Training Dense Retrievers with Multiple Positive Passages
Paper • 2602.12727 • Published
query_id stringlengths 1 7 | query stringlengths 5 215 | positive_passages listlengths 1 29 | positive_passages_ids listlengths 1 29 | negative_passages_ids listlengths 1 29 | negative_passages listlengths 1 29 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1000094 | where is whitemarsh island | [
{
"title": "Whitemarsh Island, Georgia",
"text": "Whitemarsh Island, Georgia. Whitemarsh Island (pronounced WIT-marsh) is a census-designated place (CDP) in Chatham County, Georgia, United States. The population was 6,792 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Savannah Metropolitan Statistical Area. The comm... | [
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"5065755",
"4683143",
"2603948",
"2298836",
"341309",
"8123... | [
{
"title": "Whitemarsh Island, Georgia",
"text": "Colleges/universities with over 2000 students nearest to Whitemarsh Island: Notable locations in Whitemarsh Island: Savannah Yacht and Country Club (A), Southside Fire Department Station 8 (B). Churches in Whitemarsh Island include: Whitemarsh Island Baptist... |
1000684 | where is your perineum | [
{
"title": "After the birth",
"text": "The perineum is the area of skin and muscle between your vagina and your anus. The perineum stretches and thins out over your baby's head as he or she is born. Contents. 1 During birth. 2 After the birth. 3 Stitches. 4 To help the perineum to heal.5 What to avoid.... | [
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"8420380",
"1239361",
"1171525",
"3697636",
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] | [
{
"title": "Where is your appendix?",
"text": "Your appendix is at the Ileocecul junction, which is where the ileum from your small intestine and the cecum from your colon meet. It is located on the right lower quadrant of ⦠your abdomen."
},
{
"title": "Causes of Perineum bruise",
"text": "Ca... |
1000938 | where on the chromosome or gene is the tay-sachs located | [
{
"title": "Tay-Sachs Chromosome",
"text": "The Tay-Sachs Chromosome and the HEXA Gene. The HEXA gene instructs cells to make one part of an enzyme called beta-hexosaminidase A. Specifically, the HEXA gene makes the portion called alpha subunit of this enzyme.he Tay-Sachs chromosome is located on chromosome... | [
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"8675634",
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"5514381",
"505126",
"1905382",
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] | [
{
"title": "Causes of Tay-Sachs",
"text": "They do not have Tay-Sachs disease but they may pass on the faulty gene to their children. Carriers have a 50 percent chance of passing on the defective gene to their children. A child who inherits one inactive gene is a Tay-Sachs carrier like the parent."
},
{... |
1001876 | where was Michael klim born | [
{
"title": "Michael Klim",
"text": "He was born in Gdynia, Poland. He was educated at the University High School, Melbourne and Wesley College, Melbourne where he is currently employed as the college's elite head coach of swimming.998 was Michael Klim's year in the sun. In January, the World Aquatics Champi... | [
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"146937",
"4960281",
"3680366",
"7207355",
"358544",
"2149103... | [
{
"title": "Michael Klim",
"text": "1977 -. Michael Klim won six Olympic medals in his glittering swimming career, proving himself one of the most versatile and popular swimmers of his generation.is relay feats include his unforgettable lead-off swim in the 4x100m freestyle final on the first night of compe... |
1002233 | where was david delamare born | [
{
"title": "-",
"text": "Fantasy Artist. David Delamare was born in Leicester, UK but has spent most of his life in Portland, Oregon where he enjoys the cloudy weather. Though he likes to travel, he has never driven a car.He sleeps late and works deep into the night.When he's not attending films, plays, or ... | [
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"8197885",
"4772872",
"32141",
"7237540",
"1649454",
"3667736",
"499210... | [
{
"title": "-",
"text": "WELCOME TO THE OFFICIAL DAVID DELAMARE WEBSITE(the world's most complete source for Delamare artwork and gifts) This site is best viewed with Safari or Internet Explorer. While here, please view our slideshows and sign up for our free newsletter.We offer flexible layaway plans.) (Em... |
1002416 | where was gareth bale born | [
{
"title": "Gareth Bale",
"text": "Gareth Bale was born on July 16, 1989 in Cardiff, Wales."
