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Below is an instruction from Human. Write a response. ### Instruction: Who is at risk for Parasites - American Trypanosomiasis (also known as Chagas Disease)? ? ### Response: Chagas disease, or American trypanosomiasis, is caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. Infection is most commonly acquired thr...
Below is an instruction from Human. Write a response. ### Instruction: How to diagnose Parasites - American Trypanosomiasis (also known as Chagas Disease) ? ### Response: The diagnosis of Chagas disease can be made by observation of the parasite in a blood smear by microscopic examination. A thick and t...
Below is an instruction from Human. Write a response. ### Instruction: What are the treatments for Parasites - American Trypanosomiasis (also known as Chagas Disease) ? ### Response: Treatment for Chagas disease is recommended for all people diagnosed with an acute infection, congenital infection, and f...
Below is an instruction from Human. Write a response. ### Instruction: How to prevent Parasites - American Trypanosomiasis (also known as Chagas Disease) ? ### Response: In endemic areas of Mexico, Central America, and South America improved housing and spraying insecticide inside housing to eliminate t...
Below is an instruction from Human. Write a response. ### Instruction: Who is at risk for Nocardiosis? ? ### Response: The bacteria that cause nocardiosis are commonly found in soil and water. You could become sick with nocardiosis if: - You inhale (breathe in) the bacteria - Bacteri...
Below is an instruction from Human. Write a response. ### Instruction: Who is at risk for Nocardiosis? ? ### Response: People with very weak immune (body defense) systems are at risk for getting nocardiosis. Several diseases and circumstances can cause the immune system to be weak. These include: ...
Below is an instruction from Human. Write a response. ### Instruction: What are the symptoms of Nocardiosis ? ### Response: The symptoms of nocardiosis vary depending on which part of your body is affected. Nocardiosis infection most commonly occurs in the lung. If your lungs are infected, you can ...
Below is an instruction from Human. Write a response. ### Instruction: What are the treatments for Nocardiosis ? ### Response: If you think you might be sick with nocardiosis, talk to your doctor. He or she can help find out if you have the disease by performing tests that can identify the bacteria...
Below is an instruction from Human. Write a response. ### Instruction: Who is at risk for Chapare Hemorrhagic Fever (CHHF)? ? ### Response: Like all arenaviruses, Chapare virus has a rodent host as its reservoir. Humans can contract CHHF through contact with an infected rodent. Contact can be direct or ...
Below is an instruction from Human. Write a response. ### Instruction: What are the symptoms of Chapare Hemorrhagic Fever (CHHF) ? ### Response: The symptoms of CHHF, as reported in the only described patient, resemble those of other South American hemorrhagic fevers, such as Argentine HF or Bolivian HF...
Below is an instruction from Human. Write a response. ### Instruction: How to diagnose Chapare Hemorrhagic Fever (CHHF) ? ### Response: CHHF virus has been successfully isolated from both blood and serum during the acute febrile phase of illness. Although not undertaken at the time of the initial cluste...
Below is an instruction from Human. Write a response. ### Instruction: What are the treatments for Chapare Hemorrhagic Fever (CHHF) ? ### Response: Supportive therapy is important in CHHF. This includes: - maintenance of hydration - management of shock - sedation - pain relief ...
Below is an instruction from Human. Write a response. ### Instruction: How to prevent Chapare Hemorrhagic Fever (CHHF) ? ### Response: Although rodent control would be desirable, it will not be a successful strategy for preventing Chapare hemorrhagic fever cases caused by exposures outdoors. As for...
Below is an instruction from Human. Write a response. ### Instruction: what is yersiniosis for Yersinia ? ### Response: Yersiniosis is an infectious disease caused by a bacterium of the genus Yersinia. In the United States, most human illness is caused by one species, Y. enterocolitica. Infection with Y...
Below is an instruction from Human. Write a response. ### Instruction: how common is infection with y. enterocolitica for Yersinia ? ### Response: Y. enterocolitica is a relatively infrequent cause of diarrhea and abdominal pain. Based on data from the Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (Foo...
Below is an instruction from Human. Write a response. ### Instruction: how can y. enterocolitica infections be diagnosed for Yersinia ? ### Response: Y. enterocolitica infections are generally diagnosed by detecting the organism in the stools. Many laboratories do not routinely test for Y. enterocolitic...
Below is an instruction from Human. Write a response. ### Instruction: how can y. enterocolitica infections be treated for Yersinia ? ### Response: Uncomplicated cases of diarrhea due to Y. enterocolitica usually resolve on their own without antibiotic treatment. However, in more severe or complicated i...
