corpus-id
int64
0
43k
old-corpus-id
stringlengths
2
8
text
stringlengths
1
7.63k
100
2650519
The military history of the Russian Empire encompasses the history of armed conflict in which the Russian Empire participated. This history stretches from its creation in 1721 by Peter the Great, until the Russian Revolution (1917), which led to the establishment of the Soviet Union. Much of the related events involve ...
101
2652293
Freestyle skiing was an official sport discipline for the first time at the 1992 Winter Olympics, with medals awarded in the moguls event. The venue was Tignes about 85 km from host city Albertville.
102
2653150
The Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War or Great War occurred between 1409 and 1411, pitting the allied Kingdom of Poland and Grand Duchy of Lithuania against the Teutonic Knights. Inspired by the local Samogitian uprising, the war began by Teutonic invasion of Poland in August 1409. As neither side was ready for a full-sca...
103
2653212
Kamarupa (; also called Pragjyotisha or Pragjyotisha-Kamarupa), was a power during the Classical period on the Indian subcontinent; and along with Davaka, the first historical kingdom of Assam. Though Kamarupa existed from 350 CE to 1140 CE, Davaka was absorbed by Kamarupa in the 5th century CE. Ruled by three dynastie...
104
2654035
The 2005 World Judo Championships were the 24th edition of the Judo World Championships, and were held in Cairo, Egypt from September 8 to September 11, 2005. Brazilian João Derly was voted as best performance of the championship.
105
2654186
Zodiac is a 2007 American thriller film directed by David Fincher. The screenplay by James Vanderbilt is based on the 1986 non-fiction book of the same name by Robert Graysmith. The film stars Jake Gyllenhaal, Mark Ruffalo, and Robert Downey, Jr., with Anthony Edwards, Brian Cox, Elias Koteas, Donal Logue, John Carroll...
106
2654649
Jane Austen's Emma is an adaptation of the 1815 novel of the same name. It was adapted for the British television network ITV in 1996, directed by Diarmuid Lawrence and dramatised by Andrew Davies, the same year as Miramax's film adaptation of "Emma" starring Gwyneth Paltrow. This production of "Emma" stars Kate Beckin...
107
2654685
Jane Austen's novel Emma (1815) was transmitted as a six-part TV serial by BBC Television in 1972. It was directed by John Glenister.
108
2654792
Berlyn B. Brixner (May 21, 1911 – August 1, 2009) was an American photographer. He was the head photographer for the Trinity test, the first detonation of a nuclear weapon in July 1945. Brixner was positioned away from the explosion and had 50 cameras of varying speeds running from different locations to capture the sh...
109
2655245
"Memories of You" is a popular song with lyrics written by Andy Razaf and music composed by Eubie Blake and published in 1930.
110
2655673
Vimy Ridge Day is a day to commemorate the deaths and casualties of members of the Canadian Corps during the First World War Battle of Vimy Ridge. The holiday has been observed annually on 9 April since 2003. It is a non-statutory observance.
111
2658218
The Coast Guard Command () is the coast guard service branch of the Turkish Armed Forces. During peacetime, the Turkish Coast Guard is under the command of the Ministry of the Interior. However, during emergency and wartime it falls under the command of the Turkish Armed Forces.
112
2658452
Portal is the name given to the three "" starter level sets. The original Portal was released on May 1, 1997, followed by Portal Second Age on June 24, 1998 and Portal Three Kingdoms on July 6, 1999. The "Portal" set was inspired by Chinese mythology; "Three Kingdoms" in particular by Chinese historical novel "Romance ...
113
2658864
The Great Retreat, () also known as the Retreat from Mons, is the name given to the long withdrawal to the River Marne, in August and September 1914, by the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) and the French Fifth Army, Allied forces on the Western Front in the First World War, after their defeat by the armies of the Ger...
114
2659577
Ruth Stone (June 8, 1915 – November 19, 2011) was an American poet, author, and teacher.
115
2660051
Unserdeutsch ("Our German"), or Rabaul Creole German, is a German-based creole language that originated in Papua New Guinea as a lingua franca. The substrate language is assumed to be Tok Pisin, while the majority of the lexicon is from German. German was the language of instruction in Catholic mission schools, which i...
