paragraph_text stringlengths 1 2.5k | original_url stringlengths 31 249 | original_id stringlengths 2 8 | paragraph_number int64 1 9.56k | combined_id stringlengths 64 64 | length int64 1 2.5k | length_tokens int64 1 400 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
In spring 370, Wang first advanced on Luoyang and forced its surrender. He then advanced on Hu Pass (壺關, in modern Changzhi, Shanxi), defeating all Former Yan resistance on the way. He then captured Jinyang (晉陽, in modern Taiyuan, Shanxi). Murong Ping led a 300,000-men strong force against Wang, but apprehensive of ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murong%20Ping | 3897136 | 18 | 5dff9902f02290c77310eed1c1ff589c851591450e447231db5c60341457010a | 1,632 | 397 |
Irish high crosses are internationally recognised icons of early medieval Ireland. They are usually found on early church sites and can be either plain or decorated. High crosses served a variety of functions including, liturgical, ceremonial, and symbolic uses. They were also used as markers for an area of sanctuary a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muiredach%27s%20High%20Cross | 3899969 | 3 | a0bb0378d920f752ea9aec1f9240ea9f8fad56a869dd26a9311387db3b6c013c | 1,957 | 399 |
Because their soldiers were not able to use or take proper care of modern weapons, the warlords often hired foreign mercenaries, who were effective but always open to other offers. Russian émigrés who fled to China after the victory of the Bolsheviks were widely employed. One of the Russian mercenaries claimed that th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warlord%20Era | 3918792 | 41 | aea9701905d0321bf3db16783cd82e547e5dd8dd84fd57934846f176679f1c78 | 1,904 | 400 |
Gilwell Park, named after the original Gilwell Park in the United Kingdom, is a campsite, activity and training centre for Scouts Victoria. The property is located on both sides of the Launching Place Road, Gembrook. Charles Hoadley was one of the founders and the warden from 1924 until his death in 1947. In 1920, the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scouting%20and%20Guiding%20in%20Victoria | 3920092 | 35 | bebda470759639b5d80265bb79f4c12c615b7a671fafa047b89cd5624bb49e8b | 1,719 | 397 |
Previous European settlements in present-day Hudson County included a small town called Communipaw (at the current Liberty Science Center) and other settlements that were all within Pavonia, which included only the lands surrounding of Harsimus Island (Harsimus), Aressick (Paulus Hook) and Hobocan Hacking (Hoebuck), al... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bergen%20Township%2C%20New%20Jersey%20%281661%E2%80%931862%29 | 3920589 | 4 | dd78dd6e4336211f772f4d0268db5a9a4d63ea945613e43a676e023193abe996 | 1,732 | 400 |
One of the traditional stories relating to the genealogies of Welsh dynasties derived from Cunedda and his sons as "Men of the North". Cunedda himself is held to be the progenitor of the royal dynasty of the Kingdom of Gwynedd, one of the largest and most powerful of the medieval Welsh kingdoms, and an ongoing connecti... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hen%20Ogledd | 3921754 | 19 | aa89a197847277b6c2e40896504942de95ee13720f94b3cee01ccff99389aa5a | 1,827 | 397 |
From the 16th to the 19th century, the formidable Mughal empire covered much of India. In 1739, the Persian emperor Nader Shah invaded India, defeated the Mughal Emperor Muhammad Shah, and occupied most of Balochistan and the Indus plain. After Nadir Shah's death, the kingdom of Afghanistan was established in 1747 by o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military%20history%20of%20Pakistan | 3923951 | 15 | 359d0c702fc752fc10043a308a3131ce74c45c89c5b8051f3d6fc4e55d6223ae | 1,708 | 399 |
The 1st Battalion was a regular army unit that was stationed in India at the outbreak of war and was recalled to Britain, arriving in July 1940 during the Battle of Britain. They were part of the 185th Infantry Brigade originally assigned to the 79th Armoured Division but the brigade (including the 2nd Royal Warwickshi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal%20Norfolk%20Regiment | 3935261 | 46 | 824422d12ff49992935ed15ca5a7e469ee69018fe4feaf5d852d416d4ae72596 | 1,698 | 396 |
