ehasler/arc_easy-k5-folds · Datasets at Hugging Face

id stringlengths 13 22	question stringlengths 30 473	choices dict	answerKey stringclasses 8 values
Mercury_7007893	Ocean tides result mainly from	{ "text": [ "surface winds.", "radiant heat from stars.", "Earth's tilt on its axis.", "the Moon's gravitational pull." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D
Mercury_SC_415772	If you bounce a rubber ball on the floor, it goes up and then comes down. What causes the ball to come down?	{ "text": [ "magnetism", "gravity", "electricity", "friction" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B
Mercury_7271583	About 75% of the world's active volcanoes are the result of tectonic activity around which plate?	{ "text": [ "North American Plate", "African Plate", "Pacific Plate", "Nazca Plate" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C
Mercury_7003710	Charged particles formed during a chemical reaction are called	{ "text": [ "ions.", "protons.", "molecules.", "neutrons." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A
Mercury_7154490	In order for nitrogen to be used for growth in organisms, it must be "fixed." When nitrogen is "fixed," it is combined into the form of ammonium or other nitrogen ions. During which type of fixation do organisms and nitrogen interact?	{ "text": [ "biological", "combustion", "industrial", "lightning" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A
NCEOGA_2013_5_51	A scientist is trying to decide whether an organism is unicellular or multicellular. Which information would help the scientist most to make her decision?	{ "text": [ "size of the cells of the organism", "what the organism eats", "how many types of cells are in the organism", "how fast the organism grows" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C
Mercury_SC_400061	Over time, coal began to form from	{ "text": [ "snow and ice.", "sand and rock.", "many dead plants.", "lots of animal bones." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C
MCAS_2016_5_7	Which of the following happens only during the adult stage of the life cycle of a frog?	{ "text": [ "A frog lays eggs.", "A frog swims in water.", "A frog begins to lose its tail.", "A frog begins to develop lungs." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A
Mercury_SC_409390	Don throws a ball in the air. The ball comes back to the ground because	{ "text": [ "the wind pushes on the ball with friction.", "the mass of Earth creates a pull of gravity on the ball.", "the core of Earth pulls on the ball with a magnetic attraction.", "the weight of the atmosphere pushes down on the ball." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B
Mercury_7213553	An automobile engine transforms chemical energy of fuel primarily into	{ "text": [ "electrical energy and light energy.", "electrical energy and mechanical energy.", "thermal energy and light energy.", "thermal energy and mechanical energy." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D
Mercury_7176190	The Halifax River has a major flood plain in Port Orange, Florida. Minerals are deposited into the soil of the flood plain when the water overflows the banks of the river. These minerals can reduce the absorption of the soil in the flood plain and affect the growth of plants in the area. Which best describes the role o...	{ "text": [ "a trophic level", "a limiting factor", "a territorial boundary", "a food-chain component" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B
Mercury_7038098	A student conducts an experiment with potato slices and salt water. The student wants to determine if a higher concentration of salt will affect the amount of water a potato slice absorbs. Which tool would be best to compare the masses of the potato slices?	{ "text": [ "a balance", "a ruler", "a microscope", "a graduated cylinder" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A
Mercury_SC_406661	Which is most important to do when making directions for an experiment?	{ "text": [ "Name how many experiments have been done.", "Tell how to do a different experiment.", "Show the results of the experiment.", "Write the experiment in order." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D
Mercury_7107363	A group of students compared the effects of fertilizer on the growth of tomato plants. The students gave six tomato plants Fertilizer 1 and six other tomato plants Fertilizer 2. They grew the plants under the same conditions. After several weeks, the students concluded that the tomato plants that received Fertilizer 1 ...	{ "text": [ "using different growing conditions for a group of the plants", "growing a group of tomato plants without fertilizer", "growing different types of plants with each fertilizer", "applying a combination of fertilizers to all the plants" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ...	B
ACTAAP_2011_5_2	Which process uses carbon from the air to make food for plants?	{ "text": [ "growth", "respiration", "decomposition", "photosynthesis" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D
Mercury_7007630	Where are electrons in an atom located?	{ "text": [ "models", "orbitals", "energy levels", "electron clouds" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B
LEAP_2011_8_10436	In which group of animals below are all of the members well adapted to living in a forest ecosystem?	{ "text": [ "field mouse, rabbit, pheasant", "gull, tree frog, grasshopper", "coyote, antelope, bison", "squirrel, deer, woodpecker" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D
Mercury_7268818	After fossils are formed, which process is most likely to destroy them?	{ "text": [ "the carbon cycle", "the nitrogen cycle", "the water cycle", "the rock cycle" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D
ACTAAP_2011_5_12	There are many different processes that take place in plant and animal cells. Cellular respiration is one of those processes. What is the purpose of cellular respiration?	{ "text": [ "To make and store food", "To add oxygen to the atmosphere", "To release energy from stored food", "To remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C
MCAS_1998_4_25	At 10 A.M. the Sun is shining on a puddle of water on the road. At 2 P.M. the Sun is still shining and the puddle has disappeared. What happened to the water?	{ "text": [ "It rained.", "It condensed.", "It evaporated.", "It froze." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C
Mercury_7112788	A student conducts an experiment to determine the average size of acorn that squirrels eat. The student gave several different sizes of acorns to a squirrel. Which action would most likely improve the results?	{ "text": [ "change the food source", "use more than one squirrel", "increase the number of students", "shorten the period of observation" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B
Mercury_SC_407784	What do all vertebrate animals have in common?	{ "text": [ "They all have fur.", "They all have backbones.", "They all are warm-blooded.", "They all have young that look like the adults." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B
Mercury_183190	Which of the following is an example of a structural adaptation?	{ "text": [ "a wolf's howl", "an insect's coloring", "a fish's fin", "a squirrel storing acorns" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C
Mercury_185203	What part of the body receives information from the senses?	{ "text": [ "heart", "brain", "lungs", "stomach" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B
Mercury_7103373	Which of these questions is best answered by observing the habitat of an insect?	{ "text": [ "How much does an insect weigh?", "How long does an insect live?", "When does an insect breed?", "Where does an insect live?" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D
