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8044477 | Planned change theory: survey of nursing periodical literature. | In response to pilot study suggestions, researchers surveyed 176 items of nursing periodical literature which used 58 planned change theories and six nursing research utilization models between 1982 and 1992. The study identified planned change theories and described the frequency and type of use. |
8044476 | Ergonomics in the laboratory environment. | The focus of this report is how ergonomics--the art of making equipment fit the user--is applied to video display terminal (VDT) use in order to improve productivity. It is recommended that VDT operators be made more comfortable by using ergonomic chairs and tables. The placement of computer screens and keyboards at th... |
8044475 | Introducing a two-way wireless communication system. | Three medical/surgical units in a Midwestern medical center introduced a two-way wireless communication system to test its effect on environmental noise, staff communication, timeliness of response to patient requests, nurse fatigue and job satisfaction. Data were collected through focus groups, surveys, pedometer stud... |
8044474 | Introducing new technology: confusion or order? | A model is explained for assessing the components and potential relationships which should be considered before introduction of a new or updated piece of equipment, improved supplies or a new process in nursing care. Some principles are offered to direct the weighting of various factors involved in selecting and implem... |
8044473 | Implementing a nursing administration local area network. | Several factors should be considered in planning and implementing a nursing administration Local Area Network (LAN). Initial support from nursing management and your organization's information systems department are key to successful acceptance by hospital administration. Involvement of all users and support staff in t... |
8044472 | Automation at the point of care. | Clinical Information Systems (CISs) are systems of microcomputers used at patient bedsides to collect, process, retrieve and display information related to patient care. At our facility, 65 terminals are used in selected units and the CIS has virtually replaced paper charts in daily practice and documentation. Though c... |
8044466 | The role of cutinase in fungal pathogenicity. | Cutinase, an extracellular fungal enzyme, is thought to be essential for the pathogenicity of certain fungal species to plants. Interpretations of recent data on fungal cutinase activity and pathogenicity are contradictory, and range from cutinase having no apparent influence on pathogenicity to it enhancing adhesion o... |
8044465 | Iron acquisition in microbial pathogenesis. | Successful competition for iron by potential pathogens is essential to establish infection. The roles of the various types of microbial iron acquisition systems in host-pathogen interactions depend on the nature of the infection and the location of the pathogen within the host. Microbes infecting the extracellular spac... |
8044464 | Antibody-mediated clearance of viruses from the mammalian central nervous system. | The novel role of antibody in clearing virus from the central nervous system without the help of other immune effectors is an important phenomenon that has only recently been documented. Possible routes for antibodies across the blood-brain barrier and how they work in the CNS are discussed here. |
8044463 | Adaptive surface variation in mycoplasmas. | Mycoplasmas excel as infectious agents, despite their very small genomes. In one mycoplasma species, adaptive flexibility is enhanced by an elegant genetic system that diversifies the membrane surface through a set of variable lipoproteins (Vlps). A family of vlp genes supplies divergent coding sequences and undergoes ... |
8044462 | Recognition between Candida albicans and host cells. | The cell surface of Candida albicans is a complex mosaic of polysaccharide and protein, of which mannoproteins constitute the major antigens and host cell recognition molecules. One group of mannoproteins is known as 'adhesins' and has properties similar to lectins and integrins. The adhesins recognize either host cell... |
8044461 | Nonchemical signals used for host location and invasion by fungal pathogens. | Not all aspects of the interactions between fungal pathogens and their hosts are mediated by specific chemical signals, but until recently the functional significance of nonchemical cues (such as local electrical fields, pH gradients and host surface topography) was obscure. Recent studies of the mechanisms underlying ... |
8044457 | Petechial haemorrhage following a partial seizure with secondary generalization: atypical presentation and differential diagnosis. | A case is reported of a patient who had a respiratory arrest on a high dependency ward in a High Security Hospital with an unusual presentation. The patient had head and upper abdominal petechial haemorrhages with extensive conjunctival haemorrhaging. A considered antecedent for this potentially life-threatening presen... |
