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Author Contributions
Conceptualization, A.J.D., J.C.A., I.R. and M.B.; methodology, M.A.R., J.D., F.J.O., C.C.-R. and M.R.-R.M.; software, M.J.B., N.G.-G., E.S.-S. and C.C.-R.; validation A.J.D., J.C.A. and I.R.; formal analysis, M.J.B., N.G.-G. and E.S.-S.; resources, A.J.D., J.C.A., I.R. and J.D.; data curation, M.J.B., N.G.-G., M.B., J....
PMC10648681
Institutional Review Board Statement
The study was conducted according to the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki (2013), and approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee of Cádiz (protocol code 0159-N-20 02-25-2020).
PMC10648681
Informed Consent Statement
Informed consent was obtained from all patients involved in the study.
PMC10648681
Data Availability Statement
The data are collected in a database prepared by the research team.
PMC10648681
Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
PMC10648681
References
fatigue, chronic illness, muscle damage, psoriatic, psoriasis
CHRONIC ILLNESS, PSORIASIS
Baseline characteristics of psoriatic patients in the intervention and control groups.Note: Results were expressed as mean (SD). PASI: psoriasis area severity index score BMI: body mass index expressed as kg/mSerum lipid profile, glycemia, and markers of muscle damage at baseline (pre intervention) and at the end of th...
PMC10648681
ABSTRACT
PMC10487390
Introduction
BRAIN METASTASES, METASTATIC BREAST CANCER
Around 25% of metastatic breast cancer (mBC) patients develop brain metastases, which vastly affects their overall survival and quality of life. According to the current clinical guidelines, regular magnetic resonance imaging screening is not recommended unless patients have recognized central nervous system–related sy...
PMC10487390
Patient Presentation
cancer, fatigue
BRAIN METASTASES, CANCER
The patient participated in the EFFECT study, a randomized controlled trial aimed to assess the effects of a 9-month structured, individualized and supervised exercise intervention on quality of life, fatigue and other cancer and treatment-related side effects in patients with mBC. She attended the training sessions re...
PMC10487390
Conclusion and clinical implications
cancer
BRAIN METASTASES, CANCER
The brain metastases of this patient were detected earlier due to the recognition of subtle symptoms detected by her exercise trainer and the trust and rapid action by the clinician. The implementation of physical exercise programs for cancer patients requires well-trained professionals who know how to recognize possib...
PMC10487390
Key Words
seizures, breast cancer, vomiting, nausea,, headache
ONCOLOGY, BRAIN METASTASES, METASTATIC BREAST CANCER, BREAST CANCER
The incidence of brain metastases (BM) from breast cancer has increased in recent decades due to improved survival rates for metastatic breast cancer (mBC) and advances in neuroimaging leading to earlier detection (According to the American Society of Clinical Oncology and the European Society for Medical Oncology, reg...
PMC10487390
CASE REPORT
cancer, comorbidity, infratentorial lesion, primary breast cancer
BRAIN METASTASIS, HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA, CANCER, DISEASE, ONCOLOGY
A 75-yr-old woman with a diagnosis of mBC (ER+, PR-, HER2-; Ki-67 10%) participated in the EFFECT study (The woman was diagnosed with primary breast cancer in 2014, which had disseminated to the liver in 2016, to the bone in 2017 and to lymph nodes and the kidney in 2020. She had undergone chemotherapy, radiotherapy to...
PMC10487390
DISCUSSION
cancer, nausea, seizures
CANCER, RARE HEADACHE
This is a case report of a patient with mBC whose BM were detected early as a result of her participation in a supervised exercise program. For this to happen, three aspects were crucial: (i) the close monitoring of the patient by an experienced exercise trainer, (ii) the established communication pathways between the ...
PMC10487390
PRIMARY TAKE AWAY LESSONS OF THIS CASE REPORT
gait disturbance, forceful
ONCOLOGY, DISEASE PROGRESSION
Close monitoring performed by qualified exercise trainers during supervised exercise sessions can lead to the detection of subtle but significant signs of disease progression that may not be recognized yet by clinicians, patients or their family. Early detection of disease progression can make a significant difference ...