MDSA_2010_8_17	An object is moving in a straight line at a constant speed. What will happen to the object if no outside force acts on the object?	{ "text": [ "The speed and direction of the object will change.", "The speed and direction of the object will not change.", "The direction of the object will change; the speed will remain constant.", "The speed of the object will change; the direction will remain constant." ], "label": [ "A", ...	B
Mercury_7004708	When an earthquake occurs, the speed of the seismic waves changes as they	{ "text": [ "move through different materials.", "are pulled by the force of gravity.", "lose energy to surrounding rocks.", "reflect off of boundaries." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A
AKDE&ED_2012_8_18	Which skill is a scientist using when sorting rocks into two groups based on physical appearance?	{ "text": [ "inferring", "classifying", "generalizing", "hypothesizing" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B
NYSEDREGENTS_2014_8_40	Which process transfers heat when particles collide in a solid?	{ "text": [ "convection", "conduction", "radiation", "evaporation" ], "label": [ "1", "2", "3", "4" ] }	2
Mercury_7082583	The force of gravitational attraction between Earth and any object on Earth is measured as	{ "text": [ "mass.", "weight.", "volume.", "density." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B
Mercury_7017080	What property is the same for each atom of an element?	{ "text": [ "energy", "mass number", "atomic number", "number of neutrons" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C
Mercury_7032568	In an atom, the electrons can be found	{ "text": [ "orbiting the nucleus.", "inside the nucleus.", "bonded to the protons.", "bonded to the neutrons." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A
Mercury_7014455	Which generates waves that are capable of traveling through a vacuum?	{ "text": [ "a light bulb", "a speaker", "earthquake activity", "volcanic eruption" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A
Mercury_7094080	Which of the following is the most likely cause of earthquakes?	{ "text": [ "shifting rock layers", "crashing meteorites", "rotation of the core", "magnetic force" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A
NYSEDREGENTS_2014_8_27	Which weather condition commonly occurs along a cold front?	{ "text": [ "clear skies", "precipitation", "warm temperatures", "dry air" ], "label": [ "1", "2", "3", "4" ] }	2
Mercury_7203508	The numbat, a small Australian marsupial, requires fallen logs and dead trees for shelter and for its primary food, termites. Loss of old-growth forests containing logs and dead trees could threaten the numbat with extinction. What would be the best method to protect the numbat from extinction?	{ "text": [ "provide feeding stations with termites for the numbats", "protect areas of old-growth forest from clear-cutting", "prohibit hiking in forests where numbats live", "move the numbat to a different habitat" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B
Mercury_SC_416126	Bone cells need nutrients. Which two systems get nutrients to bone cells?	{ "text": [ "the digestive system and the circulatory system", "the circulatory system and the respiratory system", "the respiratory system and the skeletal system", "the skeletal system and the digestive system" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A
Mercury_7110933	Which of these best explains why peer review is critical to the advancement of science?	{ "text": [ "It provides an independent assessment of conclusions.", "It allows laboratories to practice science.", "It creates more job opportunities for scientists.", "It ensures all scientists will study similar phenomena." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A
Mercury_7012775	Twentieth-century research by such scientists as Jonas Salk on the use of vaccines has reduced the number of people who are infected with	{ "text": [ "polio.", "stroke.", "diabetes.", "tuberculosis." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A
MCAS_2004_8_24	Support cables in a suspension bridge are most stressed by which of the following forces?	{ "text": [ "shear", "torsion", "tension", "compression" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C
Mercury_7206448	Scientists study the reaction of some bacteria to antibiotics, hoping to learn about a new strain of resistant bacteria. This method of gaining scientific knowledge is best described as	{ "text": [ "observing changes in a single trial.", "testing for a desired trait.", "repeating steps in a procedure.", "controlling changes in conditions." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B
Mercury_7094185	What type of landform is most likely formed by a divergent tectonic plate boundary?	{ "text": [ "island arc", "oceanic trench", "rift zone", "folded mountains" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C
Mercury_7069528	In an electric motor, electrical energy is converted into	{ "text": [ "mechanical energy.", "chemical energy.", "thermal energy.", "light energy." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A
ACTAAP_2010_7_11	The major organ systems in the human body interact in many ways. Which of the following statements describes one way that the skeletal system interacts with the circulatory system?	{ "text": [ "The skull protects the brain from injury.", "Red blood cells carry oxygen to the bones.", "The skull supports the eyes in their sockets.", "Red blood cells carry oxygen to the muscles." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B
Mercury_7156800	Peptide bonds in proteins can be broken down by the enzyme peptidase. Adrian orders a hamburger and French fries for lunch. He adds cheese and mayonnaise to his hamburger, and then sits down to eat lunch with his friends. Which structure would most likely result from the action of peptidase in Adrian's small intestine?	{ "text": [ "lipid", "glucose", "amino acid", "hydrocarbon" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C
Mercury_7010920	Which human body systems are most directly involved when a person is walking?	{ "text": [ "muscular and nervous", "excretory and respiratory", "circulatory and endocrine", "digestive and reproductive" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A
MCAS_2013_5_29401	While hiking last year, Mike saw a large boulder next to a mountain trail. The boulder had no cracks. While hiking on the trail this year, he saw two large cracks in the boulder. Which of the following most likely caused these cracks to form?	{ "text": [ "shaking from high winds", "pressure from flowing water", "erosion due to falling rain and snow", "weathering due to freezing and thawing" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D
Mercury_7082093	Which object is best used to demonstrate the bending of light as it passes through a substance?	{ "text": [ "convex lens", "flat mirror", "opaque rod", "concave mirror" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A
MCAS_2016_8_3	A substance with a mass of 10 g is heated to produce two new substances. The mass of the first new substance is 9.3 g and the mass of the second new substance is 0.7 g. Which of the following is best demonstrated by this example?	{ "text": [ "heat transfer", "physical change", "law of conservation of mass", "law of conservation of energy" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C
Mercury_7044783	The rate at which a wave passes through a medium is known as its	{ "text": [ "speed.", "amplitude.", "acceleration.", "wavelength." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A
VASoL_2009_5_10	A student is hiking through a forest taking pictures for science class. Which picture would most likely be used as an example of human impact on Earth?	{ "text": [ "A trail built by cutting down trees", "A river eroding away the riverbank", "A bird nest made of dead branches", "A group of butterflies landing on flowers" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A
