text stringlengths 250 8.07k | chapter stringlengths 0 118 | section stringclasses 97
values | subsection stringclasses 1
value | chunk_ids listlengths 1 7 | num_source_chunks int64 1 7 | char_count int64 250 8.07k |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[UNESCO General History of Africa]
UNESCO General History of Africa
Volume I Methodology and African Prehistory
(Editor J. Ki-Zerbo)
Volume II Ancient Civilizations of Africa
(Editor G. Mokhtar)
Volume III Africa from the Seventh to the Eleventh Century
(Editor M. El Fasi)
(Assistant Editor I. Hrbek)
Volume IV Africa... | UNESCO General History of Africa | [
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_3"
] | 1 | 901 | ||
[GENERAL HISTORY OF AFRICA \cdot X | Africa and its Diasporas EDITOR VANICLÉIA SILVA SANTOS]
GENERAL HISTORY OF AFRICA \cdot X
Africa and its Diasporas EDITOR VANICLÉIA SILVA SANTOS
Published in 2025 by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, 7, place de Fontenoy, 75352 Paris 07 SP, Fra... | GENERAL HISTORY OF AFRICA \cdot X | Africa and its Diasporas EDITOR VANICLÉIA SILVA SANTOS | [
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_4"
] | 1 | 403 | |
[(0)]
(0)
This publication is available in Open Access under the Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO (CC-BY-SA 3.0 IGO) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/igo/). By using the content of this publication, the users accept to be bound by the terms of use of the UNESCO Open Access Repository (https://www.... | (0) | [
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_5"
] | 1 | 992 | ||
[(0) | Coordination at UNESCO]
Coordination at UNESCO
Coordination and management: Mouhamadou Lamine Diagne, General History of Africa Programme UNESCO coordination team members: Ali Moussa Iye (retd.), Tabue Nguma, Mohamed Ziadah (decd.), Nyasha Kwedza, Dioulli Kane, Jihane Laaziz, Maissa Gourar, Marlova Jovchelovit... | (0) | Coordination at UNESCO | [
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_6"
] | 1 | 786 | |
[ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS]
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
UNESCO acknowledges with gratitude the generous contributions received for the production of this publication from the following public and private partners (in alphabetical order): Government of Angola, Government of Brazil, Companhia Energética de Minas Gerais, Escola Superior Do... | ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS | [
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_7"
] | 1 | 414 | ||
[IN MEMORIAM]
IN MEMORIAM
We would like to express our gratitude to the experts below for their contributions to the new General History of Africa, Volumes IX-XI:
Professor Ambassador (retired) Olabiyi Joseph Babalola Yai, Benin, member of the International Scientific Committee for the drafting of the new volumes of... | IN MEMORIAM | [
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_8"
] | 1 | 675 | ||
[CONTENTS]
CONTENTS
List of Figures ..... XV
List of Tables and Graphics ..... XIX
Foreword by Audrey Azoulay, Director-General of UNESCO ..... XXI
General introduction: Reconceptualizing the History of Africa and its Diasporas (Augustin F. C. HOLL, the Chair of the Scientific Committee) ..... XXV
Introduction: Histo... | CONTENTS | [
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_9",
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_10",
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_11"
] | 3 | 6,148 | ||
[CONTENTS]
36 Back to Africa: The Return of Slaves Freed in Brazil (Mônica LIMA E SOUZA) ..... 815
Section III: Life Stories and Freedom Narratives of Global Africa (Coordinator, Paul E. LOVEJOY)
Introduction: Life Stories and Freedom Narratives of Global Africa (Paul E. LOVEJOY) ..... 829
I Children in the Indian Oc... | CONTENTS | [
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_9",
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_10",
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_11"
] | 3 | 2,598 | ||
[LIST OF FIGURES]
LIST OF FIGURES
Section I
Chapter 8
Figure 1 Liu Guangdao's painting Yuan Shizu Hunting (1280 CE) ..... 145
Figure 2 Black Pottery figure in Madame Pei's Tomb (850 CE) found in 1954 in Xi-an ..... 146
Figure 3 Young African students in China photographed with the author (Dr Imen Belhadj from Tunisia... | LIST OF FIGURES | [
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_14",
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_15"
] | 2 | 4,123 | ||
[LIST OF TABLES AND GRAPHICS]
LIST OF TABLES AND GRAPHICS
Section I
Chapter 11
Table 1 Share of export commodities produced by Africans in the Americas, 1501-1850 ..... 192
Section II
Chapter 2
Table 1 Sidi Thanedars and rulers of Janjira 1508-1948 ..... 316
Chapter 9
Table 1 Scale of intensity of New World Africanis... | LIST OF TABLES AND GRAPHICS | [
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_16"
] | 1 | 638 | ||
[FOREWORD]
FOREWORD
by Audrey Azoulay, Director-General of UNESCO
In the first volume of the General History of Africa (GHA), published in 1981, historian Joseph Ki-Zerbo of Burkina Faso wrote: "Unless one chooses to live in a state of unconsciousness and alienation, one cannot live without memory, or with a memory ... | FOREWORD | [
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_17",
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_18",
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_19"