},
{
"title": "-",
"text": "Biography. Gareth (Frank) Bale was born in Cardiff on July 16th 1989. His dadâs name is Frank (school caretaker) and his momâs name is Debbie (operations manager)."
},
... | [
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] | [
{
"title": "Gareth Bale says Cristiano Ronaldo told him where to live when he joined Real Madrid",
"text": "And Bale revealed it was Ronaldo who told him where to live in the Spanish capital - something the Wales superstar is eternally grateful for. Gareth Bale (left) says Cristiano Ronaldo helped him find ... |
1003328 | where was saint dominic from | [
{
"title": "St. Dominic",
"text": "Saint Dominic was born in Caleruega, Spain in 1170. His parents were members of the Spanish nobility and related to the ruling family. His father was Felix Guzman, and was the royal warden of the village."
},
{
"title": "St. Dominic",
"text": "Saint Dominic was... | [
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"599171",... | [
{
"title": "Saint Dominic",
"text": "Saint Dominic. Previous (Saint Cyprian of Carthage) Next (Saint Francis Solano) Saint Dominic (Spanish: Domingo), often called Dominic de Guzmán (1170 â August 6, 1221), was the founder of the Friars Preachers, popularly called the Dominicans or Order of Preachers (OP... |
1003418 | where was sommer ray born | [
{
"title": "Sommer Ray",
"text": "Sommer Ray. About Sommer Ray. Roy A. Sommer, better known by Sommer Ray, was born in Colorado, September 15th, 1996. Sommer Ray is a fitness model of 20 years old and is an Instagram model. She regular posts pictures of her fit body, especially her butt and her daily fitnes... | [
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... | [
{
"title": "Sommer Ray Biography, Height, Age, Net Worth, Parents",
"text": "Sommer Ray Biography, Height, Age, Net Worth, Parents. Sommer Ray is a fitness model whose wiki revealed her real age, height, weight with biography detail. Find her net worth, parents, sister to measurements. 20 years old, Fitness... |
1003840 | where was the lady vanishes filmed | [
{
"title": "The Worldwide Guide to Movie Locations: Exploring film locations around the world",
"text": "Visit: Austria. The original 1938 version of The Lady Vanishes, directed by Alfred Hitchcock, was filmed almost entirely in the studio in Shepherds Bush, London. The updating of Alfred Hitchcockâs 1938... | [
"4063716"
] | [
"4063717",
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"4070195",
"3680366",
"715... | [
{
"title": "The Lady Vanishes",
"text": "The Lady Vanishes. For other uses, see The Lady Vanishes (disambiguation). The Lady Vanishes is a 1938 British thriller film directed by Alfred Hitchcock, starring Margaret Lockwood and Michael Redgrave."
},
{
"title": "Free show: The Lady Vanishes",
"tex... |
100386 | cost behavior is considered linear whenever | [
{
"title": "Ch 5: Cost Behavior",
"text": "Cost behavior is said to be linear whenever a straight line is a reasonable approximation for the relation between cost and activity.ost behavior is said to be linear whenever a straight line is a reasonable approximation for the relation between cost and activity.... | [
"6182295",
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] | [
{
"title": "-",
"text": "Related Terms: variable cost, total cost, fixed expenses. Variable cost: All other costs that are some function of activity. They are usually. considered linear because the unit cost is computed by dividing the total other costs for a. period, or event, by the amount of activity in ... |
1003900 | where was the movie goonies filmed | [
{
"title": "Astoria, Oregon: Goonies Movie Locations and Museum",
"text": "Results 1 to 5 of 6... Page of 2 [Next 1 items]. Astoria, Oregon-Goonies in the Boonies Goonies Movie Location: Astoria, Oregon is not only the former canning capital of the world but also has a claim to fame as a movie location for ... | [
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] | [
{
"title": "'The Goonies' Turns 30: Where Are They Now?",
"text": "Sean Astin played Mikey in the 1985 film, The Goonies. Jeff Cohen, Chunk. Cohen, who played Chunk, only acted for a few years after Goonies, and was featured in a few episodes of Family Ties from 1984 to 1987. His last listed acting gig was ... |
1003956 | where was the navy panama canal zone hospital | [
{
"title": "Profile: Coco Solo Naval Air Station",
"text": "However, News Busters was in error. According to subsequent investigations by the press, the Panama Canal Zone did contain a small hospital at the Coco Solo submarine base in 1936, and McCain was born in that hospital."