8044456 | Photosensitive epilepsy in children. | We performed a retrospective analysis of 17 children with photosensitive seizures (PSS) who had been followed for more than 3 years (mean: 9 years). PSS were verified in all patients by simultaneous video-EEG monitoring. The seizures were precipitated by flickering stroboscopes (14 patients) or were induced by patients... |
8044455 | Decreased seizure frequency after withdrawal and reinstitution of antiepileptic drug therapy. | We reviewed the seizure frequencies of 38 patients with medically refractory epilepsy 6 weeks before (baseline) and 3 weeks after withdrawing their antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) for video-EEG monitoring. Seizure frequency during the first 3 weeks after restarting AEDs was diminished compared with baseline (P < 0.05). We f... |
8044454 | Surface cortical cerebral blood flow monitoring and single photon emission computed tomography: prognostic factors for selecting temporal lobectomy candidates. | A series of 23 patients with medically intractable temporal lobe epilepsy was studied with surface cortical cerebral blood flow monitoring, single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and subdural strip electrocorticographic (ECoG) monitoring for localization of the seizure focus. All patients underwent anterior... |
8044452 | An outcome audit at the epilepsy clinic: results from 1000 consecutive referrals. | The clinical details, specialist investigation, pharmacological treatment and outcome in 1000 consecutive patients referred to the epilepsy clinic at the Western Infirmary in Glasgow were reviewed. Data were collected by detailed proforma at initial referral and from the clinical notes at audit. 524 (52%) of the patien... |
8044451 | Neuropsychological effects of tiagabine, a potential new antiepileptic drug. | The neuropsychological effects of the GABA-reuptake blocker, tiagabine-HCl, were tested in an open trial of 22 adult patients with refractory partial epilepsy followed by a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial in 12 subjects. Nineteen patients completed the initial open titration and fixed-dose phase of t... |
8044450 | Towards a comprehensive neuropsychological service in the United Kingdom for adult patients being considered for epilepsy surgery. | We report the findings of two one-day meetings concerned with the current practice of clinical neuropsychologists involved in epilepsy surgery in Britain. Nine centres participated in the survey, the aim of which was to examine the strengths and current weaknesses in the services provided nationally and move toward fur... |
8044448 | Cognitive performance in learning disabled children with and without epilepsy. | Cognitive functioning and educational achievement were examined in learning disabled children with epilepsy (n = 65) and without epilepsy (n = 122) in order to explore whether children with epilepsy show unique types of learning problems, different from those in other learning disabled children. The learning disabled c... |
8044446 | Violence and the homeless: an epidemiologic study of victimization and aggression. | The present study is a random, systematic study of 900 homeless subjects in St. Louis that describes violence in their lives, both in terms of victimization, by specific violent traumatic events, and victimizing with recognized aggressive behaviors. Many subjects had experienced a traumatic event, and post-traumatic st... |
8044445 | The relationship between traumatic exposure, family dysfunction, and post-traumatic stress symptoms in male juvenile offenders. | This study examined some chronic, stressful conditions and some acute, traumatic events which may place youths at risk for specific types of psychopathology. Ninety one delinquent adolescents with histories of serious and repeated crimes were assessed for their exposure to 11 different types of trauma. The subjects wer... |
8044444 | A comparison of four PTSD measures' convergent validities in Vietnam veterans. | We compared the convergent validities of four commonly used post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) measures in 80 help-seeking Vietnam veterans by contrasting their intercorrelations. When scored as continuous severity or frequency measures, the Mississippi Scale for Combat-related PTSD's and the Post-Traumatic Stress D... |
8044443 | A nation's response to attack: Israelis' depressive reactions to the Gulf War. | We examined Israelis' reactions to the Gulf War and SCUD missile attacks. Four national samples of Israelis (n = 3,204) were interviewed as to depressive mood on four occasions--prior to the Gulf Crisis, as the war approached, during the SCUD missile attacks, and after cessation of hostilities. There was an expected in... |
8044442 | Cross-cultural response to trauma: a study of traumatic experiences and posttraumatic symptoms in Cambodian refugees. | Despite a growing literature of cross-cultural research on mental illness, little is known about the universality of most psychiatric disorders. This study was designed to determine whether people from a very different culture have the same symptoms in response to traumatic experiences as do trauma survivors in the Uni... |