] | 3 | 4,875 | ||
[GENERAL INTRODUCTION | Introduction]
Introduction
The UNESCO General History of Africa (GHA) project consists of a three-stage process. The first stage, 'the General History of Africa' stricto-sensu, was launched in the early 1960s, the second, 'the Pedagogical Use of the General History of Africa', in 2009, and the... | GENERAL INTRODUCTION | Introduction | [
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_21"
] | 1 | 1,719 | |
[The launch of the General History of Africa]
The launch of the General History of Africa
The middle of the twentieth century was the crest of a wave of independence of African countries. The legacy of World War II, which pitted the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and Warsaw Pact military alliances against ... | The launch of the General History of Africa | [
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_22",
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_23",
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_24",
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_25"
] | 4 | 5,141 | ||
[The General History of Africa as an alternative]
The General History of Africa as an alternative
The GHA was crafted as an alternative to the Eurocentric views of world history. The search for an alternative to the situation of alienation, domination and dependency has been part of the activities of some individuals... | The General History of Africa as an alternative | [
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_26",
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_27",
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_28"
] | 3 | 4,630 | ||
[GHA volumes I to VIII]
GHA volumes I to VIII
UNESCO's GHA includes the following eight volumes:
Volume I - Methodology and African Prehistory, edited by J. Ki-Zerbo (1981), has 28 chapters and three themes: methodology; archaeology and its techniques; and environmental change and regional sequences.
Volume II - Anc... | GHA volumes I to VIII | [
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_29",
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_30"
] | 2 | 2,972 | ||
[The pedagogical use of the General History of Africa]
The pedagogical use of the General History of Africa
The Pedagogical Use of the General History of Africa project is but the second phase of the GHA long-term objectives. It is geared to shift the momentum back into the hands of Africans and people of African des... | The pedagogical use of the General History of Africa | [
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_31"
] | 1 | 2,095 | ||
[The pedagogical use of the General History of Africa | The post-colonial imperative and new epistemology]
The post-colonial imperative and new epistemology
Some 60 years after the wave of independence of African countries, it was possible to pause and think. The Bretton Woods institutions - the International Monetar... | The pedagogical use of the General History of Africa | The post-colonial imperative and new epistemology | [
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_32",
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_33"
] | 2 | 2,461 | |
[Past Chinese presence in Africa]
Past Chinese presence in Africa
It is not known precisely when Chinese goods reached Africa for the first time. Archaeological research provides a number of clues. An Austrian expedition excavating in Thebes, at Deir el-Madina, found the remains of silk in the hair of a 30-50 year-ol... | Past Chinese presence in Africa | [
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_34",
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_35"
] | 2 | 3,124 | ||
[Past African presence in China]
Past African presence in China
Beyond the presence of surprising animals, such as zebras and giraffes (Chau Ju-Kua, 1911; Ferrand, 1919, 1922; Filesi, 1970; Wheatley, 1961; Talib and Samir, 1988), a number of Africans, through different indirect channels, ended up living in China as e... | Past African presence in China | [
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_36",
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_37"
] | 2 | 2,971 | ||
[An exciting new conjuncture]
An exciting new conjuncture
A conjuncture is the convergence of independent factors that generates a new and unpredictable situation that lasts. The new and exciting conjuncture referred to here is made of four distinct developments: (1) a new institutional framework; (2) the improvement... | An exciting new conjuncture | [
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_38"
] | 1 | 549 | ||
[An exciting new conjuncture | A new institutional framework]
A new institutional framework
The end of the twentieth and the beginning of the twenty-first century witnessed important changes in Africa's political map. After long wars of national liberation, the former Portuguese colonies became sovereign States in th... | An exciting new conjuncture | A new institutional framework | [
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_39",
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_40"
] | 2 | 2,943 | |
[Africa's economic outlook]
Africa's economic outlook
The economic outlook of the entire continent has shifted in the right direction during the last two decades, starting from the 2010s. There are significant variations between regions and countries, but on average, the situation has improved. Globally, major Europe... | Africa's economic outlook | [
