major concerns about planting trees to create carbon offsets?", "type": "smartphone" }, "source": "stackexchange", "split": "train" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "Im wonderin how to gen uniformly dist points on surf of 3-d unit sphere? Also after gen those pts, wat is best way to viz and chk if they r truly uniform on surf x^2+y^2+z^2=1?" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "A standard method is to generate three standard no...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "I am wondering how to generate uniformly distributed points on the surface of the 3-d unit sphere? Also after generating those points, what is the best way to visualize and check whether they are truly uniform on the surface $x^2+y^2+z^2...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "In Shutter Isla, at the end of the movie Teddy had a chit with Chuck, in that scene Teddy told to Chuck as, Wich would be worse: To live as a monser, or to die as a good man? What's the implicit meaning of this dialogue? Who's the monser as Teddy mentioned?\nAnd, who's a good m...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "In Shutter Island, at the end of the movie Teddy had a chat with Chuck, in that scene Teddy told to Chuck as, Which would be worse: To live as a monster, or to die as a good man? What's the implicit meaning of this dialogue? Who's the mo...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "To set the minimal distance between flexbox items I'm using ```margin: 0 5px``` on ```item``` and ```margin: 0 -5px``` on container. For me it seems like a hack, but I can't find any better way to do this. ```#box { display: flex; width: 100px; margin: 0 -5px;\n} .item { backgr...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "To set the minimal distance between flexbox items I'm using ```margin: 0 5px``` on ```.item``` and ```margin: 0 -5px``` on container. For me it seems like a hack, but I can't find any better way to do this. ```#box { display: flex; width...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "Is there a Git for data? The key improvement I'd want is to Diff/Merge more intelligently. e.g. in CSV rather than line vs line comparison, it would do cell vs cell.\nAnd ordering is usually not significant, e.g. rows in a CSV, whereas Git does care and presents the user with '...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": null, "source": "stackexchange", "split": "train" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "I havin puzzlin over wher to put th submit button, on the left or the right. In researchin, I noticed that many sites put buttons on th bottom righ in dialogue boxes, and on th bottom left in forms.\nIt makes sense: in a dialogue box it seems to denote finality, bein in th endp...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "I have been puzzling over where to put the submit button, on the left or the right. In researching, I noticed that many sites put buttons on the bottom right in dialogue boxes, and on the bottom left in forms.\nIt makes sense: in a dialo...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "Is it at all possible to update object's properties with setState? Something like: this.state = { jasper: { name: 'jasper', age: 28 }, } I have tried: this.setState({jasper.name: 'someOtherName'}); and this: this.setState({jasper: {name: 'someothername'}}) The first results in ...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "Is it at all possible to update object's properties with ```setState```?\nSomething like:\n```this.state = { jasper: { name: 'jasper', age: 28 },\n}\n```\nI have tried: ```this.setState({jasper.name: 'someOtherName'});\n```\nand this:\n`...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "Wut iz the diffrense betwen Non-Player Characters (NPCs) and bots in video games?" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "The key distinction is that a Bot represents an automated player; an NPC, by contrast, isn't playing the game at all. In general, an NPC is a par...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "What is the difference between Non-Player Characters (NPCs) and bots in video games?", "type": "keyboard" }, "source": "stackexchange", "split": "train" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "Is there anything like stactic class in java? What is the meaning of such a class. Do all the methods of the static class need to be static too? Is it required the other way round, that if a class contains all the static methods, shall the class be static too? What are static c...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "Is there anything like ```static class``` in java? What is the meaning of such a class. Do all the methods of the static class need to be ```static``` too? Is it required the other way round, that if a class contains all the static metho...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "The Episode IV-VI movies never mention the Emperor's name. In Episodes I-III, we can guess that Darth Sidious will be the emperor, but what about Chancellor Palpatine? If the audience didn't know that he was Sidious, the impact of the reveal would be far different than if they ...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "The Episode IV-VI movies never mention the Emperor's name. In Episodes I-III, we can guess that Darth Sidious will be the emperor, but what about Chancellor Palpatine? If the audience didn't know that he was Sidious, the impact of the re...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "So, stooents in Gryffindor are supposed to represent bravery. How does Neville represent bravery, to the point in being accepted into the house. Ive always thought of his strongest traits being things like loyalty, willingness to work hard, etc, and these things would tend to p...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "So, students in Gryffindor are supposed to represent bravery. How does Neville represent bravery, to the point in being accepted into the house. I've always thought of his strongest traits being things like loyalty, willingness to work h...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "\"This claim was made popular by being said in the movie The Social Network. It exactly says: > Did you know there are more people with genius IQs living in China than there are people of any kind living in the United States?\"" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": ...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "This claim was made popular by being said in the movie The Social Network. It exactly says: > Did you know there are more people with genius IQs living in China than there are people of any kind living in the United States?\n", "type...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "I'm tryin to get my prog to print out \"banana\" from the dict. What's the easist way to do this?