Mercury_7223073	A scientist designs a mathematical model of the rock cycle. The model predicts how changes in Earth processes will affect the amounts of different types of rock on Earth. Which quantity should stay the same as Earth processes change?	{ "text": [ "the average rate at which Earth rotates", "the average distance of Earth from the Sun", "the total number of inactive volcanoes on Earth", "the total amount of material on Earth" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D
Mercury_7269220	Wave energy from the ocean can be harnessed to power generators to make electricity. Energy from ocean tides can also be used to make electricity. How would you categorize these two sources of energy?	{ "text": [ "Both are renewable.", "Both are nonrenewable.", "Wave energy is nonrenewable. Tidal energy is renewable.", "Wave energy is renewable. Tidal energy is nonrenewable." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A
MCAS_2004_9_16	Tides, such as those along the coast of Massachusetts, are caused by gravitational attractions acting on Earth. Why is the gravitational attraction of the Moon a greater factor in determining tides than the gravitational attraction of the much larger Sun?	{ "text": [ "Earth is much closer to the Moon than to the Sun.", "The Sun's gravity is a factor only during the day.", "The Moon's core has a much greater density than the Sun's core.", "The Sun's mass is smaller than the mass of the Moon." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A
Mercury_7029873	Which human activity contributes to the formation of acid rain?	{ "text": [ "using too much fertilizer in agriculture", "cutting down large areas of tropical forests", "burning fossil fuels such as coal and gasoline", "using chemicals that destroy ozone in the stratosphere" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C
VASoL_2007_3_32	Cows are farm animals that eat only plants. Which of these kinds of living things is a cow?	{ "text": [ "Decomposer", "Herbivore", "Carnivore", "Producer" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B
AKDE&ED_2012_4_35	Algae are organisms that live in water. Scientists discovered a new type of red algae near Knight Island in Prince William Sound. Which statement is most likely a positive effect of this discovery?	{ "text": [ "Scientists studying the red algae are disturbing local wildlife.", "The red algae may help scientists better understand local food webs.", "Visitors to Alaska may want to collect the red algae and take it home.", "The red algae may be moved by boat to other areas when people travel." ],...	B
MCAS_2006_9_9-v1	A sailboat travels 35 km in 5 hr. Which of the following describes the motion of the sailboat?	{ "text": [ "Its momentum is 7 km/hr.", "Its acceleration is 7 km/hr.", "Its displacement is 7 km/hr.", "Its average speed is 7 km/hr." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D
Mercury_SC_LBS10170	An anemometer is a tool that measures	{ "text": [ "wind direction.", "wind speed.", "air pressure.", "air temperature." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B
VASoL_2007_3_33	Which of these causes the MOST evaporation of water from a lake?	{ "text": [ "Freezing of the lake", "Heat from the Sun", "Melting snow forming streams", "Volcanic activity near the lake" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B
Mercury_SC_401158	Which word best describes the physical state of an ice cube?	{ "text": [ "gas", "solid", "liquid", "plasma" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B
MCAS_2013_8_29415	Which of the following observations best supports the conclusion that two animal species evolved from a common ancestor in recent geological history?	{ "text": [ "The species are both herbivores.", "The species have similar bone structure.", "The species live in the same environment.", "The species both obtain oxygen from the air." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B
Mercury_7032550	A longitudinal wave, such as a sound wave, can travel through	{ "text": [ "solids only.", "liquids only.", "gas, liquids, and solids.", "gas and a vacuum only." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C
Mercury_SC_405304	A student placed an ice cube on a plate in the sun. Ten minutes later, only water was on the plate. Which process caused the ice cube to change to water?	{ "text": [ "condensation", "evaporation", "freezing", "melting" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D
Mercury_7041580	Which land feature is formed from erosion by waves?	{ "text": [ "a sandbar", "a sea cliff", "a barrier reef", "a barrier island" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B
Mercury_SC_400150	Which object will conduct electricity, conduct heat, and be attracted to a magnet?	{ "text": [ "iron nail", "wooden toothpick", "aluminum foil", "cotton ball" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A
NYSEDREGENTS_2014_4_27	A body structure under a skunk's tail produces a liquid with a very bad odor. This odor helps the skunk to	{ "text": [ "avoid predators", "obtain food", "make a shelter", "regulate its body heat" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A
Mercury_7064663	A student observes a substance that is highly reflective and able to conduct electricity. The substance also has a high melting point. Which is the most likely classification for this substance?	{ "text": [ "salt", "glass", "metal", "plastic" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C
Mercury_7142030	Which is an abiotic factor that most limits the number of frogs living in a pond?	{ "text": [ "the color of the water", "the number of predators", "the temperature of the water", "the populations of producers" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C
MDSA_2011_4_36	A teacher carefully places some objects into very hot water. After one minute, which item is most likely too hot to touch?	{ "text": [ "a cloth napkin", "a metal spoon", "a plastic pencil", "a wooden stick" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B
WASL_2005_5_11	What is the function of skin on the human body?	{ "text": [ "Skin has pores that help the body sense odor.", "Skin protects the body from harmful substances.", "Skin brings oxygen directly into the body's bloodstream." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C" ] }	B
Mercury_7030590	An engineer tests three new ceramic parts, each of which could potentially replace a steel part inside an automotive engine. The three parts, identical in size, are each made of a different ceramic compound. The parts are heated to the same temperature and placed under the same stress loads. At the end of the test, the...	{ "text": [ "dimensions of the parts", "temperatures to which the parts were heated", "the engine used to test the parts", "the composition of the parts" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D
MCAS_2011_8_17687	A movie studio will use two methods of communication, television and the Internet, to advertise a new movie. Which of the following must both methods of communication use in order to show the advertisements to viewers around the world?	{ "text": [ "systems to locate viewers", "networks to transmit signals", "printing to create the images", "software to search for images" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B
MCAS_2004_5_12	In Colonial America, people used ice to help keep foods fresh. They cut the ice from lakes and ponds during the winter and stored the ice in ice houses. They sometimes used hay as an insulator to prevent the ice from melting. If you wanted to build an icehouse today, which of the following would be the best material to...	{ "text": [ "dried leaves", "foam blocks", "plastic wrap", "rock salt" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B
