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primary cutaneous tuberculosis results from the direct inoculation of mycobacterium tuberculosis into the skin of a person with no previous history of tuberculosis infection 1 . cutaneous tuberculosis is considered predominantly an occupational disease and is a challenging diagnosis to make , especially in low - income... | key clinical messagethe authors report a case of cutaneous tuberculosis in a 27-year - old african male medical intern who contracted primary cutaneous from a needle - stick injury .
cultures of pus aspirated from the finger initially grew staphylococcus aureus that led to a delay in the diagnosis . |
one of the most frequently asked questions to those of us at june is what kinds of manuscripts are appropriate for inclusion in the journal . any manuscript with the aim of enabling others to enhance their teaching of neuroscience to undergraduates is appropriate ; those with empirically - tested protocols of innovativ... | in the fall of 2002 , the faculty for undergraduate neuroscience ( fun ) began publication of its flagship journal , the journal of undergraduate neuroscience education ( june ) .
for the past ten years , june has been a major forum for the free exchange of information among undergraduate neuroscience educators .
n... |
syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone ( siadh ) is a common cause of hyponatremia . although it has been associated with different pulmonary infections , there have been only few case reports describing the association of siadh with influenza . we report a case of siadh in a patient with influenza... | context : syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone ( siadh ) is a common cause of hyponatremia .
although it has been associated with different pulmonary infections , there have been only few case reports describing the association of siadh with influenza.case report : we report a case of siadh in ... |
injury to intraperitoneal organs is unusual during percutaneous renal surgery . we report a splenic injury during upper pole percutaneous renal access for nephrostolithotomy that was managed conservatively . a 52-year - old male with left upper pole renal stones associated with a narrow upper pole infundibulum underwen... | introduction : injury to intraperitoneal organs is unusual during percutaneous renal surgery . we report a splenic injury during upper pole percutaneous renal access for nephrostolithotomy that was managed conservatively.methods:a 52-year - old male with left upper pole renal stones associated with a narrow upper pole ... |
pneumomediastinum is defined as air or free gas in the mediastinum , which invariably arises from the alveolar spaces or the conducting airways and has a multi - factorial aetiology . it is a benign and self - limiting condition that usually affects young males ( 1 ) . although uncommon , this condition is increasingly... | we describe an interesting case of pneumomediastinum secondary to cocaine abuse .
the patient presented with severe chest pain following nasal inhalation of a large quantity of cocaine .
investigations revealed no chest injury ; however oesophagitis was proven leading to a possible aetiology of oesophageal microper... |
temporal bone metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma ( hcc ) has rarely been reported.1 only one case of facial nerve palsy due to temporal bone metastasis of hcc has been reported and it was detected by autopsy.2 we encountered a case of metastatic hcc to the temporal region of the skull that initially presented as fa... | facial nerve palsy due to temporal bone metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma ( hcc ) has rarely been reported .
we experienced a rare case of temporal bone metastasis of hcc that initially presented as facial nerve palsy and was diagnosed by surgical biopsy .
this patient also discovered for the first time that h... |
a 53-year - old lady , of height 152 centimeters and weighing 45
kilograms diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis was first seen
by us in april 2003 for a pre - chloroquine workup . she was seen at six - monthly intervals and advised
amsler grid self - evaluation between her scheduled eye
examinations . in april 2... | we herein report the optical coherence tomography ( oct )
findings in a case of chloroquine - induced macular toxicity ,
which to our knowledge , has so far not been reported . a 53-
year - old lady on chloroquine for treatment of rheumatoid
arthritis developed decrease in vision 36 months after initiation
of... |
from 1994 through 2005 , epidemiologic data on animal - related injuries and associated postexposure prophylaxis ( pep ) treatment were prospectively collected for marseille rabies treatment centre patients . only patients who had been injured in france were selected ; rabies pep for travelers who were injured abroad i... | the administration of human rabies postexposure prophylaxis near marseille ( southern france ) has changed since the eradication of terrestrial mammal rabies in 2001 .
most injuries were associated with indigenous dogs ; rabies vaccine was overprescribed .