Below is an instruction from Human. Write a response. ### Instruction: what are public health agencies doing to prevent or control yersiniosis for Yersinia ? ### Response: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) monitors the frequency of Y. enterocolitica infections through the foodborne di...
Below is an instruction from Human. Write a response. ### Instruction: what are public health agencies doing to prevent or control yersiniosis for Yersinia ? ### Response: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) monitors the frequency of Y. enterocolitica infections through the foodborne di...
Below is an instruction from Human. Write a response. ### Instruction: Who is at risk for Parasites - Lymphatic Filariasis? ? ### Response: There are three different filarial species that can cause lymphatic filariasis in humans. Most of the infections worldwide are caused by Wuchereria bancrofti. In As...
Below is an instruction from Human. Write a response. ### Instruction: How to diagnose Parasites - Lymphatic Filariasis ? ### Response: The standard method for diagnosing active infection is the identification of microfilariae in a blood smear by microscopic examination. The microfilariae that cause lym...
Below is an instruction from Human. Write a response. ### Instruction: What are the treatments for Parasites - Lymphatic Filariasis ? ### Response: Patients currently infected with the parasite Diethylcarbamazine (DEC) is the drug of choice in the United States. The drug kills the microfilaria and ...
Below is an instruction from Human. Write a response. ### Instruction: How to prevent Parasites - Lymphatic Filariasis ? ### Response: The best way to prevent lymphatic filariasis is to avoid mosquito bites. The mosquitoes that carry the microscopic worms usually bite between the hours of dusk and dawn....
Below is an instruction from Human. Write a response. ### Instruction: How to prevent Parasites - Lymphatic Filariasis ? ### Response: The best way to prevent lymphatic filariasis is to avoid mosquito bites. The mosquitoes that carry the microscopic worms usually bite between the hours of dusk and dawn....
Below is an instruction from Human. Write a response. ### Instruction: Who is at risk for Parasites - Loiasis? ? ### Response: Loa loa parasites are found in West and Central Africa. Ten countries have areas where there are high rates of infection (i.e., where more than 40% of the people who live in tha...
Below is an instruction from Human. Write a response. ### Instruction: How to diagnose Parasites - Loiasis ? ### Response: In people who have been bitten by the flies that carry Loa loa in areas where Loa loa is known to exist, the diagnosis can be made in the following ways: - Identification of t...
Below is an instruction from Human. Write a response. ### Instruction: What are the treatments for Parasites - Loiasis ? ### Response: Decisions about treatment of loiasis can be difficult and often require advice from an expert in infectious diseases or tropical medicine. Although surgical removal of a...
Below is an instruction from Human. Write a response. ### Instruction: How to prevent Parasites - Loiasis ? ### Response: There are no programs to control or eliminate loiasis in affected areas. Your risk of infection may be less in areas where communities receive regular treatment for onchocerciasis or...
Below is an instruction from Human. Write a response. ### Instruction: Who is at risk for Omsk Hemorrhagic Fever (OHF)? ? ### Response: Humans can become infected through tick bites or through contact with the blood, feces, or urine of an infected, sick, or dead animal – most commonly, rodents. Occupati...
Below is an instruction from Human. Write a response. ### Instruction: What are the symptoms of Omsk Hemorrhagic Fever (OHF) ? ### Response: After an incubation period of 3-8 days, the symptoms of OHF begin suddenly with chills, fever, headache, and severe muscle pain with vomiting, gastrointestinal sym...
Below is an instruction from Human. Write a response. ### Instruction: Who is at risk for Omsk Hemorrhagic Fever (OHF)? ? ### Response: In areas where rodent reservoirs and tick species are prevalent, people with recreational or occupational exposure to rural or outdoor settings (e.g., hunters, campers,...
Below is an instruction from Human. Write a response. ### Instruction: Who is at risk for Omsk Hemorrhagic Fever (OHF)? ? ### Response: In areas where rodent reservoirs and tick species are prevalent, people with recreational or occupational exposure to rural or outdoor settings (e.g., hunters, campers,...
Below is an instruction from Human. Write a response. ### Instruction: What are the treatments for Omsk Hemorrhagic Fever (OHF) ? ### Response: There is no specific treatment for OHF, but supportive therapy is important. Supportive therapy includes the maintenance of hydration and the usual precautions ...