NYSEDREGENTS_2014_8_11	A body cell that is undergoing abnormal cell division is most likely	{ "text": [ "producing sex cells", "transporting nutrients", "forming cancerous cells", "developing an infection" ], "label": [ "1", "2", "3", "4" ] }	3
MCAS_2003_5_35	Which of the following traits of a dog is inherited from its parents?	{ "text": [ "the presence of fleas in its fur", "the color of its fur", "the ability to sit up and beg", "the habit of barking to go outside" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B
MCAS_2004_9_6	Two workers are using a scaffold. One worker weighs 180 lbs. and the other weighs 200 lbs. Impact effects are assumed to increase the live load of the workers' weight by 25 percent. What is the resultant maximum live load, in pounds, that can be expected from the two workers supported by the scaffold?	{ "text": [ "380 lbs.", "475 lbs.", "625 lbs.", "950 lbs." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B
TIMSS_2011_8_pg121	Bacteria that enter the body are destroyed by which type of cells?	{ "text": [ "white blood cells", "red blood cells", "kidney cells", "lung cells" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A
AIMS_2008_8_9	Which statement about the genetic traits of humans is true?	{ "text": [ "Recessive forms of genes are always visible in offspring.", "Visible traits are the same for each member of a family.", "Dominant forms of genes are always inherited from both parents.", "Visible traits depend on the dominant and recessive forms of genes from each parent." ], "label":...	D
NYSEDREGENTS_2014_8_2	A major function of a plant's roots is to	{ "text": [ "produce flowers", "release oxygen", "transport carbon dioxide", "take in water" ], "label": [ "1", "2", "3", "4" ] }	4
Mercury_7108413	After rubbing a rubber brush on wool, Gilbert is able to use the brush to pick up small strips of paper. What causes the paper to be attracted to the brush?	{ "text": [ "gravity", "electric current", "static electricity", "magnetism" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C
Mercury_7247905	Which of these structures is produced in an ovary?	{ "text": [ "fetus", "sperm", "egg", "embryo" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C
Mercury_SC_402159	What should a student do if he gets a red, itchy rash after a class field trip?	{ "text": [ "scratch it", "wait for it to go away", "tell the teacher right away", "tell his best friend after school" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C
Mercury_7099015	At the end of the mitotic cell cycle, a cell divides into two cells. What must happen before the cell divides?	{ "text": [ "The number of organelles doubles.", "Chromosomes must be copied.", "Four nuclei must be formed.", "The membrane thickens." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B
Mercury_7201915	An increase in tourism and agriculture in the Florida Everglades most likely had which effect?	{ "text": [ "an increase in water pollution", "a decrease in industrialization", "an increase in total biomass", "a decrease in nonnative plants" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A
Mercury_7164658	Earth, along with the other planets, revolves around the Sun. The planets revolve in a counterclockwise direction. The cause of the revolution is mostly due to which force?	{ "text": [ "electrical", "frictional", "gravitational", "magnetic" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C
Mercury_7141348	Which of these would help determine the changes in a plant species over geologic time?	{ "text": [ "examining the number of plants in a given area", "examining the type of animals that eat the plant", "examining the type of seeds the plant produces", "examining the fossil record of the plant" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D
Mercury_7037433	Many animals are still being hunted for their fur. Because of this, many of these animals are in danger of	{ "text": [ "starvation.", "extinction.", "forest fires.", "overpopulation." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B
MCAS_2013_8_29420	A cold can of juice is removed from the refrigerator and is placed outdoors on a warm day. After several minutes, moisture appears on the outside of the cold can. Which of the following statements best explains why the moisture appears?	{ "text": [ "The warm air absorbs cold from the can and changes to a liquid.", "Water vapor in the air condenses into a liquid on the cold can.", "The warm air causes heat to flow out of the can and condense in the air.", "Water vapor in the air absorbs heat from the can and changes to a liquid." ],...	B
Mercury_7211978	Students were investigating the relationship between the length and period of a pendulum. They made a pendulum by using string to suspend a 0.5-kg mass from a fixed support. The students changed the length of the string and measured the time it took for the pendulum to complete ten cycles of motion. By dividing each ti...	{ "text": [ "the length of the pendulum", "the period of the pendulum", "the type of string used in making the pendulum", "the amount of mass used in making the pendulum" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A
Mercury_7245875	Which example shows a chemical change to food during digestion?	{ "text": [ "teeth chewing food", "enzymes breaking down food", "food moving through the intestines", "food churning in the stomach" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	B
Mercury_7074970	A disease that can be passed from one person to another is best described as being	{ "text": [ "hazardous.", "contaminated.", "infectious.", "toxic." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C
Mercury_SC_405526	Which is the best reason for planting a tree away from a sidewalk?	{ "text": [ "The tree would get sunlight.", "The tree would provide shelter for birds.", "The sidewalk might crack as the tree grows.", "The temperature of the sidewalk would drop." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C
Mercury_SC_405302	Which type of precipitation consists of frozen rain drops?	{ "text": [ "sleet", "hail", "snow", "fog" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A
Mercury_7190015	Some natural disasters can have a large effect on the global climate. Which type of natural disaster would produce the greatest decrease in solar radiation reaching the surface of Earth for the longest period of time?	{ "text": [ "a giant tsunami", "a strong earthquake", "a powerful hurricane", "a large volcanic eruption" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D
NYSEDREGENTS_2014_8_8	Which model can be used to trace genetic inheritance?	{ "text": [ "life cycle", "pedigree chart", "food web", "energy pyramid" ], "label": [ "1", "2", "3", "4" ] }	2
NYSEDREGENTS_2014_4_18	A prairie dog living in a community barks loudly. Other prairie dogs nearby know that danger is near and quickly go underground to hide. Which sense are these prairie dogs using to communicate?	{ "text": [ "hearing", "smelling", "tasting", "touching" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	A
MDSA_2008_5_41	A student is investigating changes in the states of matter. The student fills a graduated cylinder with 50 milliliters of packed snow. The graduated cylinder has a mass of 50 grams when empty and 95 grams when filled with the snow. During which process in the water cycle does snow fall to the ground?	{ "text": [ "classification", "condensation", "evaporation", "precipitation" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	D
MCAS_2009_8_4	Seafloor spreading provides evidence of which of the following Earth processes?	{ "text": [ "erosion of coastlines", "weathering of mountains", "movement of crustal plates", "formation of sedimentary rocks" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }	C
NYSEDREGENTS_2014_8_18	Which process in an apple tree primarily results from cell division?	{ "text": [ "growth", "photosynthesis", "gas exchange", "waste removal" ], "label": [ "1", "2", "3", "4" ] }	1

