q_id stringlengths 6 6 | title stringlengths 4 294 | selftext stringlengths 0 2.48k | category stringclasses 1
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5n0wyv | How do game developers make different levels of difficulty in their games? | I love to play checkers on my phone, and the beginner and easy levels practically give you the game, it's impossible to lose. The expert and master levels, however, are impossible to win, and games are over in 5-10 moves. I normally play medium or hard levels where I stand a chance to win, but I still have to work for ... | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
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"There are a lot of different ways this can be done, and I could go into great detail about many algorithms (such as [A*]( URL_0 )), but in order to keep this simple, let's compare it to two human players in a game of chess. Player A barely knows how to mo... | [
"url"
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5n1nsc | Why are professional video cameras so much larger than professional photography cameras? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
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"dc84ox7"
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"text": [
"I think the question you're trying to ask is why professional movie cameras are much larger compared to a professional still camera (for example a DSLR)? A few factors: - Image sensor/film size. A larger sensor or film format will require a larger unit and a larger set ... | [
"url"
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5n3q2q | How IT department turns on your PC even if it shutdown (without anyone physically pressing the on button) | Is this possible | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
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"dc8gaf6",
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"text": [
"They are most likely using [Wake on LAN]( URL_0 ). > Wake-on-LAN (\"WOL\") is implemented using a specially designed packet called a magic packet, which is sent to all computers in a network, among them the computer to be woken up. The magic packet contai... | [
"url"
] | [
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5n3r2y | How do video game hacks work? | How are cheating tools such as aimbots or wall hacks in shooters made? Do they exploit faults in the games, or are they impossible to prevent? I've heard about people taking time to develop cheats for games, and I've seen aimbots and similar tools used, but I've never known the technical aspects of how they work. | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
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"text": [
"Basically, anything that is installed on your pc can be read, written or be modified. So they aren't exploiting weaknesses in the game code, rather, its impossible to prevent someone with admin rights from altering the game if they desire. (It can however, be made very ... | [
"url"
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5n5aj4 | Why is it that computers get slower as time goes on, even when you factory reset it? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
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"text": [
"Computers don't get slower. Software just gets more and more demanding, since it's always designed for newer computers. And even if you factory reset the computer, you're going to be getting newe... | [
"url"
] | [
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5n67qf | Digitally signing message. | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
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"dc979ck"
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"text": [
"Public Key Cryptography in a nutshell: You have two keys: a public key (that you can give out to anybody) and a private key (that — you guessed it — you keep private). Both of those keys can be used to either encrypt or decrypt messages. If you encrypt with one key, you... | [
"url"
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"url"
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5n74fw | Why are hackers focusing on the DNC rather than other organizations like the RNC? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
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"text": [
"The FBI and other intelligence groups, as well as the RNC, believe their accounts were compromised by the same actors. The obvious implication is that the hackers have an interest in publicly releasing information from the Democratic party and not any fro... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
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5n7lxj | how do the new robot prosthetic limbs work? | this one has a few parts to it, what makes them be able to move around like fleshy limbs? I always thought it was kind of like a pulley system surgically installed but no fingers moved but now there's all sorts going on. how are they tested, can they move without being connected to someone or do they have people on sta... | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
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"dc9eypb"
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"There are a lot of different ways that a prosthetic limb can be made to move, can you supply a more specific example of the kind you have in mind. Most systems will attach something above the elbow and actuate when the elbow is moved, meaning the whole firearm has to be... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
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5n8mtc | The difference between Java, Javascript, and JSON | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
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"text": [
"Java is a four star hotel. It has most everything you need and there are expectations on your behavior. JavaScript is the motel 6. It's quick and dirty, but it will do the job and you can do whatever. JSON is not going to let you spend the ... | [
"url"
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5n8xgh | Why can't my front windshield have those defroster lines my rear window has that defrost the rear window really quickly? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
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"d... | [
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5n90ia | How does a mechanical keyboard improve typing speed? | I'm already a pretty swift typer, but my dad is a notoriously slow typer. I let him take a look at my clickity-clackity mechanical keyboard, and he was able to type at a much rate than normal (he still typed with one finger on each hand regardless, but quicker than usual). Is it the difference in tactile and sound feed... | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
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"dc9lj7h"
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"text": [
"Tactile feedback is improved, resulting in less missed keys, AND key actuation rate (the speed at which the keys move up and down) is greatly improved, resulting in a more fluid key movement, which can contribute quite a bit to speed."