PMC10487390
REFERENCES
PMC10487390
Introduction
The learning curve in minimally invasive surgery (MIS) is steep compared to open surgery. One of the reasons is that training in the operating room in MIS is mainly limited to verbal instructions. The iSurgeon telestration device with augmented reality (AR) enables visual instructions, guidance, and feedback during MIS...
PMC10520207
Methods
COMPLICATIONS
Forty medical students were randomized into the iSurgeon and the control group. The iSurgeon group performed 10 LCs receiving interactive visual guidance. The control group performed 10 LCs receiving conventional verbal guidance. The performance assessment using Objective Structured Assessments of Technical Skills (OSA...
PMC10520207
Results
The iSurgeon group performed LCs significantly better (global GOALS 17.3 ± 2.6 vs. 16 ± 2.6,
PMC10520207
Conclusion
COMPLICATION
Visual guidance using the telestration device with AR, iSurgeon, improves performance and lowers the complication rates in LCs in novices compared to conventional verbal expert guidance.
PMC10520207
Supplementary Information
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00464-023-10360-y.
PMC10520207
Keywords
STERILITY
Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL.Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) has brought significant benefits to patients undergoing surgical treatment [On the contrary to open surgery, the MIS learning curve is often hindered by the fact that instructions can only be given verbally due to distance, ergon...
PMC10520207
Materials and methods
PMC10520207
Study design and participants
hand gestures
This study was designed as a randomized, controlled two-arm study. The total sample size was 40 trainees. The study was performed as a part of the complementary MIS training curriculum for medical students (trainees) in their clinical years (3rd to 6th year) at Heidelberg University Medical School, Germany. The trainin...
PMC10520207
Materials
fenestrated gall bladder
COMPLICATIONS
The study was performed on a Szabo–Berci–Sackier Box Trainer and a standard laparoscopy tower (KARL STORZ GmbH & Co. KG, Tuttlingen, Germany). A study-specific task station was specifically constructed for this study. The iSurgeon was developed at the Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery at Heid...
PMC10520207
The iSurgeon
The iSurgeon is a collaborative telestration device with AR that enables interactive visual guidance during MIS procedures. With a specifically designed camera, the iSurgeon captures the tutor’s hand above the surgical field and projecting it on the operating screen. It allows tutors to draw, annotate, and provide the ...
PMC10520207
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy on an ex vivo porcine liver
fibrous, bile duct injury, Fibrous, luxation
After inserting the instruments and identifying critical anatomical structures, the gallbladder's neck was grasped with consequent luxation and identification of Calot's triangle (trigonum cholecystohepaticum) [The next step was the preparation of Calot's triangle blunt or with diathermy. Fibrous tissue strands could b...
PMC10520207
Outcome parameters
injury of the gallbladder, gallbladder perforation
LIVER DAMAGE, COMPLICATION, COMPLICATIONS, COMPLICATIONS
The primary outcome of the study was performance scores assessed using standardized Objective Structured Assessments of Technical Skills (OSATS) (task-specific and global) and Global Operative Assessment of Laparoscopic Skills (GOALS) (task-specific and global) scores for all LCs performed. Global and task-specific OSA...
PMC10520207
Statistical analysis
REGRESSION
Statistical analysis and descriptive statistics were performed using the SPSS software (version 25.0, IBM SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois, USA), and data are given as absolute frequency and mean ± standard deviation. Differences between the LC were assessed using the t-test for independent samples in parametric data and t...
PMC10520207
Secondary endpoints
major damage
SECONDARY
The secondary endpoints are presented in Table On the left: CVS achievement compared between the two groups. On the right: comparison of the LC’s successful completion within the 90 min time limit and without major damage to crucial anatomical structures
PMC10520207
Discussion
INTRAOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS, COMPLICATION, COMPLICATIONS
Efficient training is still a challenge in the field of MIS. Several studies showed that telestration with AR showed great potential for improving surgical performance at the beginning of MIS training [There are several telestration devices with AR that have been developed to assist with surgical training and performan...
PMC10520207
Limitations
STERILE
Due to the nature of the study and the spatial and temporal conditions, trainees from the iSurgeon and control group occasionally worked together in the same room. Thus, the flow of information between the two groups could have been a potential bias in both directions and within the two groups. Furthermore, since the t...