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_41"
] | 1 | 1,279 | ||
[The expansion and acceleration of economic cooperation between Africa, Asia and South America]
The expansion and acceleration of economic cooperation between Africa, Asia and South America
The multilateral cooperation between African countries and Asian and South American partners is on the increase. Most Asian econ... | The expansion and acceleration of economic cooperation between Africa, Asia and South America | [
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_42"
] | 1 | 1,203 | ||
[The expansion and acceleration of economic cooperation between Africa, Asia and South America | The development of a multipolar world]
The development of a multipolar world
The collapse of the Soviet empire, symbolized by the fall of the Berlin Wall on 9 November 1989, took all political commentators by surprise. St... | The expansion and acceleration of economic cooperation between Africa, Asia and South America | The development of a multipolar world | [
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_43",
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_44"
] | 2 | 2,388 | |
[The new General History of Africa: an exponential growth]
The new General History of Africa: an exponential growth
The Volume IX of the General History of Africa project is the third phase, launched in 2013, in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The impetus came from Brazil. The Brazilian parliament passed a law on the mandator... | The new General History of Africa: an exponential growth | [
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_45"
] | 1 | 1,789 | ||
[An epistemic shift: Global Africa]
An epistemic shift: Global Africa
This project implies writing a serene history of Africans and people of African descent on a global scale. That is what is subsumed under the concept of 'Global Africa'; in other words, taking into account the many dimensions of Africanness worldwi... | An epistemic shift: Global Africa | [
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_46"
] | 1 | 1,089 | ||
[An epistemic shift: Global Africa | The decolonization of concepts]
The decolonization of concepts
The decolonization of the concepts, paradigms and categorizations used in social and human sciences, particularly in history, is regarded as an epistemological necessity throughout the scientific and intellectual commu... | An epistemic shift: Global Africa | The decolonization of concepts | [
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_47"
] | 1 | 2,042 | |
[The General History of Africa Revisited]
The General History of Africa Revisited
Volume IX, The General History of Africa Revisited, essentially aims to update the GHA. After four decades of intensive archaeological, historical and anthropological research, most of the content of the first three GHA volumes is parti... | The General History of Africa Revisited | [
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_48",
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_49",
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_50"
] | 3 | 4,457 | ||
[Africa and Its Diasporas]
Africa and Its Diasporas
Volume X, Africa and Its Diasporas, includes three sections. Section 1, coordinated by Carole Boyce-Davies and entitled 'Redefining Global Africanity and Blackness' includes 16 contributions, organized into two parts: (1) 'Race,
Location, Diaspora and Global Blackn... | Africa and Its Diasporas | [
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_51",
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_52",
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_53"
] | 3 | 3,276 | ||
[Global Africa Today]
Global Africa Today
The end of the twentieth and beginning of the twenty-first century witnessed the complete liberation of Africa from direct colonialism. The newly launched African Union created a sixth region for 'Africans from the diaspora'. All these developments open new opportunities and ... | Global Africa Today | [
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_54",
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_55",
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_56",
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_57",
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_58"
] | 5 | 6,132 | ||
[Global Africa Today]
Section 3, 'Africa at the Turn of the 3rd Millennium: Challenges and Dynamics', coordinated by Faranirina V. Rajaonah, comprises 22 contributions organized into four rubrics. The first rubric focuses on demography and urbanization. It explores the implications of African population growth in term... | Global Africa Today | [
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_54",
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_55",
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_56",
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_57",
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_58"
] | 5 | 2,076 | ||
[Conclusion]
Conclusion
The project that has resulted in these three volumes was extraordinarily ambitious, original and inspiring. It aimed at setting a new way of writing history, taking into account current debates in social and human sciences, with epistemological ruptures and sustained reconceptualization. Compe... | Conclusion | [
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_60",