],
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5n9ehk | Have Any Technologies Peaked? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
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"text": [
"Firearms. We can keep making them to tighter tolerances by shaving off thousandths of inches here and there, but the fact is the designs are pretty much perfected. You can't do much to alter the basic physics involved in feeding bullets int... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
5n9o1r | When a phone dies how does it still have enough power to tell me it is dead? | When a phone dies, how/where does it get the power to show the screen of the dead battery? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"dc9rjik",
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"text": [
"Because you phone isn't completely dead yet. It \"shuts down\" when it has a small about of power left and uses that remaining power to display the low power message and keep your data open.",
"Lithium-ion batteries are never intentionally drained to ... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
5na3es | How do search engines know how long someone spends on your site? | I'm learning SEO and I was told to focus on getting traffic so people visit my site, and making the site great so people stay on it. And when search engines see that users stay on my site then they (SE's) will send me traffic. But how do search engines track how many people come to my site and how long they stay? How d... | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"dc9vi4k"
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"text": [
"They know when someone clicks a link on the search engine, and they know if someone goes back to the search results after visiting. If people open your site and don't go back, or take a while before they go back, it means they probably liked your site. If they go back t... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
5na9sv | Google Translate's forming its own language | I have read a few articles about this but I'm still very confused. I am not sure if this is something that is able to be explained simply, but it would be great if someone could try!! | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"dc9ztde"
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"text": [
"An article about it from Google: URL_1 Little bit about training neural networks: URL_0 An artificial neural network was trained for different language pairs. To much surprise, they found the same (or somehow similar) neurons activate for phrases with the same meaning f... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
5nb4vi | How did Reddit get so popular? Who were the first group of people to find Reddit, and how did they come across it? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"dca3yz6",
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"text": [
"Actually the two founders Steve Huffman and Alexis Ohanian made a bunch of fake accounts to post links on other websites guiding to their newly created website that they just put online with the help of a start up company. Th... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
5nb6c9 | Why can cameras record 4K-25fps, FHD-50fps but not 4K-50fps or more? | My new camera (Panasonic FZ1000) can record in 4K - 25fps, but can also do FHD at 50fps and even HD at 100fps. The [Wikipedia]( URL_0 ) page even says that it has more capabilities, but restrained by the firmware : * Full HD 1920×1080: 100 or 120 fps * HD 720p 1280×720: 200 or 240 fps * 640×360: 300 or 360 fps I found ... | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"dca4ig6"
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"text": [
"> processing power, data size That's exactly it. Larger resolution and FPS require more processing power as well as more bandwidth to transfer the large amount of data to the camera's storage."
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5ncq5d | How does developers input "traps" in their software for pirated copies? How do they distinguish between real and pirate, and why can't someone just upload new copies without it? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"dcamm5u"
],
"text": [
"This is called \"digital rights management\", or DRM. DRM comes in a variety of forms. When software came with printed manuals, sometimes there'd be information on the manual the program would force you to enter. Later, when software came on CD's, often extra DRM data o... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
5nctu9 | how secure / anonymous are texting apps? How easily can cops trace it? | I was in an argument with a friend about the anonymity of texting apps / burner apps / Skype calling, and I wanted to know, say if you don't use your actual email or information, how easy is it to still trace it to the user? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"dcahgr2"
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"text": [
"It depends on the specific app. For some apps, it's not private at all. For others, it's possible for them to see who you're texting but not the contents of the text. Others are completely private. In some cases, the answer is \"it depends\". WhatsApp, for example, didn... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
5ndasr | Explain AMD Risen. What's the Hype? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"dcajz7e",
"dcak3jd"
],
"text": [
"AMD is a company that makes processor chips, like Intel. AMD is trying to pitch their new **Ryzen** CPU as a solid competitor against Intel and their tech demo is a topic of much discussion about how it stacks up against the usually dominant Intel's curre... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
5ndv23 | how does my phone calculate how many flights of stairs went up? | I've seen references to things likes atmospheric pressure, but then would going up an elevator ruin my stats? (I work on the 40th floor of a building) | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"dcap9wh"
],
"text": [
"Your phone can use a combination of barometer, accelerometer, and GPS to determine your change in elevation over time as well as whether it's through being lifted or by stepping. The accelerometer is key, here, because it can determine acceleration and in what direction... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
5ne1yc | If cochlear implants communicate directly with the brain using electrical signals to fix deafness, why can we not yet use the same principle to correct blindness, or even possibly create virtual reality capable of full cognitive immersion? | Edit: Thanks for all the answers! | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"dcauo5u",
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],
"text": [
"The ear basically transmits information to the auditory nerve and then the brain deals with processing the information it receives. The eye has a lot more \"pre-processing\" before any information gets to the brain. Networks of neurons within the eye proc... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
5ne67k | ; how does a computer game mimic the laws of physics. | how does a game or app on a computer or phone mimic the laws of physics, for example when I am playing pool on my phone, and i hit the cue ball with slightly more or less force, how is that translated in computer code to make the balls i hit move in a way they would in real life. | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"dcas2xi"
],
"text": [
"The basic physics stuff is pretty easy, just have to keep track of a few parameters. Location, Velocity, and Acceleration. For the most part interactions can be defined simply setting acceleration. For each simulation cycle start by setting acceleration to zero (nothing... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
5nenez | How did Facebook know I might be friends with a person in another city, when I've given them almost no information? | I made my first Facebook account ever yesterday, and I used a brand new email address for it. I gave neither the email provider or Facebook any personal information beyond my name and I think my birthday. Somehow, within hours, Facebook was able to determine that I might be friends with a guy I used to know who lives i... | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"dcaw78h",
"dcavh9r"
],
"text": [