8044441 | Childhood abuse experiences and combat-related PTSD. | Current literature on the etiology of combat-related PTSD strongly implicates combat trauma exposure as a primary etiological factor. However, studies of premilitary variables have produced conflicting results, perhaps in part due to methodological inconsistencies and failure to employ standardized measures. The presen... |
8044440 | A cognitive model of guilt typology in combat-related PTSD. | Dysfunctional guilt is a prominent feature of combat-related, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The present article describes a model of combat-related guilt that distinguishes guilt types on the basis of specific false assumptions and errors of logic that are frequently associated with different kinds of traumati... |
8044439 | Relationship of cynical hostility and PTSD among Vietnam veterans. | The personality construct of cynical hostility, as measured by the Cook-Medley scale (an MMPI subscale), has been implicated as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. A literature review suggests that Vietnam veterans exhibit many cynical hostility-like characteristics. We examined the association between Cook-Medle... |
8044437 | Self-report versus observer ratings of distress and pathology in Vietnam veterans with PTSD. | Few efforts have been made to examine the relationship between standard self-report measures and observer ratings of distress in veterans suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In the present study correlations between self-report (verbal ratings and scores on the Brief Symptom Inventory) and observer ra... |
8044436 | Concepts of normal bereavement. | This study used a 25-item questionnaire to examine the perceptions of 128 people with a close interest in bereavement and its literature. The study is part of a project to identify key aspects and the bereavement process. Subjects were asked to rate their perceptions of key bereavement phenomena with regards their freq... |
8044435 | Psychosocial correlates of fire disaster among children and adolescents. | This study examined the extent of children's and adolescents' psychosocial maladjustment associated with a natural disaster, namely, wildfire. The course of psychopathology was assessed six weeks after a major wildfire destroyed 420 homes. Victims' functioning relative to a comparison group from the same community, mat... |
8044434 | Dissociative states induced by relaxation training in a PTSD combat veteran: failure to identify trigger mechanisms. | PTSD is often treated with anxiety management techniques, including relaxation training. A case report is presented which describes a PTSD combat veteran who experienced dissociative states induced by relaxation training. Hypnotherapy subsequently identified traumatic memories which were recalled during relaxation trai... |
8044422 | Transgenic mice expressing human apoB100 and apoB48. | Transgenic mice that express human apolipoprotein (apo)B have been developed by microinjecting fertilized mouse oocytes with an 80 kb genomic DNA fragment that encompasses the entire human APOB gene. In the transgenic mice expressing the largest amounts of human apoB, the concentration of human apoB100 in the plasma is... |
8044421 | The apolipoprotein B messenger RNA editing enzyme. | The editing of apolipoprotein (apo)B messenger RNA (mRNA) involves a novel C to U modification, which creates an in-frame stop-translation codon, thereby generating the carboxyl-terminal of apoB48. The 27 kDa catalytic subunit of the editing enzyme has been cloned and established to be a zinc-containing cytidine deamin... |
8044420 | The molecular basis of abetalipoproteinemia. | Abetalipoproteinemia is a recessive genetic disease in humans characterized by the virtual absence of apolipoprotein (apo)B and apoB-containing lipoproteins in plasma. Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP), a resident lipid transfer protein within the endoplasmic reticulum of hepatocytes and enterocytes, has b... |
8044418 | Molecular genetics of lipoprotein (a): new pieces to the puzzle. | Important advances have been made in the past year in our understanding of the genetics of lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)]. The apolipoprotein (a) [APO(a)] gene has been cloned and mice have been engineered to express apo(a) and Lp(a). These developments have provided the tools to answer many fundamental questions concerning t... |
8044417 | Macrophage scavenger receptors. | Macrophage scavenger receptors are integral membrane proteins whose ability to bind and degrade modified LDL has implicated them in the process of atherosclerotic foam cell formation. Their ability to bind non-lipoprotein ligands suggests that they participate in other macrophage-associated host defense activities. Stu... |
8044416 | Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis. | Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis is an autosomal recessive lipid-storage disease caused by mutations in the sterol 27-hydroxylase (CYP27) gene. Recent cloning and characterization of CYP27 enables further analysis and understanding of the pathophysiology of this multisystem disease. Molecular diagnosis provides means for... |
