Natural Language Inference in Context -- Investigating Contextual Reasoning over Long Texts
Paper • 2011.04864 • Published
uid stringlengths 4 7 | premise stringlengths 19 9.21k | hypothesis stringlengths 13 488 | label stringclasses 3
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id_0 | 100 Years of the Western Workplace Conditions in the working environment of Western countries changed significantly over the 20th century. Though not without some associated problems, these changes may be viewed generally as positive: child labour all but ceased, wages rose, the number of working hours in a week decrea... | Improvements in medicine led to workers earning more over a longer period. | n |
id_1 | 100 Years of the Western Workplace Conditions in the working environment of Western countries changed significantly over the 20th century. Though not without some associated problems, these changes may be viewed generally as positive: child labour all but ceased, wages rose, the number of working hours in a week decrea... | In 1900, 19% of North American women of working age participated in the workforce. | c |
id_2 | 100 Years of the Western Workplace Conditions in the working environment of Western countries changed significantly over the 20th century. Though not without some associated problems, these changes may be viewed generally as positive: child labour all but ceased, wages rose, the number of working hours in a week decrea... | The appearance of shanty towns after farmers move into city areas occurred primarily in the Third World. | e |
id_3 | 100 Years of the Western Workplace Conditions in the working environment of Western countries changed significantly over the 20th century. Though not without some associated problems, these changes may be viewed generally as positive: child labour all but ceased, wages rose, the number of working hours in a week decrea... | America and Europe shared the same overall trends in terms of the development of the workplace over the last century. | n |
id_4 | 100 Years of the Western Workplace Conditions in the working environment of Western countries changed significantly over the 20th century. Though not without some associated problems, these changes may be viewed generally as positive: child labour all but ceased, wages rose, the number of working hours in a week decrea... | No significant drawbacks accompanied changes in the work environment during the 20th century. | c |
id_5 | A 13-year-old boy, Gareth Jones, was taken to Downston Police Station on Saturday 11 June under the suspicion of shoplifting in a local superstore. Gareth Jones denies all of the charges made against him. It is also known that: Gareth is an orphan. The store security officer has a grudge against Gareth because he is th... | The stores security officer had a motive for accusing Gareth of shoplifting. | e |
id_6 | A 13-year-old boy, Gareth Jones, was taken to Downston Police Station on Saturday 11 June under the suspicion of shoplifting in a local superstore. Gareth Jones denies all of the charges made against him. It is also known that: Gareth is an orphan. The store security officer has a grudge against Gareth because he is th... | Gareth ran away on leaving the store. Verbal logical reasoning test | n |
id_7 | A 13-year-old boy, Gareth Jones, was taken to Downston Police Station on Saturday 11 June under the suspicion of shoplifting in a local superstore. Gareth Jones denies all of the charges made against him. It is also known that: Gareth is an orphan. The store security officer has a grudge against Gareth because he is th... | Gareth had bought some goods at the store. | e |
id_8 | A 13-year-old boy, Gareth Jones, was taken to Downston Police Station on Saturday 11 June under the suspicion of shoplifting in a local superstore. Gareth Jones denies all of the charges made against him. It is also known that: Gareth is an orphan. The store security officer has a grudge against Gareth because he is th... | This was Gareths first offence. | c |
id_9 | A 13-year-old boy, Gareth Jones, was taken to Downston Police Station on Saturday 11 June under the suspicion of shoplifting in a local superstore. Gareth Jones denies all of the charges made against him. It is also known that: Gareth is an orphan. The store security officer has a grudge against Gareth because he is th... | The police rang Gareths mother to tell her where her son was. | c |
id_10 | A 19-year-old male was found unconscious in his flat on 28 December at 23.00. He was taken immediately to hospital where his stomach was pumped. Although he regained consciousness he died shortly afterwards. Neighbours recall seeing various young people going into the flat at all hours of the day and night. Other facts... | The neighbours took the victim to hospital. | n |
id_11 | A 19-year-old male was found unconscious in his flat on 28 December at 23.00. He was taken immediately to hospital where his stomach was pumped. Although he regained consciousness he died shortly afterwards. Neighbours recall seeing various young people going into the flat at all hours of the day and night. Other facts... | The victims child was in care. | n |