\nThis is my dict: prices = { \"banana\" : 4, \"apple\" : 2, \"orange\" : 1.5, \"pear\" : 3\n}" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "As of Python 3.7, insertion order i...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "I am trying to get my program to print out ```\"banana\"``` from the dictionary. What would be the simplest way to do this?\nThis is my dictionary: ```prices = { \"banana\" : 4, \"apple\" : 2, \"orange\" : 1.5, \"pear\" : 3\n}\n```", ...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "Differnt coffe packts adverisng differnt amouts of 'Robust' nd 'Arabic'? Wat do thse terms refer to, nd how does it effct the tast of the coffe?" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": " * One reason that the taste isn't as good for Robusta is that it has more caffein...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "Different coffee packets advertise different amounts of 'Robusta' and 'Arabica'? What do these terms refer to, and how does it affect the taste of the coffee?", "type": "smartphone" }, "source": "stackexchange", "split": "train...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "So whenever we want to shoot our flash before taking a photo. we have to charge it first.\nWhat is the point of the charging our flashes? Aren't their power directly supplied by the battery of our camera?\nPlease answer for the built in flash on the 2000D and the traditional ho...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "So whenever we want to shoot our flash before taking a photo. we have to charge it first.\nWhat is the point of the charging our flashes? Aren't their power directly supplied by the battery of our camera?\nPlease answer for the built in ...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "What are som strategies to maintain morale and productivity after massive lay offs? I am not in a managin role, just a lead role, and am asking for myself and my fellow emploees." }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "The situation you're describing is tough. Layoff...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "What are some strategies to maintain morale and productivity after massive layoffs? I am not in a managerial role, just a lead role, and am asking for myself and my fellow employees.", "type": "keyboard" }, "source": "stackexchan...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "Could u plz clrrly expln what is diff btw corrln n convltn tht is dne by a fltr on an img? Im mean in trms of sigl prcssg defn I knw tht convltn descrbs th outpt f an LTI systm, tht is if an LTI systm prdcs an outpt duc t convltn wth an inp ut systm thn th outpt sigl cn b descr...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "Could you please clearly explain what is the difference between correlation and convolution that is done by a filter on an image? I mean in terms of signal processing definition I know that convolution describes the output of an LTI syst...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "24601 has developed into being an iconic part of both the Les Miserables book and musical. Was that number special to him, or was it simply a random number he chose (I doubt it)?" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "Yes: it corresponds to the date of Hugo's concep...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": null, "source": "stackexchange", "split": "train" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "Why does Mike Crichton use US Customary measurments in hard sci-fi?" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "Crichton used both imperial and metric, depending on the context.\nIn the course of one paragraph in The Sphere, he managed to use both! > \"Pacific coral grow...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "Why does Michael Crichton use US Customary measurements in hard sci-fi?", "type": "smartphone" }, "source": "stackexchange", "split": "train" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "How can horns, most of which have only three buttons, play all their notes?" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "Put as simply as possible, horns are tubes. Blowing in special ways makes certain notes sound from those tubes. By changing one's embouchure, those not...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": null, "source": "stackexchange", "split": "train" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "I am a big fan of world building. A common sight in science fiction is that aliens pretend to be human (for example in Third Rock from the Sun). Obviously if the aliens are advanced enough to disguise themselves as another species, there are much easier, simpler and less expens...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "I am a big fan of worldbuilding. A common sight in science fiction is that aliens pretend to be human (For example in Third Rock from the Sun). Obviously if the aliens are advanced enough to disguise themselves as another species, there ...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "I've checked the list of surveys on scala-lang.org and saw a weird question: \"Can you name all the uses of \" _ \"?\". Can you? If yes, say it here. Examples are nice." }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "The following is an explanation of the uses of the undersc...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "I've taken a look at the list of surveys taken on scala-lang.org and noticed a curious question: \"Can you name all the uses of “_”?\". Can you? If yes, please do so here. Explanatory examples are appreciated.", "type": "smartphone" ...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "My univ. usually asks that we book a flight via a travel agent, but the prices he gives me are bout $50 higher than the prices I can get by online booking in the flight comapny's website. Why would a company want me to book a flight via a travel agent if it is more expensive?" ...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "My university usually asks that we book a flight via a travel agent, but the prices he gives me are about $50 higher than the prices I can get by online booking in the flight company's website. Why would a company want me to book a fligh...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "Laymans explanation of encrypion backdoors" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "There are two somewhat orthogonal concepts in backdooring encryption algorithms: * The backdoor can be explicit or implicit. An explicit backdoor is one that everybody knows it is ther...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "Layman's explanation of encryption backdoors", "type": "keyboard" }, "source": "stackexchange", "split": "train" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "I have a page where a scroll bar containing table rows with divs in them is dynamically generated from the database. Each table row acts like a link, sort of like you'd see on a YouTube playlist next to the video player. When a user visits the page, the option they are on is su...