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| "name": "RFSchemBench", | |
| "description": "A multimodal LLM evaluation benchmark for RF circuit schematic understanding. 2,348 questions across 590 schematic pages from 5 publicly available RF data sources, organized in a four-level semantic hierarchy: Component Understanding, Structural Understanding, Functional Understanding, and Dynamic Reasoning (simulation-grounded counterfactual plot reasoning). Constructed via expert-rule-guided programmatic generation; LLMs are deliberately excluded from the gold-answer path.", | |
| "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", | |
| "url": "https://huggingface.co/datasets/anonymous-submission042/RFSchemBench", | |
| "version": "1.0.0", | |
| "citeAs": "@misc{rfschembench2026, title={RFSchemBench: A Multi-Source, Hierarchically-Structured Multimodal Benchmark for RF Circuit Schematic Understanding}, author={Anonymous}, year={2026}, note={Submitted to NeurIPS 2026 Evaluations \\& Datasets Track}}", | |
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| "name": "Anonymous (double-blind submission)" | |
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| "keywords": [ | |
| "RF", | |
| "circuit", | |
| "schematic", | |
| "multimodal", | |
| "benchmark", | |
| "VQA", | |
| "engineering" | |
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| "datePublished": "2026-05-01", | |
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| "name": "RFSchemBench - permissive subset", | |
| "description": "RFSchemBench rows from sources licensed under CC-BY-4.0-compatible terms (excludes the m17 NC-licensed source class). N=2,258.", | |
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| "@type": "cr:Field", | |
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| "name": "level", | |
| "description": "One of: Component Understanding / Structural Understanding / Functional Understanding / Dynamic Reasoning", | |
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| "description": "Primary schematic rendering (PNG bytes embedded)", | |
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| "name": "context_images", | |
| "description": "Auxiliary context images (Dynamic Reasoning rows only). List of {caption, image-bytes}.", | |
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| "name": "source_schematic", | |
| "description": "Provenance: original .kicad_sch / .sch path", | |
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| "name": "license", | |
| "description": "Per-row license tag (CC-BY-4.0 or CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0)", | |
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| "name": "RFSchemBench - NC-allowed full subset", | |
| "description": "Full RFSchemBench (all 5 source classes, N=2,348). Includes 90 rows under CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0. NonCommercial usage only.", | |
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| "description": "One of: Component Understanding / Structural Understanding / Functional Understanding / Dynamic Reasoning", | |
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| "description": "Primary schematic rendering (PNG bytes embedded)", | |
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| "name": "context_images", | |
| "description": "Auxiliary context images (Dynamic Reasoning rows only). List of {caption, image-bytes}.", | |
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| { | |
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| "@id": "nc_allowed/options", | |
| "name": "options", | |
| "description": "Multi-choice options for Dynamic Reasoning rows. List of {label, text, image-bytes}.", | |
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| "@id": "nc_allowed/source_schematic", | |
| "name": "source_schematic", | |
| "description": "Provenance: original .kicad_sch / .sch path", | |
| "dataType": "sc:Text", | |
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| "@id": "nc_allowed-parquet" | |
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| "column": "source_schematic" | |
| } | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "@type": "cr:Field", | |
| "@id": "nc_allowed/license", | |
| "name": "license", | |
| "description": "Per-row license tag (CC-BY-4.0 or CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0)", | |
| "dataType": "sc:Text", | |
| "source": { | |
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| "@id": "nc_allowed-parquet" | |
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| "extract": { | |
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| ], | |
| "rai:dataCollection": "Schematic source files (.kicad_sch, .qucs) were collected from publicly available GitHub repositories for the qucs / kicad / myriadrf / m17 / oresat ecosystems. Pages were rendered to PNG via KiCad CLI and Qucs native renderers. A page-level Qwen3.6 RF-relevance gate filtered out non-RF pages.", | |
| "rai:dataCollectionType": "Crawled / programmatically rendered from authoritative open-source schematic repositories.", | |
| "rai:dataCollectionRawData": "Original `.kicad_sch` and `.qucs` files plus their rendered images.", | |