Below is an instruction from Human. Write a response. ### Instruction: How to prevent Omsk Hemorrhagic Fever (OHF) ? ### Response: There is no vaccine currently available for OHF, but vaccines for tick-borne encephalitis disease (TBE) have been shown to confer some immunity and may be used for high-risk...
Below is an instruction from Human. Write a response. ### Instruction: What is (are) Parasites - Enterobiasis (also known as Pinworm Infection) ? ### Response: A pinworm ("threadworm") is a small, thin, white roundworm (nematode) called Enterobius vermicularis that sometimes lives in the colon and rectu...
Below is an instruction from Human. Write a response. ### Instruction: Who is at risk for Parasites - Enterobiasis (also known as Pinworm Infection)? ? ### Response: Risk Factors The people most likely to be infected with pinworm are children under 18, people who take care of infected children and ...
Below is an instruction from Human. Write a response. ### Instruction: How to diagnose Parasites - Enterobiasis (also known as Pinworm Infection) ? ### Response: A person infected with pinworm is often asymptomatic, but itching around the anus is a common symptom. Diagnosis of pinworm can be reached fro...
Below is an instruction from Human. Write a response. ### Instruction: What are the treatments for Parasites - Enterobiasis (also known as Pinworm Infection) ? ### Response: The medications used for the treatment of pinworm are mebendazole, pyrantel pamoate, and albendazole. All three of these drugs are...
Below is an instruction from Human. Write a response. ### Instruction: How to prevent Parasites - Enterobiasis (also known as Pinworm Infection) ? ### Response: Washing your hands with soap and warm water after using the toilet, changing diapers, and before handling food is the most successful way to pr...
Below is an instruction from Human. Write a response. ### Instruction: how is hps diagnosed and treated for Hantavirus ? ### Response: Diagnosing HPS Diagnosing HPS in an individual who has only been infected a few days is difficult, because early symptoms such as fever, muscle aches, and fatigue are...
Below is an instruction from Human. Write a response. ### Instruction: what are the symptoms for Hantavirus ? ### Response: Due to the small number of HPS cases, the "incubation time" is not positively known. However, on the basis of limited information, it appears that symptoms may develop between 1 an...
Below is an instruction from Human. Write a response. ### Instruction: how can hps be prevented for Hantavirus ? ### Response: Eliminate or minimize contact with rodents in your home, workplace, or campsite. If rodents don't find that where you are is a good place for them to be, then you're less likely...
Below is an instruction from Human. Write a response. ### Instruction: what is the history of hps for Hantavirus ? ### Response: The "First"Outbreak In May 1993, an outbreak of an unexplained pulmonary illness occurred in the southwestern United States, in an area shared by Arizona, New Mexico, Color...
Below is an instruction from Human. Write a response. ### Instruction: What are the symptoms of Q Fever ? ### Response: Q fever can cause acute or chronic illness in humans, who usually acquire infection after contact with infected animals or exposure to contaminated environments. The acute symptoms cau...
Below is an instruction from Human. Write a response. ### Instruction: What is (are) Q Fever ? ### Response: More detailed information on the diagnosis, management, and treatment of Q fever is available in other sections of this web site and in the materials referenced in the section titled “Further Rea...
Below is an instruction from Human. Write a response. ### Instruction: How to prevent Q Fever ? ### Response: In the United States, Q fever outbreaks have resulted mainly from occupational exposure involving veterinarians, meat processing plant workers, sheep and dairy workers, livestock farmers, and re...
Below is an instruction from Human. Write a response. ### Instruction: Who is at risk for Hendra Virus Disease (HeV)? ? ### Response: Transmission of Hendra virus to humans can occur after exposure to body fluids and tissues or excretions of horses infected with Hendra virus. Horses may be infected a...
Below is an instruction from Human. Write a response. ### Instruction: What are the symptoms of Hendra Virus Disease (HeV) ? ### Response: After an incubation of 9-16 days, infection with Hendra virus can lead to respiratory illness with severe flu-like signs and symptoms. In some cases, illness may pro...
Below is an instruction from Human. Write a response. ### Instruction: Who is at risk for Hendra Virus Disease (HeV)? ? ### Response: Australia’s “Flying fox” bats (genus Pteropus) are the natural reservoir of Hendra virus. Serologic evidence for HeV infection have been found in all fours species of Aus...
Below is an instruction from Human. Write a response. ### Instruction: How to diagnose Hendra Virus Disease (HeV) ? ### Response: Laboratory tests that are used to diagnose Hendra virus (HV) and Nipah virus (NV) include detection of antibody by ELISA (IgG and IgM), real time polymerase chain reaction (R...