Mercury_7007893

Ocean tides result mainly from

{ "text": [ "surface winds.", "radiant heat from stars.", "Earth's tilt on its axis.", "the Moon's gravitational pull." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

Mercury_SC_415772

If you bounce a rubber ball on the floor, it goes up and then comes down. What causes the ball to come down?

{ "text": [ "magnetism", "gravity", "electricity", "friction" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

Mercury_7271583

About 75% of the world's active volcanoes are the result of tectonic activity around which plate?

{ "text": [ "North American Plate", "African Plate", "Pacific Plate", "Nazca Plate" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

Mercury_7003710

Charged particles formed during a chemical reaction are called

{ "text": [ "ions.", "protons.", "molecules.", "neutrons." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

Mercury_7154490

In order for nitrogen to be used for growth in organisms, it must be "fixed." When nitrogen is "fixed," it is combined into the form of ammonium or other nitrogen ions. During which type of fixation do organisms and nitrogen interact?

{ "text": [ "biological", "combustion", "industrial", "lightning" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

NCEOGA_2013_5_51

A scientist is trying to decide whether an organism is unicellular or multicellular. Which information would help the scientist most to make her decision?

{ "text": [ "size of the cells of the organism", "what the organism eats", "how many types of cells are in the organism", "how fast the organism grows" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

Mercury_SC_400061

Over time, coal began to form from

{ "text": [ "snow and ice.", "sand and rock.", "many dead plants.", "lots of animal bones." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

MCAS_2016_5_7

Which of the following happens only during the adult stage of the life cycle of a frog?

{ "text": [ "A frog lays eggs.", "A frog swims in water.", "A frog begins to lose its tail.", "A frog begins to develop lungs." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

Mercury_SC_409390

Don throws a ball in the air. The ball comes back to the ground because

{ "text": [ "the wind pushes on the ball with friction.", "the mass of Earth creates a pull of gravity on the ball.", "the core of Earth pulls on the ball with a magnetic attraction.", "the weight of the atmosphere pushes down on the ball." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

Mercury_7213553

An automobile engine transforms chemical energy of fuel primarily into

{ "text": [ "electrical energy and light energy.", "electrical energy and mechanical energy.", "thermal energy and light energy.", "thermal energy and mechanical energy." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

Mercury_7176190

The Halifax River has a major flood plain in Port Orange, Florida. Minerals are deposited into the soil of the flood plain when the water overflows the banks of the river. These minerals can reduce the absorption of the soil in the flood plain and affect the growth of plants in the area. Which best describes the role o...

{ "text": [ "a trophic level", "a limiting factor", "a territorial boundary", "a food-chain component" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

Mercury_7038098

A student conducts an experiment with potato slices and salt water. The student wants to determine if a higher concentration of salt will affect the amount of water a potato slice absorbs. Which tool would be best to compare the masses of the potato slices?

{ "text": [ "a balance", "a ruler", "a microscope", "a graduated cylinder" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

Mercury_SC_406661

Which is most important to do when making directions for an experiment?

{ "text": [ "Name how many experiments have been done.", "Tell how to do a different experiment.", "Show the results of the experiment.", "Write the experiment in order." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

Mercury_7107363

A group of students compared the effects of fertilizer on the growth of tomato plants. The students gave six tomato plants Fertilizer 1 and six other tomato plants Fertilizer 2. They grew the plants under the same conditions. After several weeks, the students concluded that the tomato plants that received Fertilizer 1 ...

{ "text": [ "using different growing conditions for a group of the plants", "growing a group of tomato plants without fertilizer", "growing different types of plants with each fertilizer", "applying a combination of fertilizers to all the plants" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ...

B

ACTAAP_2011_5_2

Which process uses carbon from the air to make food for plants?

{ "text": [ "growth", "respiration", "decomposition", "photosynthesis" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

Mercury_7007630

Where are electrons in an atom located?

{ "text": [ "models", "orbitals", "energy levels", "electron clouds" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

LEAP_2011_8_10436

In which group of animals below are all of the members well adapted to living in a forest ecosystem?

{ "text": [ "field mouse, rabbit, pheasant", "gull, tree frog, grasshopper", "coyote, antelope, bison", "squirrel, deer, woodpecker" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

Mercury_7268818

After fossils are formed, which process is most likely to destroy them?

{ "text": [ "the carbon cycle", "the nitrogen cycle", "the water cycle", "the rock cycle" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

ACTAAP_2011_5_12

There are many different processes that take place in plant and animal cells. Cellular respiration is one of those processes. What is the purpose of cellular respiration?

{ "text": [ "To make and store food", "To add oxygen to the atmosphere", "To release energy from stored food", "To remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

MCAS_1998_4_25

At 10 A.M. the Sun is shining on a puddle of water on the road. At 2 P.M. the Sun is still shining and the puddle has disappeared. What happened to the water?

{ "text": [ "It rained.", "It condensed.", "It evaporated.", "It froze." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

Mercury_7112788

A student conducts an experiment to determine the average size of acorn that squirrels eat. The student gave several different sizes of acorns to a squirrel. Which action would most likely improve the results?

{ "text": [ "change the food source", "use more than one squirrel", "increase the number of students", "shorten the period of observation" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

Mercury_SC_407784

What do all vertebrate animals have in common?

{ "text": [ "They all have fur.", "They all have backbones.", "They all are warm-blooded.", "They all have young that look like the adults." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

Mercury_183190

Which of the following is an example of a structural adaptation?

{ "text": [ "a wolf's howl", "an insect's coloring", "a fish's fin", "a squirrel storing acorns" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

Mercury_185203

What part of the body receives information from the senses?

{ "text": [ "heart", "brain", "lungs", "stomach" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

Mercury_7103373

Which of these questions is best answered by observing the habitat of an insect?

{ "text": [ "How much does an insect weigh?", "How long does an insect live?", "When does an insect breed?", "Where does an insect live?" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

MDSA_2010_8_17

An object is moving in a straight line at a constant speed. What will happen to the object if no outside force acts on the object?

{ "text": [ "The speed and direction of the object will change.", "The speed and direction of the object will not change.", "The direction of the object will change; the speed will remain constant.", "The speed of the object will change; the direction will remain constant." ], "label": [ "A", ...

