| { |
| "schema_version": "1.0.0", |
| "disease_id": "mango.pest_insect.weevil", |
| "aliases": [ |
| "mango seed weevil", |
| "mango nut weevil", |
| "mango stone weevil" |
| ], |
| "crop": { |
| "common_name": "mango", |
| "scientific_name": "Mangifera indica", |
| "family": "Anacardiaceae" |
| }, |
| "condition": { |
| "common_name": "Mango weevil", |
| "scientific_name": "Sternochetus mangiferae", |
| "alt_names": [ |
| "mango seed weevil" |
| ], |
| "pathogen": { |
| "type": "insect", |
| "taxonomy": { |
| "kingdom": "Animalia", |
| "phylum": "Arthropoda", |
| "class": "Insecta", |
| "order": "Coleoptera", |
| "family": "Curculionidae", |
| "genus": "Sternochetus", |
| "species": "mangiferae" |
| } |
| } |
| }, |
| "issue_type": "pest_insect", |
| "transmission": { |
| "vectors": [ |
| "adult weevil" |
| ], |
| "dispersal": [ |
| "infested fruit transport", |
| "adult flight" |
| ], |
| "overwintering": [ |
| "adults in bark crevices", |
| "under plant debris", |
| "larvae/pupae inside fallen fruit/seeds" |
| ] |
| }, |
| "environmental_risk": { |
| "risk_factors": [ |
| "Presence of fallen, uncollected fruit", |
| "Nearby infested orchards", |
| "Poor orchard sanitation" |
| ], |
| "temp_c_day": [ |
| 25, |
| 35 |
| ], |
| "temp_c_night": [], |
| "relative_humidity_pct": [ |
| 60, |
| 90 |
| ], |
| "leaf_wetness_hours_threshold": 0 |
| }, |
| "severity_rubric": { |
| "unit": "qualitative", |
| "mild": "Few fruits (<10%) show single oviposition scars or minor sap ooze. Internal damage is rare upon inspection.", |
| "moderate": "Multiple fruits (10-40%) show external signs. Some premature fruit drop may be observed. Weevils found in a notable portion of cut-open fruit.", |
| "severe": "Widespread fruit damage (>40%), significant premature fruit drop. High percentage of seeds are infested. Adult weevils may be visible on the tree.", |
| "notes": "Severity is best assessed by inspecting fallen or harvested fruit, as early signs are subtle. Cutting fruit open is required for confirmation of internal damage." |
| }, |
| "symptoms": { |
| "leaves": [ |
| "Adult feeding may cause small, irregular notches on the edges of tender leaves." |
| ], |
| "stems": [ |
| "Adult weevils may be seen resting on twigs and branches, especially at night." |
| ], |
| "fruit": [ |
| "Small, dark, crescent-shaped or V-shaped oviposition scars on the skin of young fruit.", |
| "Clear, amber, or brownish sap oozing from egg-laying punctures, which later dries.", |
| "A hardened, resinous, dark brown spot on the fruit skin at the point of larval entry.", |
| "Premature drop of infested young fruit.", |
| "Internal tunneling and feeding damage within the seed/stone, visible when cut.", |
| "A large, circular exit hole (~8-10mm) in the stone and fruit pulp after the adult emerges.", |
| "Discolored, rotting pulp immediately surrounding the infested seed." |
| ], |
| "roots": [], |
| "whole_plant": [ |
| "Reduced yield due to premature fruit drop and unmarketable fruit." |
| ], |
| "signs_microscopic_or_visible": [ |
| "Dark grey or brown, stout-bodied, snout-nosed adult weevils (~6-9 mm long).", |
| "White, legless, C-shaped grubs (larvae) found inside the seed when cut open." |
| ] |
| }, |
| "lookalikes": [ |
| { |
| "condition_name": "Gall midge", |
| "condition_id": "mango.pest_insect.gall_midge", |
| "key_differences": [ |
| "Gall midge causes small, raised, circular black galls on fruit skin, not crescent-shaped scars.", |
| "Gall midge damage is superficial, creating pimple-like spots, whereas weevil damage is deep, leading to the seed.", |
| "Gall midge larvae are tiny pinkish maggots found just under the skin, not large white grubs inside the seed." |
| ] |
| }, |
| { |
| "condition_name": "Anthracnose", |
| "condition_id": "mango.fungal.anthracnose", |
| "key_differences": [ |
| "Anthracnose causes large, dark, sunken, irregular blotches on fruit, not a small, distinct puncture mark.", |
| "Anthracnose lesions may produce pinkish spore masses in humid weather, which is absent in weevil damage.", |
| "Weevil damage originates from a single point and goes inward; anthracnose spreads across the fruit surface.", |
| "Anthracnose also causes severe leaf spotting and blossom blight, which are not primary symptoms of weevils." |
| ] |
| }, |
| { |
| "condition_name": "Bacterial canker", |
| "condition_id": "mango.bacterial.canker", |
| "key_differences": [ |
| "Bacterial canker causes angular, water-soaked, black lesions that crack open, unlike the sealed puncture of a weevil.", |
| "Ooze from bacterial canker is a gummy, bacterial exudate, distinct from the clearer sap from a weevil oviposition site.", |
| "The primary damage from weevil is a grub inside the seed, not a bacterial infection causing rot throughout the pulp." |
| ] |
| } |
| ], |
| "management": { |
| "cultural": [ |
| "Implement strict orchard sanitation by collecting and destroying all fallen fruit and seeds to break the pest's life cycle.", |
| "Prune trees to maintain an open canopy, which can deter adult weevils.", |
| "Harvest fruit as early as commercially viable to reduce the window for infestation." |
| ], |
| "biological": [ |
| "Application of entomopathogenic fungi (e.g., Beauveria bassiana) to target adult weevils.", |
| "Conservation of natural enemies, such as weaver ants (Oecophylla smaragdina), which are known predators." |
| ], |
| "chemical": [ |
| "Apply registered insecticides to the canopy, targeting adult weevils before they lay eggs on young fruit.", |
| "Timing of sprays is critical and should coincide with fruit development (marble to golf-ball size).", |
| "Consult local extension services for recommended active ingredients and application schedules." |
| ], |
| "notes": "Control must target the adult weevil stage, as larvae developing inside the seed are protected from most chemical treatments." |
| } |
| } |
