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ekacare
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BODHI-M

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English
Size:
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Tags:
medical
knowledge-graph
clinical
healthcare
india
snomed
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The dataset generation failed
Error code:   DatasetGenerationError
Exception:    CastError
Message:      Couldn't cast
head: string
head_type: string
relation: string
tail: string
tail_type: string
properties: struct<exclusivity: string, exclusivity_female: string, exclusivity_male: string, form_exclusivity:  (... 81 chars omitted)
  child 0, exclusivity: string
  child 1, exclusivity_female: string
  child 2, exclusivity_male: string
  child 3, form_exclusivity: string
  child 4, category_threshold: string
  child 5, vital_expiry_value: string
  child 6, polarity: string
text: string
to
{'text': Value('string')}
because column names don't match
Traceback:    Traceback (most recent call last):
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1872, in _prepare_split_single
                  for key, table in generator:
                                    ^^^^^^^^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/packaged_modules/json/json.py", line 289, in _generate_tables
                  self._cast_table(pa_table, json_field_paths=json_field_paths),
                  ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/packaged_modules/json/json.py", line 124, in _cast_table
                  pa_table = table_cast(pa_table, self.info.features.arrow_schema)
                             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/table.py", line 2272, in table_cast
                  return cast_table_to_schema(table, schema)
                         ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/table.py", line 2218, in cast_table_to_schema
                  raise CastError(
              datasets.table.CastError: Couldn't cast
              head: string
              head_type: string
              relation: string
              tail: string
              tail_type: string
              properties: struct<exclusivity: string, exclusivity_female: string, exclusivity_male: string, form_exclusivity:  (... 81 chars omitted)
                child 0, exclusivity: string
                child 1, exclusivity_female: string
                child 2, exclusivity_male: string
                child 3, form_exclusivity: string
                child 4, category_threshold: string
                child 5, vital_expiry_value: string
                child 6, polarity: string
              text: string
              to
              {'text': Value('string')}
              because column names don't match
              
              The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:
              
              Traceback (most recent call last):
                File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/job_runners/config/parquet_and_info.py", line 1347, in compute_config_parquet_and_info_response
                  parquet_operations = convert_to_parquet(builder)
                                       ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/job_runners/config/parquet_and_info.py", line 980, in convert_to_parquet
                  builder.download_and_prepare(
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 884, in download_and_prepare
                  self._download_and_prepare(
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 947, in _download_and_prepare
                  self._prepare_split(split_generator, **prepare_split_kwargs)
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1739, in _prepare_split
                  for job_id, done, content in self._prepare_split_single(
                                               ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1925, in _prepare_split_single
                  raise DatasetGenerationError("An error occurred while generating the dataset") from e
              datasets.exceptions.DatasetGenerationError: An error occurred while generating the dataset