B

Mercury_7004708

When an earthquake occurs, the speed of the seismic waves changes as they

{ "text": [ "move through different materials.", "are pulled by the force of gravity.", "lose energy to surrounding rocks.", "reflect off of boundaries." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

AKDE&ED_2012_8_18

Which skill is a scientist using when sorting rocks into two groups based on physical appearance?

{ "text": [ "inferring", "classifying", "generalizing", "hypothesizing" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

NYSEDREGENTS_2014_8_40

Which process transfers heat when particles collide in a solid?

{ "text": [ "convection", "conduction", "radiation", "evaporation" ], "label": [ "1", "2", "3", "4" ] }

2

Mercury_7082583

The force of gravitational attraction between Earth and any object on Earth is measured as

{ "text": [ "mass.", "weight.", "volume.", "density." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

Mercury_7017080

What property is the same for each atom of an element?

{ "text": [ "energy", "mass number", "atomic number", "number of neutrons" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

Mercury_7032568

In an atom, the electrons can be found

{ "text": [ "orbiting the nucleus.", "inside the nucleus.", "bonded to the protons.", "bonded to the neutrons." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

Mercury_7014455

Which generates waves that are capable of traveling through a vacuum?

{ "text": [ "a light bulb", "a speaker", "earthquake activity", "volcanic eruption" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

Mercury_7094080

Which of the following is the most likely cause of earthquakes?

{ "text": [ "shifting rock layers", "crashing meteorites", "rotation of the core", "magnetic force" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

NYSEDREGENTS_2014_8_27

Which weather condition commonly occurs along a cold front?

{ "text": [ "clear skies", "precipitation", "warm temperatures", "dry air" ], "label": [ "1", "2", "3", "4" ] }

2

Mercury_7203508

The numbat, a small Australian marsupial, requires fallen logs and dead trees for shelter and for its primary food, termites. Loss of old-growth forests containing logs and dead trees could threaten the numbat with extinction. What would be the best method to protect the numbat from extinction?

{ "text": [ "provide feeding stations with termites for the numbats", "protect areas of old-growth forest from clear-cutting", "prohibit hiking in forests where numbats live", "move the numbat to a different habitat" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

Mercury_SC_416126

Bone cells need nutrients. Which two systems get nutrients to bone cells?

{ "text": [ "the digestive system and the circulatory system", "the circulatory system and the respiratory system", "the respiratory system and the skeletal system", "the skeletal system and the digestive system" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

Mercury_7110933

Which of these best explains why peer review is critical to the advancement of science?

{ "text": [ "It provides an independent assessment of conclusions.", "It allows laboratories to practice science.", "It creates more job opportunities for scientists.", "It ensures all scientists will study similar phenomena." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

Mercury_7012775

Twentieth-century research by such scientists as Jonas Salk on the use of vaccines has reduced the number of people who are infected with

{ "text": [ "polio.", "stroke.", "diabetes.", "tuberculosis." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

MCAS_2004_8_24

Support cables in a suspension bridge are most stressed by which of the following forces?

{ "text": [ "shear", "torsion", "tension", "compression" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

Mercury_7206448

Scientists study the reaction of some bacteria to antibiotics, hoping to learn about a new strain of resistant bacteria. This method of gaining scientific knowledge is best described as

{ "text": [ "observing changes in a single trial.", "testing for a desired trait.", "repeating steps in a procedure.", "controlling changes in conditions." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

Mercury_7094185

What type of landform is most likely formed by a divergent tectonic plate boundary?

{ "text": [ "island arc", "oceanic trench", "rift zone", "folded mountains" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

Mercury_7069528

In an electric motor, electrical energy is converted into

{ "text": [ "mechanical energy.", "chemical energy.", "thermal energy.", "light energy." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

ACTAAP_2010_7_11

The major organ systems in the human body interact in many ways. Which of the following statements describes one way that the skeletal system interacts with the circulatory system?

{ "text": [ "The skull protects the brain from injury.", "Red blood cells carry oxygen to the bones.", "The skull supports the eyes in their sockets.", "Red blood cells carry oxygen to the muscles." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

Mercury_7156800

Peptide bonds in proteins can be broken down by the enzyme peptidase. Adrian orders a hamburger and French fries for lunch. He adds cheese and mayonnaise to his hamburger, and then sits down to eat lunch with his friends. Which structure would most likely result from the action of peptidase in Adrian's small intestine?

{ "text": [ "lipid", "glucose", "amino acid", "hydrocarbon" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

Mercury_7010920

Which human body systems are most directly involved when a person is walking?

{ "text": [ "muscular and nervous", "excretory and respiratory", "circulatory and endocrine", "digestive and reproductive" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

MCAS_2013_5_29401

While hiking last year, Mike saw a large boulder next to a mountain trail. The boulder had no cracks. While hiking on the trail this year, he saw two large cracks in the boulder. Which of the following most likely caused these cracks to form?

{ "text": [ "shaking from high winds", "pressure from flowing water", "erosion due to falling rain and snow", "weathering due to freezing and thawing" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

Mercury_7082093

Which object is best used to demonstrate the bending of light as it passes through a substance?

{ "text": [ "convex lens", "flat mirror", "opaque rod", "concave mirror" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

MCAS_2016_8_3

A substance with a mass of 10 g is heated to produce two new substances. The mass of the first new substance is 9.3 g and the mass of the second new substance is 0.7 g. Which of the following is best demonstrated by this example?

{ "text": [ "heat transfer", "physical change", "law of conservation of mass", "law of conservation of energy" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

Mercury_7044783

The rate at which a wave passes through a medium is known as its

{ "text": [ "speed.", "amplitude.", "acceleration.", "wavelength." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

VASoL_2009_5_10

A student is hiking through a forest taking pictures for science class. Which picture would most likely be used as an example of human impact on Earth?

{ "text": [ "A trail built by cutting down trees", "A river eroding away the riverbank", "A bird nest made of dead branches", "A group of butterflies landing on flowers" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

Mercury_7223073

A scientist designs a mathematical model of the rock cycle. The model predicts how changes in Earth processes will affect the amounts of different types of rock on Earth. Which quantity should stay the same as Earth processes change?