id_12 | A 19-year-old male was found unconscious in his flat on 28 December at 23.00. He was taken immediately to hospital where his stomach was pumped. Although he regained consciousness he died shortly afterwards. Neighbours recall seeing various young people going into the flat at all hours of the day and night. Other facts... | Peter died of an overdose of drugs. | n |
id_13 | A 19-year-old male was found unconscious in his flat on 28 December at 23.00. He was taken immediately to hospital where his stomach was pumped. Although he regained consciousness he died shortly afterwards. Neighbours recall seeing various young people going into the flat at all hours of the day and night. Other facts... | Neighbours may have seen Jo Hager enter the flat where the victim was found. | e |
id_14 | A 19-year-old male was found unconscious in his flat on 28 December at 23.00. He was taken immediately to hospital where his stomach was pumped. Although he regained consciousness he died shortly afterwards. Neighbours recall seeing various young people going into the flat at all hours of the day and night. Other facts... | The victim was homeless. | c |
id_15 | A 19-year-old male was found unconscious in his flat on 28 December at 23.00. He was taken immediately to hospital where his stomach was pumped. Although he regained consciousness he died shortly afterwards. Neighbours recall seeing various young people going into the flat at all hours of the day and night. The followi... | Jake died of an overdose of drugs. | n |
id_16 | A 19-year-old male was found unconscious in his flat on 28 December at 23.00. He was taken immediately to hospital where his stomach was pumped. Although he regained consciousness he died shortly afterwards. Neighbours recall seeing various young people going into the flat at all hours of the day and night. The followi... | The victims child was in care. | n |
id_17 | A 19-year-old male was found unconscious in his flat on 28 December at 23.00. He was taken immediately to hospital where his stomach was pumped. Although he regained consciousness he died shortly afterwards. Neighbours recall seeing various young people going into the flat at all hours of the day and night. The followi... | Neighbours may have seen Joe enter the flat where the victim was found. | e |
id_18 | A 19-year-old male was found unconscious in his flat on 28 December at 23.00. He was taken immediately to hospital where his stomach was pumped. Although he regained consciousness he died shortly afterwards. Neighbours recall seeing various young people going into the flat at all hours of the day and night. The followi... | The neighbours took the victim to hospital. | n |
id_19 | A 19-year-old male was found unconscious in his flat on 28 December at 23.00. He was taken immediately to hospital where his stomach was pumped. Although he regained consciousness he died shortly afterwards. Neighbours recall seeing various young people going into the flat at all hours of the day and night. The followi... | The victim was homeless. | c |
id_20 | A 37-year-old woman was hit and badly injured when a sports car suddenly swerved off the road in the small village of Paddly. She was rushed immediately to Crownsby hospital at 12.45 on Wednesday 3 October, where she is now in a stable condition. A reliable witness said there seemed to be no obvious reason for the car ... | Jane Scolled was an accountant. | n |
id_21 | A 37-year-old woman was hit and badly injured when a sports car suddenly swerved off the road in the small village of Paddly. She was rushed immediately to Crownsby hospital at 12.45 on Wednesday 3 October, where she is now in a stable condition. A reliable witness said there seemed to be no obvious reason for the car ... | While on her lunch break from work Jane Scolled was hit by a car. | c |
id_22 | A 37-year-old woman was hit and badly injured when a sports car suddenly swerved off the road in the small village of Paddly. She was rushed immediately to Crownsby hospital at 12.45 on Wednesday 3 October, where she is now in a stable condition. A reliable witness said there seemed to be no obvious reason for the car ... | Just after Janes accident a car had knocked a young cyclist off his bicycle. | n |
id_23 | A 37-year-old woman was hit and badly injured when a sports car suddenly swerved off the road in the small village of Paddly. She was rushed immediately to Crownsby hospital at 12.45 on Wednesday 3 October, where she is now in a stable condition. A reliable witness said there seemed to be no obvious reason for the car ... | Mr Sayerston was afraid of Janes father. | n |
id_24 | A 37-year-old woman was hit and badly injured when a sports car suddenly swerved off the road in the small village of Paddly. She was rushed immediately to Crownsby hospital at 12.45 on Wednesday 3 October, where she is now in a stable condition. A reliable witness said there seemed to be no obvious reason for the car ... | Crownsby hospital dealt with at least two road accident victims on Wednesday 3 October. | e |
