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time
timestamp[us, tz=UTC]date
2023-01-01 00:00:00
2025-12-31 00:00:00
x_geo
float64
-1,579,835.29
1.58M
y_geo
float64
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1.58M
z_geo
float64
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600k
lat_geo
float64
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69.1
lon_geo
float64
0
360
x_gse
float64
-179,640.74
1.58M
y_gse
float64
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266k
z_gse
float64
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192k
lat_gse
float64
-75.06
75.1
lon_gse
float64
0
360
2023-01-01T00:00:00
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2023-01-01T00:12:00
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2023-01-01T00:24:00
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2023-01-01T00:36:00
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2023-01-01T00:48:00
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2023-01-01T01:00:00
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2023-01-01T01:12:00
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2023-01-01T01:24:00
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2023-01-01T01:36:00
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2023-01-01T01:48:00
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2023-01-01T02:00:00
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2023-01-01T02:24:00
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2023-01-01T02:36:00
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2023-01-01T02:48:00
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2023-01-01T03:00:00
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2023-01-01T03:12:00
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2023-01-01T03:24:00
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2023-01-01T03:48:00
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2023-01-01T04:24:00
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2023-01-01T05:00:00
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2023-01-01T05:24:00
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2023-01-01T05:36:00
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2023-01-01T05:48:00
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2023-01-01T06:00:00
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2023-01-01T06:12:00
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2023-01-01T06:24:00
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2023-01-01T06:36:00
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2023-01-01T06:48:00
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2023-01-01T07:00:00
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2023-01-01T07:12:00
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2023-01-01T07:24:00
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2023-01-01T07:36:00
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2023-01-01T07:48:00
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2023-01-01T08:00:00
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2023-01-01T08:12:00
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2023-01-01T08:24:00
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2023-01-01T08:36:00
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2023-01-01T08:48:00
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2023-01-01T09:00:00
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2023-01-01T09:12:00
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2023-01-01T09:24:00
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2023-01-01T09:36:00
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2023-01-01T09:48:00
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2023-01-01T10:00:00
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2023-01-01T10:12:00
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2023-01-01T10:24:00
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2023-01-01T10:36:00
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2023-01-01T10:48:00
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2023-01-01T11:00:00
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2023-01-01T11:12:00
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2023-01-01T11:24:00
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2023-01-01T11:36:00
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2023-01-01T11:48:00
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2023-01-01T12:00:00
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2023-01-01T12:12:00
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2023-01-01T12:24:00
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2023-01-01T12:36:00
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2023-01-01T12:48:00
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2023-01-01T13:00:00
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2023-01-01T13:12:00
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2023-01-01T13:24:00
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2023-01-01T13:36:00
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2023-01-01T13:48:00
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2023-01-01T14:00:00
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2023-01-01T14:12:00
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2023-01-01T14:24:00
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2023-01-01T14:36:00
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2023-01-01T14:48:00
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2023-01-01T15:00:00
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2023-01-01T15:12:00
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2023-01-01T15:24:00
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2023-01-01T15:36:00
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Orbital Chaos — NASA SSC Spacecraft Position Dataset

4.8 million spacecraft position records paired with solar wind measurements, covering 2023–2025 at 1-minute resolution. Built to support machine learning research on orbital prediction under varying space weather conditions.

Dataset Contents

Spacecraft Orbit Type Records Purpose
ISS LEO ~408 km 1.58M Primary prediction target
DSCOVR L1 Lagrange 131K Solar wind leading indicator
MMS-1 Highly elliptical 1.54M Magnetosphere reference

Features

Orbital: XYZ position (km), velocity components, altitude, orbital period

Solar Wind (OMNI Database):

  • Interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) Bx, By, Bz components
  • Solar wind flow speed and proton density
  • Kp geomagnetic index
  • Dst index (storm intensity measure)

Key: Solar wind measured at L1 arrives at Earth ~45 minutes later — providing a natural leading indicator for atmospheric drag perturbations.

Why This Dataset

Standard orbital propagation tools (SGP4) use static atmospheric models that fail during geomagnetic storms. When the Sun fires a coronal mass ejection, the upper atmosphere heats and expands — creating extra drag that SGP4 cannot predict. During the severe May 2024 storm (Dst = -406 nT), prediction errors spiked significantly across all standard tools.

This dataset enables training models that learn the relationship between upstream solar wind conditions and resulting orbital perturbations.

Data Sources

  • Spacecraft positions: NASA Satellite Situation Center (SSC) Web Services
  • Solar wind: OMNI High Resolution Data (NASA/GSFC)
  • Format: Parquet, compatible with HuggingFace Datasets, Dask, Polars

Usage

from datasets import load_dataset

ds = load_dataset("datamatters24/orbital-chaos-nasa-ssc")
iss_data = ds.filter(lambda x: x["spacecraft"] == "ISS")
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