| kpi_name,kpi_type,formula,unit,higher_is_better,authority,target_or_benchmark,industry_use |
| Total Recordable Incident Rate (TRIR),Lagging,"(Number of recordable incidents x 200000) / Total hours worked",Rate per 200000 hours,No (lower is better),US OSHA 29 CFR 1904 Recordkeeping,"Private industry average 2.6 (2023 BLS SOII); Construction 2.9; Manufacturing 2.8; Oil and gas 0.7",All industries especially OSHA-regulated US sites |
| Lost Time Injury Frequency Rate (LTIFR),Lagging,"(Number of lost time injuries x 1000000) / Total hours worked",Rate per 1000000 hours,No (lower is better),"IOGP Annual SPI; HSE UK; ISO 45001 guidance","IOGP 2023 combined LTI frequency rate 0.37; UK HSE 2023/24 0.7 per 100000 workers equivalent",Oil and gas; international sites; UK/EU reporting |
| Days Away Restricted or Transferred Rate (DART),Lagging,"(DART cases x 200000) / Total hours worked",Rate per 200000 hours,No (lower is better),US OSHA 29 CFR 1904.7,"Private industry average 1.8 (2023 BLS); Construction 1.8",OSHA-regulated US sites; OSHA 300 log mandatory |
| Severity Rate (SR),Lagging,"(Total lost days x 200000) / Total hours worked",Lost days per 200000 hours,No (lower is better),HSE UK / ILO variant,"HSE UK target depends on sector; used alongside LTIFR to show average severity",UK and international; complements LTIFR |
| Fatal Accident Rate (FAR),Lagging,"(Number of fatalities x 100000000) / Total exposure hours",Deaths per 100 million exposure hours,No (lower is better),IOGP; UK HSE; oil and gas industry,"IOGP upstream combined 1.85 (2023); construction 3-5; petrochemical 1.5-2.5","High-hazard industries: oil and gas, mining, construction" |
| Fatality Rate,Lagging,(Number of fatalities / Number of workers) x 100000,Deaths per 100000 workers,No (lower is better),ILO; BLS CFOI; national statistics,"ILO global average ~2.0 per 100000; mining/quarrying ~10; construction ~8",International comparison; BLS CFOI data for USA |
| Lost Time Injury Rate (LTIR),Lagging,"(Number of LTIs x 200000) / Total hours worked",Rate per 200000 hours,No (lower is better),Used in UAE/GCC alongside OSHA format,"UAE 0.5 target common for large construction contractors; varies by sector","UAE, Saudi Arabia, Qatar construction and oil and gas" |
| Near-Miss Frequency Rate (NMFR),Lagging (trend indicator),"(Number of near misses reported x 200000) / Total hours worked",Rate per 200000 hours,Yes (higher indicates better reporting culture),IOGP; safety management systems best practice,"No universal benchmark; target is year-on-year increase indicating reporting culture improvement",All industries; used as safety-culture indicator |
| First Aid Case Rate,Lagging,"(Number of first aid cases x 200000) / Total hours worked",Rate per 200000 hours,No (context-dependent — may indicate good near-miss reporting),OSHA recordkeeping (non-recordable cases),No universal benchmark; trend analysis useful,All industries |
| Loss of Primary Containment (LOPC) Tier 1 Rate,Lagging (process safety),"(Tier 1 LOPC events x 1000000) / Total hours worked",Events per 1000000 hours,No (lower is better),IOGP Report 456 / API RP 754,"IOGP combined 0.027 Tier 1 (2023); target <0.05","Oil and gas; refining; petrochemical; API 754 sectors" |
| Loss of Primary Containment (LOPC) Tier 2 Rate,Lagging (process safety),"(Tier 2 LOPC events x 1000000) / Total hours worked",Events per 1000000 hours,No (lower is better),IOGP Report 456 / API RP 754,"IOGP combined 0.13 Tier 2 (2023)","Oil and gas; refining; petrochemical" |
| Experience Modification Rate (EMR),Lagging (US Workers Comp),"Actual losses / Expected losses (calculated by insurer); base = 1.0",Ratio (dimensionless),No (lower is better),"NCCI (US); state workers compensation bureaus","EMR below 1.0 = better than average; contractors with EMR > 1.0 often excluded from major sites; < 0.7 is excellent",US contractors; construction; manufacturing |
| Toolbox Talk (TBT) Compliance Rate,Leading,Number of TBTs conducted / Number of TBTs scheduled x 100,Percentage (%),Yes (higher is better),ISO 45001 Section 7.4 communication; SMS best practice,"Target 95-100%; below 80% indicates leadership engagement gap",All industries; construction; oil and gas |
| Permit to Work (PTW) Audit Closure Rate,Leading,Number of closed PTW audit findings / Total PTW audit findings raised x 100,Percentage (%),Yes,ISO 45001 Section 10.2 CAPA; PTW system standards (BS 8210 / OSHA 1910.147),"Target >90% within agreed due dates","High-hazard industries: oil and gas, mining, utilities, construction" |
| Behaviour-Based Safety (BBS) Observations per Worker,Leading,Total BBS / safety observations submitted / Total workers per period,Observations per worker per month,Yes (higher is better),Safety management system best practice; ANSI Z10; BS 45002-1,"1+ observation per worker per month is common target; varies by site size",Manufacturing; oil and gas; utilities; aviation |
| Training Hours per Worker per Year,Leading,Total HSE training hours delivered / Total workers,Hours per worker per year,Yes (higher is better),"ISO 45001 Section 7.2; IOGP; OSHA 29 CFR 1910 (mandatory training requirements)","8-16 hours per year common for general industry; 40+ hours for safety-critical roles","All industries; mandatory OSHA training must be included" |