Below is an instruction from Human. Write a response. ### Instruction: What are the treatments for Hendra Virus Disease (HeV) ? ### Response: The drug ribavirin has been shown to be effective against the viruses in vitro, but the clinical usefulness of this drug is uncertain. A post-ex...
Below is an instruction from Human. Write a response. ### Instruction: How to prevent Hendra Virus Disease (HeV) ? ### Response: The occurrence of the disease in humans has been associated only with infection of an intermediate species such as horses. Early recognition of the disease in the intermediat...
Below is an instruction from Human. Write a response. ### Instruction: What is (are) Parasites - Zoonotic Hookworm ? ### Response: There are many different species of hookworms, some are human parasites and some are animal parasites. People can be infected by larvae of animal hookworms, usually dog and ...
Below is an instruction from Human. Write a response. ### Instruction: Who is at risk for Parasites - Zoonotic Hookworm? ? ### Response: Dog and cat hookworms are found throughout the world, especially in warmer climates. In the United States, zoonotic hookworms are found everywhere but more commonly al...
Below is an instruction from Human. Write a response. ### Instruction: How to diagnose Parasites - Zoonotic Hookworm ? ### Response: Cutaneous larva migrans (CLM) is a clinical diagnosis based on the presence of the characteristic signs and symptoms, and exposure history to zoonotic hookworm. For exampl...
Below is an instruction from Human. Write a response. ### Instruction: What are the treatments for Parasites - Zoonotic Hookworm ? ### Response: The zoonotic hookworm larvae that cause cutaneous larva migrans (CLM) usually do not survive more than 5 – 6 weeks in the human host. In most patients with CLM...
Below is an instruction from Human. Write a response. ### Instruction: How to prevent Parasites - Zoonotic Hookworm ? ### Response: Wearing shoes and taking other protective measures to avoid skin contact with sand or soil will prevent infection with zoonotic hookworms. Travelers to tropical and subtrop...
Below is an instruction from Human. Write a response. ### Instruction: What is (are) Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) ? ### Response: Chronic fatigue syndrome, or CFS, is a devastating and complex disorder. People with CFS have overwhelming fatigue and a host of other symptoms that are not improved by bed...
Below is an instruction from Human. Write a response. ### Instruction: What causes Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) ? ### Response: Despite a vigorous search, scientists have not yet identified what causes CFS. While a single cause for CFS may yet be identified, another possibility is that CFS has multipl...
Below is an instruction from Human. Write a response. ### Instruction: How to diagnose Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) ? ### Response: Diagnostic Challenges For doctors, diagnosing chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) can be complicated by a number of factors: - There's no lab test or biomarker for CF...
Below is an instruction from Human. Write a response. ### Instruction: What are the symptoms of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) ? ### Response: Chronic fatigue syndrome can be misdiagnosed or overlooked because its symptoms are similar to so many other illnesses. Fatigue, for instance, can be a symptom f...
Below is an instruction from Human. Write a response. ### Instruction: What are the treatments for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) ? ### Response: Introduction Managing chronic fatigue syndrome can be as complex as the illness itself. There is no cure, no prescription drugs have been developed specifi...
Below is an instruction from Human. Write a response. ### Instruction: What are the symptoms of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF) ? ### Response: The first symptoms of Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) typically begin 2-14 days after the bite of an infected tick. A tick bite is usually painless and ...
Below is an instruction from Human. Write a response. ### Instruction: What is (are) Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF) ? ### Response: More detailed information on the diagnosis, management, and treatment of tickborne rickettsial diseases is available in Diagnosis and Management of Tickborne Rickettsi...
Below is an instruction from Human. Write a response. ### Instruction: What is (are) Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF) ? ### Response: More detailed information on the diagnosis, management, and treatment of tickborne rickettsial diseases is available in Diagnosis and Management of Tickborne Rickettsi...
Below is an instruction from Human. Write a response. ### Instruction: Who is at risk for Parasites - African Trypanosomiasis (also known as Sleeping Sickness)? ? ### Response: There are two subspecies of the parasite Trypanosoma brucei that cause disease in humans. The clinical features of the infectio...
Below is an instruction from Human. Write a response. ### Instruction: How to diagnose Parasites - African Trypanosomiasis (also known as Sleeping Sickness) ? ### Response: The diagnosis of African Trypanosomiasis is made through laboratory methods, because the clinical features of infection are not suf...
