danish-foundation-models/swedish-dynaword

🧨 Swedish Dynaword

Version	0.0.2 (Changelog)
Language	Swedish (sv, swe)
License	Openly Licensed, See the respective dataset
Models	Currently there is no models trained on this dataset
Contact	If you have question about this project please create an issue here

Dataset Description

• Number of samples: 2.63K
• Number of tokens (Llama 3): 18.43M
• Average document length in tokens (min, max): 7.01K (21, 80.24K)

Dataset Summary

The Swedish dynaword is a collection of Swedish free-form text datasets from various domains. All of the datasets in the Swedish Dynaword are openly licensed and deemed permissible for training large language models.

Swedish dynaword is continually developed, which means that the dataset will actively be updated as new datasets become available. If you would like to contribute a dataset see the contribute section.

Loading the dataset

from datasets import load_dataset

name = "danish-foundation-models/swedish-dynaword"
ds = load_dataset(name, split = "train")
sample = ds[1] # see "Data Instances" below

or load it by streaming the data

ds = load_dataset(name, split = "train", streaming=True)
dataset_iter = iter(ds)
sample = next(iter(dataset_iter))

You can also load a single subset at a time:

ds = load_dataset(name, "lag1800", split = "train")

As Swedish dynaword is continually expanding and curated you can make sure that you get the same dataset every time by specifying the revision: You can also load a single subset at a time:

ds = load_dataset(name, revision="{desired revision}")

Languages

This dataset includes the following languages:

• Swedish (swe-Latn)

In addition it likely contains small amounts of English due to code-switching and Scandinavian languages due to language misclassificaitons due to their similarity.

Language is denoted using BCP-47, using the langauge code ISO 639-3 and the script code ISO 15924.

Language	Sources	N. Tokens
sv	dalpilen-1860, lag1800	18.43M
Total		18.43M

Domains

This dynaword consist of data from various domains (e.g., legal, books, social media). The following table and figure give an overview of the relative distributions of these domains. To see a full overview of the source check out the source data section

Domain	Sources	N. Tokens
News	dalpilen-1860	17.51M
Legal	lag1800	921.60K
Total		18.43M

Licensing

The following gives an overview of the licensing in the Dynaword. To get the exact license of the individual datasets check out the overview table. These license is applied to the constituent data, i.e., the text. The collection of datasets (metadata, quality control, etc.) is licensed under CC-0.

License	Sources	N. Tokens
CC-BY 4.0	dalpilen-1860, lag1800	18.43M
Total		18.43M

Dataset Structure

The dataset contains text from different sources which are thoroughly defined in Source Data.

Data Instances

Each entry in the dataset consists of a single text with associated metadata

{
  "id": "lag1800_0001",
  "text": "Författningssamling 1800 Låssa kyrkas arkiv\nSvensk författningssamling 1800 Författningssamling för [...]",
  "source": "lag1800",
  "added": "2026-04-10",
  "created": "1800-01-01, 1800-12-31",
  "token_count": 19244
}

Data Fields

An entry in the dataset consists of the following fields:

• id (str): A unique identifier for each document.
• text (str): The content of the document.
• source (str): The source of the document (see Source Data).
• added (str): The date when the document was added to this collection.
• created (str): The date range when the document was originally created.
• token_count (int): The number of tokens in the sample computed using the Llama 3 tokenizer.

Data Splits

The entire corpus is provided in the train split.

Dataset Creation

Curation Rationale

These datasets were collected and curated with the intention of making openly licensed Swedish data available. While this was collected with the intention of developing language models it is likely to have multiple other uses such as examining language development and differences across domains.

Annotations

This data generally contains no annotation besides the metadata attached to each sample such as what domain it belongs to.

Source Data

Below follows a brief overview of the sources in the corpus along with their individual license. To get more information about the individual dataset click the hyperlink in the table.

Overview Table (click to unfold)

You can learn more about each dataset by pressing the link in the first column.