| Near-Miss Reporting Rate,Leading,"(Near misses reported x 200000) / Total hours worked",Rate per 200000 hours,Yes (higher indicates mature safety culture),"Heinrich triangle theory; IOGP; safety culture frameworks","No universal target; year-on-year increase is the target; 5-10x TRIR is considered healthy ratio",All industries |
| Leadership HSE Tour Rate,Leading,Number of leadership HSE field tours conducted / Target tours per period,Tours per leader per month or percentage of target,Yes (higher is better),"IOGP; STEP Change in Safety; visible felt leadership (VFL) programmes","1 formal tour per month per supervisor is a common minimum; senior leadership 1 per quarter","Oil and gas; construction; manufacturing" |
| Corrective and Preventive Action (CAPA) Closure Rate (30 days),Leading,CAPAs closed within 30 days / Total CAPAs raised in period x 100,Percentage (%),Yes (higher is better),"ISO 45001 Section 10.2; ISO 9001 Section 10.2; incident investigation best practice","Target >85% within 30 days; >95% within 60 days","All industries; ISO 45001 certified sites" |
| Contractor Pre-Qualification Completion Rate,Leading,Contractors with completed pre-qual / Total contractors engaged x 100,Percentage (%),Yes (higher is better),ISO 45001 Section 8.1.4; IOGP; OSHA 1926 Subpart C (construction),"Target 100% — no contractor should work without completed pre-qual","Construction; oil and gas; utilities; any multi-contractor site" |
| HSE Audit Findings Closed (30 days),Leading,Audit findings closed within 30 days / Total audit findings raised x 100,Percentage (%),Yes (higher is better),"ISO 45001 Section 9.2 (internal audit); external certification audit cycles","Target >80% within 30 days for minor findings; 100% for critical findings","ISO 45001 sites; regulated industries" |
| Management of Change (MOC) Closure Rate,Leading,MOCs fully signed off and closed / Total MOCs initiated x 100,Percentage (%),Yes (higher is better),"OSHA 1910.119 PSM (MOC element); API RP 14C; ISO 45001 Section 8.1.3","Target >90% within 30 days; 100% before new operation commences","Oil and gas; chemical; refining; any change-intensive operation" |
| Pre-Start-up Safety Review (PSSR) Completion Rate,Leading,PSSRs completed before commissioning / Total commissioning events requiring PSSR x 100,Percentage (%),Yes — 100% target,OSHA 1910.119(i) PSM mandatory; API RP 750 / API RP 500,100% — regulatory requirement for PSM-covered processes,"Oil and gas; chemical; refining; pharmaceutical; utilities" |
| Drill and Exercise Completion Rate,Leading,Emergency drills completed / Emergency drills planned x 100,Percentage (%),Yes (higher is better),"OSHA 1910.38 (emergency action plan drills); OSHA 1926.35 (construction); USCG / SOLAS maritime; API RP 14G","Target 100% planned drills completed per year; minimum 1 full evacuation drill per year","All industries; legally required for many site types" |
| Safety Climate / Culture Survey Score,Leading (perception),Score from validated survey instrument (e.g. HSE UK Indicator Tool; Nordic Safety Climate Questionnaire),Score on 1-5 or 0-100 scale,Yes (higher is better),HSE UK Safety Climate Tool; NOSACQ-50; SCAP (Safety Culture Advancement Programme),Benchmarked against industry sector norm; improvement trend is the primary target,All industries; useful for mergers and acquisitions due diligence |
| Hazard Report Rate,Leading,"(Hazard reports / observations raised x 200000) / Total hours worked",Reports per 200000 hours,Yes (higher is better),"Safety management system best practice; ISO 45001 Section 10.1.1 (hazard identification)","5-15+ per worker per year for mature cultures; year-on-year increase is primary target",All industries |
| Asset Integrity Work Order On-Time Completion Rate,Leading (process safety),Planned maintenance work orders completed on time / Total planned maintenance WOs x 100,Percentage (%),Yes (higher is better),"API 580 RBI; API 510/570/653 inspection programmes; IOGP; ISO 55001 asset management","Target >90% on-time; overdue safety-critical maintenance tracked separately",Oil and gas; utilities; refining; chemical; power generation |
| Safety Critical Maintenance Overdue Rate,Leading (process safety),Safety-critical maintenance items past due date / Total safety-critical maintenance items x 100,Percentage (%),No (lower is better),"COMAH Regulations (UK); OSHA PSM 1910.119(j) mechanical integrity; API RP 580","Target 0% — any overdue safety-critical maintenance requires formal risk assessment","Oil and gas; chemical; refining; pharmaceutical; power generation" |
| OSHA Recordable Incident Severity Rate (US-specific),Lagging,"(Total recordable incident severity score x 200000) / Total hours worked — severity weighted: fatality=100, hospitalisation=50, DART case=6, recordable=1","Weighted severity score per 200000 hours",No (lower is better),US OSHA-aligned internal metric not OSHA-mandated,No regulatory benchmark; used for trend analysis,US sites; adapted from RIDDOR severity rate concept |
| Lost Workday Rate / Lost Day Rate,Lagging,"(Total lost workdays x 200000) / Total hours worked",Days per 200000 hours,No (lower is better),OSHA 29 CFR 1904; UK HSE RIDDOR; ILO Convention No. 155,"UK HSE sector averages published; varies widely — 25-60 days per 200000 hours for high-hazard industries",UK and international; mandatory under RIDDOR for UK sites |
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