"Perhaps that person has you in a virtual address book on their email, phone etc which they have given permission for FB to link through. You gave FB your name, it sees your name on his contact list and suggests the connection.",
"Have you accepted any... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
5nfqib | How are the new Intel processors better than older ones even if they're running at the same speed and have the same number of cores? | For example, I currently have a 6600k, but I've heard that the 7600k is better even if both are running at 3.5ghz and have 4 cores. | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"dcb6b4p"
],
"text": [
"Alright, take it like this: A processor is a laborer who's job it is to take loads of materials up to the architect and builders. Other laborers might be able to move up and down the hill just as fast as our laborer, but are less efficient with the loads that they bring... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
5ng36m | How do illegal key generators work? | If i were so inclined I could download an illegal copy of windows get a key generator and activate windows. How is it possible for an illegal key generator to generate valid windows keys? Or keys in general? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"dcb9emo"
],
"text": [
"The software maker typically uses a computer algorithm to generate their keys. The key it generates will follow a certain pattern that the maker knows and when you install the software and activate it using the key it checks to see if it matches that pattern (I'm ignori... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
5ng3cs | How do radio stations broadcast album art? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"dcb9dxf"
],
"text": [
"Radio stations have extra radio bandwidth that they don't need for the audio alone. They can use this bandwidth to send additional data to your radio such as the station name, song title, artist, or I guess the album art. It's essentially sending data over a wireless in... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
5ngms2 | How does a surface-to-air missile (SAM) distinguish hostile aircrafts from friendly aircrafts? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"dcbc94z",
"dcbdn1m"
],
"text": [
"The typical SAM can't tell the difference between friendlies and hostiles. For systems where the SAM is guided from the ground, it's up to the operator to make that call.",
"Aircraft carry a transmitter called an IFF (interrogator friend or foe) trans... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
5nhhy2 | How does the Crocodile Dentist toy work? | [Video ]( URL_1 ) [Amazon]( URL_0 ) You open the crocodile mouth and press his teeth. If you press the sore one, there only one and it is randomized each time the mouth open, he'll bite. The toy doesn't use any battery, so it must be fully mechanical. I wonder how the sore tooth is randomized? I tried to record the seq... | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"dcbkypf",
"dcbmar1"
],
"text": [
"My guess is there is a disk directly below the disk that has holes for safe teeth to get pushed down through. The triggering tooth pushes the disk down and triggers the jaw to close. The disk gets spun every time you open the jaws and is randomized by tha... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
5nigf4 | Why do web pages viewed on mobile devices keep changing layout as they load, and then change again just as you try to tap a link after it seems like they were finished loading? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"dcbrt3r"
],
"text": [
"Main reason is asymetric loading of elements and bad programming. In detail: The main goal of a mobile page is to load as fast as possible. There are certain methods to achieve this. The two most important (for your question) are: 1) Load visible stuff first: The first ... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
5nj2lt | Why there is no remote finder button on TV, to track lost remote? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"dcbu8g6"
],
"text": [
"You would need to add a transmitter to the tv and a repeater on your remote. And costs aside you usually lose your remote quite close to the TV, even though sometimes seems to have been sucked into another dimension."
],
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[]... | [
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5njg37 | how passwords work? what happens in the backend when you type password in gmail,facebook etc?what about phone passwords? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
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"dcbwzhg"
],
"text": [
"Well at is most basic you type in something and the computer checks that against the value stored in a database. You might enter \"gaussianpc\" as your username and \"hunter2\" as your password and the computer checks a table of usernames and passwords if the password n... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
5nk1t3 | Why is a video taken from my phone camera a couple GB but a movie which is much longer is about the same size? | I took a 9 minute video (1080p) from my phone the other day, and it turned out to about 1.38 gigs. But a downloaded movie of the same quality (1080p) is often 1.4 or 1.5 GB while retaining the same quality? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"dcc7oye",
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"dcc1wfz"
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"text": [
"It is possible to significantly compress video, but it takes a lot of computing power, too much for your phone to do it on the fly. You could take your video, run it through a conversion and compression process for an hour or... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
5nkds8 | While being put "on hold" on the phone, why do songs played have such dreadful quality, while voices come through just fine? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"dcce2yc",
"dcc4xpi",
"dcciiap"
],
"text": [
"It's a combination of a number of factors, but the biggest issue is that phone lines have been \"optimized\" to favor voice sounds over other sounds, and as a result many of the upper and lower frequencies that make up the music you're list... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
5nkjtv | How do companies profit from data? | Example: So I use facebook, I give them my typical information. I also post bits about myself that facebook has legal access to. What do with this data to somehow make money from my account? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"dcc5zat",
"dcca8gq"
],
"text": [
"They can use your data to target better ads to you, which allows them to charge companies more to place those ads. For example if there are all sorts of pictures of you skiing, ads for ski gear might be more effective to you than to Joe Random.",
"I w... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
5nkra0 | Booleans in C Programming? | I don't know why but the explanation to Booleans is not sinking in, I'm finding the explanations more and more confusing everytime I read over them. Can I have a simplified explanation of this? > When using if statements, you will often wish to check multiple different conditions. You must understand the Boolean operat... | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"dcc8yqz",
"dcc8jfx"
],
"text": [
"I've programmed in C/C++ for almost twenty years and I had trouble following that as well. To be fair to the guy, it is often hard to explain things which have become second nature. When in doubt, use parentheses! The extra characters don't make the code ... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
5nl5zk | Why does that "insert" key that deletes your text as you type exist? | Consensus at work is that it's just annoying, and nobody could think of a way it'd be useful. Is it just a vestigial feature of some sort? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"dccc1o4",
"dccbhmh",
"dccbgmd"
],
"text": [
"It used to be more useful back in the day. Before computers on the market came equipped with graphics processing and spreadsheet capabilities, everything was text based and you would often have to, for example, design your own data tables a... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
5nm6m4 | How would somebody create a new programming language? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"dccljz2",