8044415 | The properties of HDL in genetically engineered mice. | Genes involved in HDL structure and metabolism have been overexpressed through the introduction of transgenes or inactivated by gene targeting in mice. These new experimental substrates make it possible to address hypotheses relevant to the biology of HDL that were previously inaccessible through human studies. The in-... |
8044414 | Structure, function and role of lipoprotein lipase in lipoprotein metabolism. | In the past several years the importance of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) as a multifunctional protein, involved in several different aspects of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism, has become evident. Thus, in addition to its traditional role in mediating the initial hydrolysis of circulating plasma triglycerides, recent stud... |
8044413 | The role of apolipoprotein E in the nervous system. | Human apolipoprotein (apo)E, an important component of plasma lipoprotein metabolism, was recently linked to Alzheimer's disease. Of the three common apoE alleles, epsilon 4 has emerged as a major risk factor. This review summarizes the data leading to this conclusion and discusses possible mechanisms for apoE involvem... |
8044412 | Postprandial hyperlipidemia and remnant lipoproteins. | Improved methods for quantification of organ-specific contributions to postprandial hyperlipidemia indicate substantial increases in the concentration and altered properties of hepatogenous VLDL, in addition to accumulation of chylomicron remnants. Recent clinical studies support the hypothesis that small chylomicron r... |
8044404 | [Development of a Dutch instrument for the assessment of pain in children]. | The Abu-Saad Pediatric Pain Assessment Tool consists of 30 word descriptors in the sensory, affective and evaluative domains as well as a 10 cm scale that measures present and worst pain experienced by the child. In the first phase of the study an inventory was carried out of pain word descriptors used by hospitalized ... |
8044403 | [Level of competence. Relationship to the complexity of nursing care]. | The aim of the study was to investigate the correlation between complexity of nursing care and the level of competence of the nurse. In the study the actual level of competence and the desired level of competence has been distinguished. In total, 105 patients participated in the study. Complexity of care correlates wit... |
8044402 | [Effect of work stress, autonomy and social support on the work experience of nurses and caregivers]. | This paper describes a study on the relationship between job characteristics, health and well-being of health care professionals from various sectors (N = 249). More specific, we investigated the Demand-Control-Support Model (Johnson & Hall, 1988), using covariance structure modelling (LISREL 7). Although the data did ... |
8044401 | [Information on osteoporosis among ward nurses. Deficient knowledge and need for information regarding osteoporosis in women from 45 to 54 years]. | This article describes the results of a cross-sectional study in which an inventory is made of the level of knowledge of and the need for information about osteoporosis among women in Breda aged 44-54 years. Subsequently the relation between self care agency and the level of knowledge is explored. Orem's self care theo... |
8044392 | Access to the thorax by incision. | For years the standard access to the thorax has been by posterolateral or other muscle cutting thoracotomy incisions. These are accompanied by significant discomfort and often limitation of shoulder girdle movement. To obviate these distressing features, the less traumatic median sternotomy was recommended. In the last... |
8044391 | Tc-99 hexamethylpropyleneamineoxide scanning for the detection of acute appendicitis. | Patients with acute lower abdominal pain remain a diagnostic challenge. Although acute appendicitis is the most common surgical disorder, its accurate and timely diagnosis can be difficult. Historically, females of childbearing age are the most difficult patient group in whom to make the diagnosis of acute appendicitis... |
8044390 | Quantification of duodenogastric reflux in patients with choledochoduodenostomy. | Frequently, patients present with symptoms after cholecystectomy (pain or discomfort in the upper part of the abdomen, postprandial fullness, bile vomiting, among others). Duodenogastric reflux has been associated with these symptoms in some patients. Therefore, this study was done to investigate this relationship. We ... |
8044389 | Thromboxane synthetase inhibition and thromboxane receptor blockade preserve pulmonary and circulatory function in a porcine burn sepsis model. | Thromboxane A2 (TxA2) is a key mediator in the pathophysiology of severe burns and sepsis. This study was performed to assess the potential benefits of TxA2 synthetase inhibition and TxA2 receptor blockade in sepsis after severe thermal injury. Pigs with left atrial, aortic, and pulmonary artery catheters received a 40... |