Below is an instruction from Human. Write a response. ### Instruction: What are the treatments for Parasites - African Trypanosomiasis (also known as Sleeping Sickness) ? ### Response: All persons diagnosed with African Trypanosomiasis should receive treatment. The specific drug and treatment course wil...
Below is an instruction from Human. Write a response. ### Instruction: How to prevent Parasites - African Trypanosomiasis (also known as Sleeping Sickness) ? ### Response: There is no vaccine or drug for prophylaxis against African trypanosomiasis. Preventive measures are aimed at minimizing contact wit...
Below is an instruction from Human. Write a response. ### Instruction: How to prevent Varicella (Chickenpox) Vaccination ? ### Response: At a Glance Vaccine-preventable disease levels are at or near record lows. Even though most infants and toddlers have received all recommended vaccines by age 2, ma...
Below is an instruction from Human. Write a response. ### Instruction: What is (are) Parasites - Fascioliasis (Fasciola Infection) ? ### Response: Fascioliasis is an infectious disease caused by Fasciola parasites, which are flat worms referred to as liver flukes. The adult (mature) flukes are found in ...
Below is an instruction from Human. Write a response. ### Instruction: Who is at risk for Parasites - Fascioliasis (Fasciola Infection)? ? ### Response: Fascioliasis occurs in many areas of the world and usually is caused by F. hepatica, which is a common liver fluke of sheep and cattle. In general, fas...
Below is an instruction from Human. Write a response. ### Instruction: How to diagnose Parasites - Fascioliasis (Fasciola Infection) ? ### Response: The standard way to be sure a person is infected with Fasciola is by seeing the parasite. This is usually done by finding Fasciola eggs in stool (fecal) sp...
Below is an instruction from Human. Write a response. ### Instruction: What are the treatments for Parasites - Fascioliasis (Fasciola Infection) ? ### Response: The first step is to make sure the diagnosis is correct. For more information, patients should consult their health care provider. Health care ...
Below is an instruction from Human. Write a response. ### Instruction: How to prevent Parasites - Fascioliasis (Fasciola Infection) ? ### Response: No vaccine is available to protect people against Fasciola infection. In some areas of the world where fascioliasis is found (endemic), special control...
Below is an instruction from Human. Write a response. ### Instruction: What are the symptoms of Anaplasmosis ? ### Response: Anaplasmosis is a disease caused by the bacterium Anaplasma phagocytophilium. This pathogen is transmitted to humans by the bite of an infected tick. The black-legged tick (Ixodes...
Below is an instruction from Human. Write a response. ### Instruction: What is (are) Anaplasmosis ? ### Response: More detailed information on the diagnosis, management, and treatment of anaplasmosis is available in Diagnosis and Management of Tickborne Rickettsial Diseases: Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever...
Below is an instruction from Human. Write a response. ### Instruction: What is (are) Parasites - Echinococcosis ? ### Response: Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) Cystic echinococcosis (CE) disease results from being infected with the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus, a tiny tapeworm (~2-7 mi...
Below is an instruction from Human. Write a response. ### Instruction: Who is at risk for Parasites - Echinococcosis? ? ### Response: Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is caused by infection with the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus. CE is found in Africa, Europe, Asia, the Middle East, Central and Sout...
Below is an instruction from Human. Write a response. ### Instruction: How to diagnose Parasites - Echinococcosis ? ### Response: The presence of a cyst-like mass in a person with a history of exposure to sheepdogs in an area where E. granulosus is endemic suggests a diagnosis of cystic echinococcosis. ...
Below is an instruction from Human. Write a response. ### Instruction: What are the treatments for Parasites - Echinococcosis ? ### Response: In the past, surgery was the only treatment for cystic echinococcal cysts. Chemotherapy, cyst puncture, and PAIR (percutaneous aspiration, injection of chemicals ...
Below is an instruction from Human. Write a response. ### Instruction: How to prevent Parasites - Echinococcosis ? ### Response: Cystic echinococcosis is controlled by preventing transmission of the parasite. Prevention measures include limiting the areas where dogs are allowed and preventing animals fr...
Below is an instruction from Human. Write a response. ### Instruction: What is (are) Parasites - Angiostrongyliasis (also known as Angiostrongylus Infection) ? ### Response: Angiostrongylus cantonensis is a parasitic worm of rats. It is also called the rat lungworm. The adult form of the parasite is fou...