Because Kierkegaard read Schopenhauer, and because Schopenhauer was heavily influenced by Eastern philosophy, it would seem that Kierkegaard would have shown an awareness of Eastern philosophy. There is, however, little direct reference to Asian thought in Kierkegaard's writings. Anyone who is familiar with such Asian ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy%20of%20S%C3%B8ren%20Kierkegaard | 3944846 | 102 | e00dcc5309d14e4944fc58c2cf09b5b569a10b2614256dc4c85ca10cef418b54 | 1,967 | 396 |
President Bush's second nominee to replace O'Connor, Harriet Miers, withdrew before a vote; Bush's third nominee to replace O'Connor was Samuel Alito, who was confirmed in January 2006. In 2009, President Barack Obama nominated Sonia Sotomayor to replace Souter; she was confirmed. In 2010, Obama nominated Elena Kagan t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roberts%20Court | 3954036 | 6 | 9fba5a759352fa459f744a0b8ac64e6571df62749b101bc21f30a590a923d484 | 1,608 | 398 |
Irving's book Hitler's War, the first published installment of his two-part biography of Adolf Hitler (the prequel The War Path was published in 1978), had originally been published in German as Hitler und seine Feldherren (Hitler and his Generals) in 1975. Irving's intention in Hitler's War was to clean away the "year... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hitler%27s%20War | 3957423 | 5 | 3a9359d22a8af387a231299d2e6147899076dbfe171d533530b2bcbda1fd0b54 | 1,852 | 397 |
The name Sulm is indisputably attached to the river that proceeds from the confluence near State Road 1111 of the Sauklinge and the brook flowing from the Bleichsee. From that point it flows north on the edge of the Teusserbad section of Löwenstein and past Castle Lautereck, built in 1623; it is in an underground culve... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulm%20%28Germany%29 | 3957652 | 4 | edca2d9bbec1d4762bcbd97622d406997a4d39ec3f852dd45869b8b9564a4739 | 1,633 | 399 |
His first volume in a projected trilogy on the life of Stalin, Stalin: Paradoxes of Power, 1878–1928 (976 pp., Penguin Random House, 2014) analyzes his life through 1928, and was a Pulitzer Prize finalist. It received reviews in newspapers, magazines, and academic journals, The second volume, Stalin: Waiting for Hitler... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen%20Kotkin | 3963186 | 9 | 0d652bf18274a97c28568eee17b2bb80c8efe3af63f45c970403eea0d6d47c62 | 1,715 | 397 |
Clemenceau was laid down on 17 January 1939 at the Salou No. 4 dock in Brest, directly after Richelieu had been launched from that dock earlier that day. Owing to the increased tensions with Germany, work on the ship was expedited and she was slated to be launched in 1941, with completion projected for late 1943. On 28... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richelieu-class%20battleship | 3979466 | 54 | 2bc941ce98101e9fe0458555095e777ea04b6cc5c8c6457861642c946494a5a8 | 1,693 | 400 |
The town of Çeşme itself experienced its golden age in the Middle Ages, when a modus vivendi established in the 14th century between the Republic of Genoa, which held Chios (Scio), and the Beylik of Aydinids, which controlled the Anatolian mainland, was pursued under the Ottomans, and export and import products between... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87e%C5%9Fme | 3984443 | 7 | cd53fa76fb9e861c4f0a6a497309a88448c1957b65b7258cbb3f156234caa0b7 | 1,586 | 396 |
As an academic, he was an early advocate of interdisciplinary studies in law and economics and political science. A student of Nobel laureate Ronald H. Coase at the University of Chicago and of Robert H. Bork, Ward S. Bowman and Friedrich Kessler at Yale, Levine established an innovative program in law and social scie... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20E.%20Levine | 3987643 | 7 | 4aeeb304f8220f2d015d5e450258d2f22bab614ff70627c8483f230ca0ede717 | 1,785 | 398 |
Bosley Crowther of The New York Times wrote: "There's much that is eye-filling and gripping as pure spectacle", but criticized Marlon Brando for making Fletcher Christian "more a dandy than a formidable ship's officer ... one feels the performance is intended either as a travesty or a lark." Variety called the film "of... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutiny%20on%20the%20Bounty%20%281962%20film%29 | 3992363 | 59 | c2c0f5f67bd5b4bdda37585231e4b10f800a5de5f8aaa68ed77684dbcb85b2ae | 1,827 | 400 |