116
2660808
Cardia or Kardia (), anciently the chief town of the Thracian Chersonese (today Gallipoli peninsula), was situated at the head of the Gulf of Melas (today the Gulf of Saros). It was originally a colony of the Milesians and Clazomenians; but subsequently, in the time of Miltiades (late 6th century BC), the place also re...
117
2660963
Johann Ludwig Joseph, Graf von Cobenzl (21 November 1753 – 22 February 1809) was a diplomat and politician of the Habsburg Monarchy.
118
2661254
Democratic Choice of Kazakhstan ("Demokraticheskii Vybor Kazakhstana", "Qazaqstannyn Demokratiyalyk Tandau") is a political party deemed an extremist group by the Kazakh courts.
119
2661256
The Communist Party of Kazakhstan (CPK; ; ) is a banned political party in Kazakhstan.
120
2661270
The Village Social Democratic Party () is a political party in Kazakhstan.
121
2661273
The Agrarian Party of Kazakhstan ("Qazaqstan Agrarlyq Parti'i'asy") is a political party in Kazakhstan. At the last legislative elections, 19 September and 3 October 2004, the party was part of the Agrarian and Industrial Union of Workers Bloc, that won 7.1% of the popular vote and 11 out of 77 seats.
122
2661275
The Civic Party of Kazakhstan (Kazakh: Qazaqstan Azamattlyk Partiyasi, QAP) is a defunct political party in Kazakhstan.
123
2661277
The Communist People's Party of Kazakhstan (CPPK; , "Qazaqstan kommýnıstik halyq partııa (QKHP)"; , "Kommunisticheskaya narodnaya partiya Kazakhstana (KNPK)") is a political party in Kazakhstan. Secretaries of the Central Committee are Vladislav Kossarev, Tulesh Kenzhin and Zhambyl Akhmetbekov.
124
2661695
Colonel Sir Edward Ridley Colborne Bradford, 1st Baronet, (27 July 1836 – 13 May 1911) was a British Indian Army officer who later served as Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis, head of the London Metropolitan Police, from 1890 to 1903.
125
2661853
The Deceangli or Deceangi (Welsh: Tegeingl) were one of the Celtic tribes living in Wales, prior and during the Roman invasion of Britain. The tribe lived in Wales and west Cheshire but it is uncertain whether their territory covered only the modern counties of Flintshire, Denbighshire and part of Cheshire in what is n...
126
2661885
Beginning in July 1529, Philipp Melanchthon, along with Martin Luther and probably Justus Jonas, wrote the Articles of Schwabach (so named because they were presented at the Convention of Schwabach on 16 October of the same year), as a confession of faith with other Wittenberg theologians. Material from this document w...
127
2662164
Genoa Airport () also named Christopher Columbus Airport ("Aeroporto Cristoforo Colombo" in Italian) (), and commonly named "Aeroporto di Genova-Sestri Ponente" (Genoa-Sestri Ponente Airport, after the city district where it is located) is an international airport built on an artificial peninsula, west of Genoa, Italy....
128
2662222
"Open Your Heart" is a song by American singer Madonna from her third studio album "True Blue" (1986). It was released as the album's fourth single in November 19, 1986 by Sire Records. It has since appeared remixed on the compilation albums "The Immaculate Collection" (1990) and "Celebration" (2009). Originally a rock...
129
2662224
George Russell Wackenut, (September 3, 1919 December 31, 2004) was the founder of the Wackenhut private security corporation.
130
2662580
Paul Michael Romer (born November 6, 1955) is an American economist, a pioneer of endogenous growth theory, and a co-recipient of the 2018 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences. He received the prize "for integrating technological innovations into long-run macroeconomic analysis".
131
2663483
"True Blue" is a song by American singer Madonna. It is the title track from her third studio album "True Blue" (1986), and was released as the album's third single on September 17, 1986 by Sire Records. Written and produced by Madonna and Steve Bray, the song deals with Madonna's feelings for her then-husband Sean Pen...
132
2663709
The third-person effect hypothesis predicts that people tend to perceive that mass media messages have a greater effect on others than on themselves, based on personal biases. The third-person effect manifests itself through an individual's overestimation of the effect of a mass communicated message on the generalized ...