}
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"3926579"
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"221172... | [
{
"title": "-",
"text": "Pediatric Surgery at the Naval Medical Center, Portsmouth, VA, until his retirement from the Navy. While there, he developed the largest minimally invasive Pectus repair practice in the military, treating. both dependent and active-duty military patients from around the world with t... |
1004080 | where was the trajan column built | [
{
"title": "-",
"text": "Trajanâs Column. Trajanâs Column is located in Rome, Italy, and was built in 113 AD. It honors Emperor Trajan, and at that time it was situated at the new Forum of Trajan. It commemorates victories by Trajan in Dacia, which is now Romania."
},
{
"title": "Trajanâs Column... | [
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] | [
{
"title": "Trajan",
"text": "Trajanâs memory remained in Rome for generations to follow, primarily due to two gifts he gave the city - the Forum of Trajan and Trajanâs Column. The Forum of Trajan, financed by the seized Dacian treasury, was dedicated in 112 CE."
},
{
"title": "-",
"text": "... |
1004274 | where was what about bob filmed | [
{
"title": "What about Bob - Filmed entirely at Smith Mountain Lake in Virginia",
"text": "There are some wonderful bed and breakfasts in this area of Virginia. One even in an historic downtown areas of a nearby town to Smith Mountain Lake. The same even has a friend who has part of the set from the set des... | [
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"3486311",
"8659353",
"7022007",
"3100898",
"975835",
"55223... | [
{
"title": "What does the term ânight movesâ mean?",
"text": "@ Emrakul -- 'Night Moves' is: a 1976 Bob Seger song, a 2013 film about environmental protest, a 1975 film about an unsolved murder, the title of half a dozen TV episodes, a porn site, and a film production company. There's also 'Knight Moves, a ... |
1004329 | where we can use static members | [
{
"title": "Static Members of a C++ Class",
"text": "Static members of a C++ class. We can define class members static using static keyword. When we declare a member of a class as static it means no matter how many objects of the class are created, there is only one copy of the static member. A static membe... | [
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] | [
{
"title": "Static Members of a C++ Class",
"text": "A static member function can be called even if no objects of the class exist and the static functions are accessed using only the class name and the scope resolution operator ::. A static member function can only access static data member, other static me... |
1004979 | which airport is closest to london bridge? | [
{
"title": "Major airports near Stamford Bridge:",
"text": "If you are planning a trip, check the exact driving distance to/from the airport and verify all information before booking. The nearest major airport is London City Airport (LCY / EGLC). This airport has international and domestic flights from Lond... | [
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"1155946",
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] | [
{
"title": "What is the nearest airport to the centre of london?",
"text": "Nearest airport is irrelevant, London is served by 5 airports, the relevance is which airline flies to which airport."
},
{
"title": "Which Airport is the nearest to the center/downtown of London?Heathrow or London City Airp... |
1005307 | which animals are cnidarians | [
{
"title": "What makes a cnidarian unique?",
"text": "Addition: Cnidarians take their name from cnidocyte cells, most of which contain a nematocyst-a stinging cell that injects a toxin. Only Cnidarians have nematocysts. All cnidarian forms are either a sedentary polyp or a floating/free-swimming medusa.They... | [
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] | [
{
"title": "What are cnidarians characteristics?",
"text": "The characteristic that gives cnidarians their name is: cnidarian means nettle and nettles are plants that release stinging barbs into the skin. All cnidarians have stinging⦠cell's. Cnidarians have complex tissues, a gut for digesting food, and ... |
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😊 Training Dense Retrievers with Multiple Positive Passages
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Overview
This repository contains the dataset used in our paper: "Training Dense Retrievers with Multiple Positive Passages".
Using the Qwen3-32B, we annotate utility on the MS MARCO dataset.
For NQ and hybrid test set, see Utility_focused_annotation
Our paper presents a systematic study of multi-positive optimization objectives for dense retrieval, unifying representative listwise and pairwise losses under a contrastive learning framework. Through theoretical analysis and extensive experiments on NQ, MS MARCO, and BEIR, we investigate how different objectives leverage multiple positive passages and demonstrate that LSEPair achieves strong robustness and retrieval performance across diverse supervision settings.
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