At the formation of the Interstate Highway System, I-95 was planned as a Florida-to-Maine superhighway passing through the Northeast Megalopolis. However, decades of disputes among local and regional governments and private landowners prevented or delayed the design and construction of this highway from the Trenton–Phi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania%20Turnpike/Interstate%2095%20Interchange%20Project | 3994162 | 6 | f69ee3d44af238e114cdabb98eac1db6cf5917c1eb05c6f69bc73ff4c62e867f | 1,720 | 396 |
Publications of manga, anime, and other media have commented on Mustang's character in both the manga and anime. While reviewing the first volume of the manga, Manga Life found that Mustang's character was more mature in the manga than in the anime. On the other hand, in the review from the first anime's last episodes,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roy%20Mustang | 3994466 | 18 | 11a1a1cca514cd32ae6996789515db4da887a85633cae66bada4eaee55f59467 | 1,907 | 396 |
Chamberlin returned to the University of Utah in 1925, where he was made head of the departments of zoology and botany. When he arrived, the faculty consisted of one zoologist, one botanist, and an instructor. He soon began expanding the size and diversity of the biology program, and by the time of his retirement the f... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralph%20Vary%20Chamberlin | 3997448 | 18 | 292bbb5d74463fddf53ccbaf254f07c38104c19f1a64fe52f809bd3b1e8482d4 | 1,847 | 397 |
Also in 1962, Guatemalan specialist Susanne Jonas has alleged that U.S. Special Forces set up a secret military training base. After a successful (U.S. backed) coup against president Miguel Ydígoras Fuentes in 1963, U.S. advisors began to work with Colonel Carlos Manuel Arana Osorio to defeat the guerrillas, borrowing ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guatemalan%20Civil%20War | 4000053 | 177 | b08d9cde5ab4fe36711ba615df80442617fe45e0af1e6a958a984c94dece64cc | 1,742 | 398 |
The truth is that Isabella the Catholic had left in her will that Gibraltar would not be alienated anymore, which was not an obstacle for the Duke to try to recover it by force, taking advantage of the new power vacuum after the unexpected death of Philip the Handsome in 1506, since Ferdinand the Catholic was in Naples... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House%20of%20Medina%20Sidonia | 4000797 | 21 | 83fc9ce8c28b7995840ddefe0ddcd20bc769c42f36ea7d9421ad2146c46084b6 | 1,710 | 399 |
In an era where most Greek traders were anonymous, Herodotus believed that Colaeus and Sostratus the Aeginetan were important enough to note. Colaeus was on a venture to Egypt when he was blown off course by a great storm through the Mediterranean and into the Atlantic by the Strait of Gibraltar as far as Tartessus, so... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colaeus | 4008789 | 2 | 87c387e6ef1e05d6d9b927b1d2970cca7c2bc196d46d5cd3051c458363b7a531 | 1,421 | 399 |
Meanwhile, Diane puts her half of The Woolpack up for sale and Gordon offers to buy it, which Aaron learns about and is vehemently against, and after he confronts his father, Gordon breaks up with Chas. Chas takes out a loan so she can buy Diane out. Thinking that this is Gordon's doing, Aaron accuses Chas of getting b... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chas%20Dingle | 4014645 | 17 | 3e32af425f6474ef861caa91ee650c162b95fc09148d49b353af55deb04959a3 | 1,885 | 399 |
The Economist has described Generation Z as a more educated, well-behaved, stressed and depressed generation in comparison to previous generations. In 2016, the Varkey Foundation and Populus conducted an international study examining the attitudes of over 20,000 people aged 15 to 21 in twenty countries: Argentina, Aust... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generation%20Z | 4015968 | 21 | 2c30b4e11ff410ac1a95ec8f9b40f1257a6084af753c35d778df0195f62fdaf2 | 1,748 | 398 |