"dccls2p"
],
"text": [
"You would write a program in another language to make it work. The two approaches are: * compiler - reads a file of the new language and changes it to machine code * interpreter - reads the file line by line and executes each command Many modern languages... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
5nmsa2 | How can someone be lost at sea with all of the technology and satellites we have now? | I saw the post earlier about a man and his daughter who have been lost at sea for about a month finally landed in Australia. Maybe it's because I watch too many sci fi movies, but I find it hard to believe that with all the technology we have now we could not pick them up on a satellite or something. Are we not as tech... | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"dccpthu",
"dccpvew",
"dccpczi",
"dccu71p"
],
"text": [
"> ...pick them up on a satellite... Satellites don't have any special abilities to \"sense\" where people are. Most satellites aren't cameras, those that *are* cameras are in use by spying agencies and they cost a trillion do... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
5no3xz | How do air-conditioners work? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"dcd09no"
],
"text": [
"A/C uses a gas which is compressed, the heat is extracted from it using a coil and a fan, and then is allowed to expand, and it cools considerably, then a 2nd fan blows air through that coil which absorbs heat and cools the room air. Thats why the outside unit of an A/C... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
5no8ph | How do hard drives get bigger in capacity, but physically smaller in size? | And why is there a time delay between the development of hard drives as well? (I.e. why did 500gb hard drives cost so much back then, compared to how much they cost now? What has changed developmentally?) | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"dcdasvm",
"dcd6bvn"
],
"text": [
"Technology. The smaller you can make the parts that store information, the more you can fit in one spot. For example, imagine using apples as a way to keep track of things when you're counting. Everytime you count up, you move one apple from a bucket on y... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
5npoyi | Why is 'foo' and 'bar' used so much when explaining programming? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
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"dcdcmc6",
"dcdcojd",
"dce40f1",
"dcdr1ri",
"dcde9az",
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"text": [
"It's just an easily-recognizable convention to indicate that \"something goes here, and the name itself is not important, so you can avoid trying to determine whether the name is significant — it... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
5nqyt3 | What is a "Windows X System" in relation to operating systems? | Also are the terms remote X session and SSH related terms? What do they mean in this context? Thanks! | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"dcdmihy"
],
"text": [
"That's X Windows System, not Windows X System. It is also known as X11 or just X. X is basically the windowing system used by UNIX and UNIX-like operating systems. It's been around since 1984. Unlike more popular (nowadays) windowing systems like Microsoft Windows and M... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
5nrnon | What is so groundbreaking about the Amiga? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"dcdrua0"
],
"text": [
"For its time, it has very advanced graphics capabilities. It also was one of the first PCs to multitask. It used to be that computers could only do one thing at a time. If you want to copy a file, that is all your computer would be doing until the copy was done."
],
... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
5nsjne | Why is it bad to quickly restart an air conditioner compressor? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"dcdz2zd"
],
"text": [
"The air conditioner has a motor which compresses the gas hence it is called the compressor. If you start the compressor after a period of being off then the electric motor, the compressor, starts against no load. It does not begin pumping against a compressed gas. It is... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
5nsvbq | Sometimes my phone's change with go from say 3% to 7% if I leave it alone for a long time. Is it actually regaining charge? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"dce1oxy"
],
"text": [
"Your battery app calculates the remaining battery based on the battery power currently being used (mV) and your usage since it was fully charged. That's why you can generally do calibration to correctly measure the current battery status and range of it. Usually, if we ... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
5nt14e | Why do capacitors make that high pitched sound? | I have 3 old camera flashes, All of them make a noise when charging up, Why is this? And why are modern ones silent? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"dce3knl"
],
"text": [
"It's probably not the capacitor, it's the transformer. Older cameras generate a high voltage to get a bright flash, and that voltage is generated through a transformer/capacitor circuit. The whining is caused by [magnetostriction]( URL_0 ). As the magnetic field rapidly... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
5nt308 | What is the logic behind AI in strategy games such as Starcraft or Xcom. | I can understand something like a basic chess AI using a simple net points (Might be the wrong term but I'm mostly self taught, sorry) system but I'm having trouble figuring out how to get an AI to consider strategy past that. Thanks. | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"dce3kqh"
],
"text": [
"In starcraft, each unit has a \"counter-unit\". At the highest difficulty, an AI will likely have one of its workers or cheap units in your base, watching your build, while simultaneously building the counter to what you have. This is how it decides upon the macro side ... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
5ny114 | why do light bulbs only seem to ever go out when turning them on instead of while they're already on? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"dcf3zxq"
],
"text": [
"when you turn on a conventional lightbulb it heats up in a flash, which stresses the filament. once it's stabilized at its new temperature it's generally fine, but it does happen that they burn out while on, usually if left on for a long time or if there's a power fluct... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
5nyg70 | When you see stories like, "12 year old invents cheap alternative to a significant medical/military/household product", what actually happened? Were they receiving some uncredited assistance or are they actually just child geniuses working alone after school? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"dcf7i1r",
"dcf7oh2"
],
"text": [
"It's almost always FAKE NEWS. The rest of the time it's a reporter without much expertise in the fiend that's unrealistically impressed by a good science fair project. If you look at genuine science fair awards, [like these Intel ones]( URL_0 ), you'll se... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
5nyjec | Why arent SSDs and SD cards the same size even though a lot of them can hold the same amount? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"dcf93qk",
"dcf9ccg",
"dcf9rmg"
],
"text": [
"An SSD is very much different from an SD card. SSD's, SD cards and phone internal memory for that matter uses the same NAND flash chips. However a fundamental difference here is the controllers. Imagine a room in which you want to fill in s... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
5nzohm | how HDD and flash drives store data without being connected to electricity . | i always took it for granted but never knew how it works , can someone eli5 how the data is kept in harddisk drives ,etc... after its not connected to a power source ? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"dcfgqwv"
],
"text": [
"Differently. HDDs store data in the polarization of a thin magnetic media. The coding is along the lines of if NS then that's a 0 and SN is a 1. Flash storage uses electrons stored in a tiny capacitor. Lots of charge = 1 and no charge = 0."
