NLKI: A lightweight Natural Language Knowledge Integration Framework for Improving Small VLMs in Commonsense VQA Tasks
Paper • 2508.19724 • Published
hypothesis stringlengths 5 246 | gold_label stringclasses 3
values | explanation stringlengths 9 465 | image imagewidth (px) 180 500 |
|---|---|---|---|
Two old men robbing a convenience store. | contradiction | A lady and her granddaughter cannot also be two men | |
Two humans in a store. | entailment | A lady and a granddaughter are both types of humans. | |
A mother teaching her granddaughter how to run the store she owns. | neutral | Just because the old lady and her granddaughter are working in a store, does not mean she runs or owns the store. | |
The lady and the girl are taking a walk to the library. | contradiction | The lady and girl are surrounded by newspapers so they are already in the library. | |
The old lady is a zombie. | contradiction | If the old woman is a zombie, she would be trying to attack the young girl or she would be walking around, not sitting around looking bored. | |
The mother and daughter are bored. | neutral | Just because the woman and young girl are sitting together does not necessarily mean they are mother and daughter. | |
Two women reading the paper together. | entailment | The women reading newspapers which implies that they are reading the paper together. | |
People with electronics. | entailment | You are with electronics if you are with computers | |
People researching on the Internet. | neutral | People using computers are not always doing research. And they are not always on the Internet. | |
A woman sits at a computer. | entailment | A woman sits at a computer refers to a woman with glasses is sitting in front of her laptop | |
A woman sits at home looking at porn. | contradiction | home and library are different places | |
A man buys food at a store. | contradiction | checking and buying are different kind of activities | |
There is an aligator. | contradiction | It should either be dogs or an aligator. | |
There are some dogs. | entailment | Three dogs almost the same as some dogs. | |
There are some sheepdogs. | neutral | some doesn't mean there are three dogs. Not all the dogs are sheepdogs | |
three dogs are walking | entailment | A group of three dogs and three dogs are the same. | |
the dogs are fat | neutral | Not all dogs are fat. | |
The animals are in the snow. | entailment | Dogs are animals and walking through snow meaning they are in the snow. | |
The animals are sleeping next to a fire. | contradiction | One animals arent yellow. | |
The animals are pulling a sled. | neutral | Animals include not only dogs. Walking and pulling are two different activities. | |
Three dogs are near a red fence. | contradiction | Red is not blue. | |
A group of animals is standing together. | entailment | Dogs are animals and they are standing next to a blue fence implies they are standing together. | |
Two cats play in the snow | contradiction | Two is less than three. | |
Dogs are out in the snow | entailment | Dogs is an unspecified number that can be three doges are next to a fence in the snow implies they are out in the snow. | |
Three dogs watch a rabbit hop around | neutral | Watch is different to be next to the fence. | |
Two motorcycle drivers making a turn simultaneously. | entailment | Motorcyclist is motorcycle drivers and take a turn is making a turn. | |
There is a motorcycle race. | entailment | The two motorcyclist are in a race. | |
The track in the picture is not perfectly flat. | entailment | The inclined track is not perfectly flat. | |
Two people on bikes are driving on a track. | entailment | The two people on bike are motorcyclist racing. | |
The cat runs away from the dog on a motorcycle. | contradiction | A cat and a dog aren't usually motorcyclists. Can't be racing and running away at the same time. | |
Cars are racing around a track. | contradiction | Motorcyclist are usually riding motorcycles not cars. | |
Two motorcyclist racing in MotoGP | neutral | Not all inclined tracks are MotoGP tracks. | |
Motorcyclist wearing his gloves before race | contradiction | Usually people wear glove while they race, not before or after. | |
Two motorcyclists are wearing helmets. | neutral | Motorcyclists do not need to physically wear helmets in order to race. | |
Two motorcyclists are outside. | entailment | The inclined track is outside. | |
Two women are racing their motorcycles. | neutral | Not all motorcycle racers are women. Not all motorcycle racers race their motorcycles. Motorcyclists can race other vehicles besides motorcycles. | |
The only vehicle that anyone who is visible has ever driven is a car or SUV. | contradiction | There should be visible motorcycles but there is only car and SUV. Have to be either be driving car or motorcycles, one or the other, not both at same time. | |
There is some risk that somebody could be at least a little injured. | neutral | If you don't understand the nature of racing and do not know what an inclined track is, you would not know that there is a risk of injury. Racing is a dangerous sport, therefore common sense tells us the risk of injury is ever present. | |
The drivers are going at high speeds | neutral | The motorcycle drivers may not be racing around a bend thus not going at high speeds. | |
The drivers are racing | entailment | The drivers racing are motorcycle drivers. | |
THe drivers are sleeping | contradiction | The drivers can't be sleeping and racing at the same time. | |
Motorcyclists are in a close race around a corner. | entailment | Neck and neck refers to a close race. | |
The motorcyclists are indoors. | contradiction | Motorcyclists usually race outside not inside. The word 'Motorcyclists' seems like it refers to more that two people. | |
Motorcyclists are stopped at a stop sign. | contradiction | Motorcyclist can't be stopped at the same time they are racing. | |
The motorcyclists are rivals. | neutral | Not all motorcyclists who race neck and neck around a corner are rivals. | |
Two motorcyclists race. | entailment | The two motorcyclists can only be racing neck and neck. | |
The motorcyclists are moving fast. | entailment | The two motorcyclists racing neck and neck are moving fast. | |
Two motorcyclists race to see who's motorcycle is faster. | neutral | we didn't know why they were racing to see whos bike could go faster. | |
Two motorcycles drive themselves around a corner. | contradiction | The motorcycles drive themselves rather than being operated by motorcyclists. | |
Motorcyclists dressed in different uniforms race around a corner in a stadium. | neutral | We didn't know they were dressed in uniforms or that they were in a stadium. | |