id_25 | A 72-year-old widow was said to be comfortable but in a state of shock by a hospital spokesperson this morning. Mrs Susan Marsh suffered a head injury during the night when she disturbed an intruder who had broken into her ground floor flat on the Eastfield estate. This was the second time her home had been broken into... | Although the burglar escaped with a small amount of cash and some silverware he failed to detect the money she had hidden in her bedroom. | n |
id_26 | A 72-year-old widow was said to be comfortable but in a state of shock by a hospital spokesperson this morning. Mrs Susan Marsh suffered a head injury during the night when she disturbed an intruder who had broken into her ground floor flat on the Eastfield estate. This was the second time her home had been broken into... | The first break-in occurred when Mrs Marsh was out playing bingo and her neighbour was walking his dog. | c |
id_27 | A 72-year-old widow was said to be comfortable but in a state of shock by a hospital spokesperson this morning. Mrs Susan Marsh suffered a head injury during the night when she disturbed an intruder who had broken into her ground floor flat on the Eastfield estate. This was the second time her home had been broken into... | The intruder entered the flat by the same means on both occasions. | n |
id_28 | A 72-year-old widow was said to be comfortable but in a state of shock by a hospital spokesperson this morning. Mrs Susan Marsh suffered a head injury during the night when she disturbed an intruder who had broken into her ground floor flat on the Eastfield estate. This was the second time her home had been broken into... | After being unsuccessful at the first attempt to rob Mrs Marshs flat, the burglar broke in a second time. | n |
id_29 | A 72-year-old widow was said to be comfortable but in a state of shock by a hospital spokesperson this morning. Mrs Susan Marsh suffered a head injury during the night when she disturbed an intruder who had broken into her ground floor flat on the Eastfield estate. This was the second time her home had been broken into... | On being wakened during the night Mrs Marsh went downstairs to investigate what had caused the noise. | c |
id_30 | A Book Review Dog Will Have His Day by Fred Vargas This is another crime thriller from the prize-winning novelist Fred Vargas. Despite the misleading first name and Spanish surname, the author is actually a French woman Frederique Audoin-Rouzeau. She adopted her nom de plume from the Ava Gardner character, the Spanish ... | The Three Evangelists is Vargas best-selling novel. | n |
id_31 | A Book Review Dog Will Have His Day by Fred Vargas This is another crime thriller from the prize-winning novelist Fred Vargas. Despite the misleading first name and Spanish surname, the author is actually a French woman Frederique Audoin-Rouzeau. She adopted her nom de plume from the Ava Gardner character, the Spanish ... | Detailed descriptions are only useful to the reader when they develop the storyline. | e |
id_32 | A Book Review Dog Will Have His Day by Fred Vargas This is another crime thriller from the prize-winning novelist Fred Vargas. Despite the misleading first name and Spanish surname, the author is actually a French woman Frederique Audoin-Rouzeau. She adopted her nom de plume from the Ava Gardner character, the Spanish ... | Vargas style of writing is typical of crime fiction. | c |
id_33 | A Book Review Dog Will Have His Day by Fred Vargas This is another crime thriller from the prize-winning novelist Fred Vargas. Despite the misleading first name and Spanish surname, the author is actually a French woman Frederique Audoin-Rouzeau. She adopted her nom de plume from the Ava Gardner character, the Spanish ... | The style has much in common with Scandinavian crime novels. | c |
id_34 | A British surgeon has invented a new device that kills pain without the use of drugs. The gadget, which aims to reduce knee pain and the need for operations, is said to block the pain signal as the spinal cord is unable to carry both the pain and the vibration at the same time. This technique, using vibration to block ... | In the American civil war the technology to specifically kill knee pain by the use of vibrations first invented | c |
id_35 | A Coal is expected to continue to account for almost 27 per cent of the worlds enersy needs. However, with growins international awareness of pressures on the environment and the need to achieve sustainable development of enersy resources, the way in which the resource is extracted, transported and used is critical. wi... | The greatest threats to the environment are the gases produced by industries which support the high standard of living of a growing world population. | e |
id_36 | A Coal is expected to continue to account for almost 27 per cent of the worlds enersy needs. However, with growins international awareness of pressures on the environment and the need to achieve sustainable development of enersy resources, the way in which the resource is extracted, transported and used is critical. wi... | The coal industry should be abandoned in favour of alternative energy sources because of the environmental damage it causes. | c |