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "I have a page where a scroll bar containing table rows with divs in them is dynamically generated from the database. Each table row acts like a link, sort of like you'd see on a YouTube playlist next to the video player.\nWhen a user vis...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "Suppose I have the geographic coordinates of \"Saratoga, California, USA\" as\n```Latitude: 37°15.8298' N\nLongitude: 122° 1.3806' W\n```\nI know from here that in the case of latitude ```1° ≈ 69 miles``` and that longitude varies:\n```1° longitude = cosine (latitude) * length ...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "Suppose I have the geographic coordinates of "Saratoga, California, USA" as\n```Latitude: 37°15.8298′ N\nLongitude: 122° 1.3806′ W\n```\nI know from here that in the case of latitude ```1° ≈ 69 miles``` and that longitude varie...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "I read like a billion times that some Norse warriors, when they die, go to Fólkvangr, while others go to Valhalla. How do they decide which warrior goes to which place? Why do they need so many \"paradises\" (whatever you call it)? Citing Wikipedia: > In Norse mythology, Fólkva...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "I have read numerous times that some Norse warriors, upon death, would go in Fólkvangr, while some others would go to Valhalla. How was it decided which warrior would go to which place? Why did the need to have many \"paradises\" (whatev...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "I noticed there is a binary executable /bin/echo on my Ubuntu MATE 17.04 system. I thought that's odd, because $ type echo echo is a shell builtin. Cursory testing suggests that /bin/echo does the same sort of thing as the Bash builtin echo. So, why is there another version of ...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "I noticed that there is a binary executable ```/bin/echo``` on my Ubuntu MATE 17.04 system.\nI thought, that's odd, because\n```$ type echo\necho is a shell builtin```\nCursory testing suggests that ```/bin/echo``` does the same sort of ...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "What's the diffrence between JavaScript object, class and function?" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "As you must already be aware by now there are no classes in JavaScript. Instead functions in JavaScript may be made to behave like constructors by preceding a ...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "what's the difference between JavaScript objects, classes and functions?", "type": "smartphone" }, "source": "stackexchange", "split": "train" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "In most introdutory algoritm classess, notations like $O$ (Big O) and $\\Theta$ are introduced, and a student would typically learn to use one of these to find the time complexity. However, there are other notations, such as $o$, $\\Omega$ and $\\omega$. Are there any specific ...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "In most introductory algorithm classes, notations like $O$ (Big O) and $\\Theta$ are introduced, and a student would typically learn to use one of these to find the time complexity.\nHowever, there are other notations, such as $o$, $\\Om...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "Why is Gia operating around Earth orbit? Why not send it to Neptune's orbit?" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "Well, you thought about the spatial aspect of a parallax measurement, but not about the temporal one.\nGaia's intention is to measure 3D positions as ...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "Why is Gaia operating around Earth orbit? Why not send it to Neptune's orbit?", "type": "keyboard" }, "source": "stackexchange", "split": "train" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "I hav a strin reprsentin a unix timestamp (i.e. \"1284101485\") in Python, and I'd lik to convert it to a readable date. When I use time.strftime, I get a TypeError:\n>>>import time\n>>>print time.strftime(\"%B %d %Y\", \"1284101485\")\nTraceback (most recent call last): File \...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "I have a string representing a unix timestamp (i.e. "1284101485") in Python, and I'd like to convert it to a readable date. When I use ```time.strftime```, I get a ```TypeError```:\n```>>>import time\n>>>print time.strftime(&qu...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "In Django, the convention is to put all of your static files (i.e css, js) specific to your app into a folder called static. So the structure would look like this:\n```mysite/ manage.py mysite/ --> (settings.py, etc) myapp/ --> (models.py, views.py, etc) static/\n```\nIn ```mys...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": null, "source": "stackexchange", "split": "train" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "Im used to thinkin of finite-difference as a special case of finite-element, on a very constrained grid. What are criteri to choose between finite-difference and finite-element" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "It is possible to write most specific finite diffe...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "I am used to thinking of finite-differences as a special case of finite-elements, on a very constrained grid. What are criteria to choose between finite-differences and finite-elements", "type": "keyboard" }, "source": "stackexch...
[ { "role": "user", "content": "How imortant is multithreadding in the cuurrint software industy?" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "It is extremely important.\nWhat is more important though is to understand that multithreading is just one way to solve the asynchrony problem. The technical env...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "How important is multithreading in the current software industry?", "type": "smartphone" }, "source": "stackexchange", "split": "train" }
[ { "role": "user", "content": "Is it true dat the price of diamonds is based on a monopoly? And who actually runs/owns this supposed monopoly? Is this likely to affect diamond prices if I am interested in purchasing?" }, { "role": "assistant", "content": "Yes, the De Beers Group of Companies is a...	{ "num_turns": 2, "perturbation": { "applied": true, "original_text": "Is it true that the price of diamonds is based on a monopoly? And who actually runs/owns this supposed monopoly? Is this likely to affect diamond prices if I am interested in purchasing?", "type": "smartphone" }, "source": "stack...