8044388 | Combined endoscopic and surgical management of Dieulafoy vascular malformation. | Dieulafoy's disease (exulceratio simplex) is an uncommon cause of gastric hemorrhage as a result of an abnormally large, submucosal, eroded gastric artery, often located in the upper part of the stomach. It represents a clinical challenge because of the intermittent nature of massive bleeding accounting for a constantl... |
8044387 | A comparison of operation, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, and percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography in biliary complications after hepatic transplantation. | Biliary complications (BC) remain a significant cause of morbidity and mortality after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). In an effort to determine the incidence of BC after OLT and the success of management options, 157 hepatic transplants performed from January 1987 to July 1991 were reviewed. The incidence of B... |
8044386 | The effect of patient size and dose of recombinant human erythropoietin therapy on red blood cell volume expansion in autologous blood donors for elective orthopedic operation. | Recombinant human erythropoietin (EPO) therapy has been known to enhance erythropoiesis and facilitate autologous blood donation before elective orthopedic operations. However, the optimal EPO dose in this setting remains undefined. To help determine this, we have examined the effect of patient weight and EPO dose on r... |
8044385 | Cause and prevention of electrosurgical injuries in laparoscopy. | Electrosurgical injuries occur during laparoscopic operations and are potentially serious. The overall incidence of recognized injuries is between one and two patients per 1,000 operations. The majority go unrecognized at the time of the electrical insult and commonly present three to seven days afterward with fever an... |
8044384 | Acute left colonic diverticulitis in young patients. | This prospective study was done to compare acute left-sided colonic diverticulitis in young patients (50 years of age or less) and older patients (more than 50 years of age) for severity of disease and immediate and late outcome. Of the 265 patients studied, 61 were 50 years of age or less; of these, 49 were men. In al... |
8044383 | Evaluating the thirty minute interval in emergency cesarean sections. | This study was done to evaluate what percent of emergency cesarean sections are begun within the 30 minute interval between decision and incision time and to evaluate morbidity associated with this time interval. A retrospective patient-control study of records from 75 patients undergoing emergency cesarean sections an... |
8044382 | Influence of a lymph node environment on invasiveness of metastatic tumor cells. | We investigated the possibility that lymph nodes might increase metastatic efficiency of tumor cells lodged there by measuring changes in tumor cell invasiveness after physical contact with an in vitro approximation of a lymph node environment. The experimental model involved growing Lewis lung carcinoma (LL) or B16 me... |
8044381 | Late complications after excisional operation in patients with choledochal cyst. | The follow-up results of 28 patients with choledochal cysts, 16 type I (solitary extrahepatic cyst) and 12 type IVA (extra and intrahepatic cysts), after excision of extrahepatic dilated bile duct were analyzed to evaluate detailed late complications. Hepaticojejunostomy with a wide opening (10 to 30 mm) was created us... |
8044380 | Cecectomy for complicated appendicitis. | Cecal leak or disruption after appendectomy for complicated appendicitis is a consequence of severity of disease and is related to residual abscess cavity, inflammation, phlegmon, and nonviable intestine. In an attempt to improve results, we have begun to resect the cecum and other localized infected tissue in instance... |
8044379 | A neural network classifier in experimental particle physics. | A classification problem in high energy physics has been solved on simulated data using a simple multilayer perceptron comprising binary units which was trained with the CHIR algorithm. The unstable training of such a network on a nonseparable set has been overcome by selecting those weight vectors with good performanc... |
8044378 | A function approximation algorithm using sequential composition. | A new method for approximating one dimensional functions is developed based on structural capabilities of multilayer feedforward neural networks. It possesses notable but unproven convergence properties which are examined in a series of examples. It is shown that it outperforms conventional networks for complicated one... |
8044377 | Trans-dimensional learning. | The main objective of this research paper is to introduce a novel approach to pattern classification across multiple dimensions. Trans-dimensional learning is concerned with automatically determining network architectures that can generalize not only for fixed-dimensional problems but take a profound step by exemplifyi... |
8044376 | A quantitative study of pruning by optimal brain damage. | The optimal brain damage (OBD) scheme of Le Cun, Denker and Solla for pruning of feedforward networks has been implemented and applied to the contiguity classification problem. It is shown that OBD improves the learning curve (the test error as a function of the number of examples). By inspecting the architectures obta... |