{ "text": [ "the average rate at which Earth rotates", "the average distance of Earth from the Sun", "the total number of inactive volcanoes on Earth", "the total amount of material on Earth" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

Mercury_7269220

Wave energy from the ocean can be harnessed to power generators to make electricity. Energy from ocean tides can also be used to make electricity. How would you categorize these two sources of energy?

{ "text": [ "Both are renewable.", "Both are nonrenewable.", "Wave energy is nonrenewable. Tidal energy is renewable.", "Wave energy is renewable. Tidal energy is nonrenewable." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

MCAS_2004_9_16

Tides, such as those along the coast of Massachusetts, are caused by gravitational attractions acting on Earth. Why is the gravitational attraction of the Moon a greater factor in determining tides than the gravitational attraction of the much larger Sun?

{ "text": [ "Earth is much closer to the Moon than to the Sun.", "The Sun's gravity is a factor only during the day.", "The Moon's core has a much greater density than the Sun's core.", "The Sun's mass is smaller than the mass of the Moon." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

Mercury_7029873

Which human activity contributes to the formation of acid rain?

{ "text": [ "using too much fertilizer in agriculture", "cutting down large areas of tropical forests", "burning fossil fuels such as coal and gasoline", "using chemicals that destroy ozone in the stratosphere" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

VASoL_2007_3_32

Cows are farm animals that eat only plants. Which of these kinds of living things is a cow?

{ "text": [ "Decomposer", "Herbivore", "Carnivore", "Producer" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

AKDE&ED_2012_4_35

Algae are organisms that live in water. Scientists discovered a new type of red algae near Knight Island in Prince William Sound. Which statement is most likely a positive effect of this discovery?

{ "text": [ "Scientists studying the red algae are disturbing local wildlife.", "The red algae may help scientists better understand local food webs.", "Visitors to Alaska may want to collect the red algae and take it home.", "The red algae may be moved by boat to other areas when people travel." ],...

B

MCAS_2006_9_9-v1

A sailboat travels 35 km in 5 hr. Which of the following describes the motion of the sailboat?

{ "text": [ "Its momentum is 7 km/hr.", "Its acceleration is 7 km/hr.", "Its displacement is 7 km/hr.", "Its average speed is 7 km/hr." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

Mercury_SC_LBS10170

An anemometer is a tool that measures

{ "text": [ "wind direction.", "wind speed.", "air pressure.", "air temperature." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

VASoL_2007_3_33

Which of these causes the MOST evaporation of water from a lake?

{ "text": [ "Freezing of the lake", "Heat from the Sun", "Melting snow forming streams", "Volcanic activity near the lake" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

Mercury_SC_401158

Which word best describes the physical state of an ice cube?

{ "text": [ "gas", "solid", "liquid", "plasma" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

MCAS_2013_8_29415

Which of the following observations best supports the conclusion that two animal species evolved from a common ancestor in recent geological history?

{ "text": [ "The species are both herbivores.", "The species have similar bone structure.", "The species live in the same environment.", "The species both obtain oxygen from the air." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

Mercury_7032550

A longitudinal wave, such as a sound wave, can travel through

{ "text": [ "solids only.", "liquids only.", "gas, liquids, and solids.", "gas and a vacuum only." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

Mercury_SC_405304

A student placed an ice cube on a plate in the sun. Ten minutes later, only water was on the plate. Which process caused the ice cube to change to water?

{ "text": [ "condensation", "evaporation", "freezing", "melting" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

Mercury_7041580

Which land feature is formed from erosion by waves?

{ "text": [ "a sandbar", "a sea cliff", "a barrier reef", "a barrier island" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

Mercury_SC_400150

Which object will conduct electricity, conduct heat, and be attracted to a magnet?

{ "text": [ "iron nail", "wooden toothpick", "aluminum foil", "cotton ball" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

NYSEDREGENTS_2014_4_27

A body structure under a skunk's tail produces a liquid with a very bad odor. This odor helps the skunk to

{ "text": [ "avoid predators", "obtain food", "make a shelter", "regulate its body heat" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

Mercury_7064663

A student observes a substance that is highly reflective and able to conduct electricity. The substance also has a high melting point. Which is the most likely classification for this substance?

{ "text": [ "salt", "glass", "metal", "plastic" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

Mercury_7142030

Which is an abiotic factor that most limits the number of frogs living in a pond?

{ "text": [ "the color of the water", "the number of predators", "the temperature of the water", "the populations of producers" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

MDSA_2011_4_36

A teacher carefully places some objects into very hot water. After one minute, which item is most likely too hot to touch?

{ "text": [ "a cloth napkin", "a metal spoon", "a plastic pencil", "a wooden stick" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

WASL_2005_5_11

What is the function of skin on the human body?

{ "text": [ "Skin has pores that help the body sense odor.", "Skin protects the body from harmful substances.", "Skin brings oxygen directly into the body's bloodstream." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C" ] }

B

Mercury_7030590

An engineer tests three new ceramic parts, each of which could potentially replace a steel part inside an automotive engine. The three parts, identical in size, are each made of a different ceramic compound. The parts are heated to the same temperature and placed under the same stress loads. At the end of the test, the...

{ "text": [ "dimensions of the parts", "temperatures to which the parts were heated", "the engine used to test the parts", "the composition of the parts" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

MCAS_2011_8_17687

A movie studio will use two methods of communication, television and the Internet, to advertise a new movie. Which of the following must both methods of communication use in order to show the advertisements to viewers around the world?

{ "text": [ "systems to locate viewers", "networks to transmit signals", "printing to create the images", "software to search for images" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

MCAS_2004_5_12

In Colonial America, people used ice to help keep foods fresh. They cut the ice from lakes and ponds during the winter and stored the ice in ice houses. They sometimes used hay as an insulator to prevent the ice from melting. If you wanted to build an icehouse today, which of the following would be the best material to...

{ "text": [ "dried leaves", "foam blocks", "plastic wrap", "rock salt" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

NYSEDREGENTS_2014_8_11

A body cell that is undergoing abnormal cell division is most likely

{ "text": [ "producing sex cells", "transporting nutrients", "forming cancerous cells", "developing an infection" ], "label": [ "1", "2", "3", "4" ] }

3

MCAS_2003_5_35

Which of the following traits of a dog is inherited from its parents?