],
"score": [
3
],
... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
5o19ey | How does noise canceling work, and can it hurt your hearing by actually adding more sounds and decibels to your ears? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"dcfvfwm",
"dcfzt02",
"dcfvv7z"
],
"text": [
"A sound wave can be represented by the lower image for simplicity: URL_0 Noise-cancelling equipment is able to produce a sound that creates a 'peak' where the heard wave is a valley, and a 'valley' where the heard wave is a peak, as in this... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
5o1bq8 | How does the postal service machinery know the correct amount of postage has been put on via stamps? Especially with old postage stamps, or a many small currency stamps. | When I put a stamp on the envelope, how does the machinery know the correct amount / how much postage has been placed on the envelope? Is each stamp micro-printed with a code the machinery can read as the value, or does the machinery have a database of every stamp and it's proper value? And what about small packages wi... | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"dcg2vlo"
],
"text": [
"The usps is very outdated and playing catch up they aren't good at catching it and rely on the workers a lot to catch it . They use to be really terrible and I know people who would ship out dozens of packages daily all at 1 lb no matter what and rarely ever had issues ... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
5o1um8 | Why is it impossible to decrypt something after it has been encrypted to md5/bcrypt/etc? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"dcfzsnz"
],
"text": [
"Because those aren't encrypting functions. They're hashing functions. Unlike an encryption functions, hash functions cause you to lose information when you do the transformation. The simplest operation that exhibits this property is modulo division (taking the remainder... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
5o2ues | Why do most news websites currently have a "Click to expand article"/"Read More" button on mobile? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"dcgbdrl",
"dcg7y1c"
],
"text": [
"Lots of reasons: * It allows the page to load faster in order to get all those ads in. * It validates the interest in the article that justifies the rates charged to advertisers. * Enables the page to fit the horizontal screen of a lap top. * It enables t... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
5o3j0f | how do 64kb demos work? How is a video generated from such a small file? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"dcgdps2"
],
"text": [
"My thesis supervisor was interested in these demos ([here's one he made]( URL_3 ) and [here's]( URL_1 ) his thesis on it, though it's in Czech, but there's a lot of pictures) and he told me a little bit about them. Here are the main things: - The demo in not a video, it... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
5o3tlu | Why are there different versions of Windows? (ie Windows 10 Home, Pro etc) | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"dcgf4kr",
"dcgdtik"
],
"text": [
"Basically Microsoft could just sell the same product to everyone, but they want to make as much money as possible. They can't ask home users to pay the same high prices as business as many wouldn't want to pay that much and they can't just lower the price... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
5o6cww | How do Speedometers work? | I have a rather large truck with large wheels. I have always assumed I travel faster than other vehicles because of how big my wheels are. The other day my girlfriend was driving behind me and I was only going 55 mph while she told me she was going at least 70 mph to try and keep up with me. How is it that I never get ... | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"dcgxbvn"
],
"text": [
"Speedometers measure the speed of a vehicle by using a magnet attached to the vehicle's transmission through a series of gears. As this magnet spins it interacts with the speedometer needle and pulls it a certain amount depending on the speed of rotation of the transmis... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
5o6lhu | How do we create "easy" AI in video games? | I understand how artificial intelligence works in general, but my question is how do developers make "easier" AI in video games? AIs that make mistakes and can be easily outsmarted or outperformed by a human? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"dcgz1wm",
"dcgz6ou"
],
"text": [
"Depends on the game really. In games like chess you can adjust the difficulty by telling the computer to not look so far ahead. In games like FPS's it's actually hard to make a good playing AI, movement and tactic-wise. They try to make the AI as good as ... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
5o7mab | Why are circuit boards colored green as opposed to other colors? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"dch7x5s"
],
"text": [
"Nowadays you can find boards in many other colors other then green (black, white, red, purple, etc). As for why it has been green since forever there are some theories I found: Military requirement Consequence of the fact that originally the base resin was brownish yell... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
5oah3o | Solar panels. How do they work? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"dchu1xn"
],
"text": [
"The sun creates these things called *photons*. These photons are little packets of light and energy. These are ejected from the sun trillions and trillions of time per second. When photons hit things, they can give up their energy to them. That's why light can heat thin... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
5oapam | Is it okay to leave your phone (or other electronics thay require charge) plugged in and charged overnight? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"dchxbhe"
],
"text": [
"No, it actually prolongs the life of the battery. Once the battery is full, the charge circuit will cut power to it and not charge it again until the battery voltage drops by some amount. However, while your phone is plugged in, modern phones will not draw any power fro... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
5oebrg | How do computers go from physical parts to computing languages? | Confusing title, I know, but what I'm asking is what is the link between the physical aspects of computers, such as soldering a circuit board to typing in programs like java? What are the levels in between physical components and digital programming? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"dcio1zk",