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text
string
Chronic bronchitis (Concept) is a sub-concept of Chronic obstructive lung disease (Concept).
Acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive airways disease (Concept) is a sub-concept of Chronic obstructive lung disease (Concept).
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with acute lower respiratory infection (Concept) is a sub-concept of Chronic obstructive lung disease (Concept).
Diabetes mellitus type 2 (Concept) is a sub-concept of Diabetes mellitus (Concept).
Poor glycemic control (Concept) is a sub-concept of Diabetes mellitus (Concept).
Diabetes mellitus type 1 (Concept) is a sub-concept of Diabetes mellitus (Concept).
Diabetes mellitus type 2 in obese (Concept) is a sub-concept of Diabetes mellitus (Concept).
Gestational diabetes mellitus (Concept) is a sub-concept of Diabetes mellitus (Concept).
Impaired glucose tolerance (Concept) is a sub-concept of Diabetes mellitus (Concept).
Acanthosis nigricans (Concept) is a sub-concept of Diabetes mellitus (Concept).
Hyperinsulinism (Concept) is a sub-concept of Diabetes mellitus (Concept).
Insulin resistance (Concept) is a sub-concept of Diabetes mellitus (Concept).
Type I diabetes mellitus maturity onset (Concept) is a sub-concept of Diabetes mellitus (Concept).
Impaired fasting glycemia (Concept) is a sub-concept of Diabetes mellitus (Concept).
Hyperglycemia (Concept) is a sub-concept of Diabetes mellitus (Concept).
Diabetes mellitus associated with pancreatic disease (Concept) is a sub-concept of Diabetes mellitus (Concept).
Latent autoimmune diabetes mellitus in adult (Concept) is a sub-concept of Diabetes mellitus (Concept).
Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (Concept) is a sub-concept of Diabetes mellitus (Concept).
Steroid-induced diabetes (Concept) is a sub-concept of Diabetes mellitus (Concept).
Diabetes mellitus type 2 in nonobese (Concept) is a sub-concept of Diabetes mellitus (Concept).
Pneumocystis jirovecii (Concept) is a sub-concept of Lower respiratory tract infection (Concept).
Acute lower respiratory tract infection (Concept) is a sub-concept of Lower respiratory tract infection (Concept).
Invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae disease (Concept) is a sub-concept of Lower respiratory tract infection (Concept).
Pneumonia (Concept) is a sub-concept of Lower respiratory tract infection (Concept).
Bronchopneumonia (Concept) is a sub-concept of Lower respiratory tract infection (Concept).
Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia (Concept) is a sub-concept of Lower respiratory tract infection (Concept).
Bronchiolitis (Concept) is a sub-concept of Lower respiratory tract infection (Concept).
Viral pneumonia (Concept) is a sub-concept of Lower respiratory tract infection (Concept).
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (Concept) is a sub-concept of Lower respiratory tract infection (Concept).
Acute bronchiolitis (Concept) is a sub-concept of Lower respiratory tract infection (Concept).
Influenza (Concept) is a sub-concept of Lower respiratory tract infection (Concept).
Cervical disc disorder (Concept) is a sub-concept of Cervical spondylosis (Concept).
Cervical spondylosis with radiculopathy (Concept) is a sub-concept of Cervical spondylosis (Concept).
Cervical radiculitis (Concept) is a sub-concept of Cervical spondylosis (Concept).
Cervical myelopathy (Concept) is a sub-concept of Cervical spondylosis (Concept).
Cervical radiculopathy (Concept) is a sub-concept of Cervical spondylosis (Concept).
Pyelonephritis (Concept) is a sub-concept of Nephritis (Concept).
Membranous glomerulonephritis (Concept) is a sub-concept of Nephritis (Concept).
Acute pyelonephritis (Concept) is a sub-concept of Nephritis (Concept).
Systemic lupus erythematosus glomerulonephritis syndrome (Concept) is a sub-concept of Nephritis (Concept).
Lumbar disc prolapse with radiculopathy (Concept) is a sub-concept of Intervertebral disc prolapse (Concept).
Discitis (Concept) is a sub-concept of Intervertebral disc prolapse (Concept).
Degeneration of intervertebral disc (Concept) is a sub-concept of Intervertebral disc prolapse (Concept).
Prolapsed cervical intervertebral disc (Concept) is a sub-concept of Intervertebral disc prolapse (Concept).
Chronic kidney disease stage 3B (Concept) is a sub-concept of Chronic kidney disease (Concept).
Chronic kidney disease stage 3A (Concept) is a sub-concept of Chronic kidney disease (Concept).
Chronic kidney disease stage 1 (Concept) is a sub-concept of Chronic kidney disease (Concept).
Chronic kidney disease stage 2 (Concept) is a sub-concept of Chronic kidney disease (Concept).
Renal failure syndrome (Concept) is a sub-concept of Chronic kidney disease (Concept).
Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (Concept) is a sub-concept of Chronic kidney disease (Concept).
Chronic kidney disease stage 5 on dialysis (Concept) is a sub-concept of Chronic kidney disease (Concept).
Chronic renal failure syndrome (Concept) is a sub-concept of Chronic kidney disease (Concept).
Chronic kidney disease stage 3 (Concept) is a sub-concept of Chronic kidney disease (Concept).
Chronic kidney disease stage 5 (Concept) is a sub-concept of Chronic kidney disease (Concept).
Chronic kidney disease stage 4 (Concept) is a sub-concept of Chronic kidney disease (Concept).
Non-alcoholic fatty liver (Concept) is a sub-concept of Steatosis of liver (Concept).
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (Concept) is a sub-concept of Steatosis of liver (Concept).
Infectious gastroenteritis (Concept) is a sub-concept of Gastroenteritis (Concept).
Acute gastroenteritis (Concept) is a sub-concept of Gastroenteritis (Concept).
Irritant contact dermatitis due to lip-licking (Concept) is a sub-concept of Eczema (Concept).
Psoriasiform eczema (Concept) is a sub-concept of Eczema (Concept).
Dry eczema (Concept) is a sub-concept of Eczema (Concept).
Chronic eczema (Concept) is a sub-concept of Eczema (Concept).
Eczema of lower leg (Concept) is a sub-concept of Eczema (Concept).
Foot eczema (Concept) is a sub-concept of Eczema (Concept).
Asteatotic eczema (Concept) is a sub-concept of Eczema (Concept).
Nummular eczema (Concept) is a sub-concept of Eczema (Concept).
Vesicular hand eczema (Concept) is a sub-concept of Eczema (Concept).
Hearing loss of left ear (Concept) is a sub-concept of Hearing loss (Concept).
Otosclerosis (Concept) is a sub-concept of Hearing loss (Concept).
Presbycusis (Concept) is a sub-concept of Hearing loss (Concept).
Obscure auditory dysfunction (Concept) is a sub-concept of Hearing loss (Concept).
Sensorineural hearing loss (Concept) is a sub-concept of Hearing loss (Concept).
Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (Concept) is a sub-concept of Conjunctivitis (Concept).
Red eye (Concept) is a sub-concept of Conjunctivitis (Concept).
Atopic conjunctivitis (Concept) is a sub-concept of Conjunctivitis (Concept).
Blepharoconjunctivitis (Concept) is a sub-concept of Conjunctivitis (Concept).
Allergic conjunctivitis (Concept) is a sub-concept of Conjunctivitis (Concept).
Viral conjunctivitis (Concept) is a sub-concept of Conjunctivitis (Concept).
Lumbago with sciatica (Concept) is a sub-concept of Sciatica (Concept).
16839401000119104 (Concept) is a sub-concept of Sciatica (Concept).
Acute eruptive lichen planus (Concept) is a sub-concept of Lichen (Concept).
Hypertrophic lichen planus (Concept) is a sub-concept of Lichen (Concept).
Lichen striatus (Concept) is a sub-concept of Lichen (Concept).
Lichen nitidus (Concept) is a sub-concept of Lichen (Concept).
Lichen planopilaris (Concept) is a sub-concept of Lichen (Concept).
Lichen planus (Concept) is a sub-concept of Lichen (Concept).
Lichen simplex chronicus (Concept) is a sub-concept of Lichen (Concept).
Urticarial vasculitis (Concept) is a sub-concept of Urticaria (Concept).
Allergic urticaria (Concept) is a sub-concept of Urticaria (Concept).
Chronic autoimmune urticaria (Concept) is a sub-concept of Urticaria (Concept).
Chronic idiopathic urticaria (Concept) is a sub-concept of Urticaria (Concept).
Wheal (Concept) is a sub-concept of Urticaria (Concept).
Cholinergic urticaria (Concept) is a sub-concept of Urticaria (Concept).
Chronic urticaria (Concept) is a sub-concept of Urticaria (Concept).
Dermatographic urticaria (Concept) is a sub-concept of Urticaria (Concept).
Acute urticaria (Concept) is a sub-concept of Urticaria (Concept).
Chronic alcoholic liver disease (Concept) is a sub-concept of Alcoholic liver damage (Concept).
Alcoholic hepatitis (Concept) is a sub-concept of Alcoholic liver damage (Concept).
Myopic astigmatism (Concept) is a sub-concept of Disorder of refraction (Concept).
End of preview.

