Pre-training Dataset Samples
Collection
A collection of pre-training datasets samples of sizes 10M, 100M and 1B tokens. Ideal for use in quick experimentation and ablations. • 15 items • Updated • 18
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Not Just for Kids
The Hunt for Falling Leaves...
Nature's Color on the Ground
by Mary Catherine Ball
Being a reporter, I am always looking for an adventure. Last week, I found one.
I left work to go on a simple journey, but it turned out to be much more.
First, I crossed a mud-ridden stream. Then, I came face to face w... |
Since 1993, RAN’s Protect-an-Acre program (PAA) has distributed more than one million dollars in grants to more than 150 frontline communities, Indigenous-led organizations, and allies, helping their efforts to secure protection for millions of acres of traditional territory in forests around the world.
Rainforest Acti... |
An EV’s speed controller is the equivalent of the carburetor or fuel-injection system in an ICE vehicle. To control the vehicle’s speed, the controller takes the energy from the battery pack and feeds it to the motor in a regulated manner. Modern controllers do this by pulse-width modulation, taking the full voltage fr... |
Products marketed for infants or billed as "microwave safe" release toxic doses of the chemical bisphenol A when heated, an analysis by the Journal Sentinel has found.
The newspaper had the containers of 10 items tested in a lab - products that were heated in a microwave or conventional oven. Bisphenol A, or BPA, was f... |
Recommended Grade Levels: 7-12+
Tips for using the site with students
Before using this activity in class (or at home with your kids), go through the activity once to make sure it works correctly on your computer(s). This activity is recommended for broadband internet access - expect load times between 15 seconds and 1... |
||This article needs additional citations for verification. (August 2009)|
In spaceflight, a launch vehicle or carrier rocket is a rocket used to carry a payload from the Earth's surface into outer space. A launch system includes the launch vehicle, the launch pad and other infrastructure. Usually the payload is an art... |
As the city of Baghdad grew, it developed a reputation for learning and research. Scholars from all across the Islamic world were attracted to Baghdad, quickly turning it into an intellectual hub. This was no surprise because Islam puts so much emphasis on acquiring knowledge.
In fact, the very first verses revealed to... |
- What is race? Is race a biological fact, or is it a historical construct?
- Does everyone belong to a race? How does one know?
- If there is such a thing as “mixed race,” is there a “pure race”?
- In what ways is the concept of race like, or unlike, the concept of “breed”?
- How is diversity of race related to divers... |
The simplest definition of biotechnology is "applied biology." The application of biological knowledge and techniques to develop products. It may be further defined as the use of living organisms to make a product or run a process. By this definition, the classic techniques used for plant and animal breeding, fermentat... |
Treasures of the Deep
Summary:With higher log values, interest is growing in BC in salvaging `sinkers' and standing trees in man-made lakes created years ago by hydro dam construction.
By Reg Barclay
A barge with a grapple-equipped crane floats quietly on the placid waters of the lake, which reflects the greens and blu... |
Volunteering For A Clinical Trial
Every year, millions of people volunteer to take part in clinical trials. For some, it is an opportunity to help advance medical research. For others, it is a chance to gain access to latest potential treatment. For everyone, however, it is a very personal decision and one that require... |
Yakko: a manservant to a samurai.
Yakusha-e (Actor pictures): painting or print of an actor.
Yoko-e (Horizontal picture; also called yoko-ban): prints with a horizontal format.
Yokohama: a port near Edo, opened to foreigners in 1859.
Yokohama-e (Yokohama pictures): late style of ukiyo-e which was popular between 1860 a... |
By Mahdi Al-Kaisi, Department of Agronomy; Mark Hanna, Department of Agricultural and Biosystem Engineering; Mark Licht, Extension Field Agronomist
Normally early spring soil moisture is a challenge when the soil profile is fully charged. Depending on the amount of snow we receive and duration of winter, there is a ten... |
Osteopathy uses ‘hands-on’ techniques to influence the way the body works. By manipulating the muscles, tendons, joints, connective tissue and ligaments, treatment can provide relief to the musculoskeletal system, the nervous system, and also the circulatory, respiratory and immune systems of the body. In this way, it ... |
DNA of extinct frog revived
Washington, March 18, 2013
First Published: 20:06 IST(18/3/2013)
Last Updated: 20:10 IST(18/3/2013)
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A team of scientists has revived and reactivated the genome of an extinct Australian frog.
They used sophisticated cloning technology to implant a dead cell nucleus in... |
Keep friends, family and yourself safe during grilling season by following these food safe tips.
Use an instant-read thermometer to check if meat is finished rather than cutting into it as the natural juices will escape.