133
2666841
Britain's Worst Celebrity Driver was a British game show, part of the Worst Driver television franchise, in which six British celebrities had to perform various challenges to prove their driving prowess. The show was presented by Quentin Willson for both series, with Jenni Falconer joining as co-host for the second.
134
2666985
Southern Cross is the name of the Fokker F.VIIb/3m trimotor monoplane that in 1928 was flown by Australian aviator Charles Kingsford Smith, Charles Ulm, Harry Lyon and James Warner in the first-ever trans-Pacific flight to Australia from the mainland United States, a distance of about .
135
2667245
"The Vessel of Wrath" is a short story by W. Somerset Maugham. Written in 1931 it first appeared in the April 1931 edition of "Hearst's International Cosmopolitan" (see Stott, 1973). Maugham often introduced short stories as a contribution to periodicals and then later included them in books or collected editions. In 1...
136
2667303
Samurai is an Asian superhero in the "Super Friends" animated television series. His real name is Toshio Eto, and he is of Japanese descent. He was one of the later additions to the team along with other ethnically diverse heroes in an effort for the show to promote cultural diversity. His voice actor is Jack Angel. In...
137
2667749
A joint session of the United States Congress is a gathering of members of the two chambers of the bicameral legislature of the federal government of the United States: the Senate and the House of Representatives. Joint sessions can be held on any special occasion, but are required to be held when the President deliver...
138
2667815
Michael Dawson is a fictional character played by Harold Perrineau on the ABC television series "Lost". Michael is one of the survivors of Oceanic Flight 815 who crashes on the show's mysterious island. After losing a custody battle with Susan Lloyd (Tamara Taylor), Michael does not see his son Walt (Malcolm David Kell...
139
2668171
, also known as Via Carolina (between Nuremberg and the Czech border continuing to Prague) is a 477 km (296.4 mi) long German autobahn. It starts at the French border near Saarbrücken in the west and ends at the Czech border near Waidhaus in the east.
140
2668507
The Virginia Defense Force (VDF) is the official state defense force of Virginia, one of the three components of Virginia's state military along with the Virginia National Guard and the Virginia Air National Guard; with a current roster of over 1000 soldiers. The VDF is the descendant of the Virginia State Guard, the V...
141
2669672
State Property 2 is a 2005 American crime film directed by Damon Dash and produced and distributed by Lionsgate Entertainment. A sequel to 2002's "State Property", the film stars rap artists and other musicians such as Cam'ron, The Diplomats, Beanie Sigel, N.O.R.E., Kanye West, Mariah Carey and others. Championship box...
142
2670504
Thai people or Thais (), also known as Siamese (), refer both to citizens of Thailand as a whole and to its main ethnic group, a Tai ethnic group primarily inhabiting Central Thailand (Siamese proper). Part of the larger Tai ethno-linguistic group native to Southeast Asia as well as southern China and Northeast India, ...
143
2671627
Spivak or Spivack is a surname of Ukrainian and Polish origin, meaning "singer". It is also common among Ashkenazi Jews. Spivack is a Germanized or Americanized version of Spivak. The name may refer to:
144
2671954
The Federation of International Touch (FIT) is the worldwide governing body for Touch football.
145
2673750
The 1880 Atlantic hurricane season ran through the summer and fall of 1880. This is the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the Atlantic basin. In the 1880 Atlantic season there were two tropical storms, seven hurricanes, and two major hurricanes (Category 3+). However, in the absence of modern sate...
146
2673983
Jørg Tofte Jebsen (born 27 April 1888 in Berger, Norway and died 7 January 1922 in Bolzano, Italy) was a Norwegian physicist. Here he was the first to work on Einstein's general theory of relativity. In this connection he became known after his early death for what many now call the Jebsen-Birkhoff teorem for the metri...
147
2674010
A salt metathesis reaction, sometimes called a double replacement reaction, double displacement reaction, or double decomposition reaction, is a chemical process involving the exchange of bonds between two non-reacting chemical species which results in the creation of products with similar or identical bonding affiliat...
148
2675164
Cyberpsychology (also known as Internet psychology or web psychology) is a developing field that encompasses all psychological phenomena associated with or affected by emerging technology. "Cyber" comes from the word cyberspace, the study of the operation of control and communication; psychology is the study of the min...