During October 1466, Skanderbeg travelled to Italy to reach an agreement with Ferdinand of Naples and Pope Paul II over the provisions, which they would be willing to provide. As a result of the inter-Italian rivalries, the possibility of a crusade was abandoned. Since Paul was Venetian, Ferdinand was also worried that... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege%20of%20Kruj%C3%AB%20%281466%E2%80%931467%29 | 4016236 | 21 | cb1223bd31b698f4e98d0b5165e98d29a419a4c8eb227ab166df941f96ab149a | 1,895 | 397 |
The foundation of the ECAC Northeast was laid in 1971 when ECAC 2, the college division of the ECAC created a third conference called ECAC 3. When the NCAA created Division III in 1973 ECAC 3 was placed at that level and remained there for the rest of its existence. In 1985, as a result of the NCAA beginning a Division... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ECAC%20Northeast | 4020159 | 5 | bd2c6a2ca72c386d0509d550a723a273c895f2defe8c17ed4a7061e39f34aad1 | 1,725 | 396 |
If Sestak had been nominated to run against Toomey in 2016 it would have been the first rematch for a United States Senate seat in Pennsylvania history. But starting in early 2015 after he refused to hire a party-approved campaign manager and other designated staffers as well as Washington, D.C.-based political consult... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe%20Sestak | 4021200 | 91 | 845861937b6d0608818c1585b49caf9cb0b5863826c3b828a9588bf345771547 | 1,756 | 398 |
In 2012, rumors started that Andretti Autosport would expand to NASCAR's Sprint Cup Series competition in 2013. Jayski's Silly Season Site stated that Andretti Autosport would field a single-car team in the Cup Series in 2013 with Dodge as the manufacturer. Two days later, Dodge reported that there was no deal with And... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andretti%20Autosport | 4022528 | 24 | 23c5b5e1c4ec02106e5e4e00068849bbe3d634123ff7fccf47ab029ebce5e1fe | 1,703 | 396 |
For 1981, General Motors introduced the Chevrolet Kodiak and GMC TopKick (after-Chevrolet Series C Classic Six, Chevrolet Series H, Chevrolet Series F, Chevrolet Series FA, Chevrolet Series FB, Chevrolet Superior, Chevrolet Series AA Capitol, Chevrolet Series AB National, Chevrolet Series AC International, Chevrolet Se... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chevrolet%20Kodiak | 4027278 | 5 | 5426336f0b488e736bc9f6fa3edefc5d25983ed3605709dca1652903f9ed4f17 | 1,443 | 396 |
On 14 May 1881 Rudolph Karstadt opened his first store in Wismar under the name “Tuch-, Manufactur- und Confectionsgeschäft Karstadt”. Karstadt's strategy of offering fixed low prices in place of the still normal haggling was successful from the start as a result of which he had soon opened branches in 24 towns across ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karstadt | 4029804 | 7 | 899d41d29d1825730fa1174d9aa2f23ada159bad22822da811ac069263f6ef81 | 1,425 | 398 |
During the afternoon and evening of April 10, 1979, about 15 years after the City View twister, KFDX-TV provided complete coverage of an outbreak of tornadic thunderstorms that spawned several strong to violent tornadoes across northwest Texas and southwestern Oklahoma. That evening's coverage culminated with the openi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KFDX-TV | 4031561 | 24 | d1347df4a8d4664939f66ec6fb76cf27c1c6c5d3f418ed1db3cf5907e19fc7ee | 1,634 | 397 |
There are 21 gopurams (tower gateways), among which the towering Rajagopuram (shrine of the main gateway) is the tallest temple tower in Asia. The 13-tiered Rajagopuram had a base constructed around 1500 AD and later completed in 1987 by Ahobhila Matha, a historic Sri Vaishnava Hindu monastery. This tower dominates th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranganathaswamy%20Temple%2C%20Srirangam | 4033616 | 46 | 3d5f96fa0db5871c2cce1f34e5ca6083d5c800b0c9ec488a20324f16efeae2eb | 1,565 | 396 |
In 382, in response to requests by the kings of two Xiyu states—Xiumiduo () the King of Shanshan and Mitian () the King of Front Cheshi (roughly modern Turpan Prefecture, Xinjiang) -- Fu Jiān commissioned Lü Guang to lead an army of 100,000 infantry soldiers and 5,000 cavalry soldiers to Xiyu, with the intent to, like ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%BC%20Guang | 4036558 | 7 | d51a5ec66761d2835616b23272a03f11aba6f29f294b7cc741378e352c2c7cef | 1,587 | 396 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.