Source	Description	Domain	N. Tokens	License
dalpilen-1860	Historical Swedish newspaper issues from Språkbanken Text's Dalpilen 1860's	News	17.51M	CC-BY 4.0
lag1800	Historical Swedish legal texts from Språkbanken Text's Laws from the 1800's	Legal	921.60K	CC-BY 4.0
Total			18.43M

Data Collection and Processing

This dynaword is continually developed, which means that the dataset will actively be updated as new datasets become available. This means that the size of Dynaword increases over time as seen in the following plot:

The data collection and processing varies depending on the dataset and is documentationed the individual datasheets, which is linked in the above table. If possible the collection is documented both in the datasheet and in the reproducible script (data/{dataset}/create.py).

In addition to data specific processing we also run a series automated quality checks to ensure formatting (e.g. ensuring correctly formatted columns and unique IDs), quality checks (e.g. duplicate and empty string detection) and datasheet documentation checks. These checks are there to ensure a high quality of documentation and a minimal level of quality. To allow for the development of novel cleaning methodologies we do not provide more extensive cleaning.

Dataset Statistics

The following plot(s) are intended to give an overview of docuements length in the various sources.

Contributing to the dataset

We welcome contributions to the dataset, including new sources, improved data filtering, and other enhancements. To get started on contributing, please see the contribution guidelines

Citation Information

If you use this work, please cite the scientific article introducing the Dynaword approach and with the swedish gigaword which provides large parts of the datasets:

Enevoldsen, K.C., Jensen, K.N., Kostkan, J., Szab'o, B.I., Kardos, M., Vad, K., Heinsen, J., N'unez, A.B., Barmina, G., Nielsen, J., Larsen, R., Vahlstrup, P.B., Dalum, P.M., Elliott, D., Galke, L., Schneider-Kamp, P., & Nielbo, K.L. (2025). Dynaword: From One-shot to Continuously Developed Datasets.

Rødven-Eide, Stian (2016). The Swedish Culturomics Gigaword Corpus (updated: 2016-06-07). [Data set]. Språkbanken Text. https://doi.org/10.23695/3wmv-1z09

@article{enevoldsen2025dynaword,
  title={Dynaword: From One-shot to Continuously Developed Datasets},
  author={Enevoldsen, Kenneth and Jensen, Kristian N{\o}rgaard and Kostkan, Jan and Szab{\'o}, Bal{\'a}zs and Kardos, M{\'a}rton and Vad, Kirten and N{\'u}{\~n}ez, Andrea Blasi and Barmina, Gianluca and Nielsen, Jacob and Larsen, Rasmus and others},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2508.02271},
  year={2025}
}
@misc{gigaword,
  doi = {10.23695/3wmv-1z09},
  url = {https://spraakbanken.gu.se/resurser/gigaword},
  author = {Rødven-Eide, Stian},
  keywords = {Language Technology (Computational Linguistics)},
  language = {swe},
  title = {The Swedish Culturomics Gigaword Corpus},
  publisher = {Språkbanken Text},
  year = {2016}
}

Additionally, we recommend citing the relevant source datasets as well. See the individual datasheets for more information.

License information

The license for each constituent dataset is supplied in the Source data table. This license is applied to the constituent data, i.e., the text. The collection of datasets (metadata, quality control, etc.) is licensed under CC-0.

Personal and Sensitive Information

As far as we are aware the dataset does not contain information identifying sexual orientation, political beliefs, religion, or health connected along with a personal identifier of any non-public or non-historic figures.

Bias, Risks, and Limitations

Certain works in this collection are historical works and thus reflect the linguistic, cultural, and ideological norms of their time. As such, it includes perspectives, assumptions, and biases characteristic of the period, which may be considered offensive or exclusionary by contemporary standards.

Notice and takedown policy

We redistribute files shared with us under a license permitting such redistribution. If you have concerns about the licensing of these files, please contact us. If you consider that the data contains material that infringe your copyright, please:

• Clearly identify yourself with detailed contact information such as an address, a telephone number, or an email address at which you can be contacted.
• Clearly reference the original work claimed to be infringed
• Clearly identify the material claimed to be infringing and information reasonably sufficient to allow us to locate the material. You can contact us through this channel. We will comply with legitimate requests by removing the affected sources from the next release of the corpus

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A Danish Foundation Models dataset