Below is an instruction from Human. Write a response. ### Instruction: What are the treatments for Parasites - Angiostrongyliasis (also known as Angiostrongylus Infection) ? ### Response: Angiostrongylus cantonensis There is no specific treatment for A. cantonensis infection. There is some evidence...
Below is an instruction from Human. Write a response. ### Instruction: What are the symptoms of Typhoid Fever ? ### Response: Persons with typhoid fever usually have a sustained fever as high as 103° to 104° F (39° to 40° C). They may also feel weak, or have stomach pains, headache, or loss of appetite....
Below is an instruction from Human. Write a response. ### Instruction: Who is at risk for Parasites - Ascariasis? ? ### Response: Ascaris infection is one of the most common intestinal worm infections. It is found in association with poor personal hygiene, poor sanitation, and in places where human fece...
Below is an instruction from Human. Write a response. ### Instruction: Who is at risk for Parasites - Ascariasis? ? ### Response: Ascaris infection is one of the most common intestinal worm infections. It is found in association with poor personal hygiene, poor sanitation, and in places where human fece...
Below is an instruction from Human. Write a response. ### Instruction: What are the treatments for Parasites - Ascariasis ? ### Response: Anthelminthic medications (drugs that rid the body of parasitic worms), such as albendazole and mebendazole, are the drugs of choice for treatment of Ascaris infectio...
Below is an instruction from Human. Write a response. ### Instruction: How to prevent Parasites - Ascariasis ? ### Response: The best way to prevent ascariasis is to always: - Avoid ingesting soil that may be contaminated with human feces, including where human fecal matter ("night soil") or w...
Below is an instruction from Human. Write a response. ### Instruction: How to diagnose 2009 H1N1 Flu ? ### Response: Content on this page was developed during the 2009-2010 H1N1 pandemic and has not been updated. - The H1N1 virus that caused that pandemic is now a regular human flu virus and c...
Below is an instruction from Human. Write a response. ### Instruction: What are the treatments for 2009 H1N1 Flu ? ### Response: Content on this page was developed during the 2009-2010 H1N1 pandemic and has not been updated. - The H1N1 virus that caused that pandemic is now a regular human flu...
Below is an instruction from Human. Write a response. ### Instruction: Who is at risk for Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF)? ? ### Response: Ixodid (hard) ticks, especially those of the genus, Hyalomma, are both a reservoir and a vector for the CCHF virus. Numerous wild and domestic animals, such a...
Below is an instruction from Human. Write a response. ### Instruction: What are the symptoms of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) ? ### Response: The onset of CCHF is sudden, with initial signs and symptoms including headache, high fever, back pain, joint pain, stomach pain, and vomiting. Red eyes,...
Below is an instruction from Human. Write a response. ### Instruction: Who is at risk for Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF)? ? ### Response: Animal herders, livestock workers, and slaughterhouse workers in endemic areas are at risk of CCHF. Healthcare workers in endemic areas are at risk of infecti...
Below is an instruction from Human. Write a response. ### Instruction: What are the treatments for Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) ? ### Response: Treatment for CCHF is primarily supportive. Care should include careful attention to fluid balance and correction of electrolyte abnormalities, oxygen...
Below is an instruction from Human. Write a response. ### Instruction: How to prevent Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) ? ### Response: Agricultural workers and others working with animals should use insect repellent on exposed skin and clothing. Insect repellants containing DEET (N, N-diethyl-m-to...
Below is an instruction from Human. Write a response. ### Instruction: How to prevent Eastern Equine Encephalitis ? ### Response: There is no vaccine against Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) for humans. Reducing exposure to mosquitoes is the best defense against infection with EEEV and other mos...
Below is an instruction from Human. Write a response. ### Instruction: What are the symptoms of Lujo Hemorrhagic Fever (LUHF) ? ### Response: The symptoms of Lujo hemorrhagic fever, as described in the five patients in the original cluster outbreak, resemble those of severe Lassa Fever. After an incubat...
Below is an instruction from Human. Write a response. ### Instruction: Who is at risk for Lujo Hemorrhagic Fever (LUHF)? ? ### Response: Lujo hemorrhagic fever (LUHF) occurs in southern Africa. The initial case was certainly infected in Zambia. Field workers Field workers are at greatest risk b...
Below is an instruction from Human. Write a response. ### Instruction: How to diagnose Lujo Hemorrhagic Fever (LUHF) ? ### Response: During the acute febrile phase, Lujo virus was isolated from blood from days 2 to 13 after onset. Virus was also isolated from liver tissue obtained post-mortem. A subsequ...