The motorcyclists are riding dirt bikes. | neutral | We didn't know they were riding dirt bikes. | |
The two motorcyclists are racing each other. | entailment | The two motorcyclists racing each other are neck and neck. | |
The motorcyclists didn't finish the race. | contradiction | One set of motorcyclists is done racing since they didn't finish while the others are still racing neck and neck. | |
Two people are competing. | entailment | Motor cycle racers are the people competing. | |
The two racers are riding road bikes. | neutral | Two bikers on road doesn't mean they're racing. | |
The two males are different ages. | entailment | The words "man" and "boy" are descriptors for males of two different ages. | |
He is scuba diving. | contradiction | A screen door would not be underwater and you must be underwater to scuba dive. | |
A grandchild helps his grandfather fix a door. | neutral | We don't know if they are grandchild and grandfather or just friends. | |
A woman helps an old man fix a door. | contradiction | Woman and child are different. | |
The man and boy are at the game waiting for a foul ball. | contradiction | Two people working on a door means that they are not at a game waiting. | |
He is installing a door. | neutral | You can't infer they are installing a door | |
A boy is drinking screw drivers at the bar with his father. | contradiction | Using screwdrivers is an action with tools and is not drinking screw drivers, which is alcohol. | |
A boy is helping fix a door. | entailment | Tools a boy can use to fix a door can include a screwdrivers. | |
A boy is learning how to use a screw driver. | neutral | Just because he is young doesn't mean he is learning. | |
A father is showing his son how to fix the front door frame. | neutral | It's possible that the father could be showing his son how to fix a door other than the front door. | |
A village celebrates a holiday in the street. | entailment | A village implies that there are villagers both celebrating. | |
The villagers are wearing pajamas. | contradiction | Pajamas are not the same thing as festive clothing. | |
The villagers are celebrating Christmas. | neutral | A holiday does not imply Christmas. | |
People sit around at the DMV. | contradiction | No one celebrates a festival while they sit around at the DMV. | |
The people are celebrating Chinese New Year. | neutral | A group of people dressed brightly at a festival does not indicate that they are celebrating Chinese New Year. | |
The even is outdoors. | entailment | A festival is a type of event. Outside and outdoors have the same meaning. | |
The even is indoors. | contradiction | If something occurs outside, it is not indoors. | |
The event is celebrating a saint. | neutral | A festival occurring does not imply that the festival is celebrating a saint. | |
The little dog is running after a ball that was thrown in the water. | neutral | Not all dogs are little. Dogs don't only chase into water for a ball. | |
The dog is going to get wet. | entailment | A dog running into a river is a dog going to get wet the river and wet is what makes him what is the river | |
The dog is elderly and lame and can no longer run. | contradiction | An elderly, lame dog cannot run into a river and play like a youthful dog. | |
There is a white dog jumping into the water. | entailment | Both subjects are jumping | |
The dog needed to cool down in the water. | neutral | The dog jumping into the water does not imply he needed to cool down. | |
The dog cannot swim. | contradiction | The dog is either jumping into the water, or cannot swim. | |
A white dog refuses to go near the water. | contradiction | The white dog wouldn't run into a lake if he refuses to go near water. | |
A dog is getting wet. | entailment | into a lake implies wet | |
The person watching the shore. | contradiction | a jack russell terrier is not a person | |
There is person in the stream. | entailment | A Jack Russell Terrier is associated with a person in the stream. | |
The dog is chasing a squirrel and fell into the water. | neutral | Because a dog jumps doesn't mean his chasing a squirrel. | |
The dog jumped over the small river and landed on the other side of the path. | contradiction | The dog either jumps into the river or over it. | |
The dog is cooling himself off in the water. | entailment | into the water results that cooling | |
An old woman sits outside her home with her new cane. | neutral | just because an old woman sits outside with a cane that doesn't mean it is her home | |
An old woman jumps on a trampoline. | contradiction | The elderly woman can't sit outside at the same time as she jumps on a trampoline. | |
An old woman sits outside with a cane. | entailment | An elderly woman is a type of old woman and cane in her lap implies she has a cane. | |
An old chinese woman is sitting in the park with her cane. | neutral | The woman does not need to be in the park to sit with her cane. She could sit other places. | |
An elderly chinese person is sitting. | entailment | Both subjects are sitting | |
a young chinese woman is walking. | contradiction | One can't be both old and young or sitting and walking at the same time. | |
there is a man sitting in a chair. | contradiction | A woman cannot be a man. | |
there is a women positioned on a barrel. | entailment | Both subjects are on a barrel | |
The woman has a cane is on a stone statue. | entailment | If someone is on a stone pillar its like they are on a stone statue | |
The old woman is on a pillar in front of a huge tree. | contradiction | She is either in front of a tree or a stone monument. | |
A woman is eating in Restaurant. | contradiction | The woman would not be eating in Restaurant while she sits on a stone post. | |
The man is napping. | contradiction | Walking and napping can't be performed at the same time. | |
The man has a good sense of humor. | neutral | Just because of his shirt doesn't mean he has a good sense of humor. Could be that is just what was clean off his floor. | |
The man is going to push his cart into the yellow taxi. | neutral | Pushing it next to and into a taxi are two different things. His intentions don't indicate malicious intent. |
End of preview. Expand in Data Studio
This is the official ESNLI-VE dataset with all the train, test, val splits. And I dont own the copyright of the work. All copyright of this dataset belongs to the original author of the work. Uploaded here so that community members can easily access this dataset and evaluate the models.
Original Paper link: https://arxiv.org/abs/1812.01193
We have also used this dataset in one of our work, published in EMNLP 2025, you can refer to it below:
Paper Link: https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.19724
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