id_37 | A Coal is expected to continue to account for almost 27 per cent of the worlds enersy needs. However, with growins international awareness of pressures on the environment and the need to achieve sustainable development of enersy resources, the way in which the resource is extracted, transported and used is critical. wi... | CFC emissions have been substantially reduced in recent years. | n |
id_38 | A Coal is expected to continue to account for almost 27 per cent of the worlds enersy needs. However, with growins international awareness of pressures on the environment and the need to achieve sustainable development of enersy resources, the way in which the resource is extracted, transported and used is critical. wi... | World population in the twenty-first century will probably exceed 8 billion. | e |
id_39 | A Disaster of Titanic Proportions At 11:39 p. m. on the evening of Sunday, 14 April 1912, lookouts Frederick Fleet and Reginald Lee on the forward mast of the Titanic sighted an eerie, black mass coming into view directly in front of the ship. Fleet picked up the phone to the helm, waited for Sixth Officer Moody to ans... | Philips missed notification about the ice from Evans because the Titanics wireless system was not functioning at the time. | c |
id_40 | A Disaster of Titanic Proportions At 11:39 p. m. on the evening of Sunday, 14 April 1912, lookouts Frederick Fleet and Reginald Lee on the forward mast of the Titanic sighted an eerie, black mass coming into view directly in front of the ship. Fleet picked up the phone to the helm, waited for Sixth Officer Moody to ans... | Howell believed the captains failure to reduce speed was an irresponsible action. | c |
id_41 | A Disaster of Titanic Proportions At 11:39 p. m. on the evening of Sunday, 14 April 1912, lookouts Frederick Fleet and Reginald Lee on the forward mast of the Titanic sighted an eerie, black mass coming into view directly in front of the ship. Fleet picked up the phone to the helm, waited for Sixth Officer Moody to ans... | A lifeboat drill would have saved more lives. | n |
id_42 | A Disaster of Titanic Proportions At 11:39 p. m. on the evening of Sunday, 14 April 1912, lookouts Frederick Fleet and Reginald Lee on the forward mast of the Titanic sighted an eerie, black mass coming into view directly in front of the ship. Fleet picked up the phone to the helm, waited for Sixth Officer Moody to ans... | Captain Smith knew there was ice in the area. | e |
id_43 | A Disaster of Titanic Proportions At 11:39 p. m. on the evening of Sunday, 14 April 1912, lookouts Frederick Fleet and Reginald Lee on the forward mast of the Titanic sighted an eerie, black mass coming into view directly in front of the ship. Fleet picked up the phone to the helm, waited for Sixth Officer Moody to ans... | The Titanic was able to seat more passengers in lifeboats than the Board of Trade required. | e |
id_44 | A Disaster of Titanic Proportions At 11:39 p. m. on the evening of Sunday, 14 April 1912, lookouts Frederick Fleet and Reginald Lee on the forward mast of the Titanic sighted an eerie, black mass coming into view directly in front of the ship. Fleet picked up the phone to the helm, waited for Sixth Officer Moody to ans... | The binoculars for the men on watch had been left in a crew locker in Southampton. | c |
id_45 | A Disaster of Titanic Proportions At 11:39 p. m. on the evening of Sunday, 14 April 1912, lookouts Frederick Fleet and Reginald Lee on the forward mast of the Titanic sighted an eerie, black mass coming into view directly in front of the ship. Fleet picked up the phone to the helm, waited for Sixth Officer Moody to ans... | The missing binoculars were the major factor leading to the collision with the iceberg. | n |
id_46 | A European spacecraft took off today to spearhead the search for another "Earth" among the stars. The Corot space telescope blasted off aboard a Russian Soyuz rocket from the Baikonur cosmodrome in Kazakhstan shortly after 2.20pm. Corot, short for convection rotation and planetary transits, is the first instrument capa... | Corot can tell whether there is another Earth-like planet. | c |
id_47 | A European spacecraft took off today to spearhead the search for another "Earth" among the stars. The Corot space telescope blasted off aboard a Russian Soyuz rocket from the Baikonur cosmodrome in Kazakhstan shortly after 2.20pm. Corot, short for convection rotation and planetary transits, is the first instrument capa... | Passing objects might cause a fall in light. | e |
id_48 | A European spacecraft took off today to spearhead the search for another "Earth" among the stars. The Corot space telescope blasted off aboard a Russian Soyuz rocket from the Baikonur cosmodrome in Kazakhstan shortly after 2.20pm. Corot, short for convection rotation and planetary transits, is the first instrument capa... | BBC Radio 4 recently focuses on the broadcasting of Corot. | n |