BODHI-M — Concept-Drug-Lab Investigation Knowledge Graph

Part of BODHI (Bharat Ontology for Disease & Healthcare Informatics) — open clinical knowledge graphs for grounding healthcare AI in verified medical facts.

→ Full writeup: motivation, design & use cases → GitHub (all formats: Neo4j, CSV, PyG, RDF)

What is BODHI-M?

BODHI-M maps SNOMED-coded clinical concepts (disorders, findings, procedures, lifestyle factors) to their generic drug treatments and LOINC-coded lab investigations, organised in a three-level hierarchy: System → Group → Granular.

Built and validated by expert clinicians at Eka Care, it has powered production patient health profiling and longitudinal health views across millions of records in India.

The three-tier concept hierarchy is a core design choice: when a drug or lab result cannot confidently pinpoint a specific granular disease, the graph supports reliable "soft inference" at the broader System or Group level. This also enables reverse inference — deducing likely conditions from a patient's medication list alone.

Stats

Metric Count
Concept nodes 2,471
Drug nodes 1,186
LabInvestigation nodes 812
Total relationships 3,566
Concept → Concept (CHILD_OF) 1,768
Concept → Drug (TREATED_BY) 908
LabInvestigation → Concept (IMPACTS) 808
Concept → LabInvestigation (MONITORED_BY) 82

Concept hierarchy: System 14 → Group 250 → Granular 1,942

LabInvestigation LOINC coverage: 812 LOINC-mapped tests across Immunological, Renal, Hematological, Endocrine, and Gastrointestinal domains.

Files

File Description
triples.jsonl (head, relation, tail, properties) structured triples
nl_facts.jsonl Natural-language fact strings, suitable for LLM fine-tuning / RAG

For Neo4j dump, CSV, PyTorch Geometric, and RDF/Turtle formats, see the GitHub repository.

Schema (triples)

Each line in triples.jsonl:

{
  "head": "<node_id>",
  "head_type": "Concept | Drug | LabInvestigation",
  "relation": "CHILD_OF | TREATED_BY | IMPACTS | MONITORED_BY",
  "tail": "<node_id>",
  "tail_type": "Concept | Drug | LabInvestigation",
  "properties": { ... }
}

Standards

  • SNOMED CT — all concept nodes carry SNOMED IDs
  • LOINC — all lab investigation nodes carry LOINC IDs

Use Cases

  • Reverse inference — deduce likely conditions from a patient's medication history
  • Patient health profiling — build richer longitudinal views from fragmented health data
  • GraphRAG — structured grounding for LLMs on treatment and investigation reasoning
  • GNN training — heterogeneous graph with multi-class nodes and typed edges

License

CC BY-NC 4.0 — free for non-commercial use with attribution to Eka Care.
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