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GAIR/LIMA TRL Dataset

This dataset is a transformed version of the GAIR/LIMA dataset, specifically formatted for training with TRL (Transformers Reinforcement Learning).

Dataset Summary

This dataset contains conversations from the GAIR/LIMA dataset, transformed into a message-based format suitable for conversational AI training and reinforcement learning.

Key Transformations

Converted from Q&A format to multi-turn conversation format
Applied message-level transformations (HTML tag removal, whitespace normalization)
Filtered conversations based on quality criteria (length checks, content validation)
Preserved original metadata for reference and traceability

Dataset Structure

Each example contains:

messages: List of conversation turns, each with:
- role: Either "user" or "assistant"
- content: Message text
metadata: Original and derived metadata including:
- original_id: ID from original LIMA dataset
- answers_count: Number of answers in original format
- original_data: Preserved original fields

Splits

train: Training split (filtered LIMA train set)
test: Test split (filtered LIMA test set)

Creation Process

This dataset was created using the transformation pipeline defined in the ProblemGenerationAgent repository:

Loading: GAIR/LIMA dataset loaded from HuggingFace Hub
Transformation: Message-level transformations applied (HTML removal, whitespace normalization)
Filtering: Conversations filtered based on quality criteria:
- Minimum conversation length: 2 messages
- Minimum answer length: 50 characters
- Maximum answer length: 5000 characters
Output: Transformed conversations in message format

See transformation_report.json for detailed statistics about the transformation process.

See rejection_log.json for conversations that did not pass filtering criteria.

Usage

from datasets import load_dataset

# Load the dataset
dataset = load_dataset("essobi/trl_gair_lima")

# Access examples
for example in dataset["train"]:
    messages = example["messages"]
    metadata = example["metadata"]

License

This dataset follows the same license as the original GAIR/LIMA dataset: CC-BY-NC-4.0

Citation

Original GAIR/LIMA dataset:

@article{zhou2023lima,
  title={LIMA: Less Is More for Alignment},
  author={Zhou, Chunting and Liu, Pengfei and Xu, Puxin and others},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2305.11206},
  year={2023}
}

Disclaimer

This transformed dataset is provided as-is for research and educational purposes. The original LIMA dataset is subject to its own license and terms of use.

Downloads last month: 32

Homepage:

GAIR/LIMA

Repository:

ProblemGenerationAgent

Paper:

LIMA: Less Is More for Alignment

Total file size:

3.12 MB

Paper for essobi/trl_gair_lima_v18

LIMA: Less Is More for Alignment

Paper • 2305.11206 • Published May 18, 2023 • 27