PMC10520207
Conclusion
verbal and visual guidance completed more LCs
COMPLICATIONS
MIS training with the iSurgeon telestration system with AR showed better task-specific and overall MIS performance for the first ten repeated ex vivo LCs. Trainees with verbal and visual guidance completed more LCs within the time limit and performed fewer complications despite higher difficulty levels of the LCs compa...
PMC10520207
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank the medical students at the University Heidelberg for showing remarkable interest and motivation to participate and contribute to this study.
PMC10520207
Funding
Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL. No funding to disclose.
PMC10520207
Declarations
PMC10520207
Disclosures
P.
Amila Cizmic, Felix Müller, Philipp Anthony Wise, Frida Häberle, Felix Gabel, Karl-Friedrich Kowalewski, Vasile Bintintan, Beat P. Müller-Stich, and Felix Nickel have no conflicts of interest or financial ties to disclose.
PMC10520207
References
PMC10520207
Objective
maltreatment, anhedonia
Childhood maltreatment is a potent enviromarker of risk for poor response to antidepressant medication (ADM). However, childhood maltreatment is a heterogeneous construct that includes distinct exposures that have distinct neurobiological and psychological correlates. The purpose of the current study is to examine the ...
PMC10411366
Methods
depression
In a multicentre clinical trial of major depression, 164 individuals were assessed for childhood emotional, physical, and sexual maltreatment with a contextual interview with independent, standardized ratings. All individuals received 8 weeks of escitalopram, with nonresponders subsequently also receiving augmentation ...
PMC10411366
Results
REMISSION
Greater severity of emotional maltreatment perpetrated by the mother was a significant and direct predictor of lower odds of week 16 remission (odds ratio [OR] = 1.68,
PMC10411366
Conclusions
anhedonia
We identify emotional maltreatment as a specific early exposure that places patients at the greatest risk for nonremission following pharmacological treatment. Further, we suggest that anhedonia is a key symptom domain driving nonremission in patients with particular maltreatment histories.
PMC10411366
Résumé
PMC10411366
Objectif
Les mauvais traitements dans l’enfance sont un puissant marqueur environnemental du risque d’une mauvaise réponse aux médicaments antidépresseurs (MAD). Toutefois, les mauvais traitements dans l’enfance sont une construction hétérogène qui inclut des expositions distinctes ayant des corrélats neurobiologiques et psycho...
PMC10411366
Méthodes
Dans un essai clinique multicentrique de la dépression majeure, 164 personnes ont été évaluées relativement aux mauvais traitements émotionnels, physiques et sexuels dans l’enfance et ont répondu à une entrevue contextuelle avec des notations indépendantes, standardisées. Toutes les personnes ont reçu 8 semaines d’esci...
PMC10411366
Résultats
Les mauvais traitements émotionnels plus graves perpétrés par la mère étaient un prédicteur significatif et direct de probabilités plus faibles d’une rémission à 16 semaines (RC = 1,68,
PMC10411366
Conclusions
Nous identifions les mauvais traitements émotionnels comme étant une exposition précoce spécifique qui place les patients à risque accru de non-rémission par suite d’un traitement pharmacologique. En outre, nous suggérons que l’anhédonie est un domaine de symptômes principal entraînant la non-rémission chez les patient...
PMC10411366
Introduction
maltreatment, anhedonia, sexual abuse, ARI, depressive disorder, MDD, depression, Depression, disability
REMISSION, SYNDROME
Major depressive disorder (MDD) affects close to 300 million people globally and is the leading worldwide cause of disability.Childhood maltreatment, including a history of emotional, physical, and/or sexual abuse, represents a particularly promising marker. Childhood maltreatment is the strongest developmental risk fa...
PMC10411366
Methods
PMC10411366
Participants
MDD, DSM-IV-TR, anhedonia
SECONDARY, DISORDERS
The current study involved a secondary analysis of 164 outpatients in a current episode of MDD who completed assessments of childhood maltreatment and anhedonia during the 6-site CAN-BIND-1 trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01655706).Inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) 18–60 years old, (2) Diagnostic and Sta...