"dcipyzv"
],
"text": [
"[Here]( URL_0 ) is my answer to a similar question, if it helps you.",
"* transistors/vacuum tubes/relays - electronic switches that can be opened or closed electronically, and used to control other switches * logic circuits - a handful of transistors... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
5oexio | What exactly do artist do in video game design with the programmers to make the game complete? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"dcitsc9",
"dcisvpw"
],
"text": [
"Artists make everything you see on your screen. Animators make all the things you see on your screen move the way you see them move on your screen. Programmers write code that tells your computer when to play what animation when you press a specific butto... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
5oflgs | Why commercials have a long and short version. | Many times I will see an ad for the first time and it is 30 seconds or so, then in the coming weeks that commercial will be cut to a shorter version, maybe 10 or 15 seconds. Sometimes it even has shots that weren't in the original. Anyone in advertising who could shed some light? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"dcizcrv"
],
"text": [
"Yep, it is a specific marketing strategy aimed at regular tv watchers. They start running a long commercial (1 minute) that hopefully does a really good job of being remember by the audience. This if often not hard because 1 minute commercials often stand out because th... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
5oh1is | How exactly does a computer execute a program? | Okay, so I understand how computers work, the basics, bla bla bla, that they are comprised of binary, dividing complex problems into millions of simple additions/ subtractions, and I understand how a computer functions on a bunch of commands etc. What I'm struggling with is how a command is actually executed, and how m... | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"dcj9fl2"
],
"text": [
"At the very basic level, I think what you're asking about is \"machine code\". Let's imagine a basic computer. It might have a few different instructions: - INPUT - read a number from the user, and store it in a \"register\" - OUTPUT - take the number in the register an... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
5oj06y | Why do drives on PCs start with C:\? Where are A:\ and B:\? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"dcjmmab",
"dcjpbvb",
"dcjml1a",
"dcjpupg",
"dcjqit6"
],
"text": [
"Back in the day, PCs didn't have hard drives. They only had [floppy disk]( URL_0 ) drives. A common configuration was to have two drives, usually one 3.5\" drive and one 5.25\" drive, so they were designated A:... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
5oj5qi | Why are the numbers on an analog radio dial irregularly spaced? | Take [this dial]( URL_0 ) for example. The 60 and 70 are just as far apart as the 100 and 130. Why does the dial need to travel just as far to span 100 kHz as it does to span 300 kHz in a different part? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"dcjuu67",
"dcjqoqn",
"dcjuvif",
"dcjp9lb"
],
"text": [
"Actually it's not logarithmic, it's closer to a 1/x relation since what you turn is not a resistor, but a variable capacitor. A capacitor and an inductor are used in the tunning circuit attached to the antenna. But log scales... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
5ojn69 | When someone talks about rendering a video, or an animation, what does that mean? And how would not rendering it affect it? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"dcjsysc",
"dcjs1dc",
"dcjwq1l",
"dcjuxzb",
"dcjroi3",
"dcjukz8"
],
"text": [
"Let's compare video editing to building a car. So you're editing your video, but really it's a collection of parts. Multiple footage clips, effects like color correction, etc. The computer is abl... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
5ojr1v | Why can my eyeglasses take constant dropping and abuse while my phones screen is so delicate? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"dcjtl8m",
"dcjvmiv",
"dcjteax",
"dcjtana",
"dcju66p",
"dcjtk97",
"dck3lqy",
"dckawv9",
"dcjz5d5",
"dcjt5ns",
"dcjwrl4",
"dcjzmmv",
"dckeme8",
"dcjvvm0",
"dcjuipo",
"dcjxzdv"
],
"text": [
"Glasses are usually made with Polycarbonate l... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
5olg1m | How do erasers work? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"dcka9zf"
],
"text": [
"Have you ever rubbed your hands together and felt the warmth? That's called friction. When you erase a pencil mark, you are rubbing the rubber eraser against the paper. The friction between the rubber eraser and the paper loosens the graphite particles from the paper. T... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
5omdo1 | why is "night vision" green? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"dckf15v",
"dckk4av",
"dckqzi3",
"dckojye"
],
"text": [
"Back in the day, night vision goggles relied on vacuum tubes, specifically, photomultipliers, that were much more sensitive to light than human eyes. These tubes basically, as the name suggests, \"multiply\" light, making it ... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
5onvaw | if you reverse a reversed video, why does it still look very strange? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"dckqjsj"
],
"text": [
"So you tried to un reverse the backwards running gif? The issue is compression I think. All formats of video have it and it can't be undone completely. So you lose some with the original and you lose some when you reverse it. And you lose some when you reverse it again.... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
5onwec | why won't companies like Valve make games such as Half Life 3 which would pretty much guarantee them unimaginable profits? Is there another reason for not doing it apart from the risk of it not being that good? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"dcktn5d"
],
"text": [
"Valve is making money hand over fist with Steam. Half Life 3 has impossible expectations to live up to so I'm sure they'll wait until the risk doesn't outweigh the reward. Why risk messing things up right now when they're doing really well? Square long ago said they wou... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
5opx72 | Why do some customer support numbers say "except for Panama"? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"dclek98"
],
"text": [
"It seems that Panama has historically had a lot of call centers. I think the issue is that Panamanians are supposed to call a different local number instead of the regular 800 number."
