Tr4m0ryp/espresso-v2-carbon-water-data

ESPResso V2: Textile Carbon & Water Footprint Training Data

50,000 synthetic records for product-level carbon and water footprint prediction in textiles, generated by a 7-layer LLM-orchestrated pipeline with deterministic C99 calculation engines. Developed at the University of Amsterdam.

Dataset Description

The textile industry faces mounting regulatory pressure under the EU ESPR and Digital Product Passport mandate to quantify product-level environmental footprints. Comprehensive Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) data is prohibitively expensive to produce at scale, creating a barrier for the thousands of brands that must comply.

ESPResso V2 addresses this gap by providing two training datasets spanning 47 product categories, 105 subcategories, and 87 base materials across fashion and apparel:

• carbon_footprint.parquet -- 49,732 records, 27 columns. Material composition, manufacturing sequences, transport logistics, packaging, and carbon footprint targets broken down by lifecycle stage (raw materials, transport, processing, packaging) in kgCO2e.
• water_footprint.parquet -- 50,480 records, 15 columns. Material composition, manufacturing, supply chain geography with AWARE water stress factors, and water footprint targets by lifecycle stage in m3 world-equivalent.
• category_stats.json -- Per-category statistics for all 47 product categories.

Data Sources

The deterministic calculation engines draw on established environmental databases and standards:

• EcoInvent 3.12: Emission factors (kgCO2e/kg) and water use intensities (m3/kg)
• Agribalyse 3.2: Agricultural water footprint data for natural fibers
• AWARE 2.0: Country-level water stress characterization factors (range 0.1 to 100)
• Standards: ISO 14040/14044 (LCA framework), PEFCR v3.1 (Product Environmental Footprint Category Rules)

Generation Methodology

The data is produced by a 7-layer pipeline that separates creative configuration from deterministic calculation:

• Layers 1--4: Claude Sonnet 4.6 generates realistic product configurations -- material blends, ordered manufacturing sequences, multi-leg transport routes with WGS84 coordinates, and packaging specifications.
• Layer 5: Claude Sonnet 4.5 validates outputs through a 5-stage quality gate: MD5 integrity checks, semantic coherence scoring (threshold >= 0.85), 3-sigma statistical outlier detection, deduplication, and reward model scoring.
• Layers 6--7: Deterministic C99 engines compute carbon and water footprints from the established emission factor databases listed above. No LLM is involved in the footprint calculation itself.

Key design principle: LLMs generate realistic supply chain configurations; deterministic engines compute ground-truth footprints from peer-reviewed emission factor databases.

Column Schema

carbon_footprint.parquet (49,732 records, 27 columns)

Column	Type	Description
record_id	string	Unique record identifier
category_name	string	Product category (47 values, e.g., Dresses, Jeans, Knitwear)
subcategory_name	string	Product subcategory (105 values)
materials	string (JSON list)	List of material names
material_percentages	string (JSON list)	Weight percentages per material (sum to 100%)
total_weight_kg	float64	Total product weight in kg
total_packaging_mass_kg	float64	Total packaging mass in kg
preprocessing_steps	string (JSON list)	Ordered manufacturing steps
step_locations	string (JSON dict)	WGS84 coordinates per processing step
packaging_categories	string (JSON list)	Packaging material types
packaging_masses_kg	string (JSON list)	Mass per packaging component in kg
step_zscore	float64	Quality z-score for processing steps
stage_coverage	float64	Manufacturing stage coverage score (0--1)
material_chains	string (JSON dict)	Per-material processing chains with coordinates
road_km	float64	Total road transport distance in km
sea_km	float64	Total sea transport distance in km
rail_km	float64	Total rail transport distance in km
air_km	float64	Total air transport distance in km
inland_waterway_km	float64	Total inland waterway distance in km
total_transport_distance_km	float64	Sum of all transport distances in km
road_frac	float64	Road fraction of total transport
sea_frac	float64	Sea fraction of total transport
cf_raw_materials_kg_co2e	float64	Target: Raw materials carbon footprint in kgCO2e
cf_transport_kg_co2e	float64	Target: Transport carbon footprint in kgCO2e
cf_processing_kg_co2e	float64	Target: Processing carbon footprint in kgCO2e
cf_packaging_kg_co2e	float64	Target: Packaging carbon footprint in kgCO2e
is_outlier	bool	Statistical outlier flag

water_footprint.parquet (50,480 records, 15 columns)

Column	Type	Description
record_id	string	Unique record identifier
category_name	string	Product category (47 values)
subcategory_name	string	Product subcategory (105 values)
materials	string (JSON list)	List of material names
material_weights_kg	string (JSON list)	Per-material weights in kg
material_percentages	string (JSON list)	Weight percentages per material
preprocessing_steps	string (JSON list)	Ordered manufacturing steps
total_weight_kg	float64	Total product weight in kg
total_packaging_mass_kg	float64	Total packaging mass in kg
packaging_categories	string (JSON list)	Packaging material types
material_journeys	string (JSON list)	Origin/processing countries with coordinates and AWARE factors
wf_raw_materials_m3_world_eq	float64	Target: Raw materials water footprint in m3 world-eq
wf_processing_m3_world_eq	float64	Target: Processing water footprint in m3 world-eq
wf_packaging_m3_world_eq	float64	Target: Packaging water footprint in m3 world-eq
wf_total_m3_world_eq	float64	Target: Total water footprint in m3 world-eq