149
2677209
Drilling and blasting is the controlled use of explosives and other methods such as gas pressure blasting pyrotechnics, to break rock for excavation. It is practiced most often in mining, quarrying and civil engineering such as dam, tunnel or road construction. The result of rock blasting is often known as a rock cut.
150
2677465
Trouble was a subscription television channel operating in the United Kingdom and Ireland that was owned and operated by Virgin Media Television.
151
2678902
Marie Adélaïde de France, (23 March 1732 in Versailles – 27 February 1800 in Trieste), was a French princess, the fourth daughter and sixth child of King Louis XV of France and his consort, Marie Leszczyńska.
152
2678932
Cosby was an American sitcom starring Bill Cosby.
153
2681060
Monster is a novel written in 2005 by Frank E. Peretti. It tells a story of a horrifying predator who terrorizes the woods of northern Idaho. The story deals with views on evolution, beneficial mutation, and natural selection.
154
2681360
Land of the Lost is a 1974–1976 TV series relating the adventures of the Marshall family (including Will and Holly and their father, later replaced by their uncle). The Marshalls become trapped in a pocket universe populated by dinosaurs, ape-like creatures called Pakuni, and anthropomorphic reptilian creatures named S...
155
2681396
Land of the Lost was a 1974-1976 TV series presenting the adventures of the Marshall family (including Will and Holly and their father Rick, later replaced by their uncle Jack). The Marshalls become trapped in a pocket universe populated by dinosaurs, ape-like creatures called Pakuni, and lizard-like creatures named Sl...
156
2682423
"Stand Up for Love" is a song recorded by American girl group Destiny's Child for their first greatest hits album, "#1's" (2005). Columbia Records released it as the album's first single on September 27, 2005. The song was written by Amy Foster-Gillies and David Foster with the latter also serving as the producer along...
157
2684197
Golden Eagle is the name of two fictional characters published by DC Comics.
158
2684415
In photography, through-the-lens (TTL) metering refers to a feature of cameras whereby the intensity of light reflected from the scene is measured through the lens; as opposed to using a separate metering window or external hand-held light meter. In some cameras various TTL metering modes can be selected. This informat...
159
2684468
Coty, Inc. is a multinational beauty company founded in 1904 by François Coty. With its subsidiaries, it develops, manufactures, markets, and distributes fragrances, cosmetics, skin care, nail care, and both professional and retail hair care products. Coty owns around 77 brands as of 2018.
160
2684637
The Durham District School Board (DDSB; known as English-language Public District School Board No. 13 prior to 1999) is an Anglophone, secular public school board in Ontario, Canada. The DDSB serves most of the Regional Municipality of Durham, except for schools within the Municipality of Clarington, which belongs to t...
161
2684830
The American Senior High School, or The American High School, is a high school located in Country Club, unincorporated Miami-Dade County, Florida. Its principal is Francisco Garnica. It has been named a Blue Ribbon School of Excellence.
162
2685396
The royal arms of Scotland is the official coat of arms of the King of Scots first adopted in the 12th century. With the Union of the Crowns in 1603, James VI inherited the thrones of England and Ireland and thus his arms in Scotland were now quartered with the arms of England (which was itself quartered with France) w...
163
2685896
Buddhism is the primary religion of Laos. The Buddhism practiced in Laos is of the Theravada tradition. Lao Buddhism is a unique version of Theravada Buddhism and is at the basis of Lao culture. Buddhism in Laos is often closely tied to animist beliefs and belief in ancestral spirits, particularly in rural areas.
164
2687105
Lithium fluoride is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula LiF. It is a colorless solid, that transitions to white with decreasing crystal size. Although odorless, lithium fluoride has a bitter-saline taste. Its structure is analogous to that of sodium chloride, but it is much less soluble in water. It is main...
165
2687147
The 1962 NFL season was the 43rd regular season of the National Football League (NFL). Before the season, CBS signed a contract with the league to televise all regular-season games for a $4.65 million annual fee.
166
2688476
Kenzaburo Hara (Japanese: 原 健三郎, "Hara Kenzaburō", February 6, 1907 – November 7, 2004) Former House of Representatives of Japan Speaker Kenzaburo Hara, who had served as a legislator for 54 years until he retired in 2000, died of heart failure in Tokyo Saturday, his family said. He was 97.