| "rai:dataPreprocessingProtocol": "Each schematic page is rendered to a primary PNG image. For Dynamic Reasoning, ngspice simulation outputs and counterfactual variant plots are pre-computed. RF-relevance gating applied at the page level.", | |
| "rai:dataAnnotationProtocol": "Gold answers are produced deterministically by Python rules authored by domain experts, extracting structured ground truth from KiCad CLI / Qucs / ngspice outputs. LLMs are NOT used in the gold-answer path. Iterative rule refinement: experts review generated questions and patch rules when systematic errors are found; the released release reflects the latest revisions.", | |
| "rai:dataAnnotationPlatform": "Custom Python pipelines under `qa_pipelines/<source>/` in the source repository.", | |
| "rai:dataAnnotationAnalysis": "An independent post-hoc gold audit on a stratified sample is planned as part of the validity protocol; results will be reported in the camera-ready paper.", | |
| "rai:annotationsPerItem": "1 gold answer per question, deterministic from rules.", | |
| "rai:annotatorDemographics": "Gold answers produced by deterministic rule code; no human annotators per item.", | |
| "rai:dataUseCases": [ | |
| "Evaluation of multimodal LLMs on RF circuit schematic understanding.", | |
| "Diagnostic analysis of structural connectivity reasoning in vision-language models.", | |
| "Reasoning-mode (thinking on/off) ablation studies." | |
| ], | |
| "rai:dataLimitations": "Per-source-class question counts are imbalanced (40 to 974); per-source claims should be reported with N. Dynamic Reasoning subset (N=55) exists only on simulation-capable source class. Questions evaluated in English; Chinese parallel translations provided for reference. Single-image-per-question protocol.", | |
| "rai:dataBiases": "Source-class bias: the largest source class contributes ~41% of questions, which can dominate micro accuracy. We provide a `permissive` config that excludes the NonCommercial source and recommend reporting both micro and source-balanced macro accuracy. Domain bias: schematics are biased toward open-source SDR / amateur radio / satellite hardware; commercial proprietary RF designs are not represented.", | |
| "rai:dataReleaseMaintenancePlan": "Versioned releases under semver. Discussion thread is open for gold-answer corrections and parser / scorer disputes. After acceptance, this anonymous repository will be transferred to a maintainer account.", | |
| "rai:personalSensitiveInformation": "None. The dataset contains schematic images from open-source hardware projects, with no personally identifiable information, biometric data, or sensitive content.", | |
| "rai:dataSocialImpact": "Positive: enables systematic evaluation of multimodal LLMs on RF engineering tasks, supporting safer deployment in EE / RF design workflows. Risk: LLMs that perform well on this benchmark are not certified for production EE design. Use as evaluation tool, not deployment certification.", | |
| "rai:hasSyntheticData": false, | |
| "prov:wasDerivedFrom": [ | |
| { | |
| "@type": "sc:Dataset", | |
| "name": "Qucs-S example library (RF subset)", | |
| "description": "Educational RF circuit examples shipped with Qucs-S; rendered to PNG via Qucs native renderer.", | |
| "url": "https://github.com/ra3xdh/qucs_s" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "@type": "sc:Dataset", | |
| "name": "KiCad public RF schematic projects", | |
| "description": "Curated set of public GitHub KiCad projects with RF subsystems; rendered to PNG via KiCad CLI." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "@type": "sc:Dataset", | |
| "name": "MyriadRF / LimeSDR hardware schematics", | |
| "description": "Professional SDR board schematics released by Lime Microsystems and the MyriadRF community.", | |
| "url": "https://github.com/myriadrf" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "@type": "sc:Dataset", | |
| "name": "M17 Project digital radio hardware", | |
| "description": "Open-source digital radio community hardware schematics (CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0 — used in nc_allowed config only).", | |
| "url": "https://github.com/M17-Project" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "@type": "sc:Dataset", | |
| "name": "OreSat satellite GPS module", | |
| "description": "OreSat space hardware schematics covering RF / GPS subsystems.", | |
| "url": "https://github.com/oresat" | |
| } | |
| ], | |
| "prov:wasGeneratedBy": { | |
| "@type": "prov:Activity", | |
| "name": "RFSchemBench construction pipeline", | |
| "description": "(1) Schematic source files from open-source repos rendered to PNG via KiCad CLI / Qucs native; (2) Page-level RF-relevance gate (Qwen3.6, used only as filter, not for gold answers); (3) Domain-expert-authored Python rules (`qa_pipelines/<source>/build_tier{1..4}_question_bank.py`) deterministically extract structured ground truth from KiCad netlist / Qucs schematic graph / ngspice simulation outputs and emit (question, gold) tuples; (4) Iterative rule refinement: experts review samples and patch rules upon discovering systematic errors." | |
| } | |
| } |