we suggest that the world health organization guidelines be... |
unique to this case , the foley catheter beats the odds and traversed the fistulous tract . we outline the presentation , identification and accepted management for surgical treatment of vesicouterine fistulas . a 28-year - old g1p1 was referred to our fistula hospital with a 5-month history of leaking urine per vagina... | a 28-year - old g1p1 presented complaining of urine leakage per vaginum following caesarean delivery , accompanied by amenorrhoea , cyclic haematuria and cyclic pelvic pain .
examination findings were suggestive of vesicouterine fistula and the patient was taken for exploratory laparotomy , during which the foley cat... |
it is a benign locally aggressive tumor usually involving the distal end of the femur , proximal tibia and distal radius in young adults . the main variables to be considered for planning treatment include the site of involvement and campanacci stage of the tumor . different treatment options are available which includ... | introduction : giant cell tumor ( gct ) of bone is locally aggressive benign tumor involving the epiphysis of long bones in young adults . various treatment options include intralesional curettage , extended curettage , wide resection , resection and reconstruction and amputation .
the main variables to be considered... |
coronary arterial fistulas are rare cardiac anomalies that create new pathways of blood flow between coronary vessels and thoracic vasculature or chambers of the heart . although generally asymptomatic , patients can develop complications of thrombosis , congestive heart failure , rupture , endocarditis , and arrhythmi... | coronary arterial fistulas are rare communications between vessels or chambers of the heart .
although cardiac symptoms associated with fistulas are well described , fistulas are seldom considered in the differential diagnosis of acute myocardial ischemia .
we describe the case of a 64-year - old man who presented ... |
the most common primary cardiac tumor is myxoma a benign neoplasm usually located in the left atrium . the most common malignant cardiac tumor is angiosarcoma , which can usually be found in the right atrium . due to scarce symptoms the factors which impede complete tumor removal include tumor location and growth caus... | primary malignant cardiac tumors are rare and are usually detected at an advanced stage of disease .
their location and infiltration often hinder surgical resection .
tissue sarcomas , especially angiosarcomas , are composed of irregular and delicate vascular tissue .
the resection of such tumors from the heart i... |
mycotoxins are secondary metabolites of molds which are associated with certain disorders in animals and humans . in addition to being acutely toxic , some mycotoxins are now linked with the incidence of certain types of cancer , and it is this aspect which has evoked global concern over feed and food safety , especial... | the aim of this study was to detect the amount of aflatoxin m1 ( afm1 ) in pasteurized milk samples in mashad in northeast of iran . for this purpose , 42 milk samples were collected from retail stores during fall 2011 and analyzed for afm1 by enzyme - linked immunosorbent assay ( elisa ) technique .
all the analyses... |
mycosis fungoides ( mf ) is a cutaneous t cell lymphoma ( ctcl ) characterized by infiltration of skin with patches , plaques and nodules composed of t - lymphocytes . it has various stages , premycotic , patch , plaques , nodules , tumours and erythroderma . tumour demblee is a variant of tumour stage , which develops... | mycosis fungoides is a cutaneous t - cell lymphoma characterized by infiltration of skin with patches , plaques , and nodules composed of t - lymphocytes .
it is the most common type of cutaneous t - cell lymphoma and accounts for almost 50% of all primary cutaneous lymphoma .
tumour d emblee is the term used for t... |
pulmonary calcification , typically asymptomatic , can be caused by a number of diseases , most common being end - stage renal disease . we describe a case of pulmonary calcifications associated with chronic kidney failure , which has been improved by medical treatment . a 21-year - old man with a 4-year history of end... | pulmonary calcification is a subdiagnosed metabolic lung disease that is commonly asymptomatic and frequently associated with end - stage renal disease .
we report a case of a 21-year - old man with a 4-year history of end - stage renal disease without respiratory symptoms .
we discover incidentally on a bone scan ... |
healthy oral mucous membrane is normally of varying shades of red . when either the patient or the clinician notices areas of pigmentation , there is often an element of increased concern . focal lesions usually need an in - depth examination to exclude a melanoma , while diffuse lesions often have no specific histolog... | the clinical presentation of diffuse pigmentation can be alarming to the patient as well as the clinician .
a histopathologic examination of a pigmented lesion is necessary in most of the cases in the oral cavity .
oral melanoacanthoma is a very rare diffuse pigmentation with no specific treatment required .