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_76",
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_195",
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_321",
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_370"
] | 5 | 6,342 | ||
[Conclusion]
Conclusion
This section explores the formation of Global Africa and its consolidation throughout the world by means of its diasporas. The main features of this section are its interdisciplinary approach, the scope of the collaborators involved, and the great diversity of sources used. Our biggest challen... | Conclusion | [
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_60",
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_76",
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_195",
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_321",
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_370"
] | 5 | 6,733 | ||
[Conclusion]
Conclusion
Every one of the different migrations of African and Afrodescendent populations that came to Costa Rica specifically, and to Central America generally, produced distinct symbolic codes at the cultural, social and political level. These codes were a product of their particular past, the areas t... | Conclusion | [
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_566",
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_614",
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_693",
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_714",
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_745"
] | 5 | 6,671 | ||
[Conclusion]
Conclusion
The enslaved African children of diverse ethnicities forged relationships with their peers on their march to the coast, as well as on board the slavetrading dhows. These relationships were strengthened upon liberation by other liberated African crewmen, who certainly served as positive role mo... | Conclusion | [
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_566",
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_614",
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_693",
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_714",
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_745"
] | 5 | 7,916 | ||
[Conclusion]
After independence from the Spanish metropolitan power, and in the process of shaping the Central American national states, racism took on a new role under the influence of eugenics. Ideas of separate development emerged and politicians attempted to confine Afrodescendants to the Caribbean coastal lowland... | Conclusion | [
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_838",
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_917",
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_1200",
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_1234"
] | 4 | 1,448 | ||
[Conclusion | References]
References
Beaujard, P. 2007. East Africa, the Comoros Islands and Madagascar before the sixteenth century: On a neglected part of the world system. Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa. Routledge (print) / Taylor \& Francis Online (online), Vol 42, pp. 15-35.
Deng, G. 2005. Chinese Mar... | Conclusion | References | [
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_61",
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_615",
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_694"
] | 3 | 6,140 | |
[Conclusion | References]
References
Abaka, E. 2012. House of Slaves and 'Door of No Return'. Gold Coast/Ghana Slave Forts, Castles \mathcalE Dungeons and the Atlantic Slave Trade. Trenton, NJ, Africa World Press.
Almeida, C. J. 2009. Uma infelicidade feliz. A imagem de África e dos Africanos na Literatura Missionári... | Conclusion | References | [
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_61",
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_615",
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_694"
] | 3 | 6,858 | |
[Conclusion | References]
Da Cunha, M. C. 2013. Negros, estrangeiros. Os escravos libertos e sua volta à África. São Paulo, Brazil, Companhia das Letras.
Dalzel, A. 1793. The History of Dabomey, an Inland Kingdom of Africa. London, Archibald Dalzel.
Da Silva Guizelin, G. 2015. A última embaixada de um monarca african... | Conclusion | References | [
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_715",
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_716",
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_616",
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_695",
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_62"
] | 5 | 6,027 | |
[Conclusion | References]
Ipsen, P. 2015. Daughters of the Trade. Atlantic Slavers and Interracial Marriage on the Gold Coast. Philadelphia, Penn., University of Pennsylvania Press.
J. S. G. (last Commandant of Commenda under the Royal African Company). 1753. The Detector Detected: or, State of Affairs on the Gold Coa... | Conclusion | References | [
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_715",
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_716",
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_616",
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_695",
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_62"
] | 5 | 5,980 | |
[Conclusion | References]
Matory, J. L. 2005. Black Atlantic Religion. Tradition, Transnationalism, and Matriarchy in the Afro-Brazilian Candomblé. Princeton, NJ, Princeton University Press.