PMC10411366
Data Analysis
ARI, anhedonia
REGRESSION, REMISSION
SPSS statistical software version 26.0 was used for all analyses. Preliminary univariate analyses identified potential demographic or clinical covariates to include in our final models. Our first research question (maltreatment predicts remission status) was tested with a logistic regression model. The dependent variab...
PMC10411366
Childhood Maltreatment and Week 8 Response
ARI
REGRESSION
A multivariate logistic regression model predicting need for ARI augmentation at week 8 (i.e., week 8 response) from severity of emotional, physical, and sexual maltreatment, entered as a block, was not significant, χ
PMC10411366
Childhood Maltreatment, Week 8 Anhedonia, and Week 16 Remission
anhedonia
REMISSION
However, lower scores on the week 8 DARS residual (i.e., less change from baseline, and thus, greater severity of week 8 anhedonia) were significantly correlated with greater severity of emotional maltreatment, Greater severity of (a) emotional maltreatment and (b) physical maltreatment predicted less change in anhedon...
PMC10411366
Discussion
anhedonia, ARI, treatment-refractory, MDD, depression, depressive recall
EVENTS, MALTREATMENT, REMISSION
In a large multicentre trial that included rigorous contextual assessment of childhood maltreatment history, we found that greater severity of mother-perpetrated emotional maltreatment directly predicted lower odds of remission following 16 weeks of treatment with ESC or ESC + ARI. Further, emotional maltreatment perpe...
PMC10411366
References
PMC10411366
Objectives
T2DM, Diabetes
TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS, DIABETES
Edited by: Yan Shu, University of Maryland, United StatesReviewed by: Haoyan Chen, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China; Jian Zhou, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China; Yuqian Bao, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China†These authors have contributed equally to this workThis article was submitted to Systems Endocrinolog...
PMC9982119
Methods
T2DM
77 patients with IGT in the PPDP trial were randomized to either probiotic or placebo. After the completion of the trial, 39 non-T2DM patients were invited to follow up glucose metabolism after the next 4 years. The incidence of T2DM in each group was assessed using Kaplan-Meier analysis. The 16S rDNA sequencing techno...
PMC9982119
Results
T2DM
The cumulative incidence of T2DM was 59.1% with probiotic treatment versus 54.5% with placebo within 6 years, there was no significant difference in the risk of developing T2DM between the two groups (
PMC9982119
Conclusions
T2DM
Supplemental probiotic therapy does not reduce the risk of IGT conversion to T2DM.
PMC9982119
Clinical Trial Registration
PMC9982119
Introduction
T2DM, prediabetes
IMPAIRED GLUCOSE TOLERANCE, TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS, PREDIABETES
Compared with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), people with prediabetes, especially impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), have a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Early intervention can significantly reduce the probability of developing T2DM in the IGT population (After the PPDP trial was completed, ...
PMC9982119
Research design and methods
PMC9982119
PPDP study
T2DM
SECONDARY
The design and primary results of the PPDP study have been reported previously (Feces of the two groups before and after intervention were collected. The 16S rDNA sequencing technology was used to analyze intestinal microbiota’s structural composition and abundance changes. The primary outcome was the cumulative preval...
PMC9982119
PPDP follow-on study
T2DM, blood tumor
After the completion of the initial PPDP study, patients who with undiagnosed T2DM continue to be invited to participate in the PPDP Follow-On study without probiotics intervention. A total of 39 non-T2DM patients agreed to follow up glucose metabolism for next 4 years. Patients were asked to monitor fasting and postpr...
PMC9982119
16S rRNA gene sequencing and analysis
Fresh fecal samples were collected and bacteria’s 16S rRNA gene sequence was detected using paired-end configuration on an Illumina MiSeq system (Illumina, San Diego, USA). Briefly, microbial DNA was extracted and DNA quality was examined by agarose gel electrophoresis. The V3-V4 regions of the bacteria’s 16S rRNA gene...
PMC9982119
Statistical analyses
Statistical analyses were performed by SPSS version 23.0 (IBM Corp, Armonk, NY, USA) and GraphPad Prism version 8.0 (San Diego, California, USA). Continuous data were described as means ± standard deviation, and inter-group comparison was performed with a t-test or analysis of variance. All continuous data were abnorma...