8044375 | Neural net pruning based on functional behavior of neurons. | This paper proposes a new pruning method based on merging neurons with similar functional behavior which is defined by the internal representations of each neuron for the entire training set. Classification of neurons by their functional behavior with respect to the input vectors provides a powerful tool for pruning ne... |
8044373 | A biologically motivated associative memory architecture. | A synthesis of analytical techniques from the fields of biology, mathematics, computer science and engineering are used to model the information processing characteristics of the mammalian cerebellar cortex. By viewing anatomically different neurons as representing network elements whose input-output functions are diff... |
8044374 | Control of the complexity of associative memory dynamics by neuronal adaptation. | An abstract neural network model of the Hopfield type is extended to incorporate neuronal adaptation by defining the state of a neuron in terms of two variables, activity and excitability. The model is formulated to represent the regulation of the firing rate of action potentials in a biological system via the neuron c... |
8044372 | Exploratory laparoscopy for perforation following colonoscopy. | Colonoscopy is being increasingly used for the diagnosis and therapy of colonic diseases. Bleeding and perforation are two major complications. The management of patients with perforation is undergoing evolution. There is evidence to support conservative management in selected patients with perforation without clinical... |
8044371 | Video-assisted Spigelian hernia repair. | Spigelian hernia is a rare hernia of the lateral abdominal wall. It is rarely incarcerated and sometimes difficult to diagnose because it is so small. This report describes an incarcerated Spigelian hernia that was successfully repaired using video-assisted laparoscopy, concurrent with a cholecystectomy. |
8044370 | Laparoscopy-guided drainage of hepatic abscess. | Hepatic abscess is a serious surgical condition with a mortality rate of up to 63% reported if not adequately treated. Laparotomy and computed tomographic (CT) guidance have been used to drain these collections, each with their own problems. Herein we describe a method of draining laparoscopically a hepatic abscess. A ... |
8044369 | Acute fatty liver of pregnancy: laparoscopy-assisted diagnosis. | We report a case of fatty infiltration of the liver in a 27-year-old Hispanic woman. She went to an outside hospital in her third trimester of pregnancy with abdominal pain, jaundice, peripheral edema, and diffuse intravascular coagulation. An emergent cesarean section was performed, and she developed symptoms of acute... |
8044368 | Intraoperative diagnosis of choledochal cyst in preparation for laparoscopic cholecystectomy. | The initial description of abnormalities of the biliary tree was reported by Vater in 1723. However, it was not until 1959 that Alonzo-Lej and colleagues reported on the full description and classification of choledochal cysts. This report describes a Hispanic female who presented with classic findings consistent with ... |
8044367 | Video endoscopic surgery in the community hospital. | After proper training and observation, I started performing laparoscopic cholecystectomy at the community hospital in August 1990. Since then, and after further advanced training, I have performed 172 procedures, including appendectomy, hernia repair, lysis of adhesions, retroperitoneal biopsy, paraesophageal hernia re... |
8044366 | Laparoscopic cholecystectomy: 563 cases at a community teaching hospital and a review of 12,201 cases in the literature. Monmouth Medical Center Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Group. | Eleven surgeons attempted laparoscopic cholecystectomy in 563 patients over a 14-month period. Of these 563, 536 (95.3%) were performed successfully; the remaining patients required conversion to laparotomy, but only five because of complications. There were no mortalities associated with the procedure. Thirty-nine pat... |
8044364 | Various stapling techniques in laparoscopic appendectomy: 40 consecutive cases. | The applicability and safety of a new operative technique for laparoscopic appendectomy using an automatic stapling device, the Multifire Endo-GIA 30, was evaluated. This instrument, which can be passed through a 12-mm trocar sleeve, compresses the appendix as well as the resting stump, occluding its lumen with three l... |
8044365 | Laparoscopic varicocelectomy. | We report our initial experience of laparoscopic ligation of varicocele in 13 patients with a mean age of 34 years (range 18-39). Eight patients were subfertile, and the rest complained of dragging pain and discomfort in the left scrotum. At laparoscopy the peritoneum overlying the spermatic vessels was divided, and th... |
8044363 | Laparoscopic repair of recurrent groin hernias. | Between November 1991 and May 1993, 54 recurrent groin hernias were laparoscopically repaired in 50 patients. Forty-eight were men and two were women. Forty-six recurrent hernias were unilateral and four bilateral. Twenty-five were direct, 19 indirect, 10 pantaloon, and two had a femoral component. In only 10 patients ... |