it s... |
their occurrence was first described in 1670 by thilesus . however , at that time fistulas were a common complication of chronic and untreated cholecystitis . according to a 2005 study , 226 cases have been reported in total , with fewer than 25 in the last 50 years . the reduced incidence in current times can be attri... | cases of cholecystocutaneous fistulas are now a rare occurrence as a result of rapid diagnosis and treatment .
we present a case of cholecystocutaneous fistula developing after the removal of a percutaneous drain for the treatment of acute cholecystitis .
re - occurring infection and presence of gallstones led to f... |
a 56-year - old man was hospitalized because of pain and numbness in his left hand since he slipped a week earlier . , we found that the motor and sensory functions of his left hand were normal . his laboratory data , including anti nuclear antibody , anti - neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody , and rheumatoid arthritis fa... | floating thrombi in the aortic arch are very rare and an unusual source of systemic embolism . herein , a case of a 3-cm thrombus in the aortic arch is reported .
it was a floating , highly mobile thrombus attached to the lesser curvature of the aortic arch .
the patients had a hypercoagulable disorder induced by p... |
it is a benign melanocytic lesion typically < 2 mm in thickness , with an annual malignant transformation rate of one in 8,845.1 polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy ( pcv ) is a recurrent and relapsing chorioretinopathy characterized by grape - like subretinal vascular lesions associated with retinal pigment epithelium d... | we report a case of a caucasian female who developed active polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy ( pcv ) at the edge of a stable choroidal nevus and was successfully treated with verteporfin photodynamic therapy .
no active polyp was detectable on indocyanine green angiography 2 years after treatment , and good vision w... |
the utilization of multiple pharmacologic agents is an essential component of modern day anesthetic practice . while there have been numerous advancements in recent years in both analgesic and amnestic medications available for an anesthesiologist to use in clinical practice , the cadre of neuromuscular blocking agents... | pharmacological advances in anesthesia in recent decades have resulted in safer practice and better outcomes .
these advances include improvement in anesthesia drugs with regard to efficacy and safety profiles .
although neuromuscular blockers were first introduced over a half century ago , few new neuromuscular bl... |
the ingestion of instruments or materials used in various dental procedures may occur accidentally in dentistry . foreign bodies vary in size and shape and range from burs , posts , root pieces , teeth , orthodontic brackets , endodontic instruments ( files , broaches ) , impression materials , implant components , and... | one of the complications during a routine dental implant placement is accidental ingestion of the implant instruments , which can happen when proper precautions are not taken .
appropriate radiographs should be taken to locate the correct position of foreign body ; usually the foreign body passes asymptomatically fro... |
non - hodgkin 's lymphomas ( nhl ) primarily involving the orbit , is relatively uncommon . we report a case of orbital lymphoma in a 62-year - old male with rare histopathological findings secondary to transformation of once cell type into another . tissue diagnosis and molecular studies led to revelation of diffuse l... | context : non - hodgkin 's lymphomas ( nhl ) primarily involving the orbit , is relatively uncommon . rarely two pathologically different nhl cell types have been found to be coexistent.case report : we report a case of orbital lymphoma in a 62-year - old male with rare histopathological findings secondary to transform... |
a 64-year - old male was admitted with sudden onset of right - sided hemiparesis , headache , gait disturbance , and recurrent vomiting . the patient regularly took amlodipine besylate ( 5 mg once a day ) for his blood pressure , but nothing for his diabetes . on examination , his pulse was regular , his blood pressure... | a 64-year - old man presented with sudden onset of right - sided hemiparesis , headache , gait disturbance , and recurrent vomiting .
a physical examination revealed right - sided hemiparesis , right horner syndrome , ataxia of the right limbs , and diminished sensation on the left side of his body .
diffusion - we... |
accidental ingestion of foreign bodies like coins , fish bones , plastic toy parts , batteries and needles are common in toddlers and pre - school children . the battery cells are potentially hazardous as they cause chemical mucositis and because of their capability to generate electric current . the mucosal damage sta... | a computer lithium battery cell was impacted in the cricopharynx of a 1 year and 9 month - old child .
the battery cell was safely removed with the pediatric flexible oesophagoscope under anesthesia without trauma to the surrounding structures .