Cook food thoroughly — cooking times and temperatures vary for different meat and poultry.
Whole po... |
There's a new reason to worry about the security of your Social Security number. Turns out, they can be guessed with relative ease.
A group of researchers at Carnegie-Mellon University say they've discovered patterns in the issuance of numbers that make it relatively easy to deduce the personal information using public... |
This information is addition information and a shorter version of my previous article called The Moors Of Early Jamaica. Some of our history is hidden in names, titles, tags such as Blackamoors, the word Moor spelled in many variations, Free Negros/Blacks/Colored, Black Indians, the 1828 Webster definition of American,... |
Respect Your Children and Yourself
It's a Good Idea!
The fact that children are little, seemingly-irrational, and inexperienced shouldn't be held against them. Children should be held against you—gently.
It's a Good Idea!
Respect your child's challenges! Children test you to see how far they can go. It's not that they ... |
LONDON (Reuters) - People should be cautious about taking vitamin E supplements regularly because doing so can increase the risk of a certain type of stroke, an international team of scientists said on Friday.
Researchers from the United States, France and Germany reviewed existing studies of vitamin E and its effect o... |
Make Clay Letters
What you need:
What you do:
1. Write a few letters of the alphabet on a piece of paper, at least three inches tall.
2. Roll lumps of clay into long, thin pieces.
3. Help your child form the strips of clay into letters, using the written letters as a guide.
Why it works:
Your child becomes familiar wit... |
Kids Crafts Easter Bonnets
Kids crafts Easter bonnets are so much fun to make. Once they are done you can attend the Easter parade, bonnet and all.
- White glue (PVA)
- Pair of scissors
- Crepe or tissue paper in different colors (including green)
- Thin garden wire
- Cotton wool balls
- Sticky tape
- Cut a circle out ... |
Reports on 'gay' animal research criticised
Talking sex The media's coverage of scientific research into same-sex animal behaviour promotes negative stereotypes of gay and lesbians, say researchers.
"People who identify with these minority groups in a human population see themselves presented for titillation, humour an... |
Looking at this contribution margin example, we'll develop a contribution margin income statement to demonstrate the effect of the contribution margin and break-even point on the income statement:
Here is the example:
Break-even point in units = Fixed Expenses/Price - Variable Expenses
Break-even point = $60,000/$2.00 ... |
Rabbits are really popular pets in the UK, second only to cats and dogs, and they can make great companions. However, despite peoples best efforts their needs are often misunderstood and rather than being treated as the intelligent, social animal they are, many are condemned to a life of loneliness and boredom in a cag... |
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Re: "Dinosaurs Died Within Hours After Asteroid Hit Earth..."
> And - they had FEATHERS, which turned out to be
> remarkably good insulation against cold - think of
> birds huddling together in a burrow, and you get ... |
Michigan has had great success reintroducing two large mammals to the state. The eastern elk, once common in Michigan, had disappeared from the state by 1875. In 1918, state officials relocated seven Rocky Mountain elk to Cheboygan County in the northeastern Lower Peninsula. Today, nearly 900 Rocky Mountain elk roam th... |
Center for Remote Sensing
Earth & Marine Science Bldg.
Santa Cruz, CA 95064
Maps & Directions
Other UCSC Links:
©2005 UC Santa Cruz. Last reviewed
by the CRS webmaster.
FOCUS ON RESEARCH
Remote sensing of the Earth and other Planetary surfaces is a rapidly growing science that cuts across a wide range of disciplines, i... |
No. 1. Used for choice roasts, the porterhouse and sirloin steaks.
No. 2. Rump, used for steaks, stews and corned beef.
No. 3. Aitch-bone, used for boiling-pieces, stews and pot roasts.
No. 4. Buttock or round, used for steaks, pot roasts, beef a la mode; also a prime boiling-piece.
No. 5. Mouse-round, used for boiling... |
The GED test is designed to measure critical thinking skills in five areas.Typically, the test is given over three nights or, if offered during the day, two days. The test covers:
Language Arts Writing: Part I is multiple choice questions regarding grammar and writing. (50 questions 75 minutes) Part II is writing an es... |
Places to Avoid Planting Trees and Shrubs
Planting the right trees and shrubs in the right place is not just an aesthetic strategy. It promotes safety and prevents damage to the plants, nearby buildings and utilities, and relations with the people who live next door.