id_49 | A European spacecraft took off today to spearhead the search for another "Earth" among the stars. The Corot space telescope blasted off aboard a Russian Soyuz rocket from the Baikonur cosmodrome in Kazakhstan shortly after 2.20pm. Corot, short for convection rotation and planetary transits, is the first instrument capa... | Scientists are trying to find out about the planets that can be inhabited. | e |
id_50 | A History of Bread Although bread is not a staple food in all countries around the world, it is in many and in others it is of great importance. As an example, the UK bakery market is worth 3.6 billion annually and is one of the largest markets in the food industry. Total volume at present is approximately just under 4... | Pasteurs work in the 19th century allowed bread to be manufactured more cheaply. | n |
id_51 | A History of Bread Although bread is not a staple food in all countries around the world, it is in many and in others it is of great importance. As an example, the UK bakery market is worth 3.6 billion annually and is one of the largest markets in the food industry. Total volume at present is approximately just under 4... | The Romans were responsible for one of todays favoured types of bread. | e |
id_52 | A History of Bread Although bread is not a staple food in all countries around the world, it is in many and in others it is of great importance. As an example, the UK bakery market is worth 3.6 billion annually and is one of the largest markets in the food industry. Total volume at present is approximately just under 4... | The first leavening effects were done accidentally. | e |
id_53 | A History of Bread Although bread is not a staple food in all countries around the world, it is in many and in others it is of great importance. As an example, the UK bakery market is worth 3.6 billion annually and is one of the largest markets in the food industry. Total volume at present is approximately just under 4... | Few mainland European countries today favour the craft style bread made by independent bakeries. | c |
id_54 | A History of Fingerprinting To detectives, the answers lie at the end of our fingers. Fingerprinting offers an accurate and infallible means of personal identification. The ability to identify a person from a mere fingerprint is a powerful tool in the fight against crime. It is the most commonly used forensic evidence,... | The ridges and patterns that make up fingerprints develop before birth. | e |
id_55 | A History of Fingerprinting To detectives, the answers lie at the end of our fingers. Fingerprinting offers an accurate and infallible means of personal identification. The ability to identify a person from a mere fingerprint is a powerful tool in the fight against crime. It is the most commonly used forensic evidence,... | Fingerprinting is the only effective method for identifying criminals. | c |
id_56 | A History of Fingerprinting To detectives, the answers lie at the end of our fingers. Fingerprinting offers an accurate and infallible means of personal identification. The ability to identify a person from a mere fingerprint is a powerful tool in the fight against crime. It is the most commonly used forensic evidence,... | Malpighi conducted his studies in Italy. | n |
id_57 | A History of Fingerprinting To detectives, the answers lie at the end of our fingers. Fingerprinting offers an accurate and infallible means of personal identification. The ability to identify a person from a mere fingerprint is a powerful tool in the fight against crime. It is the most commonly used forensic evidence,... | Roman soldiers were tattooed to prevent them from committing violent crimes. | c |
id_58 | A History of Fingerprinting To detectives, the answers lie at the end of our fingers. Fingerprinting offers an accurate and infallible means of personal identification. The ability to identify a person from a mere fingerprint is a powerful tool in the fight against crime. It is the most commonly used forensic evidence,... | Fingerprint chemistry can identify if a fingerprint belongs to an elderly person. | e |
id_59 | A History of the Watch A The earliest dated evidence of a timepiece is a fragment of a Chinese sundial from circa 1500 BC. Which suggests there were rudimentary attempts to keep time during this period. Later wealth Romans were known to carry around pocket-sized sundials, though these cannot be regarded as predecessors... | Friction was used in early watches to help with accuracy. | c |
End of preview. Expand in Data Studio
ConTRoL dataset
This dataset is published under this paper: Natural Language Inference in Context - Investigating Contextual Reasoning over Long Texts
To use this dataset, please cite
@article{Liu_Cui_Liu_Zhang_2021,
title={Natural Language Inference in Context - Investigating Contextual Reasoning over Long Texts},
volume={35},
url={https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/AAAI/article/view/17580},
DOI={10.1609/aaai.v35i15.17580},
number={15},
journal={Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
author={Liu, Hanmeng and Cui, Leyang and Liu, Jian and Zhang, Yue},
year={2021},
month={May},
pages={13388-13396}
}
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