PMC9982119
Results
PMC9982119
Baseline characteristics
T2DM
INSULIN RESISTANCE
The baseline characteristics of the Probiotics group and Placebo group in the PPDP study have been presented in the previous article (9). Specifically, there were no significant differences in sex composition, age, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, heart rate, liver function, blood lipid profile, FPG, post-glucose...
PMC9982119
Comparison of the incidence of T2DM
T2DM
In the next 4 years, there were 6 patients in the Probiotics group and 5 patients in the Placebo group who developed T2DM. Thus, the cumulative incidence of T2DM was 59.1% in the probiotic group and 54.5% in the placebo group within 6 years. As shown in Kaplan-Meier analysis of the cumulative incidence of T2DM within 6...
PMC9982119
COX regression analysis of risk factors for T2DM
T2DM
REGRESSION
COX regression model was used to analyze the risk factors affecting the development of T2DM. Probiotic intervention or not, age, gender, BMI, waist circumference, blood pressure, liver function, blood lipid, blood glucose, serum insulin and HbA1c were used as covariates, and results showed that 30-minute post-glucose l...
PMC9982119
Gut microbiota analysis
T2DM
According to the informed consent and research protocol, fecal samples were collected at baseline (day 0) and the end of the 2-year follow-up visit. The 16S rDNA sequencing technology was used to analyze gut microbiota’s structural composition and abundance changes. A total of 32 stool samples in the Probiotic group an...
PMC9982119
Discussion
obesity, gestational diabetes, metabolic diseases, metabolic disease, T2DM, diabetes
METABOLIC DISEASES, OBESITY, GESTATIONAL DIABETES, DIABETES
IGT is closely associated with metabolic disease progression. According to the epidemiological data, about 70% of IGT patients progress to DM within 5 years in China (The treatment of metabolic diseases with probiotics is a hot topic in intestinal microbiota research. However, there are fewer studies on probiotics for ...
PMC9982119
Conclusions
Lactobacillus acidophilus
Nevertheless, the results of this study suggest that supplementation with active probiotics of Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Enterococcus faecalis is safe, although it does not reduce the risk of IGT conversion to DM. More clinical and laboratory studies using large samples and long-term observation ar...
PMC9982119
Data availability statement
The datasets presented in this study can be found in online repositories. The names of the repository/repositories and accession number(s) can be found below: NCBI BioProject [
PMC9982119
Ethics statement
The studies involving human participants were reviewed and approved by the institutional review board of Shanghai East Hospital and was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The patients/participants provided their written informed consent to participate in this study.
PMC9982119
Author contributions
BF designed the study and oversaw the project implementation. QY conceived and carried out experiments. WH and YT participated in data analyses, interpretation and writing publications. XUL, YY and XIL participated in data collection, data analyses and interpretation and writing publications. All authors were involved ...
PMC9982119
Acknowledgments
We were grateful to the participants and nurses in the Department of endocrinology of Shanghai East hospital for participating in this study.
PMC9982119
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
PMC9982119
Publisher’s note
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article, or claim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed or ...
PMC9982119
Supplementary material
The Supplementary Material for this article can be found online at: Click here for additional data file.
PMC9982119
References
PMC9982119
Subject terms
coronavirus disease 2019
SECONDARY, CORONAVIRUS DISEASE 2019
Large clinical trials often generate complex and large datasets which need to be presented frequently throughout the trial for interim analysis or to inform a data safety monitory board (DSMB). In addition, reliable and traceability are required to ensure reproducibility in pharmacometric data analysis. A reproducible ...
PMC10539503
Introduction
coronavirus disease 2019
CORONAVIRUS, CORONAVIRUS DISEASE 2019, SEVERE ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME
Clinical trial datasets are becoming larger and increasingly complex with innovative advances in biomarker including genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic measurements, mobile or wearable patient surveillance, and the use of real-world dataPharmacometricians are experts in data review, processing, and ana...
PMC10539503
Methods
PMC10539503
Workflow structure
The reproducible pharmacometric workflow was designed in consensus between the pharmacometricians, clinicians, and data managers within the project, and is shown in Fig. Overview of the pharmacometric reproducibility workflow. Clinical operations were the initial start of the workflow, but because of its circularity, a...