167
2688619
Capital University Law School is an ABA-accredited private law school located in downtown Columbus, Ohio. The law school is affiliated with Capital University, the oldest university in Central Ohio and one of the oldest and largest Lutheran-affiliated universities in North America. Capital Law is perhaps best known for...
168
2689165
Border City Wrestling (BCW) is an independent professional wrestling promotion based in Windsor, Ontario. Many BCW employees were trained by Scott D'Amore, the owner and booker of BCW, at the "Can-Am Wrestling School". The promotion merged with BSE Pro to create Maximum Pro Wrestling in 2010 before returning to running...
169
2690296
Princess Jasmine is a fictional character who appears in Walt Disney Pictures' animated feature film "Aladdin" (1992). Voiced by American actress Linda Larkin – with a singing voice provided by Filipina singer Lea Salonga – Jasmine is the spirited Princess of Agrabah, who has grown weary of her life of palace confineme...
170
2690650
The Orwell Bridge is a concrete box girder bridge located just south of Ipswich in Suffolk, England. Opened to road traffic in 1982, the bridge carries the A14 road (formerly the A45 road) over the River Orwell.
171
2690930
Electribal Memories is the only album by house music group Electribe 101. It was originally released in 1990 and reached number 26 in the UK Albums Chart. The album includes the singles "Tell Me When the Fever Ended" (#32 in the UK Singles Chart), "Talking with Myself" (UK #23), "You're Walking" (UK #50) and a cover of...
172
2691025
Scheherazade, also commonly Sheherazade (), Op. 35, is a symphonic suite composed by Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov in 1888 and based on "One Thousand and One Nights" (also known as "The Arabian Nights)".
173
2691427
SS "Schiller" was a 3,421 ton German ocean liner, one of the largest vessels of her time. Launched in 1873, she her trade across the Atlantic Ocean, carrying passengers between New York and Hamburg for the German Transatlantic Steam Navigation Line. She became notorious on 7 May 1875, while operating on her normal rout...
174
2691945
Marcelo Luis Ebrard Casaubón (; born October 10, 1959) is a Mexican politician who was affiliated with the Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD) until 2015. He serves as the current president of the United Nations Global Network on Safer Cities. He was the successful candidate of the PRD-led electoral alliance to se...
175
2692615
Vice Admiralty Courts were juryless courts located in British colonies that were granted jurisdiction over local legal matters related to maritime activities, such as disputes between merchants and seamen.
176
2692616
In a formal system of logic used for knowledge representation, the open-world assumption is the assumption that the truth value of a statement may be true irrespective of whether or not it is "known" to be true. It is the opposite of the closed-world assumption, which holds that any statement that is true is also known...
177
2692841
, formula_1, formula_2
178
2694179
The Jesus Sutras are early Chinese language manuscripts blending Taoist, Buddhist, and Christian teachings. They are connected with the 7th-century mission of Alopen, a Church of the East bishop from Sassanian Mesopotamia. These manuscripts have been named "sutras" (a word associated with Buddhist texts) only recently ...
179
2695261
Chantiers de l'Atlantique, is a shipyard based in Saint-Nazaire, France. It is one of the world's largest shipyards, constructing a wide range of commercial, naval and passenger ships.
180
2695568
What Happened to Mary (sometimes erroneously referred to as What Happened to Mary?) is the first motion picture serial made in the United States. Made by Edison Studios, the action serial starred Mary Fuller in twelve one-reel episodes released monthly beginning July 26, 1912 to coincide with the serial story of the sa...
181
2697114
The Japanese was the biggest naval gun used by battleships in World War II. They were actually guns, but were designated 40 cm (15.7 in) in an effort to hide their true size.
182
2698850
San Francisco Ballet is a ballet company, founded in 1933 as the San Francisco Opera Ballet under the leadership of ballet master Adolph Bolm. The company is currently based in the War Memorial Opera House, San Francisco, under the direction of Helgi Tomasson. San Francisco Ballet was the first professional ballet comp...
183
2699622
The 2000 Pacific typhoon season marked the first year using names contributed by the World Meteorological Organization. It was a rather below-average season, producing a total of 23 tropical storms, 13 typhoons and 4 intense typhoons. The season ran throughout 2000, though typically most tropical cyclones develop betwe...