8044362 | Gastric foveolar hyperplasia in patients with cancer of the intact stomach. | The incidence of gastric foveolar hyperplasia, a reliable histological marker of bile reflux into the stomach, was evaluated in patients with cancer of the intact stomach. Lesions classified as foveolar hyperplasia were found in 17 of 32 gastric cancer patients and in seven of 30 controls. This difference was statistic... |
8044361 | Laparoscopic intracorporeal harvest of jejunal tissue for autologous transplantation. | Our goal in this study was to assess the feasibility and safety of performing an intracorporeal laparoscopic jejunal harvest. The initial technique was developed and refined in a pig and then a dog model. In the animal studies, careful dissection of the jejunal flap with its feeding vessel was accomplished along with a... |
8044360 | Laparoscopic cholecystectomy: safe and feasible in emphysematous cholecystitis. | We report three cases of emphysematous cholecystitis managed by laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The diagnosis was made by ultrasound in all cases. Two patients developed postoperative infections. There were no fatalities. The mean postoperative stay was 6 days. In experienced hands, laparoscopic removal of the gallbladde... |
8044359 | Efficacy and safety of thoracoscopy for diagnosis and treatment of intrathoracic disease: the University of Maryland experience. | Thoracoscopy has become an important tool in the diagnosis and management of intrathoracic disease. Between April 1991 and October 1992, 93 patients underwent thoracoscopy. Lung resection was performed on nineteen patients for diagnoses of interstitial lung disease and on seven patients for pulmonary nodules. Eleven pa... |
8044358 | Extracorporeal lithotripsy associated with laparoscopic cholecystectomy: results of 60 patients. | Gallbladder extracorporeal lithotripsy was performed on 60 patients before laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Of the 44 cases with solitary stones (range, 17-45 mm; mean +/- SEM, 26.9 +/- 0.1 mm), satisfactory fragmentation was obtained in 77.2%. Of the 16 cases with multiple stones (range, 11-25 mm; mean +/- SEM, 14.9 +/- ... |
8044357 | Role of intraoperative cholangiography during endoscopic cholecystectomy. | Six hundred sixty-nine German hospitals participated in a survey on the use of intraoperative cholangiography (IOC) in its relationship to common bile duct injuries. Of these, 174 surgical departments are presently practicing IOC, 30 routinely. Only 16 injuries to the bile duct occurred in the 6,328 patients who underw... |
8044356 | Diagnosis and management of bile leaks following laparoscopic cholecystectomy. | Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is now the standard of care for the elective management of gallstone disease. Recent studies have shown the morbidity of laparoscopic cholecystectomy to be similar to that of open cholecystectomy. Postoperative bile leaks have been recognized to be a troublesome problem following laparoscop... |
8044355 | Metabolic images from dynamic positron emission tomography studies. | A dynamic sequence of positron emission tomography (PET) images gives rise to the possibility of creating images of in vivo tissue metabolism. For this reason PET is potentially a valuable instrument in the study of human biology and medicine. The analysis of dynamic PET data to produce metabolic images is a challengin... |
8044354 | Statistical methods in neuroimaging with particular application to emission tomography. | We review statistical methods being applied in four key areas connected with PET and SPECT neuroimaging: (i) image reconstruction (briefly); (ii) tracer-kinetic, or compartmental, modelling; (iii) inference from region-of-interest data; (iv) inference at the pixel or voxel level. Under the last heading, we pay particul... |
8044353 | Statistical models for PET and SPECT data. | This article outlines the statistical developments that have taken place in emission tomography during the past decade or so. We discuss the statistical aspects of the modelling of the projection data and define the additive Poisson regression model. This leads to the use of the method of maximum likelihood as a means ... |
8044352 | Fisher's method of scoring in statistical image reconstruction: comparison of Jacobi and Gauss-Seidel iterative schemes. | Many algorithms for medical image reconstruction adopt versions of the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm. In this approach, parameter estimates are obtained which maximize a complete data likelihood or penalized likelihood, in each iteration. Implicitly (and sometimes explicitly) penalized algorithms require smoo... |
8044351 | Some computational and statistical tools for paired comparisons of digital images. | This article is a case-based review that introduces applied statisticians to a number of issues and methods that arise in clinical studies with paired digital images as outcomes. Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is the imaging modality used in two examples. The first is a physical simulation of releva... |