PMC10539503
Clinical trial data
ADVERSE EVENTS, INJECTION SITE REACTION, EVENTS, RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTION (RTI)
The clinical trial data was captured in four master databases namely Screening/enrolment, Events, Lab results, and Follow-up, which consisted of 59 datasets in total. The Screening/enrolment database contained the participant demographics, medical and social history, and trial specific information such as inclusion/exc...
PMC10539503
Data review
The clinical team’s QC ensured all data entries to the eCRF platform corresponded to the paper source documentation. The data management’s QC subsequently checked the eCRF platform data on MedDRA coding, duplicates, incomplete or non-QC-ed records, etc. Once data had passed the clinical and data management QCs successf...
PMC10539503
Reporting
Frequent reporting on the progress of the trial was critical to identify early evidence of efficacy, if present. To that aim, the reports contained graphical and tabular exploration of the data without formal interim statistical testing. To limit the time between data transfer and distributing data reports, the pharmac...
PMC10539503
Pharmacometric analysis preparation
The pharmacometric processing script was also utilized for the pharmacometric analysis preparation. The integrated database that was input for the tables and graphs in the report, was transformed into the pharmacometric analysis datasets in NONMEM v.7.4.3
PMC10539503
Results
PMC10539503
Transfer of clinical trial data
Instead of the conventional approach of receiving data for pharmacometric analysis after the trial completion, an iterative data transfer and reproducible data handling workflow was developed by consensus between the clinical, data management, and pharmacometric teams who collaborated in this clinical trial. Data QC an...
PMC10539503
Understanding and confidence in handling through data review
COVID-19 respiratory tract infections, viral syndrome
SARS-COV-2 INFECTION, ASYMPTOMATIC SARS-COV-2 INFECTION, COVID-19 PNEUMONIA, DISEASE, EVENT, COVID-19 INFECTION, POST VIRAL SYNDROME, EVENTS, VIRAL SYNDROME, EVENTS, POST VIRAL SYNDROME
The frequent interim data QC by the clinical, data management, and pharmacometric teams was a time-saving investment. All records were subject to check after entry into the eCRF, and the clinical QC and data management combined found in 20.9% of the records that a correction was needed when the eCRF was compared to the...
PMC10539503
Interoperability
Interoperability between members of the pharmacometric team was essential to divide the work with the short timelines. The pharmacometric processing script was stored in a private Github repository where multiple coders could work simultaneously. Through Github, changes to parts of the script by team members could be r...
PMC10539503
Automatically compiled and consistent data reports
The pharmacometric team prepared the data reports for the DSMB to review the safety and efficacy of the ongoing trial. Because of the time-sensitive nature of the vaccination trial, initially biweekly reporting was proposed, which was later amended to a lower frequency by request of the DSMB and the clinical team becau...
PMC10539503
Pharmacometric analysis preparation
RTI, SECONDARY
The pharmacometric processing script was also developed to include the pharmacometric analysis dataset creation. This resulted in a transparent, traceable, and version-controlled workflow from the raw eCRF input data to the analysis dataset in NONMEM format. Moreover, because the same script and integrated database was...
PMC10539503
Discussion
SECONDARY
A reproducible pharmacometric workflow was developed here to review data iteratively during a clinical trial, report the trial data frequently to the DSMB, and prepare for the pharmacometric analyses of the primary and secondary endpoints upon trial completion to answer time-sensitive questions. Early collaboration bet...
PMC10539503
Conclusion
The reproducible pharmacometric workflow we developed resulted in fast, efficient, and reliable analyses in a large clinical trial during the COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa. The constructive collaboration between clinical, data management, and pharmacometric teams enabled this efficient and robust pharmacometric dat...
PMC10539503
Supplementary Information
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1038/s41598-023-43412-3.
PMC10539503
Acknowledgements
The authors gratefully acknowledge all members of the clinical and data management teams for their hard work under short timelines and for the constructive discussions. This project was part of the EDCTP2 programme supported by the European Union (grant number RIA2020EF-2968-Re-BCG-CoV-19). The computations were enable...
PMC10539503
Author contributions
All authors conceptualized the work and designed the workflow. All authors wrote the manuscript and approved the final version.
PMC10539503
Funding
Open access funding provided by Uppsala University.
PMC10539503