{ "text": [ "the presence of fleas in its fur", "the color of its fur", "the ability to sit up and beg", "the habit of barking to go outside" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

MCAS_2004_9_6

Two workers are using a scaffold. One worker weighs 180 lbs. and the other weighs 200 lbs. Impact effects are assumed to increase the live load of the workers' weight by 25 percent. What is the resultant maximum live load, in pounds, that can be expected from the two workers supported by the scaffold?

{ "text": [ "380 lbs.", "475 lbs.", "625 lbs.", "950 lbs." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

TIMSS_2011_8_pg121

Bacteria that enter the body are destroyed by which type of cells?

{ "text": [ "white blood cells", "red blood cells", "kidney cells", "lung cells" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

AIMS_2008_8_9

Which statement about the genetic traits of humans is true?

{ "text": [ "Recessive forms of genes are always visible in offspring.", "Visible traits are the same for each member of a family.", "Dominant forms of genes are always inherited from both parents.", "Visible traits depend on the dominant and recessive forms of genes from each parent." ], "label":...

D

NYSEDREGENTS_2014_8_2

A major function of a plant's roots is to

{ "text": [ "produce flowers", "release oxygen", "transport carbon dioxide", "take in water" ], "label": [ "1", "2", "3", "4" ] }

4

Mercury_7108413

After rubbing a rubber brush on wool, Gilbert is able to use the brush to pick up small strips of paper. What causes the paper to be attracted to the brush?

{ "text": [ "gravity", "electric current", "static electricity", "magnetism" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

Mercury_7247905

Which of these structures is produced in an ovary?

{ "text": [ "fetus", "sperm", "egg", "embryo" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

Mercury_SC_402159

What should a student do if he gets a red, itchy rash after a class field trip?

{ "text": [ "scratch it", "wait for it to go away", "tell the teacher right away", "tell his best friend after school" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

Mercury_7099015

At the end of the mitotic cell cycle, a cell divides into two cells. What must happen before the cell divides?

{ "text": [ "The number of organelles doubles.", "Chromosomes must be copied.", "Four nuclei must be formed.", "The membrane thickens." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

Mercury_7201915

An increase in tourism and agriculture in the Florida Everglades most likely had which effect?

{ "text": [ "an increase in water pollution", "a decrease in industrialization", "an increase in total biomass", "a decrease in nonnative plants" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

Mercury_7164658

Earth, along with the other planets, revolves around the Sun. The planets revolve in a counterclockwise direction. The cause of the revolution is mostly due to which force?

{ "text": [ "electrical", "frictional", "gravitational", "magnetic" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

Mercury_7141348

Which of these would help determine the changes in a plant species over geologic time?

{ "text": [ "examining the number of plants in a given area", "examining the type of animals that eat the plant", "examining the type of seeds the plant produces", "examining the fossil record of the plant" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

Mercury_7037433

Many animals are still being hunted for their fur. Because of this, many of these animals are in danger of

{ "text": [ "starvation.", "extinction.", "forest fires.", "overpopulation." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

MCAS_2013_8_29420

A cold can of juice is removed from the refrigerator and is placed outdoors on a warm day. After several minutes, moisture appears on the outside of the cold can. Which of the following statements best explains why the moisture appears?

{ "text": [ "The warm air absorbs cold from the can and changes to a liquid.", "Water vapor in the air condenses into a liquid on the cold can.", "The warm air causes heat to flow out of the can and condense in the air.", "Water vapor in the air absorbs heat from the can and changes to a liquid." ],...

B

Mercury_7211978

Students were investigating the relationship between the length and period of a pendulum. They made a pendulum by using string to suspend a 0.5-kg mass from a fixed support. The students changed the length of the string and measured the time it took for the pendulum to complete ten cycles of motion. By dividing each ti...

{ "text": [ "the length of the pendulum", "the period of the pendulum", "the type of string used in making the pendulum", "the amount of mass used in making the pendulum" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

Mercury_7245875

Which example shows a chemical change to food during digestion?

{ "text": [ "teeth chewing food", "enzymes breaking down food", "food moving through the intestines", "food churning in the stomach" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

B

Mercury_7074970

A disease that can be passed from one person to another is best described as being

{ "text": [ "hazardous.", "contaminated.", "infectious.", "toxic." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

Mercury_SC_405526

Which is the best reason for planting a tree away from a sidewalk?

{ "text": [ "The tree would get sunlight.", "The tree would provide shelter for birds.", "The sidewalk might crack as the tree grows.", "The temperature of the sidewalk would drop." ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

Mercury_SC_405302

Which type of precipitation consists of frozen rain drops?

{ "text": [ "sleet", "hail", "snow", "fog" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

Mercury_7190015

Some natural disasters can have a large effect on the global climate. Which type of natural disaster would produce the greatest decrease in solar radiation reaching the surface of Earth for the longest period of time?

{ "text": [ "a giant tsunami", "a strong earthquake", "a powerful hurricane", "a large volcanic eruption" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

NYSEDREGENTS_2014_8_8

Which model can be used to trace genetic inheritance?

{ "text": [ "life cycle", "pedigree chart", "food web", "energy pyramid" ], "label": [ "1", "2", "3", "4" ] }

2

NYSEDREGENTS_2014_4_18

A prairie dog living in a community barks loudly. Other prairie dogs nearby know that danger is near and quickly go underground to hide. Which sense are these prairie dogs using to communicate?

{ "text": [ "hearing", "smelling", "tasting", "touching" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

A

MDSA_2008_5_41

A student is investigating changes in the states of matter. The student fills a graduated cylinder with 50 milliliters of packed snow. The graduated cylinder has a mass of 50 grams when empty and 95 grams when filled with the snow. During which process in the water cycle does snow fall to the ground?

{ "text": [ "classification", "condensation", "evaporation", "precipitation" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

D

MCAS_2009_8_4

Seafloor spreading provides evidence of which of the following Earth processes?

{ "text": [ "erosion of coastlines", "weathering of mountains", "movement of crustal plates", "formation of sedimentary rocks" ], "label": [ "A", "B", "C", "D" ] }

C

NYSEDREGENTS_2014_8_18

Which process in an apple tree primarily results from cell division?

{ "text": [ "growth", "photosynthesis", "gas exchange", "waste removal" ], "label": [ "1", "2", "3", "4" ] }

1