],
"score": [
3
],
"text_urls": [
[]
]
} | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
5oq05p | Why can't an operating system contain kernels from multiple operating systems, allowing programs from either OS to run? | I understand that applications are dependent on frameworks and components provided by the OS in order to run, but isn't the kernel responsible for allowing those frameworks and components to operate in the first place? Couldn't an operating system made from several kernels run the applications from several operating sy... | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"dcl8hx1"
],
"text": [
"Because kernels expect to have direct access to the hardware. If you attempt to run an OS kernel as a regular program under an OS, first it will fail because the kernel expects to be loaded differently than regular OS programs (usually a kernel is loaded by a small prog... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
5or3ds | How does the black line on debit/credit cards work? | I've taken it for granted for a long time and now I'm curious. | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"dclddwu"
],
"text": [
"It has a magnetic texture that is unique to your account. Machines read it and know which account to access. Extra sentence."
],
"score": [
3
],
"text_urls": [
[]
]
} | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
5or6yo | How can locks/padlocks be mass produced whilst still being unlockable only by their individual key? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"dclo0ck",
"dclg7ds",
"dcle873",
"dclksgu",
"dclucq6",
"dcly5hg",
"dclh2a7"
],
"text": [
"I'm going to try my best to explain this, but it can get complicated. To understand how this works, you would need to understand how a key cylinder is made and how the key interact... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
5orknu | My Mum hates it if I spend a few hours gaming, yet if I watch TV for the same amount of time, so doesn't mind. Myis this; how is gaming worse for you than watching TV? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"dclhnlv"
],
"text": [
"Honestly, it is not worse for you. But people unfamiliar with gaming probably think it's weird and don't understand what you are doing. And the fact that it's so immersive -- like you don't want to be interrupted or talk with your Mum during the game -- may annoy her."
... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
5orrvu | Tesla released all its patent on their car in 2014 so that anyone can use them. Why isn't there any other Car Co. using them ATM? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"dclj87h",
"dclmtg7"
],
"text": [
"There is no way to know they aren't. There are a lot of patents and licensing that you would have no way to check on who is using what and How. Also using a Patent doesn't mean it will look like Tesla, that is a different thing.",
"Any number of manuf... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
5orzei | If text messages are encrypted, how can government agencies access them? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"dcll3tz",
"dclmcwr"
],
"text": [
"The communication between your cell phone and the cell tower is encrypted, but it is not end-to-end encrypted between your cell phone and the other cell phone. That means that there are three people that can read the message: you, the person who controls ... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
5osa98 | Why is there a seemingly larger risk of getting viruses on a laptop/desktop than there is while accessing the internet through a smartphone/console? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"dclnmc6",
"dclov9p",
"dclvl9f",
"dcm662o"
],
"text": [
"Consoles and some mobile operating systems (iOS) are \"sandboxed\". This means that only authorised code can run, for example in iOS you can only run apps signed by Apple from the App Store; unless you jailbreak it. Consoles ... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
5osj3g | What would a videogame look like if you could see the world as it was loading? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"dclq0iz",
"dclpp5q"
],
"text": [
"Depends how it's drawn. Like when you draw a picture do you draw it in pencil and then paint it? Or do you draw a little bit and paint it and then draw a little bit more. I believe it was wolfenstein which was the first game to render maps in low quality ... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
5otmu1 | Do cell phone companies limit/throttle data because there actually is a bandwidth shortage, or is it a cash grab? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"dcm1gmo"
],
"text": [
"The incentive to throttle bandwidth is 1) Generally to ensure everyone using the network has a decent speed 2) To try to limit the growth of data usage. There is only so much data that can be passed through a antenna/radio. The limits are simply physics. Typically, the ... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
5otupv | Why are bulletproof vests not reusable? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"dcm0rzu",
"dcm12nm",
"dcm15j6"
],
"text": [
"The easiest way I can explain this, is a kevlar vest is like a cube of jello? If you smack the jello and crush it, it will break apart, but absorb the shock, if you hit it again it's just a pile of mush so it will barely stop your hand, you... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
5owj4l | What would happen if everyone on a plane didn't switch their phone to flight mode | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"dcmkby7"
],
"text": [
"Most likely? Nothing. The flight would proceed as normally, with no real notable incident. But potentially? If the chance of catastrophic failure is increased by .1% ... is that really worth not switching your phone to airplane mode? It's not like you'll have service at... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
5owl29 | Why is the Python language so heavily divided between two versions (2 and 3)? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"dcmqgz2"
],
"text": [
"Python was already really popular when version 3 came out. Version 3 had a lot of non-backward-compatible changes which broke most version 2 code. A lot of Python projects aren't just one guy's Python code, they combine lots of people's Python projects together. If you ... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
5ox11k | Why are fire animations, fogs and shadows in video games so demanding for graphic cards? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"dcn31lj",