8044348 | Dipyridamole angina: a specific symptom of severe multivessel disease. | Several studies have indicated that ischemia induced by dipyridamole is frequently associated with angina or ischemic ST-segment depression and that it occurs mainly in patients with three-vessel disease, those with collateral vessels, or those with both. In order to analyze the diagnostic relationships among them, we ... |
8044347 | Differential response of high-density lipoproteins to first-step lipid-lowering diet according to their initial level. | A lipid-lowering diet has been shown to lower total cholesterol but also high-density-lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. The effect of the first-step lipid-lowering diet (as suggested by the European Atherosclerosis Society) on HDL levels was studied in 129 Greek patients aged 52.7 +/- 9.8 years, of whom 78 were men and 51... |
8044346 | Clinical significance of coronary flow reserve: effect of papaverine and exercise. | The clinical significance of coronary flow reserve (CFR) was evaluated after pharmacological (papaverine) and physiological (exercise) vasodilation in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). CFR was determined using parametric imaging in 10 patients with normal coronary arteries (group 1) and in 10 with CAD (group... |
8044345 | Free cholesterol concentrations in the high-density lipoprotein subfraction-3 as a risk indicator in patients with angiographically documented coronary artery disease. | The pathophysiology of plasma lipoprotein metabolism has long been linked to coronary artery disease (CAD). The present study evaluated the association between plasma lipoprotein lipid and apolipoprotein (apo) components and CAD in a group of 80 consecutive Caucasian patients undergoing coronary angiography. Coronary c... |
8044344 | Facilitation of coronary spasm by propranolol in Prinzmetal's angina: fact or unproven extrapolation? | Alpha-adrenergic activation enhances coronary vascular tone; beta-blockade leaves alpha-adrenergic vasoconstriction unopposed. Whether beta-adrenergic blockade facilitates coronary spasm in patients with Prinzmetal's angina is unknown. Using quantitative angiography, we evaluated the response of normal and narrowed cor... |
8044337 | Botulinum A toxin therapy in ophthalmology: a report of patients with facial dystonias. | An overview is given of the indications, results and complications with the use of botulinum A toxin injection therapy specifically in the treatment of facial dystonias. A total of 79 patients have been treated over a 5-year period. The patients were divided in four groups: essential blepharospasm, hemifacial spasm, ap... |
8044334 | A rare case of chronic papillary conjunctivitis diagnosed after several years of evolution. Clinical and pathological findings. | A man with a 2.5 year history of chronic papillary conjunctivitis was diagnosed as having "floppy eyelid syndrome". This syndrome, first described in 1981, is characterized by loose upper eyelids that evert readily on elevation of the lid, a chronic papillary conjunctivitis and a soft rubbery tarsus. The condition is r... |
8044336 | Natural history and visual outcome in patients with APMPPE. | We undertook a retrospective study of the files of 21 patients (42 affected eyes) with acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy to obtain details on the natural history of the disease and on the functional and visual outcome (mean follow up: 17 months). The final visual acuities were 8/10 or better in ... |
8044335 | Peribulbar regional anaesthesia for anterior eye segment surgery. | The technique, the results and the complications for local peribulbar anaesthesia for anterior eye segment surgery are discussed. A personal series of 3,350 cases is analysed. The rare local complications could have been avoided by improving the technique. There were no general complications. |
8044333 | Diagnosis and differential diagnosis of malignant melanomas of the choroid. | A complete ocular examination is essential for the correct diagnosis of a malignant melanoma of the choroid. The single, most important technique is indirect ophthalmoscopy associated with biomicroscopy of the fundus. Fluorescein angiography may provide additional arguments for malignancy, but with this method it is no... |
8044331 | The value of medical imaging techniques in the diagnosis of extra-ocular extension of malign melanoma of the choroid: a case report. | The major goal in the evaluation of posterior uveal tumours is to determine whether an intra-ocular malignancy is present and whether intervention is necessary. Small uveal pigmented tumours can safely be managed by observation until growth is documented. However, extensive evaluation for each suspicious lesion is nece... |
8044330 | [The value of MRI in a difficult diagnosis of melanoma of the choroid]. | The authors present a clinical case of a young woman presenting a non typical melanoma with optic disc oedema. The results of the different examinations are presented and the importance of an N.M.R. is stressed. The differential diagnosis is discussed. |