McCaskie, T. C. 2007. Denkyira in the Making of Asante, c. 1660-1720. The Journal of African History, Vol. 48, No. 1, pp. 1-25.
... | Conclusion | References | [
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_717",
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_718",
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_719"
] | 3 | 6,210 | |
[Conclusion | References]
Traver, B. 2016. 'The Benefits of Their Liberty': Race and the Eurafricans of Gorée in Eighteenth-Century French Guiana. French Colonial History, Vol. 16, pp. 1-26.
Valsecchi, P. 2011. Power and State Formation in West Africa. Appolonia from the Sixteenth to the Eighteenth Century. A. Cameron... | Conclusion | References | [
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_717",
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_718",
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_719"
] | 3 | 2,302 | |
[INTRODUCTION]
INTRODUCTION
History of Africa and its Diasporas
Vanicléia Silva Santos
INTRODUCTION
The Epistemological Basis for Claiming Black Identities<br>Carole Boyce Davies
INTRODUCTION
Mapping the African Diasporas
Vanicléia Silva Santos | INTRODUCTION | [
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_63",
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_81",
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_529"
] | 3 | 250 | ||
[INTRODUCTION | Introduction]
Introduction
In 2003, the Brazilian Government responded positively to the country's educational institutions' clamour for teaching material on the history of Africa by collaborating with UNESCO. It financed the translation into, and publication in, Brazilian Portuguese of the eight volu... | INTRODUCTION | Introduction | [
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_64",
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_82",
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_530",
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_65"
] | 4 | 7,225 | |
[INTRODUCTION | Introduction]
So-called 'ethnicities' attributed to Africans in the diasporas outside Africa constitute the common thread of this section. The African identity vocabulary that emerged in societies of the Atlantic, the Mediterranean, South Asia, the Middle East and China was originally constructed by sl... | INTRODUCTION | Introduction | [
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_64",
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_82",
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_530",
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_65"
] | 4 | 6,675 | |
[INTRODUCTION | Introduction]
Pacific. The idea here is to counter the tendency to see the African diaspora exclusively as an Atlantic phenomenon, a tendency even marked by a Northern Atlantic bias (Gilroy, 1993).
I wish to emphasize that the Global African diaspora perspective considers voluntary and involuntary mig... | INTRODUCTION | Introduction | [
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_531",
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_83",
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_532",
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_84",
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_85"
] | 5 | 6,459 | |
[The concept of diaspora and its uses as intellectual capital in Black communities]
The concept of diaspora and its uses as intellectual capital in Black communities
At different points in history, from very early on, millions of Africans were part of the African diasporas. They were moved across the oceans to places... | The concept of diaspora and its uses as intellectual capital in Black communities | [
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_66",
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_67",
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_68"
] | 3 | 4,740 | ||
[Defining Global Africa beyond the Black Atlantic]
Defining Global Africa beyond the Black Atlantic
In recent decades, scholars have been defining and redefining African diaspora studies in order to advance conceptual, geographic, temporal, methodological and thematic ideas (Du Bois, 1915; Shepperson, 1965; Asante, 1... | Defining Global Africa beyond the Black Atlantic | [
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_69",
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_70",
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_71",
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_72"
] | 4 | 7,571 | ||
[Organization of Volume X]
Organization of Volume X
Volume X of the General History of Africa contains 68 chapters organized into three sections. The first section, Redefining Global Africanity and blackness, is coordinated by Carole Boyce Davies. It is the result of an epistemological forum that addressed the differ... | Organization of Volume X | [
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_73",
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_74",
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_75"
] | 3 | 4,152 | ||
[References]
References
Alpers, E. A. 2001. Defining the African Diaspora. Paper presented to the Center for Comparative Social Analysis Workshop, University of California, Los Angeles, 25 October 2001.
Asante, M. K. 1987. The Afrocentric Idea. Philadelphia, Pa., Temple University Press.
Austen, R. 1979. The trans-S... | References | [
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_78",
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_119",
"396047eng-1-800.pdf_chunk_145"
] | 3 | 6,100 |
End of preview. Expand in Data Studio
README.md exists but content is empty.
- Downloads last month
- 11