the lithium battery cell is potentially dangerous due to its ability t... |
although many case reports have described the presence of a variety of abdominal organs found in spigelian hernias , there are no reports of an incarcerated appendix repaired laparoscopically . the use of laparoscopic technique in this case provided easy identification of the incarcerated structure and allowed us to pe... | spigelian hernias are rare , making up only 1 - 2% of all hernias . like other hernias
, they may contain abdominal contents but are more likely to be incarcerated due to the small size of the fascial defect.(1 ) we describe here the case of a 71-year - old female with a 10-year history of right lower quadrant pain t... |
white cottony mycelia formed on the stems of the diseased plants , which became tough and formed abundant amounts of brown spherical sclerotia on the surface of the mycelial mat . initially , stem rot disease affected only a small number of garlic plants ; however , the disease gradually spread and caused large - scale... | stem rot disease was found in garlic ( allium sativum l. ) cultivated from 2008 to 2010 in the vegetable gardens of some farmers in geumsan - myon , jinju city , gyeongnam province in korea .
the initial symptoms of the disease were typical water - soaked spots , which progressed to rotting , wilting , blighting , an... |
a 10-year cohort study found a 1.33-fold relative risk of death in a schizophrenic population compared with a control population ; the leading cause of death was cardiovascular disease . in patients with myocardial infarction and cardiac failure , reduced heart rate variability is one of the predictive factors of incre... | rates of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in psychiatric patients are higher than in the general population : it is estimated that those who suffer from schizophrenia have a life expectancy approximately 20 % shorter than those who do not , and this difference is not fully accounted for by suicide or accidental d... |
an 18-year - old caucasian male was admitted for headache and abdominal pain , without diarrhea , of 3 weeks duration . the diagnosis of burkitt s lymphoma , stage d , noncleaved diffuse type was established ( figure 1a ) . chemotherapy was initiated with cyclophosphamide , oncovin , methotrexate , and prednisone ( com... | we present a case of an 18 year old white male with burkitt s lymphoma who was operated on for hydrocephalus and subsequently referred for evaluation of new onset diplopia . on examination ,
his visual acuity ( va ) was 20/20 in both eyes with a right superior oblique palsy .
his pupillary reaction to light was int... |
for successful endodontic treatment , thorough knowledge of root canal morphology along with its variation is mandatory . the main objective of endodontic therapy is to prevent and when needed to cure endodontic disease and apical periodontitis . to achieve these goals , locating , cleaning and shaping ingle lists the ... | single rooted tooth are considered to be the easiest for root canal treatment .
the literature has documented cases with single rooted tooth showing more than single canal .
understanding of root canal morphology thus is an important aspect to be considered for successful endodontic treatment .
the case presented... |
external ventricular device ( evd ) is useful in monitoring intracranial pressure ( icp ) in patients with severe traumatic brain injury and abnormal computed tomography ( ct ) scan of the head . however , the presence of evd is a well - known risk factor for infection of central nervous system ( cns ) with the inciden... | acinetobacter baumannii is an important cause of nosocomial ventriculitis associated with external ventricular device ( evd ) .
it is frequently multidrug resistant ( mdr ) , carries a poor outcome , and is difficult to treat .
we report a case of mdr acinetobacter ventriculitis treated with intravenous and intrave... |
in 1997 , nozaki et al . ( 1 ) described subdiaphragmatic intrasellar meningiomas that originated from the sellar turcica ; two of which only originated from the floor of the sellar turcica . since then , only one case of intrasellar meningioma from the sellar floor has been reported in the english literature ( 2 ) . t... | most intrasellar meningiomas are located in the subdiaphragmatic and supraglandular region because they originate from the diaphragma sellae .
subglandular meningiomas located under the pituitary gland are extremely rare .
intrasellar meningiomas in the subdiaphragmatic and subglandular region probably originate fr... |
isolated iliac artery aneurysms are extremely rare , representing only 0.03% of a series of 26 251 autopsy patients , mostly associated with atherosclerosis and with other aetiological factors including trauma and infection . presentation is variable including incidental findings during surgery , abdominal or rectal e... | isolated iliac artery aneurysms are extremely rare .
gluteal artery aneurysms are also rare , more commonly affecting the superior gluteal artery in association with penetrating trauma , with those of the inferior gluteal artery usually associated with pelvic fractures .
we discuss a diagnostically challenging pres... |
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