Anticipate the consequences of poorly placed plants ... |
Violence pervades the lives of many people around the world, and touches all of us in some way. To many people, staying out of harm’s way is a matter of locking doors and windows and avoiding dangerous places. To others, escape is not possible. The threat of violence is behind those doors – well hidden from public view... |
Village Tribes of the Desert Land
By Edward S. Curtis
Illustrations from Photographs by the Author
In former articles in Scribner's s Magazine I have pictured the Apache and their linguistic kin, the Navajo; the Indians of the Northern Plains; the community-dwelling Indians in stone houses, the descendants of the cliff... |
Syrian Woodpecker (Dendrocopos syriacus) - Wiki
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
[Photo] Syrian Woodpecker (Dendrocopos syriacus). Picture taken by Ofer Faigon, 18-December-2005, French Hill, Jerusalem, Israel.
The Syrian Woodpecker (Dendrocopos syriacus) is a member of the woodpecker family, the Picidae.
The Syri... |
What's The Difference
Even after reaching dry land, Yonah does not verbally acknowledge that he
had received a Divine command; neither does he set off on his mission.
Hashem speaks to Yonah again… but why was that necessary? Now that Yonah
humbled himself in the belly of the fish, should he not simply fulfill the origi... |
The site of a Medieval fortress in Svätý Jur, outside Bratislava, Slovakia, was researched by archaeologists who uncovered artefacts of one of the most important Slavic castles in the region.
The site with the remains of the earthworks is situated on the mountain ridge of the Little Carpathians above Svätý Jur, at a he... |
Homonyms are words that have the same spelling but different meanings. “I’m sorry” is what I dub a homonym phrase because there are, based on my observations of the world, four major ways this phrase is used.
- The repentant sorry in which the speaker realizes she has done something to hurt someone, intentionally or no... |
By Maria Depenweiller, P.H.Ec.
Here is something to ponder the next time you are sorting out your laundry, one of probably the most unappreciated household chores.
Ancient Roman Laundry
As we know, almost everything new is well forgotten old. This is particularly true in the case of ancient Roman laundry. With their we... |
How it works
Recirculation cooker hoods draw in cooking vapours, filtering the air through a charcoal filter and then re-circulating the cleaned air back into the kitchen, leaving it free from cooking odours.
Keep your kitchen fresh
The carbon filtration process ensures air purification and a pleasant cooking environme... |
Digital cameras remote controls are used to release the shutter on a camera rather than the photographer pressing the shutter button. There are two types of digital camera remote controls: cable or wireless systems.
To eliminate camera shake, remotes are used along with a tripod or other camera support.
Basic remote co... |
Every year over 300,000 cataract operations are performed in the UK, making the surgery the most common surgical procedure in Britain today. Although cataracts can affect people of any age, it is in later life that many of us will develop the condition. This guide will explore the essential facts about cataracts, helpi... |
A Clip from The China Study, by T.Colin Campbell
“…These studies document the fact that vegetarians consume the same amount or even significantly more calories than their meat-eating counterparts, and yet are still slimmer. The China Study demonstrated that rural Chinese consuming a plant-based diet actually consume si... |
Putting Down Roots
Gardening Insights from Wisconsin's Early Settlers
Walk into a garden and you can find more than tomatoes heavy on the vine, trellises filled with green beans, and rows of flowers meant to please the eye and occasionally the palate. History and culture are planted there. This is the premise of Puttin... |
New condition but for diagonal corner crease on rear cover.
An Eighth Day View:
The three books considered in this volume constitute the principal biblical witness to Israel's early history. According to A. Graeme Auld, "they tell the story of how under Joshua the land was first taken by Israel and then apportioned to ... |
Nayaks of Kandy
|Kandy Nayak Dynasty|
|Founder||Sri Vijaya Raja Singha|
|Final ruler||Sri Vikrama Rajasinha|
|Dissolution||1815 under the terms of the Kandyan Convention|
Part of a series on the
|History of Kandy|
|Kingdom of Kandy (1469–1815)|
|Colonial Kandy (1815–1948)|
|Sri Lanka portal|
They were related to the Ma... |
End of preview. Expand in Data Studio
Sampling Methodology
This dataset was created using reservoir sampling, a statistically unbiased random sampling algorithm that guarantees each sample from the source dataset has an equal probability of being included. This ensures the 100M token sample is representative of the full dataset's characteristics.
Source Dataset: HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu Sample Size: 100M tokens Content: Curated educational web resources
Reservoir sampling enables rapid experimentation and ablation studies without processing the entire source dataset, while maintaining statistical validity of results.
For details on how this dataset was used in optimal pre-training data composition research, see the blog post.
Citation
If you use this model/dataset, please cite:
@article{sharma2025billion,
title={The 1 Billion Token Challenge: Finding the Perfect Pre-training Mix},
author={Sharma, Asankhaya},
year={2025},
url={https://huggingface.co/blog/codelion/optimal-dataset-mixing/}
}
For more details, see the blog post.
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