Target Variable Statistics

Carbon footprint targets

Target	Min	Max	Mean	Std
Raw materials	0.073 kgCO2e	47.672 kgCO2e	4.347 kgCO2e	5.153 kgCO2e
Transport	0.000 kgCO2e	8.465 kgCO2e	0.263 kgCO2e	0.245 kgCO2e
Processing	0.033 kgCO2e	27.881 kgCO2e	3.729 kgCO2e	2.898 kgCO2e
Packaging	0.066 kgCO2e	0.749 kgCO2e	0.246 kgCO2e	0.102 kgCO2e
Total	0.294 kgCO2e	67.946 kgCO2e	8.585 kgCO2e	7.453 kgCO2e

Water footprint targets

Target	Min	Max	Mean	Std
Raw materials	0.000 m3	86.418 m3	4.247 m3	6.840 m3
Processing	0.001 m3	25.965 m3	1.295 m3	1.588 m3
Packaging	0.000 m3	0.007 m3	0.002 m3	0.001 m3
Total	0.006 m3	112.385 m3	5.544 m3	7.716 m3

Footprint Formulations

Carbon footprint

$$C{F}_{\text{total}}=(C{F}_{\text{raw}}+C{F}_{\text{processing}}+C{F}_{\text{transport}}+C{F}_{\text{packaging}})\times 1.02CF\_\{\backslash text\{total\}\}\; =\; (CF\_\{\backslash text\{raw\}\}\; +\; CF\_\{\backslash text\{processing\}\}\; +\; CF\_\{\backslash text\{transport\}\}\; +\; CF\_\{\backslash text\{packaging\}\})\; \backslash times\; 1.02$$

Where:

• $CF_{\text{raw}} = \sum_i w_i \cdot EF_i$ -- mass times emission factor per material
• $CF_{\text{processing}} = \sum_s EF_{\text{step}(s)} \cdot w_{\text{material}(s)}$ -- energy intensity times mass per manufacturing step
• $CF_{\text{transport}} = \sum_{l=1}^{L} d_l \cdot m \cdot EF_{\text{mode}(l)}$ -- per-leg distance, mass, and transport mode factor
• $CF_{\text{packaging}} = \sum_p w_p \cdot EF_p$ -- packaging mass times emission factor

The 1.02 multiplier accounts for a 2% end-of-life overhead factor.

Water footprint

The water footprint follows the AWARE 2.0 methodology, where location-specific water stress characterization factors amplify volumetric water consumption:

• $WF_{\text{raw}} = \sum_i w_i \cdot WU_i \cdot CF_{\text{AWARE}}(c_i)$
• $WF_{\text{processing}} = \sum_s WU_{\text{step}(s)} \cdot w_{\text{material}(s)} \cdot CF_{\text{AWARE}}(c_s)$
• $WF_{\text{packaging}} = \sum_p w_p \cdot WU_p \cdot CF_{\text{AWARE}}(c_p)$

AWARE characterization factors range from 0.1 (water-abundant regions) to 100 (severely water-stressed regions), creating up to 40--100x geographic variance in water footprint for the same physical water volume.

Intended Use

Primary use: Train machine learning models to predict product-level carbon and water footprints from partial supply chain data. The companion ESPResso V2 models achieve R2 = 0.988 (carbon) and R2 = 0.969 (water) on held-out test sets.

Additional uses:

• Benchmarking multi-output regression architectures on environmental impact data
• Studying material-geography-footprint relationships in textile supply chains
• Building sustainable fashion recommendation or decision-support systems
• Educational use in LCA and environmental informatics courses

Limitations and Out-of-Scope Uses

• This dataset is not a substitute for formal LCA conducted by certified practitioners under ISO 14040/14044.
• The data is synthetic -- it covers realistic but not exhaustive product configurations.
• Emission factors are drawn from EcoInvent 3.12 (2024) and will require updating as databases are revised.
• Coverage is limited to 47 textile product categories; non-textile products are not represented.
• Transport distances are computed from WGS84 coordinates and may not reflect actual routing.

Usage Example

Using the Hugging Face datasets library:

from datasets import load_dataset

ds = load_dataset("Tr4m0ryp/espresso-v2-carbon-water-data")

# Access carbon footprint data
carbon = ds["carbon_footprint"]
print(f"Carbon records: {len(carbon)}")

# Access water footprint data
water = ds["water_footprint"]
print(f"Water records: {len(water)}")

Or load directly with pandas:

import pandas as pd

carbon = pd.read_parquet(
    "hf://datasets/Tr4m0ryp/espresso-v2-carbon-water-data/carbon_footprint.parquet"
)
water = pd.read_parquet(
    "hf://datasets/Tr4m0ryp/espresso-v2-carbon-water-data/water_footprint.parquet"
)

Dataset Splits

No pre-defined splits are provided. The companion ESPResso V2 models use a 70/15/15 train/validation/test split stratified by product category.

Citation

@misc{espresso-v2-2026,
  title={ESPResso V2: LLM-Orchestrated Synthetic Data Pipeline and Neural Estimation
         of Product-Level Carbon and Water Footprints in Textiles},
  author={Ouallaf, Moussa},
  year={2026},
  institution={University of Amsterdam},
  url={https://github.com/tr4m0ryp/ESPResso-V2}
}

License

CC BY-SA 4.0. If you use this dataset, please cite the ESPResso V2 project.

Acknowledgments

• University of Amsterdam
• UvA AI Chat (LLM API access for data generation)
• EcoInvent 3.12, Agribalyse 3.2, AWARE 2.0 (environmental databases)
• ISO 14040/14044, PEFCR v3.1 (methodological standards)