"dcmrkqw",
"dcmu70i",
"dcmrpty",
"dcnbetc",
"dcniutj",
"dcmp5iv",
"dcn7h97",
"dcmxmk6",
"dcniwla",
"dcnmr5l",
"dcn1bnz"
],
"text": [
"Imagine your graphics card is a famed renaissance painter named Giancarlo Pasquali Uberti sitting in a ro... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
5ox83l | Why do radios stations from far away come on when it rains? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"dcmt4bn"
],
"text": [
"Radio waves are just another form of light, and like visible light, they can be reflected off objects. The phenomenon you're talking about probably has to do with [Tropospheric Ducting]( URL_0 ). During a rain storm, you might have a layer of cold air near ground level ... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
5oxhtm | Is it legal to pirate a game I own legitimately? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"dcms20q",
"dcmt7zr",
"dcms4tw",
"dcms3gj",
"dcmsb1b"
],
"text": [
"If I remember correctly, you're not buying the game per se, but a license to play that game on whichever system you buy it for, which makes playing same game technically illegal on an emulator. Hopefully someon... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
5oxjlr | How do people get roms off of cartridges? | When it comes to, say, ripping a rom off of a gba or nes game, what is the method for that? I'm asking because I'm genuinely curious, not because I'm trying to :P | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"dcmspun"
],
"text": [
"You just need a device that can connect to the cartridge and to a computer, at which point the cartridge either appears as a serial device. [This]( URL_0 ) page shows various projects that have been done with gameboy cartridges."
],
"score": [
3
],
"text_url... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
5oxlhm | How the Dark Web operates | Not looking to know how to get on it, just how it actually operates. How it stays hidden, etc. | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"dcmtct2"
],
"text": [
"It operates just like the rest of the Internet. It's computers that use IP messages to send information to each other. It's just not indexed by Google or send to your browser as HTTP messages. For example, the email network is dark. My email server sends SMTP messages t... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
5oxs2o | White Hats of Reddit, what are simple steps everyone should be taking to preserve anonymity and security online? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"dcmw3fc",
"dcmwux4",
"dcmzoz1"
],
"text": [
"1. Buy a brand new laptop with cash. If you are ultra paranoid have somebody else buy it for you. 2. Tape over or otherwise disable the webcam. 3. Never log into any personal website with this laptop. Never log into facebook, email, reddit ... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
5oxt8t | What does the chip on our cards do, why do we only now need it, and why can't every store/vendor mainstream the darn thing so we don't have to swipe? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"dcmuyzl"
],
"text": [
"It changes your card number every time it's used, and it prevents itself from being swiped in a reader activated for chip. This lowers the likelihood of your info being stolen and used by magnitudes. Now, most stores in the US have a reader capable of accepting chip. Ho... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
5oya18 | What's the hold up with the ability for residents to text 911 for emergencies? Is it a technology-related problem? Jurisdictional? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"dcn2idw",
"dcmzca3"
],
"text": [
"There is a technological hurdle and then the organizations willingness to upgrade their systems. Legacy 911 call routing applications only handle voice as that was all that was required or envisioned at the time. Voice is a lot easier to hand off to PSAP ... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
5oyx7e | why is torrenting so much faster than regular downloads | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"dcn7yh4"
],
"text": [
"You're actually downloading multiple parts from different places (seeds) at the same time, then combining them, whereas normal download is like a single-file line."
],
"score": [
3
],
"text_urls": [
[]
]
} | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
5ozsah | Why do mobile browsers always seem to recognize a desktop link and automatically turn into a mobile one, but desktop browsers don't recognize mobile links and convert them the other way? | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"dcnbuap",
"dcnaxl2"
],
"text": [
"It's not the mobile browser doing it. It's the server side software. Whenever you go to a webpage, your browser is sending data to the server, specifically including the browser program name, the version, the platform. This is called agent data. Your phon... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] | |
5p0xl1 | Why can't phone service providers offer spam filtering in the same fashion that email service providers do? | I am aware of the do-not-call list, however I have my doubts about it's effectiveness. It also seems like it would be in the service providers best interest to advocate spam filtering as it could potentially eliminate a lot of strain on phone network capacity? Thanks for any insight on this. :-) | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"dcnkkt4"
],
"text": [
"Because the phone companies wouldn't make money. They buy and sell on a per minute basis of a connected call. Filter out a spam call? That's a few minutes of profit not earned. Email providers don't charge per email, just a flat rate (or ad-supported fee), so they don't... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
5p3u5z | What is the difference between low level programming language and high level language? | What is the difference between low level programming language and high level language? I have no knowledge of coding/computer language at all so please keep that in mind. Also examples of both would be great. Thanks! | Technology | explainlikeimfive | {
"a_id": [
"dco5c3p",
"dcob0eu",
"dco5qd6"
],
"text": [
"It's basically how close it is to the \"real\" operations the computer is doing. For example, take a list of names you need to alphabetically sort. Using plain English to make it simpler, in a high level language you basically just say: Com... | [
"url"
] | [
"url"
] |
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