184
2700521
Adelaide Island or Isla Adelaida or Isla Belgrano is a large, mainly ice-covered island, long and wide, lying at the north side of Marguerite Bay off the west coast of the Antarctic Peninsula. The Ginger Islands lie off the southern end. Mount Bodys is the easternmost mountain on Adelaide Island, rising to over 1,220 m...
185
2702403
Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens (1704–1771) was a French rationalist, author and critic of the Catholic church, who was a close friend of Voltaire and spent much of his life in exile at the court of Frederick the Great.
186
2703032
Bruce Jay Nelson (January 19, 1952 – September 19, 1999) was an American computer scientist best known as the inventor of the remote procedure call concept for computer network communications.
187
2703574
VF Corporation is an American worldwide apparel and footwear company founded in 1899 and headquartered in Greensboro, North Carolina. The company's more than 30 brands are organized into four categories: Outdoor, Active, Work and Jeans. The company controls 55% of the U.S. backpack market with the Jansport, Eastpak, Ti...
188
2703789
Colonel Michael Bumgarner (born 1959) has been a career officer in the military police of the United States Army. He is most noted for having been the commander of the Joint Detention Group, the guard force component of Joint Task Force Guantanamo, from April 2005 through June 2006, at the Guantanamo Bay detention camp...
189
2703944
Jainism and Buddhism are two ancient Indian religions that developed in Magadha (Bihar region) and continue to thrive in the modern times. Mahavira and Gautama Buddha are generally accepted as contemporaries (circa 5th century BCE). Jainism and Buddhism share many features, terminology and ethical principles, but empha...
190
2704662
Satanachia is described in the "Grand Grimoire" as a commander-in-chief of Satan's army, who controls either forty-five or fifty-four legions of demons, including Pruflas, Aamon, Barbatos, and Astaroth. According to the "Grand Grimoire", he has the power to subjugate all women and girls, and to do with them whatever he...
191
2705392
The Temein languages, or Nuba Hills languages, are a group of Eastern Sudanic languages spoken in the Nuba Mountains of Sudan.
192
2705441
The Vancouver School Board (VSB; officially School District 39 Vancouver) is a school district based in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. A board of nine trustees normally manages this district that serves the city of Vancouver and the University Endowment Lands.
193
2707242
Théodore Simon (; 10 July 1873 – 4 September 1961) was a French psychologist who worked with Alfred Binet to develop the Binet-Simon scale, one of the most widely used scales in the world for measuring intelligence. This scale was revised in 1908 and 1911, and served as a template for the development of newer scales. S...
194
2707363
Guo Shengtong (郭聖通; died 52 CE) was an empress during the Eastern Han dynasty. She was the first empress of Emperor Guangwu (Liu Xiu), the founder of Eastern Han. She lost her husband's favor and was deposed in 41. However, both she and her family continued to be respected and honored even after she was deposed.
195
2707637
Karen Demirchyan () (April 17, 1932 – October 27, 1999) was a Soviet and Armenian politician. He served as the First Secretary of the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic from 1974 to 1988. Soon after his reemergence into active politics in independent Armenia in the late 1990s, he became President of the National Assemb...
196
2707916
Victoire de France, (Marie Louise Thérèse Victoire; 11 May 1733 – 7 June 1799) was a French princess, the seventh child and fifth daughter of King Louis XV of France and his Queen consort Maria Leszczyńska. She was named after her father, and Maria Theresa, Queen of France, her great great grandmother and the consort o...
197
2708079
"Vogue" is a song by American singer Madonna from her second soundtrack album "I'm Breathless" (1990). It was released as the first single from the album on March 27, 1990, by Sire Records. Madonna was inspired by vogue dancers and choreographers Jose Gutierez Xtravaganza and Luis Xtravaganza from the Harlem "House Bal...
198
2708205
William Perry (born 1927) is an American businessman and former Secretary of Defense.
199
2708731
The Exploration Systems Architecture Study (ESAS) is the official title of a large-scale, system level study released by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) in November 2005 in response to American president George W. Bush's announcement on January 14, 2004 of his goal of returning astronauts to th...